2bslidesthewarfortalent

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Macro Realities &Micro Considerations:

The Graduate Management Education Market in 2007

The ³War´ for Talent:

Early Career, Millennials, and Women



Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC®) 2008 Macro Realities and Micro Considerations

³Interest in the MBA and other graduate management

education programs continues to grow´

± Education Markets and Globalization

Demand remains strong

Prospective Student Pipeline




Worldwide GMAT ® Tests-Taken by Testing Year*

S ource: GMAT ® Interactive Profile

Testing Year runs July 1 through June 30

Ex: TY2002 covers the period from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002.

219,077

204,509

190,264

212,532

244,655

227,327

206,852200,503

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

220,000

240,000

TY2000 TY2001 TY2002 TY2003 TY2004 TY2005 TY2006 TY2007




Top 10 GMAT ® Testing Countries TY2007


Rank Country Tests-Taken Rank Country Tests-Taken

1 United States 117,321 1 United States 141,726

2 India 21,481 2 India 13,324

3 China 13,048 3 China 7,6634 Korea 6,811 4 Canada 6,933

5 Canada 6,400 5 Korea 5,459

6 Taiwan 5,218 6 Taiwan 4,187

7 Japan 3,417 7 United Kingdom 3,087

8 Israel 2,855 8 Japan 3,034

9 France 2,420 9 Israel 2,761

10 Thailand 2,091 10 France 2,246

by Citzenship by Testing Location




³Higher education is a mission-critical priority for a

number of countries«The result is that the benefits

of higher education are reaching a broader segment

of society´

± The ³War´ for Talent

Worldwide emphasis on learning

International Educational Attainment




S ource: OECD, Education at a Glance 2007. Table A.3.2

* Graduation Rates for Tertiary Type-A and Advanced Research Program Education

Graduation Rates for OECD Countries*

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

O E C

D A v e r a g e

E U 1 9 A

v e r a g e

A

u s t r i a

C z e c h R e

p u b l i c

G e r m a n y

G

r e e c e

J a p a n

P o

r t u g a l

S w e d e n

T

u r k e y

1995 2000 2005




OECD Education Attainment: 2005

% of population that has attained at least tertiary education*

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

O E C D

v

r

E U 1 9

v

r

s t r

l i s t r i

C z e c

R e p u b

l i c

e r r e e c e

J a p a n

M e

x i c

P r t u g a

l

S . K

r e a

S p a i n

S w e d e n

T u

r k e y

U n i t e d K i n g

d o m

AGE GROUP: 25-64 AGE GROUP: 25-34

S ource: OECD, Education at a Glance 2007. Table A.1.3a

* Tertiary Type-A and Advanced Research Program Education




³In the U.S., undergraduate enrollments are over 50

percent female, and women earn nearly half of all undergraduate business degrees. Yet while graduate

schools of medicine and law have had gender parity

for many years, graduate management programs

have rarely enrolled above 35 percent women«The

situation, however, is beginning to show

improvement´

- The ³War´ for Talent

Increased access and participation

U.S. Educational Attainment




U.S. Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollment:Gender Breakdown 2004-2005

S ource: National Center for Education S tatistics, Digest of Education S tatistics 2006. Table 190 and 191.

en

4 %Women

5 %

Under r duat e E nr ll ent Gr aduat e E nr ll ent

Men

40%

W en

60%




S ource: National Center for Education S tatistics, Digest of Education S tatistics 2006. Table 251.

U.S. Bachelor¶s Degrees Conferred

613,000

530,367526,131

491,696482,528

826,264

707,508

559,648

496,949

634,003

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Men Women





U.S. Bachelor¶s Degrees Conferred in Business

, 40

128, 21

121,663

132,284

127,467

155,634

127,549

116,284

104,815

112,232

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180

,000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Men Wo en




% of Bachelor¶s Degrees Conferred to Women

U.S. Bachelor¶s Degrees by Discipline: 2004 - 2005


22%

43%

45%

50%

50%

61%

65%

68%

78%

79%

20%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Engineering

Computer and Inf or mation Sciences

Arc

itectur e

Mat

ematics & Statistics

Business

Social Sciences & Histor y

Visual and Perf or ming Arts

Communications & Jour nalism

Englis

Language & Liter atur e

Psyc

ology

Education

`





U.S. Master¶s Degrees Conferred

233,590

191,792178,598

153,653143,390

341,028

265,264

170,648

142,861

219,031

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Men Wo en





U.S. Master¶s Degrees Conferred in Business

46,199

50,585

58,931

67,078

82,151

34,609

20,782

26,091

44,454

60,466

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Men Wo en




% of Master¶s Degrees Conferred to Women

U.S. Master¶s Degrees by Discipline: 2004 - 2005


29%

42%

44%

44%

51%

57%

67%

69%

77%

79%

22%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Engineering

Computer and Information ¡ ciences

¢ usiness

Mathematics £ ¡ tatistics

Architecture

¡ ocial ¡ ciences £ ¤

istory

Visual and¥

erforming Arts

Communications £ Journalism

English ¦ anguage £ ¦ iterature

Education

¥

sychology

`




Reasons Why Women May Not Pursue an MBA- Women¶s Responses -

S ource: Women and the MA: Gateway to Opportunity, 2000, by Catalyst and Center for the Education of Women at the University of Michigan

and Michigan Business S chool

21%

28%

28%

35%

38%

38%

41%

42%

45%

47%

56%

0% 25% 50% 75%

Does not prepare them to ork in professions here

they can benefit others *

refer careers that allo greater self -expression *

ess likely to see financial return on M A *

ess likely to be moti ated by money *

ack of confidence in math abilitites *

Fe role models for omen in the business orld andbusiness school faculty *




Law School Applicants

% of Female Applicants

S ource: American Bar Association; Applications for ABA-approved law schools

47.6%48.0%48.2%48.6%48.9%48.9%48.0%46.7%

45.4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005




S ource: Association of American Medical Colleges, Women in Academic Medicine S tatistics and Medical S chool Benchmarking 2004-2005

Medical School Applicants

% of Female Applicants

50.4%

46.6%

40.3%

29.5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1980-1981 1990-1991 2000-2001 2004-2005




³ rowing participation by women has been a major

driver of growth in college and university programs

worldwide.´


Rising Female Participation

Demographic Trends




S ource: OECD Online Education Database (excluding U.S . & Canada), Graduates of Tertiary Type-A and Advanced Research Programs

NCE S Digest of Education S tatistics 2007, Bachelors, Masters, & Doctors Conferred

OECD & U.S. Higher Education Graduates*

% Female Graduates

56.0%56.7%

57.1% 57.3% 57.5% 57.6% 57.6% 57.7%

48.0%

49.3%

50.9%51.7% 52.0%

53.1% 53.1%

54.3%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

United States

OECD Countries*




OECD & U.S. Higher Education Graduates in Business*

% Female Graduates

45.5%

46.3%

46.7% 47.0% 47.5% 47.6% 47.7% 47.6%

44.8%

47.1%

51.9%52.8%

54.7% 54.6%55.0% 55.2%

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

United tates

OECD Countries*

S ource: OECD Online Education Database (excluding U.S . & Canada), Graduates of Tertiary Type-A and Advanced Research Programs

NCE S Digest of Education S tatistics 2007, Bachelors, Masters, & Doctors Conferred




Ratio of Female to Male Enrollments

in Tertiary Education

S ource: World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI)

8994

12 512 9

13 2

13 9 14 0

99

70

Ind ia Japan China Mexico Austr alia Fr ance Br azil UK US

W rl er e = 105




Proportion of GMAT ® Exams Taken by Females

TY2003 & TY2007: by Citizenship


323

3

32

0 7

3 33 0373

0.0%

.0%

0.0%

.0%

0.0%

.0%

0.0%

.0%

0.0%

.0%

U.S.

& C r s & f Is s

Mi l st &f ric

L ti ric ,M ic , & t

C ri

TY 003 TY 007




Asian Citizens:



59%56%

23 %21 %

24 %

51 %

58%58%

28 %26 %

23 %

60 %

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

China Ind ia Japan S. Kor ea Taiw an Tha iland

TY2003 TY2007




European Citizens:



24%

20%19%

45%

27%29%

26%26%23%

48%

30%

36%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Fran e er any ree e Italy Spa in United

Kingdo

2003 2007




Latin American, Caribbean, and Mexican Citizens:



0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Ar ti r zil il l m i i r z l

2 00 3 TY2 00 7




Middle Eastern and African Citizens:



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

I r l L Ni ri Tur

TY 2 00 3 TY 2 00 7




U.S. and Canadian Citizens:



36.3%

40.9%

37.1%

41.3%

33%

34%

35%

36%

37%

38%

39%

40%

41%

42%

United tates Canada

TY2003 TY2007




³After a decade where the average age of graduate

management students increased, business schools

are beginning to see an influx of younger

applicants.´


A Younger Pipeline

Demographic Trends




Proportion of GMAT ® Examinees under 25 years old

TY2003 & TY2007: by Citizenship


2

23

25

33 7

22 5

2

33

373 2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

.S. & ur A s i & if i

Is l s

Mi l s t &

A f r i

L ti Amer i ,

Mex i , & t e

Car i ean

TY 2003 TY 2007




Asian Citizens:



5 %

%

%5%

%

2 %

%

%

%%

%

%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Chi I i S. K r iw hailand

TY 2 00 3 TY 2 00 7




European Citizens:



%%

%

%

%2%

2 %%

2%

%

%

5 %

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Fr ance Ger any Gr eece Italy S ain United

Kingdom

TY2003 TY2007




Latin American, Caribbean, and Mexican Citizens:



14%

6%

14%

12%

3%

8%9%

29%

7%

23%

19%

5%

16%

10%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Ar gentina Br azil Chile Colombia Mexico Per u Venezuela

TY2003 TY2007




Middle Eastern and African Citizens:



2

5

2

55

2

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Israel Kenya Lebanon Nigeria Turkey

TY 2003 TY 2007




U.S. and Canadian Citizens:



2 .

.

2 .

.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

nited States Canada

TY 2 00 3 TY 2 00 7




- Asia & Pacific

- Europe

- Latin America, Mexico, & the Caribbean

- Middle East & Africa

- U.S. & Canada

Appendix: Regional Classifications




Asia & Pacific

Asia

Brunei

Myanmar (Burma)

Hong Kong

Indonesia

Japan

Cambodia

Korea, D.P.R. of (North)Korea, Rep. of (South)

Laos

Macau (SAR of China)

Malaysia

Maldives

Mongolia

China, People¶s Republic

Philippines

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Taiwan

Thailand

Vietnam

Central Asia

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

NepalPakistan

Tajikistan

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Australia& Pacific Islands

American Samoa

Australia

Christmas Island

Fiji

Kiribati

Marshall IslandPapua New Guinea

New Zealand

Palau

Tonga

Samoa




Europe

E astern

E urope

Albania

Andorra

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Belarus

Croatia

Czech Republic

Estonia

Georgia

Hungary

Latvia

Lithuania

Macedonia, The F.Y.R. of

Moldova

Poland

RomaniaRussia

Slovakia

Slovenia

Ukraine

Yugoslavia

WesternE

uropeAustria

Belgium

Cyprus

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Malta

Monaco

Netherlands

Norway

PortugalSpain

Sweden

Switzerland

United Kingdom




Middle East & Africa

AfricaAlgeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burundi

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Chad

Congo, Republic of the

Egypt

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Gabon

Gambia, The

Ghana

Guinea

Cote D¶ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Kenya

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Madagascar

Malawi

Mali

Mauritania

Mauritius

Morocco

Mozambique

Namibia

Niger

Nigeria

Zimbabwe

Rwanda

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Somalia

South Africa

Sudan

Swaziland

Tanzania

Togo

TunisiaUganda

Burkina Faso

Congo, Dem. Rep. of the

Zambia

MiddleE

ast Bahrain

Gaza Strip

Iran

Iraq

Israel

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Syria

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

West Bank

Yemen




Latin America, Mexico, & the Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Bermuda

Bolivia

BrazilCayman Islands

Chile

Colombia

Costa Rica

Cuba

Dominica, Commonwealth

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

El Salvador

Grenada

Guatemala

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Jamaica

Mexico

Nicaragua

PanamaParaguay

Peru

St. Kitts

St. Lucia

St. Vincent and The Grenandines

Suriname

Trinidad and TobagoTurks and Caicos Islands

Uruguay

Venezuela




GMAC® pro ides information and data about the GME

industry that enables business schools to achie e

success. We are committed to assisting schools ith

facts and analyses to use in their deliberations.

For your questions or comments ± regarding the data,

findings, or methodology used in this information, please

email [email protected]

And, visit us online at www.gmac.com

For more information




The Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC®) is the

association of leading graduate business schools.

We ser e these schools and their prospecti e students through a idearray of products, ser ices, and programs, and e are a primary

resource for information about quality graduate management

education.

In addition, e o n the Graduate Management Admission Test®

(GMAT®) exam, the most reliable and idely used predictor of academic success in graduate business studies orld ide.

About GMAC ®

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