????????

????????

2 ????????????

01

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Once again we have had to hire someone to cleanour rain gutters, which have become clogged ~.??????which????? our rain gutters????

I have consulted with our attorney and he informsme that we have the right to trim or remove anybranches that cross the property line.? ?inform A that?????????A?? ???????????????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?inform A of ?????????????

?gutter ???????????clog ??????property ?????????????????hang ??????maintain ?????expense ???consult ?????trim ?????arrangement ??????????

2?????????????

??

??

?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 6? ?

??????????????

???? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

~ has been very helpful in assisting me in obtainingan entry-level position in the telemarketing field.? ?assist?????????in -ing????????????????????????

I will contact your office on Friday morning to see ifI could schedule a few moments at your convenience.? to see?????????????????????????? if????????????????????????????

1??????????????

??

??

?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? LeanneMarquis???? ??? ??? ???????Leanne? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ???????Leanne? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? 4??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????????????

?? ? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 8~9? ?

? ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ? ? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ? ????? ??????

???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??

3???????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????????

Its always permissible [to try to make theacquaintance of an appealing stranger in a public place],as long as you do so politely and stop immediately ~.? It???????????[to try ~]???????????doso? try to make the acquaintance of an appealingstranger in a public place???????

Courageous women who begin a conversation with amale stranger must also adhere to the rule [that if littleinterest is shown they must excuse themselves politely].? ??? that? ??? [that ~]? the rule? ?? ?????

?permissible ?????make the acquaintance of ??????????appealing ???????????province ???????????????adhere to ????????? ?????excuse oneself ??????insistent ??????????????????????companion ????captive ??????????????be subjected to ?????????? ????insistence ?????????????

3???????????????????

??

??

Piaget ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????????????????????????????????

He has written over forty volumes and hundreds ofarticles [dealing with the ways in which a child learnsto understand the world].? [dealing ~]? ???? over forty volumes andhundreds of articles????????

We have also used cartoons and comic strips toillustrate a point, and to demonstrate how closelyrelated Piagets theory is to everyday phenomena inchildrens lives.? to illustrate? to demonstrate??????????????????????????????????????? and?????????????

?leading ??????????psychologist ?????volume ???????article ???????deal with ??????concept ???clarify ???????literature ???enjoyable ????excerpt ??????concretize ??????term ???comic strip ?????phenomenon ?? ???? ??????????

4????????????????????

???

??

?? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ??????????????

??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?

Jean Piaget? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? 40?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????Piaget? ??? ????????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? Piaget? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? Piaget? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ????Piaget? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???? Piaget? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????????

4 ????????????

???????????????????????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? Narcissus??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Processes [that systematize product developmentand launch, including the need for accurate knowledgeabout customers and market], are all to the good, ofcourse.? ??? ??? Processes? [that ~]? ??? ?? ????????? are???

[No matter how painful], its worth double-checkingthat your customers behold the same beauty in your newproduct or service that you do.? [No ~]???????????????? do??????? behold???

?process ???systemize ??????launch ???????????????all to the good ????????????????????eliminate ?????passion ???????underlying ??????????distorting ?????corporate ?????????persist ???????????rigorous ????unwarranted ??????????????admiration ???reflection ??? ????????behold ??

5???????????????

???

??

????????????????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

I am glad youre going to be paying us a visit here inMinneapolis to consider offering our kilns to yourcustomers in your catalog of ceramics supplies.? to consider????????? to??????????????????????

Ill pick you up at the airport and take you toQuartermaster Inn, [a lovely old inn and restaurant justoutside of downtown Minneapolis].? [a ~]?Quartermaster Inn??????????????

?studio ????pay ~ a visit ???????ceramics ?????????enclose ?????itinerary ??????????inn ???representative ??????????state-of-the-art ????

6?????????

??

??

?? ?? ??? ???????Narcissus? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????

??? North Carolina? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??

?? Minneapolis? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? North Air 1226 ???? 10? 4? ?? 10?? Raleigh ??? ?????????? ?? 3?? Minneapolis? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?? Minneapolis ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? Quartermaster ???? ??? ? ???????? Southeast? ????? Georgia Long??? ?? 7? 30?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????????????

?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???

5???????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????

Excesses of zeal, imprudence of judgment, and evenintemperance of language ought often to be tolerated inthe student press [when similar offenses would not betolerated in the ordinary press], ~.? when? ????? ??? ??? ????????? [when~]?????????????????????????????????????????????

~ for often it is better [that the indiscretions ofyouthful judgment be endured] than [that the faculty offorming resolute opinions should be discouraged].? it???????????? ?? [that ~]????????????????????? that?????????

?academic ?????????primarily ???extend to ????????????medieval ????press ????????????????representative ?????training ground ?????excess ????????zeal ???imprudence ????????tolerate ??????????????ordinary ????indiscretion ????????endure ?????????faculty ???resolute ????????

???

???

??????????????????

?????????????????????????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

It seems possible [only to tinker at the boundaries].? It???????????[only to tinker ~]??????????

And we may know in our hearts [that {as thephilosopher Karl Popper put it}, Our knowledge canonly be finite, while our ignorance must necessarily beinfinite.]? know????? [that ~]????{as ~}?? as????????????????????????

1?????????

??

??

02?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 10? ?

??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??? Karl Popper? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????????????????????????????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ?

? ?? 12-13? ?

?? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????????

?? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??????????

?paradigm ??????????in terms of ????

2?????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

We know [that a fetus has no need to eat, breathe, orprotect itself from danger], and [that it is constantlysoothed by the rhythmical beat of its mothers heart]. ? know????? [that ~ danger]? [that ~ heart]? that? ? ?????? ?? that ??? it? a fetus? ?? ???????

It has no awareness of boundaries, no sense of itself,and no recognition [that it is encased in a sac inside itsmother]. ? [that ~]? recognition??????????????

?reveal ??????????instantly ???automatically ??????fluid ????????soothe ???????????rhythmical ????????????observation ???tranquil ???

???

??

6 ????????????

??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

The strange modern idea [that forests are just trees]and [that a monocultured stand of Eucalyptusgenetically engineered to express pesticides is the samething as an ancient community of trees, fungi, flowers,animals, birds and all the other living things andproducts a complete forest would provide], is certainlyone of the most striking symptoms of how disconnectedour modern culture has become from the reality ofnature.? ??? ??? The strange modern idea????[that ~trees]? [that ~ provide]? The strange modern idea?????????????????? is????

Due perhaps to our own social paradigms, we havetended to see forest growth in terms of competition forlight and space, [a kind of Darwinian contest thatresulted in one tree ?winning?and shading out theothers].? competition ~ space? [a kind ~]????????????

?Eucalyptus ??????????????genetically ??????express ?????????????pesticide ????fungus ?? ????????????symptom ???????disconnected ?????organism ????aspen ?????outgrowth ?????

???

??

?????? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????????????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????????????????????????????

?? ??? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????????????????

7???????????????

?effortless ???????encase ????????????oneness ??????

3????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Sometimes it can even be an asset since we castingpeople do love to discover fresh faces, [no matter whatage they may be]. ? since? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????[nomatter what ~]????????????[ ]????????????????????

?insoluble ?????dilemma ?????????????pat answer ???????????suggestion ???deficiency ???????asset ???cast ???????????????get caught ?????????

??

4??????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Through a series of tests [that had respondentsidentifying almost 350 different meanings for variousposes from a series of photographs], James was able todetermine [that the direction of the torso plays a keyrole in determining a persons level of interest].? ? ?? [that ~]? ???? a series of tests? ?????determine ??? [that ~]? determine??????

Numerous studies have appeared since that time,confirming [that the Belly Button Rule is one of themost accurate ways of gauging a persons interest andintent]. ? have appeared? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????have???p.p.????????[that ~]? confirming????????

?initially ??????????respondent ????identify ?????determine ??????????torso ???????separate ?????directionality ?????????withdrawal ?????????? ??disinterest ???

???

??

?????????????????????????????? ??? ? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ? ? ???????????? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??????????????????????????????

?? ??? ?? ????? 1930??? W. T. James? ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? 350??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????James? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?????James? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????30? ??? ?? ? Albert Mehrabian ??? James? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????????????????????????????

But the larger sand grains may settle to the bottom,[where they roll back and forth as each wave passes],[occasionally being lifted and dropped again byunusually violent water motion].???? [where ~]???? and there they ~ passes???????[occasionally being ~]?????????

?backrushing ???????????? ??????velocity ???suspension ??? ???????????????????momentum ????????sheet ??? ??????????????????????breaker ?????????????????????curl ?????turbulent ????????swirl ?????beach face ???????????????uprush ?????????occasionally ???violent ????net ???????????particle ???????

???

8 ????????????

?expansion ???????heighten ????confidence ????contraction ???????refine ???????????aspect ???intention ???????confirm ???????????????gauge ???????????intent ??????

5?????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

[The momentum of this turbid sheet of water andsand] carries it below the general level of the sea, and asmall wave, usually less than a foot high, called thebackrush breaker, curls over it. ? ? ?? ?? ??? [The momentum ~]?? ???carries????? ?? ?? ??? a small wave?? ???curls???

??

?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? 1???? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ? ? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ? ??? ????? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ??????????

9??????????????

????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

In addition to the direct advantages anddisadvantages of particular climates in terms ofagriculture or diseases, climate can also affect the sizeof the cultural universe. ??in addition to??????????????the direct ~ diseases?to ??????????????? climate????

Because climates usually vary more from north tosouth than they do over equal distances from east towest, [knowledge of particular crops or the domesticationand care of particular animals] can travel far greaterdistances from east to west than from north to south. ? they? climates??????????do????? vary???? ???? ????????? can travel? ???[knowledge ~]???

1??????????

??

??

03?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 14? ?

??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????????????????????????????? ?? ? ????1? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ? ? ??? ??? ? ?????????????????????????????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ?

? ?? 16-17? ?

??????????????????? OHare ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

They were later asked to recall the words in one ofthe two environments: either in the original environment[in which the words were learned] or in the alternativeenvironment.? ?be asked to do??????? ??????????? ???????either A or B???A ?? B ????????????[inwhich ~]? the original environment? ???? ???????

Lists [learned underwater] had higher recallunderwater, and lists [learned on dry land] had higherrecall on dry land.???????? [learned ~]????????? Lists? lists???????

?experiment ?????? ???recall ????????????????alternative ????????????????????context-dependent ?????????disruption ???????????????to ones advantage ???????????? ???????parking garage ??? ?????signature tune ????????????decorate ??????????icon ???????

??

??

? ???? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ????????????? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ???????The Experience Economy?? Pine? Gilmore? Standard Parking of Chicago? ???????????? OHare ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???Bulls???? ?? ? ??? Blackhawks? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ????????

10 ????????????

2???????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Vitousek?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ????????????

Some introduced species act as devastating weeds,[taking over an ecosystem {that lacks properdefenses}].? [taking ~]? ?????? ???? ??? Someintroduced species????{that ~}????? an ecosystem??????

?agriculture ???transport ??????????locale ???????deliberate ???????????unintentional ???????????????choke ??????deprive ~ of ? ????????????????ecology ??????????unanticipated ??????consequence ????????devastating ??????????????????pest ???non-indigenous ??????????

???

3?????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

No matter how badly you want to get out of asituation, it usually involves losing something.? no matter how???????????????????????????? involves????? losing???????????????

Whether the thing [you are leaving behind] issomething [that you cherish or despise], ~.? [you ~]? ???? the thing? ??????[that ~]? ???? something??????

?settle for ??????????????involve ???????????leave behind ???????cherish ????????????despise ?????????????celebrate ???????????relocation ????????signify ???????????era ???uncharted ?????? ??????territory ??????????

4?????????????????

??

??

??? ?? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????Vitousek???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? 20???? ? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????????????????????????????????

??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????????????????????????????

? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?

11??????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Similarly, small cutting remarks from those close tous also cause a disproportionate amount of pain[because we are unusually sensitive to people {we loveand respect}].? ??? ??? cause????[because ~]? ???????{we~}?????????????? people???????

[Knowing that his wife enjoyed watching the birds{that visited their yard}], a man decided to build a birdfeeder as a surprise gift for her.? [Knowing ~]? ????????{that ~}? ???? ??the birds???????

?superficial ???????? ?????????sensory ????numerous ??????irritate ???????????out of proportion to ??????????? ???????injury ???????remark ??????disproportionate ??????????bird feeder ?????surprise gift ?????spoil ???

5????????????????

???

??

??? ??? ?? ????????? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1????? ? 72??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????UPS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????????

UPS found [that when they redesigned their driversposition so that it no longer included the thankless job ofloading the trucks, they were able to dramaticallyincrease the length of driver employment].? ?? found? ???? that? ?? when? ??? ????????????????? ?so that ~?????????????????so that ~????????????????[that ~]????????????? they?were????

They determined [that the drivers were the face ofthe company] and [that their customers didntappreciate meeting a new driver every six months].? ?? determined? ???? ? ?? that?? and? ???????????

?revolving-door ????????????????loyalty ???????treasured ???????hit the road ??????repeat oneself ?????????redesign ??????thankless ????????dramatically ?????strategic ?????appreciate ?????????????alternatively ????????????high-turnover ???????minimal ???????????retention ??????

??

??

???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????UPS? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????UPS? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? 6???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????????????????????? ????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????

1??? Butchie??????? Trish

Trish??????????????????? Butchie?????????????????????? Trish???????????????????????????????????? ?? Trish? ????? ????????? ???????????Trish????????????????????????

Trish had gone out and left her dog, Butchie, in herapartment, [safely locked in the kitchen behind a babygate], like she always did.? [safely locked ~]? her dog, Butchie??????????????like????????????????????

She instructed her roommate [to take the dog to thenearest emergency vet office] and [that she would meether there as soon as she could].? ?instruct?????????to do[that?]?????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????[to take ~]? [that~]?????????? and??????

?lock ????squirrel ????life-threatening ????????vet office ?????surgery ???????cast ???scrape ????????bruise ??????

???

??

12 ????????????

??????????

? ?? ??? Eve? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? Cindy? Eve???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Cindy??????????????????????????????????????? Cindy????????????????????????

The quarrel goes on, [each comment morevenomous than the last].? [each ~]????????????????????? eachcomment ?? being??????????????

At which point Eve [rips the sweater off], [throwsit at her], and [says, Your stuff doesnt fit me anyway.Its ugly.]?At which point?And at that point???????[rips ~]?[throws ~]??[says, ~]?????????? and??????

??

??

04?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 18? ?

?? ?? Cindy? ?? ? ? ??? Eve?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? Eve? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????Cindy???? ?? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????Eve? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????????Cindy? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????Eve?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ? ?????? ????????? Cindy? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????Cindy????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??????Cindy? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? Eve????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????Cindy? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? Eve???????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 20-21? ?

Trish? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?Butchie? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??Butchie?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ???? ?????Butchie???? ??? ????? ??????Trish? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? Butchie? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ??????????????????? Trish?????????????? Butchie?????????????????????

13??????????????

2?????????? Alan Conway

??????????? Stanley Kubrick?????????? Alan Conway?????????????????????? Stanley Kubrick????????????????????? AlanConway??????????????????

The man-who-would-be-Kubrick ([whose real namewas Alan Conway] and [who looked nothing like thedark-bearded director]) went around London [tellingpeople {who he was}]. ? [whose ~]? [who ~]? The man-who-would-be-Kubrick? ???? ???????[telling ~]? ?????????? ??? The man-who-would-be-Kubrick???{who ~}? telling???????

Warner Bros., [which financed and distributedKubricks films], began calling Kubricks officepractically every day with new complaints from people[who could not understand {why Stanley would notget back to them}]. ? [which ~]??????????? Warner Bros.?????????[who ~]? ???? ?? ?? people? ?????{why ~}? understand??????????

???

??

?? 1990?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? StanleyKubrick? ?? ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? Alan Conway?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????Kubrick? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? Stanley Kubrick? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????Kubrick? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? Warner Bros.? ?Stanley? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? Kubrick????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ? ??????????????????????????????

T??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????????? ????ips?assistant ???????private ???????????????????shun ????bait ???????finance ????????distribute ???????????practically ????????complaint ???get back to ??? ??????????????????????treat ?????????

3???????????? Halina

???????????? Halina???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???????????Halina? ???? ?? ? ? ???????? ???????

She always wore such beautiful dresses and askedfor her opinion, [which made her feel quite adult].? [which ~]??????????????????

Does the dress look good? she had said, [dancingin front of her], [her eyes even more lustrous thanusual], [turning this way and that for approval].? [dancing ~]??[her ~]??[turning ~]?????????????

?creep(-crept-crept) into ?????????swing(-swung-swung) ???????????evening gown ??????????catch sight of ?? ??????????? ????

???

???

Halina? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????Halina? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????Halina? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????????????????? ?????

?fond ??????????make-believe ?? ?????????????????reflection ??? ?????????????approval ??????????

4Laura??????

Laura??????????????????????????Laura? ??? ?????????? ???????????? Laura? ?????????????????

As she passed by an alley, Laura noticed a woman[sitting by a box].? [sitting ~]? a woman????????????

Although Laura was somewhat afraid to walktoward the woman, she was hoping [that she had finallyfound her mother]. ? ??? ??? she????[that ~]? was hoping? ???????

The woman looked up at Laura with her eyesalmost closed.? ?with????????????????? with???????????????????????

?pass by ???????????????alley ???notice ?????????????????somewhat ?????? ???????shiver with cold ??????whisper ????????????at first ?????give ~ a hug ???????????

???

??

??

5???????????????????????

??????????????????????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????????????????????????????????? ????John Assaraf ?? ??????????? ???Keenan???????????????????

John told his son all sorts of stories about [what ablast John had had when he first went to kindergarten],[how the classroom had all kinds of toys and other kidswho liked doing all the same stuff {he liked to do}],[how cool it was for John], and [what a great time it wasgoing to be for Keenan]. ???? ??????? about?????????????{he ~}????????????? all the same stuff??????

?kindergarten ????blast ????????????stuff ??????????????cool ?????? ???completely ????barely ??????????????????brand-new ??????????

??

14 ????????????

Laura? State ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??Laura? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??????Laura? ? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????Laura?? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????Laura??????????????? ??????? ??? ??? Laura?? ?? ????? ???????? Laura? ??? ??? ??? ??????Paris????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? Laura? ???????? ????????????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????Laura???????????Laura????? ?????? ?????Paris??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??????????????Laura? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????

John Assaraf? ?? Keenan? ??? ??? ???? 2? ????John? Keenan? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????John? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? John??? ??? ????????? ??? Keenan?? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ? ?? ?? ????Keenan? ??? ???????John? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???John? ?? ??? ??? ? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ? ???????? Keenan?? ?? ????????????? ?????????????????

15???????????????

6??????? ?????????

??????? ???????????????????????? Longstreet ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? The Unionsympathizer????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ????????????????????????????

The other man responded to his friends commentsby explaining [that he was not siding with them], and[that he would never side with them].???? [that ~]???? [that ~]????? explaining?????????????? and??????

~ it would be Gods way [to decide {which of themwould be able to go home}].? it???????????[to decide ~]? to???????????????{which ~}?????? decide???????????

?general ?????????pick up a conversation ??????sympathy ??????????Union Army ??? ????????????side with ???????make a point that ???????????? ????apologize ?????sympathizer ??????????????rub ??????????

???

??

Longstreet ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ????????????????

???????????????????

? it ???? it ?????????????????????????????????????????????????which???????? the mistaken impression? ??? ?? ??? ??? that???????? defined??????????????? involves??????????????????? ??? certain forms of behavior?? ??? is? ?? are??????

[Setting goals and holding reasonably highbehavioral standards] also lets children know [thatcertain forms of behavior are desirable, good, orworthy and, therefore, to be aspired to and strivedtoward].? [Setting ~]????????????????let?????????????????????????????????????[that~]? know???????????

Such expectations also define the limits of behaviorand help children make the important discovery [thatsome forms of behavior are unacceptable or evenunworthy], which may be just as important in healthydevelopment.??? define? help?????? Such expectations???help?????? to??????????????????[that ~]? the important discovery?????????

??

??

05?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 22? ?

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????????????

?appreciate ?????????????visible ?????????status ???????????reputation ???????tech geek ???????????????overlook ?????????????

2???????????????????????

????????? and??????? consider????????????????????? arguing? argue???????? to calm???????? to???????????????? nervous musicians?????? them??????????????? remove??????? the drugs???????????????? that? the qualities? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????????

The drugs, [designed to treat heart disease], helpnervous musicians by [reducing the effect ofadrenaline], [lowering the heart rate], and [enablingthem to play unimpeded by shaking hands]. ? [designed ~]? ???? The drugs? ?? ?????[reducing ~]??[lowering ~]??[enabling ~]??? by??????????????

Defenders of beta-blockers argue [that the drugs donot make anyone a better violinist or pianist but simplyremove an impediment so that performers can displaytheir true musical gifts].

???

??

16 ????????????

1????????????? Love Machine

(A) protect??? aim to???????? guard???????(B) ????? they appreciated help from a colleague???? ????????? ????? which? ??? ??? when??????(C) ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????overlook??????? overlooked??????????????????

A fascinating approach [called the Love Machine]was developed at Linden Lab, [the company behind thevirtual world Second Life].? [called ~]?A fascinating approach????????????[the company ~]?Linden Lab??????????

The Love Machine was designed to overcome thistendency by enabling employees to send a Lovemessage when they appreciated help from a colleague.? to overcome???????????????????? to????????by?-ing?????????? ??? ??????enable?????????to do???????????????????????

?approach ?????????virtual ????aim ????????????guard ??????????share ?????colleague ??

??

??

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 24~25? ?

Love Machine?? ??? ???? ???? Second Life???? ??? ??? ?? ??? Linden Lab?? ??????????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????Love Machine? ???? ??? ????????????????? Love ????????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????Love ???? ?? ???? ? ? ????????????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????Love? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? Love? ????????? Linden? ?? ???? ChrisColosi?????

?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????

17???????????????

? argue? ??? [that ~]? ??? ??? ?? ?????sothat?????????????????????????????

?stage fright ??????calm ones nerves ?????????heart disease ????unimpeded ???????shaking ????opponent ???????????????drug-becalmed ???????impediment ??????packed house ????????????????virtue ???????intrinsic ???????????incidental ????????????

3Miletus?????????????

(A) ??? Miletus? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???where??????(B) ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????????????????What?????(C) involve??????????????????????????????????????? the personal forces of gods??????????????????? involved?????? ???????????

T??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? ??? ????ips

??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ? ?? ??? 550????????????????????? Miletus?? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????????????????????

One of the first great bursts of scientific reasoningtook place in Miletus, [a city-state on the coast of whatis now Turkey], in around 550 B.C., [where a group of?Ionian philosophers?were among the first to believe{that people could understand the universe using logicrather than mythology and religion}].? [a city-state ~]? Miletus???????????????[where ~]? Miletus???????????????? {that~}? believe?????????????

[Driven by what was then a unique approach to theworld], these mathematician philosophers began asearch for a prime cause for all natural phenomena.? [Driven ~]? ?????? ???? ??? thesemathematician philosophers???

?burst ???????reasoning ???????city-state ?????philosopher ????logic ???????mythology ?????? ?????approach ??????? ???prime ???????????cause ?????????phenomenon ?? ???? ???????????disappearance ????????eclipse ??????????

4????????????

? ?it is ~ that ?????????????? the degree of ~ andmusic? ??? ?????????? 3?? ??? ????

??

??

??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????????????

(A) ?????? This suggestion???????????was??????(B) ??? to make? ?? a plan? ???? to???? ????? to provide??????(C) because?????????????? led??????????????????

~ was deeply at odds with the prevailing wisdom ofthe dominant classes in Britain, who feared it woulddiscourage deference.? ??? who? ???? the dominant classes in Britain???

~, by making it possible [for children to beemployed at income-generating tasks], ~.? it????????????[for children ~]???????????

?mental ??????????degradation ???division of labor ???arithmetic ???????contradict ???????????enlightened ????intellectual ????at odds with ???????prevailing ???????? ?????dominant ?????discourage ??????compulsory ?????accessible ???????incentive ???????????

6?????

???

??

18 ????????????

separates???????? in which???????? the ways????????????????????? learned???????? the sign language?????????? that??? say?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????????? observed??????

~, we must quickly conclude [that most, if not all,differences are in degree, not in kind].???? that???? [that ~]???????conclude???????

~, it is possible [to point to communication amongdolphins or the sign language learned by apes in certainexperiments as simple and basic forms of the samebehavior].? it???????????to??????? [to point ~]??????????

?specify ?????????????????????unique ????trait ???extent ???????distinctive ?????????point to ???????sign language ???ape ????parallel ?????elaborate ????ritual ????????engage in ???????? ?????????counterpart ???

5??

??

??

???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????AdamSmith? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? Voltaire? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????????????? ????????????????? ???????Smith? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????????? Smith???????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????

??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ??????? ?? ??? ? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??

19??????????????

?????? all the happiness?????????????????do? does??????????? that?Our delusion?????????????? continuously? increasing?multiplying??????????Trying?????????????????????? burning? keeps????????

Our delusion [that happiness comes from the thingsthat we desire], and [that therefore by desiring andacquiring more things we will become more happy], is avicious circle. ? ??? that? ??? [that ~ desire]? [that ~ happy]?Our delusion????????

The more we acquire those objects, the moreintensely our desire for them and for other such objectswill rage.? ?The????????the??????????????? ??? ? ???????????????

?delusion ???acquire ?????vicious circle ????multiply ?????raging ??????????????extinguish ???rage ?????????petrol ?????????derive ?????????ourself ??? ????????????

??

??

? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????????????

???????

??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????resistant? susceptible???????????????????

Todays dominant worldviews and institutionsemerged during the early Industrial Revolution, [whenthe world was still relatively empty of humans and theirbuilt infrastructure].????? when???? [when ~]? the early IndustrialRevolution????????????

Current ideas about [what is desirable] and [what ispossible] were forged in this context.? ??? and? ??? [what ~ desirable]? [what ~possible]???? about???????

??

??

06?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 26? ?

???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? Thomas Malthus? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ??????? ??? ? ? ????? ???????? ??????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 28-29? ?

T?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????? ????ips

2?????????

??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????agrees? objects???????????????????

[Choosing a good research design] involves morethan just selecting a particular method.????? [Choosing ~]??????

~, investigators must do so in a way [that does notviolate the rights of people who participate].? [that ~]???????a way??????

?involve ????????????ethical ?????violate ?????verify ?????representative ????approval ???????component ????

3??

??

??

20 ????????????

1?????

(A) deny??????????????? ??????accept??????????????????????????????????????????accepts??????(B) conflict????????? ??????correspond??????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????????????????????conflicts??????(C) abundance???????????????????insufficiency????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ???????abundance? ???????????? ?????

At some time in their lives most people pause toreflect [on their own moral principles] and [on thepractical implications of those principles], ~.???? and??????? [on ~]? reflect??????

The person will tend [to feel guilty when his or herown conduct violates that principle] and [to disapproveof others whose behavior conflicts with it].???? and???? [to feel ~]? [to disapprove ~]??? tend??????

?reflect on ?????????implication ??????justified ????violate ???????????disapprove of ?????????hold in esteem ??????

???

??

??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? Richard Brandt? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????????????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????

?? ???????????????????????????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????????

??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? BarryDiller? 1970?? ??? The Poseidon Adventure?? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????????ABC ???????? Diller?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? 330? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ????Diller? ??? ?

21??????????????

(A) easy??????????????difficult????????????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????easy??????(B) make money???? ????? ??????lose money????????????????????????????????????????losing??????(C) forget??????? ??????remember???????????????Diller? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????forgot??????????????????

It is sometimes easy [to get knocked off your targetby the other party during a negotiation].? It???????????[to get ~]??????????

~, he forgot about his primary goal making aprofitand got caught up in [what one CBS executive{who bid against him} called the fever of winning acompetition].? [what ~]????????{who ~}? one CBS executive??????

?negotiation ???get swept away ?????lose sight of ??????entrepreneur ????the hard way ??????????????bid for ???????represent ?????frantic ????

4?????

???

??

?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ???????????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? TV???? ? ??? ???? ?? ????????????????

? ?? ??? ??????? ??? TV ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? CBS ??????????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????avoid ?imitate?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????

[A young child {who looks up to an older brother,tries to imitate his mannerisms, and adopts hisinterests}] is one illustration. ? [A ~]? ??? ??????{who ~}? ???? A youngchild???????????????? looks??tries??adopts?and??????????????

[A young man {who drinks a particular brand ofbeer because he identifies with the macho image ofthe sportsmen promoting the product in TVcommercials}] is also being influenced by referentpower. ? [A ~]? ??? ??????{who ~}? ??? ???? Ayoung man??????

Recently, Raven has discussed the possibility ofnegative referent power, [which occurs when we wantto separate ourselves from a disliked or unappealingperson or group]. ? which? ???? negative referent power???[which ~]?negative referent power????????????

?relevance ?????????admire ???????????voluntarily ??????mannerism ???adopt ???????????????illustration ???unappealing ?????deliberately ???????????

???

???

??

T????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????? ???ips

????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????Raven?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????

22 ????????????

5?????????

????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ??lessens ? expands???? ??? ??????????????????????????

[Only by expanding beyond the early adopters to themuch larger mainstream communities] can it achieve thereturns to scale that enable the developers to recovertheir initial investments.? [Only ~]?????????????????????????????? can it??????

[Reaching larger user groups] in turn means that theprice of the product or service can be reduced.? [Reaching ~]? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????means????????????????

?mainstream ?????????in turn ?????????????cellular ???????????telephony ?????reliability ?????????imbed ???????? ???capture ????????in parallel with ?????????? ???deployment ??????

??

??

6???????????

(A) constrain????????? ??????disregard????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? constrains? ?? ???????(B) imitate???????????????eliminate?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? imitated? ???????(C) plausible????????????????groundless????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? plausible????????????????????

When the inventor then generates initial inventiondesigns, he often constrains the form of the inventionthrough implicit analogies to components of nature orexisting products [whose function matches orapproximates that of the intended invention]. ? [whose ~]????? existing products???????that? function???????

??

???????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? 1,000??? ???? ????????? ???????? 25??????????????????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????

T????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????? ???ips

???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????????????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????????????????????

23???????????????????

T??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????ips

Similarly, architects have made structuralinnovations through analogies [to our actions towardobjects] and [to the forces, tensions, and interactionswithin our skeletomuscular system].? to???????????? and??????????????

?generate ??????????initial ?????????implicit ??????????????analogy ????????????component ?????match ???????? ?????approximate ????????????model ??????????????craft ????????????albatross ???????structural ????????????????realm ???????joystick ?????????????

???

??????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

I had a science teacher in junior high school [whowanted me to go to the Bronx Science School], [whichwas the premier high school in the United States].? [who ~]? ????? a science teacher in junior highschool? ???? ?????[which ~]? the Bronx ScienceSchool??????????????

Though I was not doing [what he wanted me to do],he respected me enough to offer encouragement. ? [what ~]?????? was doing???????????????enough???to???????????????????????????

The impact of his words strengthened our bond andmade me work even harder to justify his faith in me. ? strengthened? made? and? ?? ??? ???? ?????????work?????made????????????

??

??

??

07?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 30? ?

???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?? Bronx ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??????2? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? Cont ??? ? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????????????? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ????????? ????????????????????????????

24 ????????????

1?????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ???Thisis nonsense?????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ????? ??????

Theres excited talk of {cloning and geneticengineering offering a marvelous boost to wildlifeconservation}, [a high-tech solution to our tendency todrive plant and animal species to extinction]. ? [a high-tech ~]? {cloning ~}???????????????

Conservation isnt just about saving a particularspecies; its about reducing our destructive impact onnatural systems [that are in increasing danger of beingunable to sustain themselves]. ? [that ~ ]????? natural systems???????

?clone ?????creature ????????????lose ones grip on ??????mammoth ????leave it at that ????????marvelous ??????????boost ??????????????????????wildlife conservation ???????contradict ??????????

???

???

?be in danger of ????????sustain ??????????????

2??????????

???????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????? ????

Most were deep in thought, [sitting almost trance-like in their bucket seats].? [sitting ~]??????? Most???????????????????

I wondered if they were feeling the same uneasiness[that I was feeling].? [that ~]????? the same uneasiness??????

?roar ??? ???????????????????airborne ??????????streak ?????leak ???cabin ????????????peer ?????aisle ???????somber ??????????????bucket seat ??????????????????hum ????????muted ????abruptly ????grin ??? ??????? ???nod ?????discomfort ???

??

??

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 32-33? ?

Massachusetts? ??? ? Advanced Cell Technology ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????1930??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????????????????

??? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????

25???????????????????

3??????? Evangeline??

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

All [that existed here] was the solemn spirit of thisdreary house.? [that ~]?????All??????

[Biting her lip], she began to run towards the stairs.? [Biting ~]??????? she???????????????????

?bang ??????echo ????????fingernail ???trail ???????shuffle ?????marble ????scan ????????solemn ?????????dreary ????goose bump ???fix ?????gaze ??????

???

???

? ?? ?? Evangeline ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????Evangeline? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ? ????????????

4???????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

After this he literally jumped out of the wheelchairto the surprise of me and his therapist.? ?to the?????????????of????????????????????????to ones????????????????????

I cant wait to see what he can do today!? ?cant wait to do???????????????????????????????????

?rehabilitation ???cross-legged ??????swing ????????hold up ???????????? ?????literally ????????????????jump out of ?????????therapist ??????? ????grin ??? ??????????????on ones own ??????????dunk ??????????beanbag ?????????

???

??

??? ??? ??????Marshall? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????????????????????????? ????????????? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?????? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????????????????????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??????????????????????

26 ????????????

5?????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????gaspingfor breath??? ??? ????????Suddenly pulling backmy hand in panic???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????inwide-eyed horror??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

[Bouncing off the rocky bottom of the reef], Iscratched my way towards the surface for air, [gaspingfor breath as my head broke the water].? [Bouncing ~]? [gasping ~]???? I?????????????????????

But when it got close enough for me to grab, Idiscovered that [what appeared to look like seaweed]was in reality a hideous creature!? [what ~]? that?????????????????

?reef ???gasp ???????leash ???????pitch ???????????dangle ?????hideous ?????????panic ??????cling to ???????grip ???

??

??

6?????????

??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? Jack???? ????? ??? ??????Id expected??? ????????none of those happened???????????????????found myself rather discouraged??? ?? ??????mourning the loss of~?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????? ????

Instead Jack brought home extravagantly wrappedpresents and a tree [that had to be topped in order to fit{under the high ceiling of our living room}].? [that ~]????? a tree???????in order to????????????????{under ~}????????????

Meanwhile, I found myself rather discouraged byhis preparation and mourning the loss of our previoussimple Christmas in Los Angeles.? discouraged?mourning??????????????????

?modest ?????????reception ??????????extravagantly ??????ceiling ???cater ???????????hors doeuvre ????????????horseradish ???????assorted ?????????trim ??????????mourn ???????????

???

??

?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ???????????????

????? ??? ?? Jack? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? Matt? Claire ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??Jack????????????????????????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? Matt? Claire? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????

27???????????????????

???????

???????????????? 10????? 1????????????????

Many fascinating and unique books have beencoming into the Springfield Public Library, ~. ? have been coming? ????????? ??? ?????????????????????

110???????????

??

08?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 34? ?

?????????2014? 9? 26??? 28???

Springfield ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? Springfield ?? ?????

???? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????????????????????

????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????????????????????? 1? ???? 4??????? 10? ???? 4??????? 1? ???? 4?

?????????????Springfield ??????Springfield, Commonwealth?? 353??

?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????

????????????????????????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? www.springfieldlibrary.

org????????

???????????????? 10? ???? 1?

??????????? 1? ???? 3?

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ?

? ?? 36-37? ?

Everyone who signs up will have to go through ourSPORT programing???????????? SPORT ???????????????????????????

Everyone who signs up will have to go through ourSPORT programing, [which is a drug and substanceabuse prevention program].? will have to????? ? ????? ??? ?????[which ~]? ??? ???? ?? ???? our SPORTprograming???????????

?introduce ???????????structured ?????gym ?????????????????sign up ?????go through ??????drug and substance abuse ????????prevention ???????registration form ??????completed ?????????send in ??????

2???????????????

???

10??????????????????????

Green Hills Community Center? 11??? 18???? 10?? ?? ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ???????Green HillsCommunity Center? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ?????????

?? ??? ?? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? SPORT ???? ??? ??? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????????????? 9? 1????????????????????

?? 2? 30????? 5? 30??????????????????Green Hills Community Center ?????www.greenhillscc.org??? ?? ?? ? ????????? ?? ???? 8? 20??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? Bill Krise?? 315-548-8484???

??????? bill?greenhillscc.org??????????

??????????????????2013? 3?????? 2013? 3?????? ???????? ?? ?????

?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?

28 ????????????

??????????? 80??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????

The proportion of management, professional, &related workers [who received paid sick leave] waslarger than the proportion of workers in that occupationgroup [who received paid vacations or paid holidays].? [who ~ leave]? management, professional, & relatedworkers? ???? ???????[who ~ holidays]?workers in that occupation group????????????

?paid leave benefit ???????occupation ???????????paid sick leave ?????transportation ????????????material moving ????????proportion ???provide ????????

3????? Discover Astronomy

??

?????????????????????????????? ???? ?? ??(PLUS, many more website extrasavailable only to subscribers!)?????????????

Each monthly issue includes [expert sciencereporting, vivid color photography, complete sky-eventcoverage, spot-on observing tips, informative telescopereviews, and more].? [expert ~]??? includes???????????

All of this comes in an easy-to-understand, user-friendly style [thats perfect for students at any level].? [thats ~]? ???? an easy-to-understand, user-friendly style???????

?astronomy ????stunning ?????? ??????????timely ???????????coverage ?????? ???the heavens ???spot-on ?????? ???telescope ????archive ?? ??????binoculars ????asteroid ????subscriber ??????????????cover price ?????? ??

4???????????

???

??

?? ?? ???????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ????????????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ???????? ? ??? ???? 80?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????????? ? ?? ??? ??? ? 80?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ????????????????????????

T??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????annual (paid)leave??????

???????????????? ?? ???ips

?????????????????????????????2012?

? ???? 2012?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????

???????????????????? ?? ???200?? ?? ????????????? ?? ?? ??????

?StarDome Plus??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????

????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????

????45??? 12?? ??85??? 24?? ??120??? 36????????????????? 10?????????????

?? discoverastronomy.com????????

Discover Astronomy????????????????

Discover Astronomy? ????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ????????????????????????????

29???????????????????

??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? 30.6%?? ????22.9%?? ????10.1%??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????? 33%??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

The provision of nursing homes was about twotimes more common in the South than in the Northeast.? ?????????????than???????????? ?????????

The share of residential care communities [providedin the South] surpassed the total share of residential carecommunities [provided both in the Midwest and in theNortheast] by a slight margin.? [provided ~ South]? ?? ?? residential carecommunities???????[provided ~ Northeast]????? residential care communities???????

?distribution ???????????long-term ??????????nursing home ????residential ????????????supply ????????????????sector ???????????geographic ?????????????????share ?????????????????surpass ?????????????????margin ????????????

???

???

?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????????? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ? ? ?? ? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??????????????????

T??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????ips

09?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 38? ?

???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????

????????????????????????????????????????????

The attributes [chosen more often by the Americanteachers {according to their preference order} than bythe Chinese teachers] were sensitivity, patience, andstandards.? [chosen ~]? The attributes? ???? ????according to????????????????????

For the Chinese teachers, patience was chosen least,[showing only less than 5 percent of the teachers].? [showing ~]????????????????????????

1?????????????

??

??

??????????????????????????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??

?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? 5????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ?? ????????? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ? ?????????? 10??????????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ?

? ?? 40~41? ?

???????????????????? ????????? ???? 1990??? 2008???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?

???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? 2008??? 50?????? ???? ????1990?? ????? ???? ? 55???????? ?????

??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? 2002??????????????2008???????????????????????????????? 2008???????????????????????????????

The most rapid decline in the poverty rate occurredin East Asia & the Pacific, [where the rate fell from morethan 50 percent in 1990 to less than 20 percent in 2008].? [where ~]? East Asia & the Pacific?????????????

?poverty rate ????gradually ???rapid ????occur ???????????steady ?????????thereafter ??????????drastic ?????????remain ??????????

2????

??

30 ????????????

2008??? ? 35?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? 1990??? 50?? ??? ??? 2008??? 20?????? ????????????? ???? ??? ??? 1990?? 2002? ???? ??????? ???? ???? 2008??? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???1990??? 2008??? 10????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????

?????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???

?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? 9??????????????????????????????

??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????? 1???????????????? 2?????????????????????? 3?????????????????????? 5?

????????????????????????????????????????????????

Students and parents need to be aware that thenumber of tardies allowed starts over every semester?not every nine weeks.? ?be aware that?????????????????????????allowed? the number of tardies???????

For the purposes of this policy, tardiness will beconsidered as not being in the classroom when the bellrings.? not???? being ????????????????

?cumulative ??????????compile ?????????????????excuse ???????????????????approve ?????administrator ???

3???????????

??

??

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Willen ?????????

??? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??????? ?? ?? ????????????????????

???? ????8? 6???7???8?????? 9???????Willen ?? ???????? 10???? 1???????8??16? ????????? 15??

4? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???

??????? 50??? ??? ? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????

????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????????????

??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????????????

?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??? ???????????????

31???????????????????

~ you will receive a certificate for completing the course??????????????????????????

You will start off kneeboarding and work your wayto standing up, [which makes it easier for absolutebeginners to complete the course].? [which ~]??????????????????????

You will be given everything [you need to getstarted, including a wet suit for waterskiing]!? [you ~]? ???? ??? ???? everything? ?????

?waterskiing ?????start off ??????????????kneeboarding ??????????????????absolute ????complete ???????????book ?????essential ?????a wet suit for waterskiing ??????experienced ?????????keep a record of ???????progression ???????certificate ???????

4??????????????????

???????? 2009?? 1991?????????????????????????1991?????????? 2009?

???

??

???????? ?????????

?? ???? 1989??? 2009?? ? ?? ??? ??? EU?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???? EU? 1989?? 20??????2009?? 40?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? 20?????? ??? ?????1995??? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1995? ?? ????? ???? ???????1991?? ?? ??? ??? 2009?? ??? ????????? ???1991?? 25?? ??????? ?? ??? 2009??? 25?? ?? ??? ????????? 2000??? ?? ?? ??? 20?????????? ? ??? 20???? ??????2009??? ? 24?? ?????

www.willenlake.com/holidayactivities?? ????? ???????

?????????????????????????

Koreas rate, [which ranked first until 1995],repeatedly fell and rose after 1995, but the highest rateof 1991 was fully recovered by 2009. ? ?? fell? rose? ??? Koreas rate????[which ~]?Koreas rate??????????????

Taiwan had been below 20 percent in itsinternational coauthorship rate until 2000, but its raterose to over 20 percent afterward, [reaching about 24percent in 2009].? [reaching ~]? its rate???????????????

?research article ?????coauthorship ???rank ???????????repeatedly ??????recover ?????exceed ?????????maintain ??????????

???

??

Tamsi ron? Transylvania???????????????????????????????????????????? ???he co-organized a meeting in Ti rgu Mureswhere the problems of Transylvanian Hungarians weregiven a critical presentation??????????????

[Called up for the army in 1916], Tamsi fought onthe Italian front in 1918, [where he distinguishedhimself in the battle of the Piave River].? [Called ~]??????????Tamsi???????? ????[where ~]? ???? the Italian front? ?? ?????

His most famous work is the bel trilogy about thefortunes of a Hungarian boy [living in a ruralenvironment in a Romania-ruled Transylvania after1919, then in Romania proper, and then in the UnitedStates].? [living ~]????? a Hungarian boy???????

?peasant ????????call ~ up for ? ???????????distinguish oneself ????????????unit ?????????take over ???????????graduate ???????????????journalist ????????trilogy ????????????????fortunes ??????rural ?????????Romania proper ???????critical ????????????????

2?????? Kula

???

??

32 ????????????

10?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 42? ?

???????? Alexander von Humboldt

Kosmos? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???Hislast work, Kosmos, was considered to be the best worldscientific work ever written.???????????

He [traveled to Europe, Russia, Central America,and South America] and [was a mainstay on expeditionsof the early 1800s {on which his diverse experiencesincluded exploring the Orinoco River, climbing Andeanvolcanoes, and measuring temperature and velocity inthe Peru Current}].? [traveled ~]? [was ~]? ? ??? and? ??????{onwhich ~}????? expeditions of the early 1800s???????

1?????????? Tamsi ron

??

Alexander von Humboldt? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????? Orinoco ??????????????????????????????????? ???? 1800?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? 30?? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ? ? ??? ??????1827?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? Kosmos???????????????????????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ?

? ?? 44~45? ?

Tamsi? Cluj? ?? Higher School of Economics?? ??????? ?????? ?????1926?? Tamsi???? ??jsg? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? 1919? ?? ???? ???? Transylvania??? ????????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? bel 3??????1935?? ?????? ?? ?? New Intellectual Front????? ???? ??? ??????1937?? Tirgu Mures?? Transylvania? ????????????????????????????

?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????

??? ???? ???? Tamsi ron? 1897?? Szekler??? ???? ??????1916?? ??? ??????Tamsi?1918??????????????????? Piave ???????????1918? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Transylvania? ????? ?1922??

33????????????????

kula ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ???Every act performed in the kula exchange wasregulated by traditional rules, customs, and conventions.????????????????

[What little trading was done] was essentiallybartering in kind, and this was confined largely toMelanesia and parts of Micronesia.? [What ~]????what??????????????????????

The necklaces were traded only clockwise and thebracelets counterclockwise in a trade route [thatextended over hundreds of miles in circumferencebetween the numerous islands {found in thisgeographical area}].? [that ~]????? a trade route????? {found ~}????? the numerous islands???????

?medieval ?????????barter ?????????????in kind ????confine ??????????merit ???????????? ????????????????article ??????????commodity ????????extend over ??????circumference ???????regulate ?????????????convention ?????????????permanent ?????alliance ??????

???

??

3???? atlatl

atlatl? 16???? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????????was used in some parts of the Americas regularlyuntil the sixteenth century???????????????

Essentially, the atlatl consists of [a wooden shaftwith a handle on one side] and [a cupped or notchedprotrusion on the other end, {into which the base of thespear is fitted}].? [a ~ side]? [a ~ fitted]?????????? and?????? {into which ~}? ???? which? ???? acupped or notched protrusion on the other end????

Accuracy is affected not only [by this motion] butalso [by such factors as spear length, wind, projectilepoint size, and atlatl design].? [by ~ motion]? [by ~ design]??????A?????B???????not only A but also B???????????

?range ?????????shaft ????????cupped ??????????? ????fit ?????????pitch ????????????overhand ????????????? ?????????????correctly ??????????accuracy ?????????projectile point ???people ????????????point ??????????employ ??????????

???

??

?? ????????? ?? Melanesia? Micronesia? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? Kula??Kula Exchange???? Kula Ring?? ???????? Papua New Guinea ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? ? ??? kula ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????kula ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????????????????????

30,000??????? atlatl??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????????????? atlatl?????????????? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? atlatl?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 100??????????????????????????????????? ?? ??????? atlatl? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????atlatl? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????????????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????16???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????????? atlatl????????????????????????????????

34 ????????????

4Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University???

Roosevelt College???? Roosevelt University??Auditorium Building? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???Roosevelt College (laterRoosevelt University) acquired the Auditorium Building in1946 and used the hotel floors for classes and offices whilethe theatre stood empty.????????????????

[Located inside the Auditorium Building with ahotel and restaurant], the Auditorium Theatre survivedthe decades partly because it would have been tooexpensive to demolish.? [Located ~]? the Auditorium Theatre? ?? ?????????????too ~ to ????????????????????????????????

The theatre closed in 1941, then reopened as arecreation center for soldiers during World War II, [witha bowling alley installed on the stage].? [with ~]? ?with???????????????????? ????????????????????

?assessment ???? ?????????theatre ????????demolish ????????????setback ???????????home ?? ??????????????bowling alley ????install ?????????restore ???????????

???

??

5??? Katsura Palace

??????? tatami???????????????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????The mainpalace is an open, timber-framed construction with simpletatami (rice-straw) matted rooms and elevated verandasfrom which to contemplate the changing seasons.????????????

The main palace is an open, timber-framedconstruction with simple tatami (rice-straw) mattedrooms and elevated verandas [from which tocontemplate the changing seasons].? [from which ~]????????????????to????????? elevated verandas??????

The garden arbors and pavilions [surrounding themain palace] are approached from a sequence ofcarefully staged routes.? [surrounding ~]? The garden arbors and pavilions????????????

?era ???????matted ?????????????contemplate ???????????pavilion ?????? ???understated ???????????manipulate ???????????blur ???????????????paving stone ?????????weathering ?????clip ??????????align ???????????polish ?????????? ???eccentricity ????????discreet ?????????????? ???aesthetic ??????????

??

??

???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????????Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University? ??Frank Lloyd Wright? ??????1886?? Louis Sullivan?Dankmar Adler? ?? ??? Auditorium? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ??Auditorium Building ?? ??? Auditorium Theatre? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????1923?? ??? ???? ??? ???????Chicago OperaCompany? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? 1929?? ? ?? ?????????? ??? 1941?? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??2? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????1946?? Roosevelt College???? Roosevelt University??Auditorium Building? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?1960??? Beatrice T.Spachner? Auditorium Theatre? ???? ??? ????????? 1967???????????? ??? 20?????????

Katsura Palace???????????? Kyoto??????? Katsura ? ??? ?????? ??? 16?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???? tatami????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????????????????

35?????? ???????????

????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

If we do sign up, we can no longer tell ourselves thatwe dont fly enough and it isnt worth the trouble; ~.? do? sign up??????????????????? tell????????we?????? tell????? ourselves??????

Having declined to join a fitness club located fiveminutes from our home, then changed our minds only todiscover that the clubs membership rolls are closed, werefuse to join ~.? Having declined? (having) changed? ????????only to??????????????????????????????

??

??

11?????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 46? ?

???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? 5? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? 5? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ? ???????? ??? 20? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????????????

1 ? 2 ? 3 ? 4 ? 5 ? 6 ?

? ?? 48-49? ?

1?????????????????

Hemingway? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????

~ he would write a story and then omit several pagesat the beginning, theorizing that something omitted canaffect the reader as if it were there.? it? ???? ?? something omitted????as if it werethere????????????????????????

Your knowledge [obtained through yourpreparation], even though unstated, will have a presenceand will affect the interview and the feeling developedby the interviewer.??????? Your knowledge? [obtained ~]???????????????????????? will have? willaffect????

?omit ???????????theorize ???????method ???apply to ???????convey ?????obtain ????????

2???????????

???

??

???????????????????????????? ??? ???? Ernest Hemingway? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? The Sun Also Rises?? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????????????????????

36 ????????????

1994??????????????????????????????? 1980?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

When you hear people outside of South Africatalk about the changes there, ~.? ???????????????????????? people outside ofSouth Africa? ??????????? talk? ????? ??????

But the current changes in South Africa can betraced back to the mid-1900s and earlier ? ?[tocourageous actions by people in prisons]; [tocommitted actions by some business leaders who sawapartheid as an economic disaster]; [