27.2 notes. i. the belligerents a. central powers- germany, austria- hungary, bulgaria, ottoman...

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Page 1: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

27.2 Notes

Page 2: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

I. The Belligerents

A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary,

Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Page 3: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Central Powers

• Name due to their “central” location in Europe

• Germany is the most powerful country

• The Central Powers had enemies on both sides and didn’t want to fight a two front war so they came up with the Schlieffen Plan

Page 4: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Schlieffen Plan

• Plan by Germany to send a massive amount of troops to the west and defeat France

• After defeating France this would block out British troops and the Central Powers would quickly move their troops back to attack Russia

Page 5: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Plan in Action

• Germany entered France through an unfortified section of neutral Belgium

• They quickly marched through France winning small victories along the way

• Got within 40 miles of Paris, France and had the Battle of Marne

Page 6: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Battle of Marne

• Allied forces met the Germans at the Marne river just outside of Paris, France

• 600 taxi cabs transported reinforcements in Paris to the front line

• Allied forces won the battle and stopped the advance of the Central Powers and the Schlieffen Plan.

• Results in a two front war

Page 7: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Battle of Marne

• Took place at the Marne River just outside of Paris

• Allies stopped German advancement with the help of 600 taxi cabs transporting soldiers back and forth between Paris and the battlefield

• Both sides dug in fortifications and this guaranteed WWI to be a TWO FRONT WAR

Page 8: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

II. Innovations in WarfareA. WWI differed from other wars because it was industrialized.B. U-boats

1. Affected Allied shipping.C. Poison GasD. Machine GunsE. Long-Range ArtilleryF. Airplane- WWI 1st war usedG. Tank

1. Total War- a war in which nations turn all their resources to the war effort.

a. Women worked in factories, men were drafted. H. Propaganda- built patriotism

Page 9: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Trench WarfareWWI

Page 10: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Stalemate

• After the Allied victory at the Marne River in France the Western Front turned into a stalemate

• This happened as a result of new technologies like machine guns, barbwire, long range artillery and poison gas.

• Old war offensive tactics became completely obsolete

• The result was digging trenches

Page 11: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 12: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Western Front

• Trenches were massive formations of ditches that housed soldiers

• They were dangerous, dirty, disease ridden, secluded, water filled holes in the earth

• They were dug by hand and lined with wood to prevent walls from caving in

• Disease ran rampant due to overpopulation and lack of sanitation

Page 13: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 14: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 15: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Problems

• Bodies and body parts often remained in the trenches, this attracted large rats

• Body lice ran rampant, they left itchy bite marks on the body and spread disease

• Waterlogged trenches led to conditions such as trench foot

Page 16: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 17: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 18: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 19: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

Side Entrance

Wall Extension

Perpendicular Trench

Page 20: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 21: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 22: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 23: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 24: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 25: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 26: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

III. Early Years of the War

A. Fighting in Gallipoli1. Allied attempt to remove the Ottoman Empire from the war by capturing Constantinople- failed attempt.

B. Naval Warfare1. Lusitania- Br. Passenger ship carrying US citizens that was sunk by Germans.

C. The Stalemate1. War of Attrition- slow wearing down process of opponent.

http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html

Page 27: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia
Page 28: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

IV. The US in WWI

A. US attempted to sell goods to both sides during the war while staying neutral.

B. Zimmerman Note- German attempt to bring Mexico into war.

C. U.S. was persuaded to join to help spread the belief of democracy.

Page 29: 27.2 Notes. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia