2d#mo&on#(projectile#motion# chapter#4#...projectile dropped from airplane in the fig, a rescue...
TRANSCRIPT
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2D mo&on -‐PROJECTILE MOTION Chapter 4
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Let’s talk about Unit 1 test
• Test Correc&ons acceptable before end of Monday 10/17. Anyone can get up to ½ the points lost .
• You will write: 1. What mistakes you made and why? 2. How you corrected them showing all steps. 3. Then you will meet with me to explain.
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Introduc&on
• Projec&le Mo&on: Mo&on through the air without a propulsion • Examples:
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Claim-‐ Evidence -‐Reasoning
Step 1 - In groups of 2 Claim something about the time of flight in the 2 cases you observe Step 2 – What evidence you have to support your Claim?
Step 3 – Reason why your evidence supports your claim. Hint: What remains same in the 2 cases ?
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Observe what happens to Vy as mo&on progresses
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Observe Vx now
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v0
x
y
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x
y
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x
y
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x
y
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x
y
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x
y
• Motion is accelerated
• Acceleration is constant, and downward
• a = -g = -9.81m/s2
• The horizontal (x) component of velocity is constant
• The horizontal and vertical motions are independent of each other, but they have a
common time
-g = -9.81m/s2
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vi
x
y
θ
v0x
v0y
Initial velocity: v0 = v0 [Θ]
Velocity components:
x- direction : v0x = v0 cos Θ
y- direction : v0y = v0 sin Θ
Initial position: x = 0, y = 0
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x
y
• Motion is accelerated
• Acceleration is constant, and downward
• a = -g = -9.81m/s2
• The horizontal (x) component of velocity is constant
• The horizontal and vertical motions are independent of each other, but they have a common time
a = g =
- 9.81m/s2
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ANALYSIS OF MOTION: ASSUMPTIONS
• x-direction (horizontal): uniform motion
• y-direction (vertical): accelerated motion
• no air resistance
QUESTIONS
• What is the trajectory?
• What is the total time of the motion?
• What is the horizontal range?
• What is the maximum height?
• What is the final velocity?
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Equations of motion:
X Uniform motion
Y Accelerated motion
ACCELERATION
VELOCITY
DISPLACEMENT
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Trajectory
x = v0 cos Θ t y = v0 sin Θ t - ½ g t2 Eliminate time, t
t = x/(v0 cos Θ)
y
x
Parabola, open down
y = v0xsinΘv0 cosΘ
−gx2
2v02 cos2Θ
y = x tanΘ− g2v0
2 cos2Θx2
y = bx + ax2
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Total Time, Δt
final height y = 0, after time interval Δt
0 = v0 Δt sin Θ - ½ g (Δt)2
Solve for Δt:
y = v0t sin Θ - ½ g t2
0 = v0 sin Θ - ½ g Δt
Δt = 2 v0 sin Θ
g t = 0 Δt
x
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Horizontal Range, Δx
final y = 0, time is the total time Δt
x = vi t cos Θ
Δx = vi Δt cos Θ
x
Δx
y
0 Δt =
2 vi sin Θ
(-g)
Δx =
2vi 2 sin Θ cos Θ (-g)
Δx = vi 2 sin (2 Θ) (-g)
sin (2 Θ) = 2 sin Θ cos Θ
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Horizontal Range, Δx
Δx = v02 sin (2 Θ) g
Θ (deg) sin (2 Θ) 0 0.00
15 0.50
30 0.87
45 1.00
60 0.87
75 0.50
90 0
• CONCLUSIONS:
• Horizontal range is greatest for the throw angle of 450
• Horizontal ranges are the same for angles Θ and (900 – Θ)
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Trajectory and horizontal range
y = x tanΘ− g2v0
2 cos2Θx2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80
15 deg30 deg45 deg60 deg75 deg
v0= 25 m/s
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Velocity
• Final speed = initial speed (conservation of energy)
• Impact angle = - launch angle (symmetry of parabola)
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Cannonball to pirate ship Figure shows a pirate ship 560 m from a fort defending a harbor entrance. A defense cannon, located at sea level, fires balls at initial speed . At what angle from the horizontal must a ball be fired to hit the ship? What is the Max Range of the Cannon ball?
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Projectile dropped from airplane In the Fig, a rescue plane flies at 198 km/h (= 55.0 m/s) and constant height toward a point directly over a victim, where a rescue capsule is to land. 1. What should be the angle of the pilot's line of sight to the victim when the capsule release is made?
2. As the capsule reaches the water, what is its velocity in unit-vector notation and in magnitude-angle notation?
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Projec&le Mo&on – Final Equa&ons
Trajectory Parabola, open down
Total time
Δt =
Horizontal range
Δx =
Max height
hmax =
(0,0) – initial position, vi = vi [Θ]– initial velocity, g = -9.81m/s2
2 v0 sin Θ g
v0 2 sin (2 Θ)
g
v02 sin2 Θ
2g
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PROJECTILE MOTION -‐ SUMMARY
• Projec&le mo&on is mo&on with a constant horizontal velocity combined with a constant ver&cal accelera&on
• The projec&le moves along a parabola