EHV AC Substations : Layout, Equipment, Bus arrangements1.0 Contents:a) PURPOSEb) CLASSIFICATIONSc) VOLTAGE CLASS & RATINGSd) Bus switching schemese) SLD & La !utsf) SUBSTATION E"UIP#ENTS.g) GIS 2.0 Purpose:1.1The su$stati!ns a%e &e% much essentia' t! a) E&acuate (!we% )%!m gene%ating stati!ns* b) T%ansmit t! the '!a+ cente%s*c) Dist%i$ute t! the uti'ities & u'timate c!nsume%s*,*-* The E'ect%ica' (!we% gene%ati!n )%!m .+e'/ The%ma'/ Nuc'ea% an+ !the%gene%ating stati!ns has t! $e e&acuate+ t! '!a+ cente%s* The gene%ati!n &!'tage is 'imite+ t! ,01,2 3V +ue t! the 'imitati!n !) the %!tating machine%* This $u'4 (!we% has t! $e ste((e+ u( t! highe% &!'tages +e(en+ing !n 5uantum !) (!we% gene%ate+ an+ +istance t! the '!a+ cente%s*Again the (!we% has t! $e ste((e+ +!wn t! +i6e%ent '!we% &!'tages )!% t%ansmissi!n an+ +ist%i$uti!n* ,*7 In $etween the (!we% h!uses an+ u'timate c!nsume%s a num$e% !) T%ans)!%mati!n an+ switching stati!ns ha&e t! $e c%eate+*These a%e gene%a'' 4n!wn as su$8stati!ns 3.0 CLASSIFICATIONS 7*,* Acc!%+ing' the su$stati!ns a%e c'assi9e+ as a: Gene%ating su$stati!ns ca''e+ as ste( u( su$stati!ns $: G%i+ su$stati!nsc: Switching stati!ns+: Sec!n+a% su$stati!ns7*,* The gene%ating su$stati!ns a%e ste( u( stati!ns as the gene%ati!n &!'tage nee+s t! $este((e+ u( t! the (%ima% t%ansmissi!n &!'tage s! that huge $'!c4s !) (!we% can $e t%ansmitte+ !&e% '!ng +istances t! '!a+ cente%s* 7*-The g%i+ su$stati!ns a%e c%eate+ at suita$'e '!a+ cente%s a'!ng the (%ima% t%ansmissi!n 'ines* 7*7Switching stati!ns a%e (%!&i+e+ in $etween 'ength (%ima% t%ansmissi!n 'ines;a) T! a&!i+ switching su%ges* b) F!% eas seg%egati!n !) )au't * Sec!n+a% su$stati!ns a%e '!cate+ at actua' '!a+ (!ints a'!ng the sec!n+a% t%ansmissi!n 'ines whe%e the &!'tage is )u%the% ste((e+ +!wn t!;a) Su$ t%ansmissi!n &!'tagesb) P%ima% +ist%i$uti!n &!'tage*c) Dist%i$uti!n su$stati!ns a%e c%eate+ whe%e the su$8t%ansmissi!n &!'tage an+ (%ima% +ist%i$uti!n &!'tage a%e ste((e+ +!wn t! su((' &!'tage an+ )ee+ the actua' c!nsume%s th%!ugh a netw!%4 !) +ist%i$uti!n an+ se%&ice 'ine4.0.VOLTAGE CLASS AND RATINGSGene%a'' the )!''!wing &!'tage c'ass su$stati!ns (%e&ai'ing in In+iaa) ?*? 3V/ ,, 3V/ --3V*8888888888P%ima% +ist%i$uti!nV!'tageb) 77 4V/??3V/ ,,@1,7-3V/88888888.igh &!'tagec) --@1-7@3V / >@@ 3V/ A?0 4V8888888888E=t%a high V!'tage.0PLANNING OF S!"STATION INSTALLATION 0*,The (%!cess !) ('anning su$8stati!n insta''ati!ns c!nsists ina) Esta$'ishing the $!un+a% c!n+iti!ns*b) De9ning the ('ant c!nce(t/ t(e/ & P'anning (%inci('es*0*- The $!un+a% c!n+iti!ns a%e g!&e%ne+ $ )!''!wing en&i%!nmenta' ci%cumstances &a&ai'a$i'it !) the 'an+ in the %e5ui%e+ ('ace*a) L!ca' c'imatic )act!%sb) InBuence !) en&i%!nmentc) The !&e%a'' (!we% sstem &!'tage 'e&e'd) Sh!%t ci%cuit %atinge) A%%angement !) neut%a' (!intf) The )%e5uenc !) !(e%ati!ng) The %e5ui%e+ a&ai'a$i'it !% %e'ia$i'ith) Sa)et %e5ui%ementsi) S(eci9c !(e%ating c!n+iti!ns #.0. T$pes o% su&st't(ons:a) Out +!!%8 C!n&enti!na' Ai% insu'ate+ su$stati!ns CAIS:b)In +!!% su$stati!nsc:C!m(%esse+ Ai% insu'ate+d)Gas insu'ate+ su$stati!ns CGIS :?*, The t(es !) Su$ Stati!ns +e(en+s u(!n;a) The a&ai'a$i'it !) the 'an+ in the %e5ui%e+ ('ace*b) En&i%!nmenta' c!n+iti!ns*).0. Su&*St't(on En+(neer(n+. A*,*The Su$ Stati!n Enginee%ing c!m(%ises/a) Su$8stati!n site se'ecti!n b) Bus Switching schemes* c: Bus8Ba%;i. T(e*ii. Si