2g huawei sw and feature information collection.xlsx

Introduction

This document defines and describes the NSN recommended relevant features used for service projects globally.

Sheet:

1.3 Scope

System version

1.4 Revision history

v 1.0

v 2.0

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Sheet description

Basic 2G Huawei Features

Optional 2G Huawei Features

This document defines and describes the NSN recommended relevant features used for service projects globally.

Description:

Huawei GBSS12.0 release

First version of Huawei recommended relevant features documentation issued - GBSS9.0.

Sheet contains NSN recommended Huawei basic features to be evaluated. Column "Feature Relation": N=new, E=enhanced, M=no change.

Sheet contains NSN recommended Huawei optional features to be evaluated. Column "Feature Relation": N=new, E=enhanced, M=no change.

Second version of Huawei recommended relevant features documentation issued - GBSS12.0. New column "Description" added.

Notes:

Rev. date: Author: Document owner:

April 8, 2010 Christos Kyriazopoulos Ville Salomaa

December 20, 2010 Christos Kyriazopoulos Ville Salomaa

Nokia Siemens NetworksGS Managed Services/Capability Management

Basic Huawei Features

2G

Feature Name Feature CodeSystem ImprovementGBSS12.0 System Improvement GBFD-1100013GPP Protocol Compliance GBFD-110030Radio Service FunctionFrequency Band GBFD-110101Telephone Service (TS11) GBFD-110201Emergency Call Service (TS12) GBFD-110202Point To Point Short Message Service (TS21,TS22) GBFD-110203G3 Fax (TS61,TS62) GBFD-110204Bearer Service GBFD-110205Mobility ManagementLocation Updating GBFD-110301IMSI Detach GBFD-110302Paging GBFD-110303Authentication GBFD-110304HUAWEI I Handover GBFD-110601Direct Retry GBFD-110607SDCCH Handover GBFD-110608Basic Cell Selection GBFD-110401Basic Cell Re-selection GBFD-110402Connection ManagementCall Control GBFD-110501Assignment and Immediate Assignment GBFD-110502Call Reestablishment GBFD-110503TCH Re-assignment GBFD-112501Radio Resource ManagementTRX Management GBFD-111001Radio Link Management GBFD-111002Radio Common Channel Management GBFD-111003Radio Dedicated Channel Management GBFD-111004Enhanced Channel Assignment Algorithm GBFD-111005Operation and MaintenanceConfiguration Management MRFD-210301Performance Management MRFD-210302Inventory Management MRFD-210303Faulty Management MRFD-210304Security Management MRFD-210305DBS Topology Maintenance MRFD-210309BTS/NodeB Software USB Download MRFD-210310O&M of BTS GBFD-111202

O&M of BSC GBFD-111203BTS Test Function GBFD-111207Integrated Network Management Interface GBFD-111210Man Machine Language (MML) GBFD-116501Software ManagementBSC/RNC Software Management MRFD-210401BTS/NodeB Software Management MRFD-210402Remote Upgrade of the BSC&BTS Software GBFD-111213License Management MRFD-210403GBSS Network ArchitectureBTS Combined Cabinet GBFD-111501BTS Hybrid Cabinet Group GBFD-111502BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing GBFD-118801Star Topology MRFD-210204Chain Topology MRFD-210205Tree Topology MRFD-210206Connection Inter BSC over IP GBFD-118621System ReliabilityBoard Switchover GBFD-111701GSM Flow Control GBFD-111705Remote EAC Maintenance GBFD-112301Operation & Maintenance System One-Key Recovery GBFD-111214Reporting the Temperature List of the BTS Equipment Room GBFD-111211System Redundancy MRFD-210101Operate System Security Management MRFD-210102Link aggregation MRFD-210103BSC/RNC Resource Sharing MRFD-210104Intelligent Shutdown of TRX Due to PSU Failure GBFD-117804Basic featuresAdjustment of Adaptive Timing Advance GBFD-110901Processing of Measurement Report GBFD-110801Pre-processing of Measurement Report GBFD-110802System Information Sending GBFD-111101Forced System Information Sending by OMC GBFD-111102Supporting Three-Digit MNC GBFD-111901Support of Daylight Saving Time GBFD-116101SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment GBFD-113001Cell Frequency Scan GBFD-112401STP (Signaling Transport Point) GBFD-11180614-Digit Signaling Point Code GBFD-111802Interface Message Tracing MBFD-210801User Signaling Tracing MBFD-210802Cell Tracing GBFD-112203LAPD Multiplexing at Abis Interface GBFD-111301Discontinuous Reception (DRX) GBFD-114802

BTS Power Management GBFD-111601Enhanced Power Control Algorithm GBFD-110703Interface FeaturesAter Interface 4:1 Multiplexing GBFD-111801Gb Interface Function GBFD-119001A Interface Circuit Management GBFD-111803A Interface Protocol Process GBFD-111804A Interface Occupation Rate Monitoring GBFD-111805PS Services FeaturesPacket Channel Combination Type GBFD-119101Packet System Information GBFD-119102MS Types GBFD-119103MAC Mode GBFD-119104RLC Mode GBFD-119105Coding Scheme GBFD-119106Networking Control Mode GBFD-119107Network Operation Mode Support GBFD-119108QoS (Best Effort) GBFD-119109Access GBFD-119110Assignment GBFD-119111Paging GBFD-119112Timing Advance Update GBFD-119113Power Control GBFD-119115Packet Uplink Flow Control GBFD-119116Flow Control on Gb Interface GBFD-119117Antenna System SolutionConnection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) MRFD-210601Remote Electrical Tilt MRFD-2106022-Antenna Receive Diversity MRFD-210604Synchronization MechanismBTS/NodeB Clock MRFD-210501BSC/RNC Clock MRFD-210502

Maintainability and TestingVoice Fault Diagnosis GBFD-119301DocumentationDocumentation MRFD-210701

Feature Relation Description

N No description availableE No description available

M P-GSM900 band, E-GSM900 band, R-GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, PCS1900 band, GSM850 bandM Telephone service is a basic speech service specified in GSM specifications.M Huawei GSM BSS supports the emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications and provides higher priority for the emergency call service.M Short Message Service between 2 subscribers.M The G3 fax feature is a value-added mobile data service that allows MSs to send and receive the voice fax.M GSM supports the traditional circuit switched data (CSD) services and the data services of multiple rates.

M When an MS moves from one location area to another, it must register the new location information on the network. That is, when the MS finds that the LAI stored in the SIM is different from the LAI of the serving cell, it must notify the network to update the stored location area information about the MS. This procedure is called location area update.M The IMSI attach/detach procedure informs the MSC/VLR whether the MS can be reached.M Through the paging process, an MS is instructed to access the network to complete call connection.M Authentication is a procedure in which the GSM network verifies the validity of the identity of an MS, that is, verifies the validity of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) or Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) transmitted over the Um interface.M Huawei's proprietary handover algorithm.M If no TCH is available in the serving cell during the MS access process, the directed retry procedure is performed in order to set up the call in a TCH of another cell.M SDCCH handover is a process in which the MS is handed over from an SDCCH to another SDCCH in an immediate assignment.M When an MS is switched on or enters the network coverage area, it scans all the carrier frequencies permitted by the PLMN and selects a suitable cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell selection.M After an MS selects a suitable cell as the serving cell, it continues to monitor all the BCCH carrier frequencies specified in the neighboring cell frequency list (BA1 list), in order to find a better cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell reselection.

M Call control is a basic feature for an operator to provide the CS services. With call control, the BSS provides the MS with radio resources and terrestrial circuits for making a call and helps the MSC during the whole call handling process.M When the MS initiates a call, the BSC needs to assign an SDCCH or a TCH (the TCH is used for signaling) according to the specific call establishment cause. This procedure is called immediate assignment. After receiving a channel request from the MS, the MSC sends the BSC an Assignment Request message, instructing the BSC to assign a suitable channel to the MS. The channel to be assigned must meet the requirements of the MSC and MS, such as the channel type, speech version, and MS frequency capability. This procedure is called assignment.M When the MS encounters a radio link failure during the call, the call reestablishment procedure can be used to reestablish the radio link connection so that the original call can proceed.M TCH re-assignment is a process through which the BSC re-assigns a TCH to the MS, after the assignment of a TCH to the MS fails and the MS returns to the SDCCH.

M TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.M Radio link management involves nine procedures: link establishment indication, link establishment request, link release indication, link release request, transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, and link error indication.M Radio common channel management involves the management of common control channels such as PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH. Radio common channel management is a basic feature for the operators to provide CS speech services.M Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release, management, and reporting of dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH. These procedures work together to establish, maintain, and release radio links.M Huawei channel allocation algorithm is used to allocate a suitable channel to the radio service and to adjust the channel as required.

E Huawei provides the common configuration management of the MBSC for the GSM Base Station Subsystem (GBSS) system and the Radio Access Network (RAN) system. With configuration management, configuration data can be securely and accurately transmitted to service boards and can then take effect.E Performance management involves the periodical collection, gathering, saving, inspection, and analysis of the counters regarding management objects, resource bearer functions, and features, thereby helping operators understand the overall conditions of the network. This feature enables operators to identify and rectify a problem at the earliest possible time, and thereby optimizes the network.M With the inventory management feature, the M2000 provides the centralized management of the information about the physical assets and the the software and patch versions of the devices on the network, thus providing the operator with a uniform and easy method of inventory management. For example, the feature helps the operator to manage the remaining assets or trace the information about the faulty board such as the batch number.E The fault management feature supports auto monitoring of the network devices. The operator can learn the actual status of the network through the alarm list and log. In addition, the operator can manually enable the board test function, which can help the operator to quickly locate the faulty board.M The security management feature of the BSC6900 involves: User security, Security of OMU operating system, Data redundancy backup, User authentication failure timeout alarm.M The distributed base station (DBS) supports the automatic scan of the RRU topology. The LMT provides the topology maintenance for the distributed base station. The DBS topology maintenance feature provides convenient OM functions for the DBS. The functions supported by this feature are as follows: 1. The topology of the distributed base station is displayed in a visualized way, 2. Different colors are used to indicate the status of each BBU, RRU, and CRPI link, 3. The BBU or RRU can be selected directly on the display for maintenance.M This function enables the software upgrade to be performed through the USB disk without using a portable computer.M The BTS O&M involves the following operations: query, loading, and activation of software versions; query of site attributes; query of the usage of different resources; transmission performance test; reset in levels; environment monitoring; alarm shielding; query of ring networking parameters.

M The O&M of BSC feature provides the following functions: 1. Secure and reliable configuration management, 2. Accurate and effective alarm management, 3. Comprehensive counter report, 4. Flexible and configurable signaling and user message tracing and commissioning, 5. Classified log management.M BTS test function involves site test, baseband test, baseband idle timeslot test, TCH loopback test, transmission performance test, CRC, and BTS antenna fault detection.M GBSS products access Huawei mobile integrated network management system (NMS) iManager M2000 through the integrated network management interface.M MML commands are used for NE operation and maintenance. The BSS supports NE operation and maintenance by running MML commands on the M2000 or LMT.

M Huawei MBSC supports the uniform software management of GBSS and RAN, thus facilitating the remote management of the MBSC software and improving the efficiency of software upgrade and data downloading. With this feature, users can implement the following operations on the M2000: 1. Querying the software version and its status, 2. Uploading, downloading, and activating the program files, patch files, and license files, 3. Using the OMU of the MBSC as the FTP server and transmitting files such as program files and patch files between the FTP server and FTP client, 4. Using the MBSC as the transmission medium to transmit files between the M2000 and the MBTS.E The BTS/NodeB software management feature enables the operator to remotely manage the software installation and upgrade of the MBTS. This feature supports enhanced functions such as automatic change of the signaling bandwidth, software download based on the configuration, software download resumption, download and activation of software in batches, and hot patching.M Remote upgrade of BSC software is a process in which the BSC software is remotely upgraded through the M2000. Multiple BSCs can be upgraded in batches. Remote upgrade of BTS software is a process in which the BTS software is remotely upgraded through the M2000. Multiple BTSs can be upgraded at a time.M The license management controls the overall capability (capacity and functions) of the authorized services of the authorized NEs (MBSC, BTS, and NodeB). The license management is implemented through the software. To use certain enhanced functions and services, users have to purchase specific licenses.

M When a single BTS cabinet cannot meet the large capacity requirement, combined cabinets can be used to expand the capacity. If combined cabinets still cannot meet the capacity requirement, cabinet groups can be used to expand the capacity.M A hybrid cabinet group can combine cabinets of different BTS types in the same cabinet group.M With the BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing feature, common standardised cabinets and subracks are provided to implement different network elements of Access and Core networks.M In a star topology, each MBTS is directly connected to the MBSC through a transmission link.M In a chain topology a number of BTSs are connencted with each other through transmission links in a serial manner forming a chain of BTSs. The first BTS in the chain is connected to the BSC. The number of levels of MBTSs in a chain topology should not exceed five.M Tree topology is a combination of star and chain topologies.M The Connection Inter BSC over IP feature enables operators to use the IP network for inter-BSC interconnection so that the BSCs can communicate with each other directly. Note that the Connection Inter BSC over IP feature supports only the signaling exchange between BSCs. It does not support the exchange of voice services or data services between BSCs.

M For the boards that are configured in the active/standby mode, a switchover can be performed between the active and standby boards when the active board is faulty.M Flow Control implements the detection and precautionary measures to reduce the risks of the BSS overload. Once overload occurs, the BSC restricts and controls the incoming services such as prohibiting incoming calls and certain auxiliary functions. In this manner, the load of the BSS quickly restores to the normal state. Flow Control aims at keeping the traffic load within the range of the dimensioned capacity, stabilizing the system operation, and ensuring the highest possible traffic volume.M The EAC board monitors the environment and power supply in the equipment room to ensure the security of physical devices. The Environment Monitor Unit (EMU) board is an enhanced EAC board. It monitors the environment (through temperature, humidity, water, and smoke sensors), illegal intrusion (through infrared and door status sensors), and power supply.M This feature reduces the complexity of the backup and recovery of the operating system and of the configuration data of the OMU board.M With this feature, the temperature in the BTS equipment room can be reported to the BSC at specified intervals in a specific period.M The system redundancy feature provides the reliability designs such as the active/standby mode, load sharing, and redundancy configuration, thus improving the system reliability.M The operating system security management feature provides system security management such as operating system anti-virus, operating system security enhancement, and operating system patching.M Link aggregation enables multiple physical links to be bound to form a logical link. That is, multiple links are aggregated to form a link aggregation group (LAG), which can be considered as an independent link in an upper-layer application perspective.M BSC/RNC Resource Sharing provides resource sharing of the control plane and of the user plane. Control plane resource sharing is used to share the CPU usage and memory. When the CPU usage of a certain control plane unit (CP unit) is too high or when the memory of a certain CP unit is insufficient, a new call is transferred to other CP units with low load. If a certain user plane unit (UP unit) is overloaded, a new service is transferred to other UP units with low load.M With this function, when one or several PSUs are faulty, the BTS shuts down the power amplifiers of the TRXs that consume excessive electricity, based on the power supply capability of the PSUs that work properly. In this manner, the rest of TRXs continue to work normally, thus minimizing the impact of service disruption.

M To compensate for transmission delay jitter, the MS must transmit signals to the BTS by a certain time period in advance. The time period is referred to as a Timing Advance (TA). An MS in dedicated mode must transmit signals in an appropriate TA. Otherwise, the synchronization between the MS and the BTS loses. In the GSM system, adjustment of adaptive timing advance is applied to ensure that each MS in dedicated mode uses an appropriate TA.M Measurement report processing involves measurement report interpolation and filtering.M The processing of the MRs is done by the BTS.M System information involves main radio network parameters on the Um interface, including network identity parameters, cell selection parameters, system control parameters, and network function parameters. Based on the received system information, an MS can properly select and access a radio network. Then, it can gain access to all types of service provided by the network. SI is sent by the BSC periodically in all cells of the network.M Forced System Information Sending by OMC is a feature through which the system is made to send system information to a certain cell and the MSs camping on the cell.M Huawei BSC starting from BSC6000V900R008 supports three-digit MNC.M Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a way of getting more light out of the day by advancing clocks by one hour during the summer.M Dynamic SDCCH conversion is triggered when the requested SDCCH is not allocated to the MS. This procedure involves converting a TCHF to the SDCCH and reverting the SDCCH to the TCHF.M Cell frequency scan is a feature through which a specific frequency is scanned by using a certain channel to obtain the uplink signal levels on the frequency. Cell frequency scan provides references for engineers to select proper frequencies. The interference of each frequency is important references for network optimization.M The STP feature enables the transfer of signaling messages between signaling points.M In an SS7 network, each device is regarded as a signaling point (SP), and each SP has an identical signaling point code (SPC). SPs communicate with each other through SPC. The SPC coding modes vary from one country/area to another. Generally, three coding modes are available, namely, 14-bit, 16-bit, and 24-bit modes. Huawei BSC6900 supports all SPC modes.M Interface message tracing is a feature through which interface messages can be traced in online mode and reviewed in offline mode.M Single user tracing is performed by entering the characteristic identities of the MS on the LMT or the NMS. The characteristic identities include IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, and IMEI.M With the Cell Tracing feature, the signaling of a maximum of 16 users over the A interface, Abis interface, or Um interface of a specified cell can be traced at a time.M LAPD multiplexing refers to the multiplexing of the LAPD signaling on the E1 timeslots over the Abis interface.M An MS in idle mode detects only the paging channels within a specific paging group. When other paging groups send paging messages to an MS, the MS blocks the receive channel.

M BTS Power Management supports hierarchical power-off and voltage abnormal protection. The BTS Power Management feature enhances power management and self-protection of the BTS, thus improving the reliability of the system and prolonging the lifespan of products and the serving time of the system.M Huawei's proprietary power control algorithm.

M Huawei BSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface by means of the TC (TRAU). That is, the four timeslots on the E1 of the A interface can be multiplexed onto a timeslot on the Ater interface by means of the TC. In this process, the previous PCM frame of 64 kbit/s can be converted into the TRAU frame of 16 kbit/s, and therefore reducing the required transmission bandwidth.M The Gb interface is an interface between the SGSN and the BSS. On this interface, the SGSN communicates with the BSS and the MS and performs packet data transfer, mobility management, and session management. The Gb interface is a standard interface. It is mandatory for the GPRS network.M A Interface Circuit Management, which involves circuit assignment, circuit block, circuit unblock, group circuit block, group circuit unblock, circuit unequipped, and circuit reset, controls the operation and maintenance on a single circuit or on the entire PCM group circuits for the terrestrial circuit equipment. A Interface Circuit Management applies to only the TDM network.M The A Interface Protocol Process feature involves the processing of the DTAP and BSSMAP protocols. The processing of A interface signaling and protocol of Huawei GSM BSS is compliant with international standard protocols, and thus Huawei GSM BSS equipment can interconnect with the MSC from other vendors.M This feature monitors the real-time status and usage of the circuits on the A interface and TC resources through performance measurement.

M According to 3GPP TS 43.064, packet data logical channels are classified into packet broadcast control channel (PBCCH), packet common control channel (PCCCH), packet data traffic channel (PDTCH), and packet dedicated control channel (PDCCH). Huawei BSC supports 3 different combination types of packet channels: Combination 1, Combination 2 and Combination 3.M Packet system information (PSI) includs all necessary information for the MS to access and operate within a GPRS network.M MS types supported by Huawei BSC. Class A, Class B and Class C are suported.M The MAC layer defines and allocates the logical channels on the Um interface so that these channels can be shared by several MSs. It also maps the LLC frames to the physical channels. When several MSs attempt to send packet data simultaneously, the MAC layer performs arbitration and provides the collision avoidance, detection, and recovery procedures. The MAC layer also allows an MS to occupy different timeslots of several physical channels. The BSC supports two MAC modes: dynamic allocation and extended dynamic allocation. Dynamic allocation is generally used for the downlink preferred service or neutral service. Extended dynamic allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput.M The radio link control (RLC) layer is responsible for assembling and disassembling LLC PDUs. By using a sliding window protocol, the RLC layer exchanges data with the peer entity in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode. The size of the sliding window for GPRS is 64, and that for EGPRS ranges from 64 to 1,024. In acknowledged mode, each data block in a TBF must be acknowledged by the peer end. If the data block is unacknowledged, it needs to be retransmitted. The TBF is released only after all the data blocks are transmitted and acknowledged. In unacknowledged mode, the data block need not be acknowledged by the peer end. If a data block is lost or erroneously transmitted, it is replaced with padding bits. The TBF is released as long as all the data blocks are transmitted. The BSC supports both acknowledged mode and unacknowledged mode at the RLC layer. For uplink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the request of the MS. For downlink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the type of LLC PDUs.M Coding Schemes supported. GPRS: CS1-4, EGPRS: MCS1-9.M There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows: 1. In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network. 2. In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the network. 3. In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the network.M To coordinate the paging of CS services and PS services, three network operation modes are defined for the GPRS network: Network Operation Mode I, Network Operation Mode II, Network Operation Mode III.M Support of QoS mechanisms for BE services.M When the MS needs to transmit data, it initiates packet access at the RLC/MAC layer. Based on the service types and the support capability of the MS, the packet access is classified into the following types: 1. One phase packet access, 2. Two phase packet access or a single block packet access.M When the network or MS requests to establish a TBF for data transmission, the GSM/GPRS network assigns channels for the TBF or rejects the request based on available network resources and the multislot capability of the MS.M In the GPRS/GSM system, paging consists of PS paging and CS paging.M The GPRS timing advance (TA) procedure is used to extract the correct TA value so that the network can correctly receive the radio blocks from the MS. The GPRS TA is classified into two types: 1. Initial TA estimation, 2. Continuous TA update. The BSC estimates an initial TA value based on a single access burst requesting a packet channel. Then, the BSC sends the estimated TA value to the MS through a Packet Uplink Assignment or a Packet Downlink Assignment message. Before the TA value is updated, the MS transmits data in the uplink based on the initial TA. The MS in packet transfer mode must update the TA value continuously. The TA value is transmitted on the packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH) that is assigned to the MS.M The BSC performs uplink open loop power control and downlink closed loop power control of MS PS services.M If excessive MSs apply for the GPRS resources within cells or BSCs at the same time, the GPRS resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested. The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including paging response messages) that are initiated by the MS and to delay the response to these service requests.M The BSC supports the downlink flow control of the BVC and MS. It reports associated parameters to the SGSN on a regular basis.

M Installed on the tower top, a TMA is a device for amplifying uplink signals. As an optional component of the antenna system, the TMA compensates for the feeder loss caused by a long feeder to improve the uplink sensitivity and converge.M The RET refers to an antenna system whose tilt is controlled electrically.M The 2-antenna receive diversity technique combines the signals received from the two diverse antennas at the receiving end to mitigate multipath interference.

M BTS/NodeB support a number of clock sources for synchronisation. M BSC/RNC support a number of clock sources for synchronisation.

N Users are likely to complain if crosstalk frequently occurs in the network. Identifying a crosstalk problem, however, can be difficult if the information related to the crosstalk is not recorded in time. To solve this problem, the Crosstalk Monitoring feature is introduced. This feature records the information about the call during which crosstalk occurs in the log and provides an alarm mechanism specific to crosstalk. With the Crosstalk Monitoring feature enabled, a call is automatically monitored to check whether crosstalk occurs during the call. If crosstalk occurs, the information about the call, including the calling number, called number, serving cell, occupied channel, and serving TRX, is recorded. In this way, maintenance engineers can obtain the data that is crucial to problem identification without simulating the conditions of the call.

M No description available

P-GSM900 band, E-GSM900 band, R-GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, PCS1900 band, GSM850 band

Huawei GSM BSS supports the emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications and provides higher priority for the emergency call service.

The G3 fax feature is a value-added mobile data service that allows MSs to send and receive the voice fax.GSM supports the traditional circuit switched data (CSD) services and the data services of multiple rates.

When an MS moves from one location area to another, it must register the new location information on the network. That is, when the MS finds that the LAI stored in the SIM is different from the LAI of the serving cell, it must notify the network to update the stored location area information about the MS. This procedure is called location area update.The IMSI attach/detach procedure informs the MSC/VLR whether the MS can be reached.Through the paging process, an MS is instructed to access the network to complete call connection.Authentication is a procedure in which the GSM network verifies the validity of the identity of an MS, that is, verifies the validity of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) or Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) transmitted over the Um interface.

If no TCH is available in the serving cell during the MS access process, the directed retry procedure is performed in order to set up the call in a TCH of another cell.SDCCH handover is a process in which the MS is handed over from an SDCCH to another SDCCH in an immediate assignment.When an MS is switched on or enters the network coverage area, it scans all the carrier frequencies permitted by the PLMN and selects a suitable cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell selection.After an MS selects a suitable cell as the serving cell, it continues to monitor all the BCCH carrier frequencies specified in the neighboring cell frequency list (BA1 list), in order to find a better cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell reselection.

Call control is a basic feature for an operator to provide the CS services. With call control, the BSS provides the MS with radio resources and terrestrial circuits for making a call and helps the MSC during the whole call handling process.When the MS initiates a call, the BSC needs to assign an SDCCH or a TCH (the TCH is used for signaling) according to the specific call establishment cause. This procedure is called immediate assignment. After receiving a channel request from the MS, the MSC sends the BSC an Assignment Request message, instructing the BSC to assign a suitable channel to the MS. The channel to be assigned must meet the requirements of the MSC and MS, such as the channel type, speech version, and MS frequency capability. This procedure is called assignment.When the MS encounters a radio link failure during the call, the call reestablishment procedure can be used to reestablish the radio link connection so that the original call can proceed.TCH re-assignment is a process through which the BSC re-assigns a TCH to the MS, after the assignment of a TCH to the MS fails and the MS returns to the SDCCH.

TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.Radio link management involves nine procedures: link establishment indication, link establishment request, link release indication, link release request, transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, and link error indication.Radio common channel management involves the management of common control channels such as PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH. Radio common channel management is a basic feature for the operators to provide CS speech services.Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release, management, and reporting of dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH. These procedures work together to establish, maintain, and release radio links.Huawei channel allocation algorithm is used to allocate a suitable channel to the radio service and to adjust the channel as required.

Huawei provides the common configuration management of the MBSC for the GSM Base Station Subsystem (GBSS) system and the Radio Access Network (RAN) system. With configuration management, configuration data can be securely and accurately transmitted to service boards and can then take effect.Performance management involves the periodical collection, gathering, saving, inspection, and analysis of the counters regarding management objects, resource bearer functions, and features, thereby helping operators understand the overall conditions of the network. This feature enables operators to identify and rectify a problem at the earliest possible time, and thereby optimizes the network.With the inventory management feature, the M2000 provides the centralized management of the information about the physical assets and the the software and patch versions of the devices on the network, thus providing the operator with a uniform and easy method of inventory management. For example, the feature helps the operator to manage the remaining assets or trace the information about the faulty board such as the batch number.The fault management feature supports auto monitoring of the network devices. The operator can learn the actual status of the network through the alarm list and log. In addition, the operator can manually enable the board test function, which can help the operator to quickly locate the faulty board.The security management feature of the BSC6900 involves: User security, Security of OMU operating system, Data redundancy backup, User authentication failure timeout alarm.The distributed base station (DBS) supports the automatic scan of the RRU topology. The LMT provides the topology maintenance for the distributed base station. The DBS topology maintenance feature provides convenient OM functions for the DBS. The functions supported by this feature are as follows: 1. The topology of the distributed base station is displayed in a visualized way, 2. Different colors are used to indicate the status of each BBU, RRU, and CRPI link, 3. The BBU or RRU can be selected directly on the display for maintenance.This function enables the software upgrade to be performed through the USB disk without using a portable computer.The BTS O&M involves the following operations: query, loading, and activation of software versions; query of site attributes; query of the usage of different resources; transmission performance test; reset in levels; environment monitoring; alarm shielding; query of ring networking parameters.

The O&M of BSC feature provides the following functions: 1. Secure and reliable configuration management, 2. Accurate and effective alarm management, 3. Comprehensive counter report, 4. Flexible and configurable signaling and user message tracing and commissioning, 5. Classified log management.BTS test function involves site test, baseband test, baseband idle timeslot test, TCH loopback test, transmission performance test, CRC, and BTS antenna fault detection.GBSS products access Huawei mobile integrated network management system (NMS) iManager M2000 through the integrated network management interface.MML commands are used for NE operation and maintenance. The BSS supports NE operation and maintenance by running MML commands on the M2000 or LMT.

Huawei MBSC supports the uniform software management of GBSS and RAN, thus facilitating the remote management of the MBSC software and improving the efficiency of software upgrade and data downloading. With this feature, users can implement the following operations on the M2000: 1. Querying the software version and its status, 2. Uploading, downloading, and activating the program files, patch files, and license files, 3. Using the OMU of the MBSC as the FTP server and transmitting files such as program files and patch files between the FTP server and FTP client, 4. Using the MBSC as the transmission medium to transmit files between the M2000 and the MBTS.The BTS/NodeB software management feature enables the operator to remotely manage the software installation and upgrade of the MBTS. This feature supports enhanced functions such as automatic change of the signaling bandwidth, software download based on the configuration, software download resumption, download and activation of software in batches, and hot patching.Remote upgrade of BSC software is a process in which the BSC software is remotely upgraded through the M2000. Multiple BSCs can be upgraded in batches. Remote upgrade of BTS software is a process in which the BTS software is remotely upgraded through the M2000. Multiple BTSs can be upgraded at a time.The license management controls the overall capability (capacity and functions) of the authorized services of the authorized NEs (MBSC, BTS, and NodeB). The license management is implemented through the software. To use certain enhanced functions and services, users have to purchase specific licenses.

When a single BTS cabinet cannot meet the large capacity requirement, combined cabinets can be used to expand the capacity. If combined cabinets still cannot meet the capacity requirement, cabinet groups can be used to expand the capacity.A hybrid cabinet group can combine cabinets of different BTS types in the same cabinet group.With the BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing feature, common standardised cabinets and subracks are provided to implement different network elements of Access and Core networks.In a star topology, each MBTS is directly connected to the MBSC through a transmission link.In a chain topology a number of BTSs are connencted with each other through transmission links in a serial manner forming a chain of BTSs. The first BTS in the chain is connected to the BSC. The number of levels of MBTSs in a chain topology should not exceed five.

The Connection Inter BSC over IP feature enables operators to use the IP network for inter-BSC interconnection so that the BSCs can communicate with each other directly. Note that the Connection Inter BSC over IP feature supports only the signaling exchange between BSCs. It does not support the exchange of voice services or data services between BSCs.

For the boards that are configured in the active/standby mode, a switchover can be performed between the active and standby boards when the active board is faulty.Flow Control implements the detection and precautionary measures to reduce the risks of the BSS overload. Once overload occurs, the BSC restricts and controls the incoming services such as prohibiting incoming calls and certain auxiliary functions. In this manner, the load of the BSS quickly restores to the normal state. Flow Control aims at keeping the traffic load within the range of the dimensioned capacity, stabilizing the system operation, and ensuring the highest possible traffic volume.The EAC board monitors the environment and power supply in the equipment room to ensure the security of physical devices. The Environment Monitor Unit (EMU) board is an enhanced EAC board. It monitors the environment (through temperature, humidity, water, and smoke sensors), illegal intrusion (through infrared and door status sensors), and power supply.This feature reduces the complexity of the backup and recovery of the operating system and of the configuration data of the OMU board.With this feature, the temperature in the BTS equipment room can be reported to the BSC at specified intervals in a specific period.The system redundancy feature provides the reliability designs such as the active/standby mode, load sharing, and redundancy configuration, thus improving the system reliability.The operating system security management feature provides system security management such as operating system anti-virus, operating system security enhancement, and operating system patching.Link aggregation enables multiple physical links to be bound to form a logical link. That is, multiple links are aggregated to form a link aggregation group (LAG), which can be considered as an independent link in an upper-layer application perspective.BSC/RNC Resource Sharing provides resource sharing of the control plane and of the user plane. Control plane resource sharing is used to share the CPU usage and memory. When the CPU usage of a certain control plane unit (CP unit) is too high or when the memory of a certain CP unit is insufficient, a new call is transferred to other CP units with low load. If a certain user plane unit (UP unit) is overloaded, a new service is transferred to other UP units with low load.With this function, when one or several PSUs are faulty, the BTS shuts down the power amplifiers of the TRXs that consume excessive electricity, based on the power supply capability of the PSUs that work properly. In this manner, the rest of TRXs continue to work normally, thus minimizing the impact of service disruption.

To compensate for transmission delay jitter, the MS must transmit signals to the BTS by a certain time period in advance. The time period is referred to as a Timing Advance (TA). An MS in dedicated mode must transmit signals in an appropriate TA. Otherwise, the synchronization between the MS and the BTS loses. In the GSM system, adjustment of adaptive timing advance is applied to ensure that each MS in dedicated mode uses an appropriate TA.Measurement report processing involves measurement report interpolation and filtering.

System information involves main radio network parameters on the Um interface, including network identity parameters, cell selection parameters, system control parameters, and network function parameters. Based on the received system information, an MS can properly select and access a radio network. Then, it can gain access to all types of service provided by the network. SI is sent by the BSC periodically in all cells of the network.Forced System Information Sending by OMC is a feature through which the system is made to send system information to a certain cell and the MSs camping on the cell.

Daylight Saving Time (DST) is a way of getting more light out of the day by advancing clocks by one hour during the summer.Dynamic SDCCH conversion is triggered when the requested SDCCH is not allocated to the MS. This procedure involves converting a TCHF to the SDCCH and reverting the SDCCH to the TCHF.Cell frequency scan is a feature through which a specific frequency is scanned by using a certain channel to obtain the uplink signal levels on the frequency. Cell frequency scan provides references for engineers to select proper frequencies. The interference of each frequency is important references for network optimization.The STP feature enables the transfer of signaling messages between signaling points.In an SS7 network, each device is regarded as a signaling point (SP), and each SP has an identical signaling point code (SPC). SPs communicate with each other through SPC. The SPC coding modes vary from one country/area to another. Generally, three coding modes are available, namely, 14-bit, 16-bit, and 24-bit modes. Huawei BSC6900 supports all SPC modes.Interface message tracing is a feature through which interface messages can be traced in online mode and reviewed in offline mode.Single user tracing is performed by entering the characteristic identities of the MS on the LMT or the NMS. The characteristic identities include IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, and IMEI.With the Cell Tracing feature, the signaling of a maximum of 16 users over the A interface, Abis interface, or Um interface of a specified cell can be traced at a time.LAPD multiplexing refers to the multiplexing of the LAPD signaling on the E1 timeslots over the Abis interface.An MS in idle mode detects only the paging channels within a specific paging group. When other paging groups send paging messages to an MS, the MS blocks the receive channel.

BTS Power Management supports hierarchical power-off and voltage abnormal protection. The BTS Power Management feature enhances power management and self-protection of the BTS, thus improving the reliability of the system and prolonging the lifespan of products and the serving time of the system.

Huawei BSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface by means of the TC (TRAU). That is, the four timeslots on the E1 of the A interface can be multiplexed onto a timeslot on the Ater interface by means of the TC. In this process, the previous PCM frame of 64 kbit/s can be converted into the TRAU frame of 16 kbit/s, and therefore reducing the required transmission bandwidth.The Gb interface is an interface between the SGSN and the BSS. On this interface, the SGSN communicates with the BSS and the MS and performs packet data transfer, mobility management, and session management. The Gb interface is a standard interface. It is mandatory for the GPRS network.

A Interface Circuit Management, which involves circuit assignment, circuit block, circuit unblock, group circuit block, group circuit unblock, circuit unequipped, and circuit reset, controls the operation and maintenance on a single circuit or on the entire PCM group circuits for the terrestrial circuit equipment. A Interface Circuit Management applies to only the TDM network.The A Interface Protocol Process feature involves the processing of the DTAP and BSSMAP protocols. The processing of A interface signaling and protocol of Huawei GSM BSS is compliant with international standard protocols, and thus Huawei GSM BSS equipment can interconnect with the MSC from other vendors.This feature monitors the real-time status and usage of the circuits on the A interface and TC resources through performance measurement.

According to 3GPP TS 43.064, packet data logical channels are classified into packet broadcast control channel (PBCCH), packet common control channel (PCCCH), packet data traffic channel (PDTCH), and packet dedicated control channel (PDCCH). Huawei BSC supports 3 different combination types of packet channels: Combination 1, Combination 2 and Combination 3.Packet system information (PSI) includs all necessary information for the MS to access and operate within a GPRS network.

The MAC layer defines and allocates the logical channels on the Um interface so that these channels can be shared by several MSs. It also maps the LLC frames to the physical channels. When several MSs attempt to send packet data simultaneously, the MAC layer performs arbitration and provides the collision avoidance, detection, and recovery procedures. The MAC layer also allows an MS to occupy different timeslots of several physical channels. The BSC supports two MAC modes: dynamic allocation and extended dynamic allocation. Dynamic allocation is generally used for the downlink preferred service or neutral service. Extended dynamic allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput.The radio link control (RLC) layer is responsible for assembling and disassembling LLC PDUs. By using a sliding window protocol, the RLC layer exchanges data with the peer entity in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode. The size of the sliding window for GPRS is 64, and that for EGPRS ranges from 64 to 1,024. In acknowledged mode, each data block in a TBF must be acknowledged by the peer end. If the data block is unacknowledged, it needs to be retransmitted. The TBF is released only after all the data blocks are transmitted and acknowledged. In unacknowledged mode, the data block need not be acknowledged by the peer end. If a data block is lost or erroneously transmitted, it is replaced with padding bits. The TBF is released as long as all the data blocks are transmitted. The BSC supports both acknowledged mode and unacknowledged mode at the RLC layer. For uplink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the request of the MS. For downlink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the type of LLC PDUs.

There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows: 1. In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network. 2. In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the network. 3. In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the network.To coordinate the paging of CS services and PS services, three network operation modes are defined for the GPRS network: Network Operation Mode I, Network Operation Mode II, Network Operation Mode III.

When the MS needs to transmit data, it initiates packet access at the RLC/MAC layer. Based on the service types and the support capability of the MS, the packet access is classified into the following types: 1. One phase packet access, 2. Two phase packet access or a single block packet access.When the network or MS requests to establish a TBF for data transmission, the GSM/GPRS network assigns channels for the TBF or rejects the request based on available network resources and the multislot capability of the MS.

The GPRS timing advance (TA) procedure is used to extract the correct TA value so that the network can correctly receive the radio blocks from the MS. The GPRS TA is classified into two types: 1. Initial TA estimation, 2. Continuous TA update. The BSC estimates an initial TA value based on a single access burst requesting a packet channel. Then, the BSC sends the estimated TA value to the MS through a Packet Uplink Assignment or a Packet Downlink Assignment message. Before the TA value is updated, the MS transmits data in the uplink based on the initial TA. The MS in packet transfer mode must update the TA value continuously. The TA value is transmitted on the packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH) that is assigned to the MS.The BSC performs uplink open loop power control and downlink closed loop power control of MS PS services.If excessive MSs apply for the GPRS resources within cells or BSCs at the same time, the GPRS resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested. The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including paging response messages) that are initiated by the MS and to delay the response to these service requests.The BSC supports the downlink flow control of the BVC and MS. It reports associated parameters to the SGSN on a regular basis.

Installed on the tower top, a TMA is a device for amplifying uplink signals. As an optional component of the antenna system, the TMA compensates for the feeder loss caused by a long feeder to improve the uplink sensitivity and converge.

The 2-antenna receive diversity technique combines the signals received from the two diverse antennas at the receiving end to mitigate multipath interference.

Users are likely to complain if crosstalk frequently occurs in the network. Identifying a crosstalk problem, however, can be difficult if the information related to the crosstalk is not recorded in time. To solve this problem, the Crosstalk Monitoring feature is introduced. This feature records the information about the call during which crosstalk occurs in the log and provides an alarm mechanism specific to crosstalk. With the Crosstalk Monitoring feature enabled, a call is automatically monitored to check whether crosstalk occurs during the call. If crosstalk occurs, the information about the call, including the calling number, called number, serving cell, occupied channel, and serving TRX, is recorded. In this way, maintenance engineers can obtain the data that is crucial to problem identification without simulating the conditions of the call.

When an MS moves from one location area to another, it must register the new location information on the network. That is, when the MS finds that the LAI stored in the SIM is different from the LAI of the serving cell, it must notify the network to update the stored location area information about the MS. This procedure is called location area update.

Authentication is a procedure in which the GSM network verifies the validity of the identity of an MS, that is, verifies the validity of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) or Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) transmitted over the Um interface.

When an MS is switched on or enters the network coverage area, it scans all the carrier frequencies permitted by the PLMN and selects a suitable cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell selection.After an MS selects a suitable cell as the serving cell, it continues to monitor all the BCCH carrier frequencies specified in the neighboring cell frequency list (BA1 list), in order to find a better cell to camp on. This procedure is called cell reselection.

Call control is a basic feature for an operator to provide the CS services. With call control, the BSS provides the MS with radio resources and terrestrial circuits for making a call and helps the MSC during the whole call handling process.When the MS initiates a call, the BSC needs to assign an SDCCH or a TCH (the TCH is used for signaling) according to the specific call establishment cause. This procedure is called immediate assignment. After receiving a channel request from the MS, the MSC sends the BSC an Assignment Request message, instructing the BSC to assign a suitable channel to the MS. The channel to be assigned must meet the requirements of the MSC and MS, such as the channel type, speech version, and MS frequency capability. This procedure is called assignment.

TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.Radio link management involves nine procedures: link establishment indication, link establishment request, link release indication, link release request, transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, and link error indication.Radio common channel management involves the management of common control channels such as PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH. Radio common channel management is a basic feature for the operators to provide CS speech services.Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release, management, and reporting of dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH. These procedures work together to establish, maintain, and release radio links.

Huawei provides the common configuration management of the MBSC for the GSM Base Station Subsystem (GBSS) system and the Radio Access Network (RAN) system. With configuration management, configuration data can be securely and accurately transmitted to service boards and can then take effect.Performance management involves the periodical collection, gathering, saving, inspection, and analysis of the counters regarding management objects, resource bearer functions, and features, thereby helping operators understand the overall conditions of the network. This feature enables operators to identify and rectify a problem at the earliest possible time, and thereby optimizes the network.With the inventory management feature, the M2000 provides the centralized management of the information about the physical assets and the the software and patch versions of the devices on the network, thus providing the operator with a uniform and easy method of inventory management. For example, the feature helps the operator to manage the remaining assets or trace the information about the faulty board such as the batch number.The fault management feature supports auto monitoring of the network devices. The operator can learn the actual status of the network through the alarm list and log. In addition, the operator can manually enable the board test function, which can help the operator to quickly locate the faulty board.

The distributed base station (DBS) supports the automatic scan of the RRU topology. The LMT provides the topology maintenance for the distributed base station. The DBS topology maintenance feature provides convenient OM functions for the DBS. The functions supported by this feature are as follows: 1. The topology of the distributed base station is displayed in a visualized way, 2. Different colors are used to indicate the status of each BBU, RRU, and CRPI link, 3. The BBU or RRU can be selected directly on the display for maintenance.

The BTS O&M involves the following operations: query, loading, and activation of software versions; query of site attributes; query of the usage of different resources; transmission performance test; reset in levels; environment monitoring; alarm shielding; query of ring networking parameters.

The O&M of BSC feature provides the following functions: 1. Secure and reliable configuration management, 2. Accurate and effective alarm management, 3. Comprehensive counter report, 4. Flexible and configurable signaling and user message tracing and commissioning, 5. Classified log management.


When a single BTS cabinet cannot meet the large capacity requirement, combined cabinets can be used to expand the capacity. If combined cabinets still cannot meet the capacity requirement, cabinet groups can be used to expand the capacity.

In a chain topology a number of BTSs are connencted with each other through transmission links in a serial manner forming a chain of BTSs. The first BTS in the chain is connected to the BSC. The number of levels of MBTSs in a chain topology should not exceed five.


Flow Control implements the detection and precautionary measures to reduce the risks of the BSS overload. Once overload occurs, the BSC restricts and controls the incoming services such as prohibiting incoming calls and certain auxiliary functions. In this manner, the load of the BSS quickly restores to the normal state. Flow Control aims at keeping the traffic load within the range of the dimensioned capacity, stabilizing the system operation, and ensuring the highest possible traffic volume.The EAC board monitors the environment and power supply in the equipment room to ensure the security of physical devices. The Environment Monitor Unit (EMU) board is an enhanced EAC board. It monitors the environment (through temperature, humidity, water, and smoke sensors), illegal intrusion (through infrared and door status sensors), and power supply.

The operating system security management feature provides system security management such as operating system anti-virus, operating system security enhancement, and operating system patching.Link aggregation enables multiple physical links to be bound to form a logical link. That is, multiple links are aggregated to form a link aggregation group (LAG), which can be considered as an independent link in an upper-layer application perspective.BSC/RNC Resource Sharing provides resource sharing of the control plane and of the user plane. Control plane resource sharing is used to share the CPU usage and memory. When the CPU usage of a certain control plane unit (CP unit) is too high or when the memory of a certain CP unit is insufficient, a new call is transferred to other CP units with low load. If a certain user plane unit (UP unit) is overloaded, a new service is transferred to other UP units with low load.With this function, when one or several PSUs are faulty, the BTS shuts down the power amplifiers of the TRXs that consume excessive electricity, based on the power supply capability of the PSUs that work properly. In this manner, the rest of TRXs continue to work normally, thus minimizing the impact of service disruption.

To compensate for transmission delay jitter, the MS must transmit signals to the BTS by a certain time period in advance. The time period is referred to as a Timing Advance (TA). An MS in dedicated mode must transmit signals in an appropriate TA. Otherwise, the synchronization between the MS and the BTS loses. In the GSM system, adjustment of adaptive timing advance is applied to ensure that each MS in dedicated mode uses an appropriate TA.

System information involves main radio network parameters on the Um interface, including network identity parameters, cell selection parameters, system control parameters, and network function parameters. Based on the received system information, an MS can properly select and access a radio network. Then, it can gain access to all types of service provided by the network. SI is sent by the BSC periodically in all cells of the network.

Dynamic SDCCH conversion is triggered when the requested SDCCH is not allocated to the MS. This procedure involves converting a TCHF to the SDCCH and reverting the SDCCH to the TCHF.Cell frequency scan is a feature through which a specific frequency is scanned by using a certain channel to obtain the uplink signal levels on the frequency. Cell frequency scan provides references for engineers to select proper frequencies. The interference of each frequency is important references for network optimization.

In an SS7 network, each device is regarded as a signaling point (SP), and each SP has an identical signaling point code (SPC). SPs communicate with each other through SPC. The SPC coding modes vary from one country/area to another. Generally, three coding modes are available, namely, 14-bit, 16-bit, and 24-bit modes. Huawei BSC6900 supports all SPC modes.


Huawei BSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface by means of the TC (TRAU). That is, the four timeslots on the E1 of the A interface can be multiplexed onto a timeslot on the Ater interface by means of the TC. In this process, the previous PCM frame of 64 kbit/s can be converted into the TRAU frame of 16 kbit/s, and therefore reducing the required transmission bandwidth.The Gb interface is an interface between the SGSN and the BSS. On this interface, the SGSN communicates with the BSS and the MS and performs packet data transfer, mobility management, and session management. The Gb interface is a standard interface. It is mandatory for the GPRS network.

A Interface Circuit Management, which involves circuit assignment, circuit block, circuit unblock, group circuit block, group circuit unblock, circuit unequipped, and circuit reset, controls the operation and maintenance on a single circuit or on the entire PCM group circuits for the terrestrial circuit equipment. A Interface Circuit Management applies to only the TDM network.The A Interface Protocol Process feature involves the processing of the DTAP and BSSMAP protocols. The processing of A interface signaling and protocol of Huawei GSM BSS is compliant with international standard protocols, and thus Huawei GSM BSS equipment can interconnect with the MSC from other vendors.

According to 3GPP TS 43.064, packet data logical channels are classified into packet broadcast control channel (PBCCH), packet common control channel (PCCCH), packet data traffic channel (PDTCH), and packet dedicated control channel (PDCCH). Huawei BSC supports 3 different combination types of packet channels: Combination 1, Combination 2 and Combination 3.


There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows: 1. In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network. 2. In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the network. 3. In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the network.To coordinate the paging of CS services and PS services, three network operation modes are defined for the GPRS network: Network Operation Mode I, Network Operation Mode II, Network Operation Mode III.

When the MS needs to transmit data, it initiates packet access at the RLC/MAC layer. Based on the service types and the support capability of the MS, the packet access is classified into the following types: 1. One phase packet access, 2. Two phase packet access or a single block packet access.When the network or MS requests to establish a TBF for data transmission, the GSM/GPRS network assigns channels for the TBF or rejects the request based on available network resources and the multislot capability of the MS.

The GPRS timing advance (TA) procedure is used to extract the correct TA value so that the network can correctly receive the radio blocks from the MS. The GPRS TA is classified into two types: 1. Initial TA estimation, 2. Continuous TA update. The BSC estimates an initial TA value based on a single access burst requesting a packet channel. Then, the BSC sends the estimated TA value to the MS through a Packet Uplink Assignment or a Packet Downlink Assignment message. Before the TA value is updated, the MS transmits data in the uplink based on the initial TA. The MS in packet transfer mode must update the TA value continuously. The TA value is transmitted on the packet timing advance control channel (PTCCH) that is assigned to the MS.

If excessive MSs apply for the GPRS resources within cells or BSCs at the same time, the GPRS resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested. The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including paging response messages) that are initiated by the MS and to delay the response to these service requests.

Installed on the tower top, a TMA is a device for amplifying uplink signals. As an optional component of the antenna system, the TMA compensates for the feeder loss caused by a long feeder to improve the uplink sensitivity and converge.


When an MS moves from one location area to another, it must register the new location information on the network. That is, when the MS finds that the LAI stored in the SIM is different from the LAI of the serving cell, it must notify the network to update the stored location area information about the MS. This procedure is called location area update.

When the MS initiates a call, the BSC needs to assign an SDCCH or a TCH (the TCH is used for signaling) according to the specific call establishment cause. This procedure is called immediate assignment. After receiving a channel request from the MS, the MSC sends the BSC an Assignment Request message, instructing the BSC to assign a suitable channel to the MS. The channel to be assigned must meet the requirements of the MSC and MS, such as the channel type, speech version, and MS frequency capability. This procedure is called assignment.

TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.Radio link management involves nine procedures: link establishment indication, link establishment request, link release indication, link release request, transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, and link error indication.

Huawei provides the common configuration management of the MBSC for the GSM Base Station Subsystem (GBSS) system and the Radio Access Network (RAN) system. With configuration management, configuration data can be securely and accurately transmitted to service boards and can then take effect.Performance management involves the periodical collection, gathering, saving, inspection, and analysis of the counters regarding management objects, resource bearer functions, and features, thereby helping operators understand the overall conditions of the network. This feature enables operators to identify and rectify a problem at the earliest possible time, and thereby optimizes the network.With the inventory management feature, the M2000 provides the centralized management of the information about the physical assets and the the software and patch versions of the devices on the network, thus providing the operator with a uniform and easy method of inventory management. For example, the feature helps the operator to manage the remaining assets or trace the information about the faulty board such as the batch number.The fault management feature supports auto monitoring of the network devices. The operator can learn the actual status of the network through the alarm list and log. In addition, the operator can manually enable the board test function, which can help the operator to quickly locate the faulty board.


The O&M of BSC feature provides the following functions: 1. Secure and reliable configuration management, 2. Accurate and effective alarm management, 3. Comprehensive counter report, 4. Flexible and configurable signaling and user message tracing and commissioning, 5. Classified log management.



Flow Control implements the detection and precautionary measures to reduce the risks of the BSS overload. Once overload occurs, the BSC restricts and controls the incoming services such as prohibiting incoming calls and certain auxiliary functions. In this manner, the load of the BSS quickly restores to the normal state. Flow Control aims at keeping the traffic load within the range of the dimensioned capacity, stabilizing the system operation, and ensuring the highest possible traffic volume.The EAC board monitors the environment and power supply in the equipment room to ensure the security of physical devices. The Environment Monitor Unit (EMU) board is an enhanced EAC board. It monitors the environment (through temperature, humidity, water, and smoke sensors), illegal intrusion (through infrared and door status sensors), and power supply.

BSC/RNC Resource Sharing provides resource sharing of the control plane and of the user plane. Control plane resource sharing is used to share the CPU usage and memory. When the CPU usage of a certain control plane unit (CP unit) is too high or when the memory of a certain CP unit is insufficient, a new call is transferred to other CP units with low load. If a certain user plane unit (UP unit) is overloaded, a new service is transferred to other UP units with low load.With this function, when one or several PSUs are faulty, the BTS shuts down the power amplifiers of the TRXs that consume excessive electricity, based on the power supply capability of the PSUs that work properly. In this manner, the rest of TRXs continue to work normally, thus minimizing the impact of service disruption.



Cell frequency scan is a feature through which a specific frequency is scanned by using a certain channel to obtain the uplink signal levels on the frequency. Cell frequency scan provides references for engineers to select proper frequencies. The interference of each frequency is important references for network optimization.

In an SS7 network, each device is regarded as a signaling point (SP), and each SP has an identical signaling point code (SPC). SPs communicate with each other through SPC. The SPC coding modes vary from one country/area to another. Generally, three coding modes are available, namely, 14-bit, 16-bit, and 24-bit modes. Huawei BSC6900 supports all SPC modes.


Huawei BSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface by means of the TC (TRAU). That is, the four timeslots on the E1 of the A interface can be multiplexed onto a timeslot on the Ater interface by means of the TC. In this process, the previous PCM frame of 64 kbit/s can be converted into the TRAU frame of 16 kbit/s, and therefore reducing the required transmission bandwidth.

A Interface Circuit Management, which involves circuit assignment, circuit block, circuit unblock, group circuit block, group circuit unblock, circuit unequipped, and circuit reset, controls the operation and maintenance on a single circuit or on the entire PCM group circuits for the terrestrial circuit equipment. A Interface Circuit Management applies to only the TDM network.The A Interface Protocol Process feature involves the processing of the DTAP and BSSMAP protocols. The processing of A interface signaling and protocol of Huawei GSM BSS is compliant with international standard protocols, and thus Huawei GSM BSS equipment can interconnect with the MSC from other vendors.

According to 3GPP TS 43.064, packet data logical channels are classified into packet broadcast control channel (PBCCH), packet common control channel (PCCCH), packet data traffic channel (PDTCH), and packet dedicated control channel (PDCCH). Huawei BSC supports 3 different combination types of packet channels: Combination 1, Combination 2 and Combination 3.


There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows: 1. In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network. 2. In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the network. 3. In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the network.


If excessive MSs apply for the GPRS resources within cells or BSCs at the same time, the GPRS resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested. The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including paging response messages) that are initiated by the MS and to delay the response to these service requests.



TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.Radio link management involves nine procedures: link establishment indication, link establishment request, link release indication, link release request, transmission of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in acknowledged mode, transmission of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, reception of a transparent L3-message in unacknowledged mode, and link error indication.

With the inventory management feature, the M2000 provides the centralized management of the information about the physical assets and the the software and patch versions of the devices on the network, thus providing the operator with a uniform and easy method of inventory management. For example, the feature helps the operator to manage the remaining assets or trace the information about the faulty board such as the batch number.


Huawei MBSC supports the uniform software management of GBSS and RAN, thus facilitating the remote management of the MBSC software and improving the efficiency of software upgrade and data downloading. With this feature, users can implement the following operations on the M2000: 1. Querying the software version and its status, 2. Uploading, downloading, and activating the program files, patch files, and license files, 3. Using the OMU of the MBSC as the FTP server and transmitting files such as program files and patch files between the FTP server and FTP client, 4. Using the MBSC as the transmission medium to transmit files between the M2000 and the MBTS.

Flow Control implements the detection and precautionary measures to reduce the risks of the BSS overload. Once overload occurs, the BSC restricts and controls the incoming services such as prohibiting incoming calls and certain auxiliary functions. In this manner, the load of the BSS quickly restores to the normal state. Flow Control aims at keeping the traffic load within the range of the dimensioned capacity, stabilizing the system operation, and ensuring the highest possible traffic volume.

BSC/RNC Resource Sharing provides resource sharing of the control plane and of the user plane. Control plane resource sharing is used to share the CPU usage and memory. When the CPU usage of a certain control plane unit (CP unit) is too high or when the memory of a certain CP unit is insufficient, a new call is transferred to other CP units with low load. If a certain user plane unit (UP unit) is overloaded, a new service is transferred to other UP units with low load.




There are three GPRS network control modes: network control 0 (NC0), network control 1 (NC1), and network control 2 (NC2). These modes are described as follows: 1. In NC0 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending measurement reports to the network. 2. In NC1 mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends measurement reports to the network. 3. In NC2 mode, the network controls cell reselection, and the MS sends measurement reports to the network.




TRX Management involves the following procedures: 1. The radio resource indication procedure is used to inform the BSC of the interference levels on idle channels on a TRX. 2. The SACCH filling information modification procedure is triggered by the BSC to inform the BTS of the new information to be used as filling information on SACCHs. 3. The flow control procedure is used for flow control to prevent CCCH overload, ACCH overload, and processor overload. 4. The error reporting procedure is triggered by the BTS to report detected errors if they cannot be reported by any other procedure.


The radio link control (RLC) layer is responsible for assembling and disassembling LLC PDUs. By using a sliding window protocol, the RLC layer exchanges data with the peer entity in acknowledged or unacknowledged mode. The size of the sliding window for GPRS is 64, and that for EGPRS ranges from 64 to 1,024. In acknowledged mode, each data block in a TBF must be acknowledged by the peer end. If the data block is unacknowledged, it needs to be retransmitted. The TBF is released only after all the data blocks are transmitted and acknowledged. In unacknowledged mode, the data block need not be acknowledged by the peer end. If a data block is lost or erroneously transmitted, it is replaced with padding bits. The TBF is released as long as all the data blocks are transmitted. The BSC supports both acknowledged mode and unacknowledged mode at the RLC layer. For uplink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the request of the MS. For downlink data transmission, the BSC determines the RLC mode based on the type of LLC PDUs.


Optional Huawei Features

2G

Feature Name

Coverage enhancementPBT(Power Boost Technology)Transmit Diversity4-Way Receiver DiversityDynamic Transmit DiversityDynamic PBT(Power Boost Technology)Enhanced EDGE Coverage

Voice Capacity ImprovementMulti-band Sharing One BSCEnhanced Dual-Band NetworkFlex MAIOICCEICC

Frequency Efficiency ImprovementFrequency Hopping (RF hopping, baseband hopping)BCCH Carrier Frequency HoppingAntenna Frequency HoppingBCCH Dense Frequency MultiplexingSupport for E-GSM and R-GSM Frequency Band

Network SynchronizationSoft-Synchronized NetworkBTS GPS SynchronizationClock over IPClock over IP support 1588V2Synchronous Ethernet

Energy SavingHUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm

TRX Power Amplifier Intelligent ShutdownTRX Power Amplifier Intelligent Shutdown on Timeslot LevelIntelligent Combiner BypassActive Backup Power ControlPower Optimization Based on Channel TypePSU Smart ControlEnhanced BCCH Power Consumption OptimizationDynamic Cell Power OffTRX Working Voltage AdjustmentMulti-Carrier Intelligent Voltage RegulationWeather Adaptive Power Management

Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)－DownlinkDiscontinuous Transmission (DTX)－Uplink

Abis Transmission Saving16Kbit RSL and OML on A-bis InterfaceFlex AbisBTS Local SwitchAbis Congestion Trigger HR Distribution

A Transmission SavingFlex AterBSC Local SwitchAter Compression Transmission

Hardware SavingTrFO

Networking FrameworkMulti-Cell Function

System ReliabilityRing TopologyTRX CooperationMSC PoolSGSN PoolAbis BypassFast Ring Network SwitchRobust Air Interface Signalling Abis Transmission BackupBSC Node RedundancyTC PoolOML Backup

High Speed CoverageAFC(Automatic Frequency Correction)Fast Move HandoverChain Cell HandoverMulti-site Cell

2G/3G Seamless CoverageGSM / WCDMA InteroperabilityGSM and TD-SCDMA InteroperabilityGSM and WCDMA Service Based HandoverGSM and WCDMA Load Based Handover GSM and UMTS Cell Reselection Based on MS StateFast UMTS Reselection at GSM CS Call Release

BTS Satellite TransmissionSatellite Transmission over Abis Interface

BSC Satellite TransmissionSatellite Transmission over A InterfaceSatellite Transmission over Ater InterfaceSatellite Transmission over Pb InterfaceSatellite Transmission over Gb Interface

Big Capacity BSC

High Speed Signaling Local Multiple Signaling Points

MaintainabilitySemi-Permanent ConnectionEnd-to-End MS Signaling TracingMaintenance Mode Alarm

Power Control AlgorithmActive Power Control

Network SecurityA5/1 and A5/2 Ciphering AlgorithmA5/3 Ciphering AlgorithmA5/1 Encryption Flow OptimizationEncrypted Network ManagementNAT Beside OM

Enhanced Voice ServiceEnhanced Full RateHalf Rate SpeechDynamic Adjustment Between FR and HR

Cell Broadcast Service Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (TS23)Simplified Cell Broadcast

CS General EnhancementAutomatic Level Control (ALC)Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)Automatic Noise Restraint (ANR)TFOAutomatic Noise Compensation (ANC)Enhancement Packet Loss Concealment (EPLC)Voice Quality Index (Uplink VQI)Enhanced Measurement Report (EMR)BTS power lift for handoverDynamic HR/FR AdaptationVQE3.0KPIs Based on User Experience

AMR PackageAMR FRAMR HRAMR Power ControlAMR FR/HR Dynamic AdjustmentAMR Wireless Link TimerAMR Coding Rate Threshold Adaptive AdjustmentWB AMR

PS QoSStreaming QoS (GBR)QoS ARP&THP

PS Active Package ManagementPoC QoSConversational QoSPS Service in Priority

Cell Reselection of PS DomainNetwork-Controlled Cell Reselection (NC2)Intra BSC Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)Packet SI Status

GPRS/EGPRS ServiceGPRSNetwork Operation Mode ICS-3/CS-4EGPRS PDCH Dynamic AdjustmentGb Over FR

EGPRS Service Enhancement11-Bit EGPRS AccessPacket Assignment Taken Over by the BTSExtended Uplink TBFDynamically Adjusting the Uplink MCS CodingDynamically Adjusting the RRBP FrequencyPacket Channel DispatchingLoad SharingAdaptive Adjustment of Uplink and Downlink ChannelsBSS Paging CoordinationPS HandoverEarly TBF EstablishmentPS Power Control

High Speed Data ServiceExtended Dynamic Allocation (EDA)MS High Multislot ClassesDTMClass11 DTMHMC DTM14.4kbit/s Circuit Switched Data

VIP Service SupportResource ReservationEnhanced Multi Level Precedence and Preemption (EMLPP)Guaranteed Emergency CallFlow Control Based on Cell Priority

Terminal PackageNetwork Support SAIC

LCSNSS-Based LCS (Cell ID + TA)BSS-Based LCS (Cell ID + TA)

Simple Mode LCS (Cell ID + TA)Lb Interface

Abis IPAbis over IPAbis IP over E1/T1Abis MUX

A IPA over IPA IP over E1/T1UDP MUX for A TransmissionTDM/IP Dual Transmission over A Interface

Gb IPGb over IP

IP EnhancementIP QOSIP Performance MonitorIP Fault Detection Based on BFD Ethernet OAM

PICO Solution PackagePICO Automatic Configuration and PlanningPICO SynchronizationPICO Dual-band Auto-planningPICO USB EncryptionPICO Access Control List (ACL)PICO Sleeping ModePICO Automatic Optimization

Easy GSM Solution PackageCompact BTS Automatic Configuration and PlanningCompact BTS Automatic Capacity PlanningCompact BTS Automatic Neighbor Cell Planning and OptimizationCompact BTS Timing Power OffLocal User Management

Public Voice Group Call ServicePublic Voice Group Call ServiceLate Broadcast Channel AssignmentSingle Channel Group Call OriginatingTalker IdentificationGroup Call EMLPPFast Group Call SetupGroup Call Reliability Enhancing

Public Voice Broadcast ServicePublic Voice Broadcast Service Late Broadcast Channel AssignmentGSM-T Relay

Handover

HUAWEI II HandoverHandover Re-establishment

RAN SharingRAN SharingMOCN Shared CellIMSI-Based Handover

EDGE EvolutionMSRDDual Carriers in DownlinkUplink EGPRS2-ADownlink EGPRS2-ALatency Reduction

Perfomance Analysis Toolkit2G/3G Neighboring Cell Automatic Optimization

Emergency CommunicationsLicense Control for UrgencyAccess Control Class (ACC)

GSM and UMTS Common Radio Resource Management Based on Iur-gLoad Based Handover Enhancement on Iur-gNACC Procedure Optimization Based on Iur-g between GSM and UMTSGSM and UMTS Load Balancing Based on Iur-g GSM and UMTS Traffic Steering Based on Iur-g

GSM and UMTS Common TransmissionGSM and UMTS Co-Transmission by TDM Switching IP-Based GSM and UMTS Co-Transmission on Base Station SideTDM-Based GSM and UMTS Co-Transmission via Backplane on Base Station SideGSM and UMTS Bandwidth Allocation Uni-ControlIP-Based GSM and LTE Co-Transmission on Base Station Side

GSM and UMTS and LTE Common ClockGSM and UMTS Common Reference ClockGSM and LTE Common Reference Clock

GSM and UMTS and LTE Energy SavingGSM and UMTS Intelligent Shutdown Based on RAT Priority

GSM and LTE Seamless CoverageCell Reselection Between GSM and LTEPS Handover Between GSM and LTE Based on CoveragePS Handover Between GSM and LTE Based on QualityPS Handover Between GSM and LTE Based on Cell LoadPS Handover Between GSM and LTE Based on Mode Priority GSM/LTE Service Based PS HandovereNC2 Between GSM and LTEeNACC Between GSM and LTESRVCC

GSM and TD-SCDMA Seamless CoverageIur-g Interface Between GSM and TD-SCDMA

Radio Resource Reserved Handover Between GSM/TD-SCDMA Based on Iur-gPaging Capability ImprovementMultiple CCCHs

Feature Code Feature Relation Description

GBFD-115901 M The PBT is a power boost technology. In PBT mode, the two TRXs in the double-transceiver unit are used as one TRX. After modulation and DA conversion, one signal output is divided into two RF signals. These two signals are amplified and then combined to form one signal. As the two signals are aligned in phase, the transmit power is amplified and the downlink signal strength is increased.GBFD-115902 M Transmit diversity can help to improve the quality of the signals received by the MS and reduce the effect of multipath fading. When Transmit Diversity is enabled, one baseband signal is transmitted through two RF channels. The combined signals in the multipath transmission are optimized. Thus, the impact of Rayleigh fading on the MS is reduced.GBFD-115903 M To suppress Rayleigh fading, four-way receive diversity is implemented in the TRX board, that is, four receive paths receive the same signal separately. Then, the four RX signals are combined into one according to the specified algorithm. In this way, a strong useful signal is obtained, and the uplink gain is enhanced.GBFD-118101 M Dynamic Transmit Diversity is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. The two channels with the same timeslot number on the two TRXs can work as a channel group if required. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage.GBFD-118102 M Dynamic PBT is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. If required, the two channels of the same timeslot number on the two TRXs work as a channel group. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage. Dynamic PBT increases resource utilization and assists in expanding the coverage.GBFD-118104 N In the existing network, the BSC controls multiple BTSs and manages BTS radio resources, and the BTS handles services. In the case of PS services, the BTS determines whether to use GMSK or 8PSK modulation scheme according to the service type of the BSC. In 8PSK modulation scheme, the maximum transmit power of a TRX is improved through enhanced EDGE coverage so that the maximum output power of high-rate PS services is the same as that of CS services. In this way, the average output power of high-rate PS services in 8PSK modulation scheme is the same as that of CS services.

GBFD-114401 M In a multi-band network, in a co-BSC network topology, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use the same BSC, or multiband BTSs are connected to the same BSC.GBFD-114402 M The enhanced dual-band network is an improvement on the existing dual-band network. It is implemented as follows: physically, two single-band cells are located at the same layer and have the same priority but different coverage areas; logically, the two cells serve as neighboring cells of each other and form a cell group, namely, one overlaid cell and one underlaid cell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables channel sharing and load balancing between the two cells in the cell group.GBFD-117001 M Flex MAIO is a feature through which the BSC dynamically adjusts the MAIO according to the current interference level of a channel when assigning an MAIO to the channel (note that the BSC assigns an MAIO to only a channel under activation). In this way, the BSC assigns the MAIO with the minimum interference to the channel, and the channel experiences the minimum interference in the BTS.GBFD-115801 M Interference Cancellation Combining. In the actual network, the interference on different diversity antennas comes from the same interference source. Therefore, the interference has a certain correlation. ICC uses this correlation to eliminate some interference.GBFD-115821 M Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining. EICC is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference.

GBFD-113701 M With FH, different bursts are transmitted on different frequencies, but the frequency remains unchanged for each burst.GBFD-113702 M In GSM, the frequency of the BCCH must remain unchanged, that is, the BCCH cannot participate in FH. In baseband FH, other channels on the BCCH TRX except the BCCH can participate in FH to obtain FH gains. In RF FH, the transmit frequency of each TRX changes. Therefore, the BCCH TRX cannot participate in RF FH.GBFD-113703 M Antenna frequency hopping provides transmit diversity on the downlink. User data is coded and interleaved to obtain the transmit signal S. S is divided into S1 and S2, which are then transmitted through different antennas.GBFD-118001 M The BCCH dense frequency multiplexing technology is applicable to the network with limited frequency resources. It helps to increase the reusability of BCCH frequencies and reduce the number of frequencies used by the BCCHs. Therefore, more frequencies can be used at the FH layer.GBFD-114901 M E-GSM: UL=880-915 MHz, DL=925-960 MHz; R-GSM: UL=876-915 MHz, DL=921-960 MHz.

GBFD-118201 M In Soft-Synchronized Network technology the FNs and symbol offsets of the BTSs are adjusted by means of software to synchronize timeslots in the frames. In this case, the BTSs use the planned FNs and symbol offsets to achieve synchronization.GBFD-510401 M The BTS GPS Synchronization feature enables a BTS clock to be synchronized with the GPS clock source.GBFD-118606 M The clock over IP solution is based on the server/client architecture.GBFD-118620 E The IEEE1588 V2 solution uses the same server/client architecture as the clock over IP solution. In the IEEE1588 V2 solution, the IPCLK1000 acts as the server, and the Huawei base station is embedded with the synchronization client. The clock over IP solution and the IEEE1588 V2 solution differ with respect to the clock synchronization procedure and the frame format. As for the frame format, the clock over IP solution complies with the Huawei proprietary standard, whereas the IEEE1588 V2 solution complies with the IEEE1588 V2 standard.GBFD-118202 N The synchronous Ethernet solution has the same basic principles as SDH and PDH network clock synchronization. That is, a higher-level device encodes clock signals into serial data bit streams and a lower-level device receives the serial data bit streams from the physical layer to extract and trace the higher-level clock.

GBFD-117601 M Huawei III Power Control algorithm involves MR interpolation, MR filtering, calculation FH gain, and calculation of adjustment step based on the FH gain.GBFD-114801 M The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the BTS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.GBFD-114803 M The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the MS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.GBFD-111602 M When the cell is enabled with TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown, all the TRXs except the one carrying the BCCH can be powered off. That is, the cell can keep providing services for subscribers even if the TRXs are shut down.GBFD-111603 M TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown on the timeslot level is supported and the power consumption of the power amplifier on the timeslot level is zero. There are eight timeslots in a TRX. If only one timeslot has traffic and the other seven timeslots are idle, the power amplifier is working only in the timeslot with the traffic, and is shut down in the other seven timeslots.GBFD-111604 M Intelligent Combiner Bypass (ICB) applies to double-transceiver unit. When the non-BCCH TRX is idle, the BCCH TRX is in ICB mode with a capacity of one TRX. The lowest voltage is used by power amplifier on the BCCH TRX, and the output power of a single power amplifier on the BCCH TRX is 15 W/10 W. After Power Boost Technology (PBT) is used on the BCCH TRX, the transmit power on top of the cabinet of the BCCH TRX is the same as that of a single power amplifier, that is, 60 W/40 W.GBFD-111605 M When the mains supply is cut off, the BTS uses the storage battery as a back up power supply. The battery capacity, however, is limited, and the BSC reduces the power consumption of the BTS by shutting down some TRXs or decreasing the maximum transmit power of the TRX to prolong the battery discharge time.GBFD-111606 M Power optimization based on channel type refers to the technology that the voltage is provided for TRX power amplifiers based on different modulation modes of channels so that the BTS power consumption can be decreased.GBFD-111608 M The PSU smart control feature switches on only the required PSUs and shuts down the redundant PSUs to improve the efficiency of the power system and preserve the lifetime of the power system.GBFD-111609 M Huawei introduces enhanced BCCH power consumption optimization, through which the power of the non-BCCH timeslots of BCCH TRX can be reduced.GBFD-111610 M To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.GBFD-111611 M When the transmit power of the TRX power amplifier decreases, the working voltage of the TRX can be lowered in the condition that the power gain of the TRX power amplifier remains almost the same. In this way, the power consumption of the TRX power amplifier and the overall power consumption of the BTS are also reduced.GBFD-111612 M The Multi-Carrier Intelligent Voltage Regulation feature is introduced to dynamically adjust the working voltage of the TRX according to the dynamic changes of the working states of the TRX. Through this feature, the BTS power consumption is significantly reduced.GBFD-111613 N Weather adaptive power management determines the proper volume of energy consumption based on the available energy sources (the electric power is generated by the solar battery, not by the algorithm or storage battery). The general principle is to keep balance between energy consumption and generation, to prevent power failures and energy wastes at the same time.

GBFD-116701 M When the function of the 16 kbit/s LAPD signaling link (OML and RSL) is enabled, each signaling link occupies only 16 kbit/s bandwidth at the physical layer, thus saving the transmission resources on the Abis interface.GBFD-117301 M In an actual network, not all the BTSs or cells are busy and not both the PS and CS services have a high traffic volume at a specific time. Generally, if the load of one BTS is heavy, the load of other BTSs is light; if the traffic volume of the PS service is high, that of the CS service is low, and vice versa. Flex Abis (Flexible Abis) enables the sharing of the Abis interface transmission resources among different BTSs, cells, and services, and thus improves the resource utilization. Flex Abis is a mode of allocating the Abis interface transmission resources. That is, the Abis interface transmission resources form a resource pool that is shared by the CS service and PS service (including idle timeslots) among different cells and BTSs.GBFD-117702 M BTS local switching is triggered when the BTS detects that the calling MS and the called MS of a call are under the same BTS, in the same BTS group, or in the same local switching area.GBFD-112013 M When allocating channels, the BSC determines whether to trigger rate adjustment based on the (flex) Abis usage in the cell.

GBFD-116901 M Flex Ater is a function based on which Ater resources are allocated according to the channel type during the call establishment. If TCHFs are allocated on the Um interface, 16 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface. If TCHHs are allocated on the Um interface, 8 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface.GBFD-117701 M BSC local switching is performed on the BSS side without involving NEs on the NSS side. In other words, the speech signals are not sent to the MSC.GBFD-116902 M Ater Compression Transmission is a technology in which the TransCoder Subrack (TCS) of the BSC is located remotely and the IP over PPP over Ch-STM-1 transmission mode is used to carry signals when the Ater interface is in TDM transmission mode.

GBFD-115702 M The TrFO feature enables the calling MS and called MS to use the same speech coding/decoding scheme. Thus, the speech signal is coded at the calling MS and decoded at the called MS only once.

GBFD-114601 M Multi-cell function is a function based on which more than three cells (12 at most) are configured for a single BTS to improve system capacity. Multi-cell function meets the requirement of various networking scenarios, especially the dual-band networking.

GBFD-117801 M The BTS ring topology is a special chain or star topology. All the BTSs and the BSC in this topology are connected to form a ring.GBFD-113801 M TRX cooperation means that when a TRX in a cell is faulty, the BSC designates another available TRX in the cell to replace the original TRX.GBFD-117401 M An MSC pool is defined as a group of MSCs handling the traffic generated from one MSC pool area. A BSC belonging to an MSC pool area is connected to each MSC in the MSC pool. All the MSCs in the MSC pool implement load balancing and resource sharing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool, thus reducing inter-MSC handovers and providing redundancy.GBFD-119701 M SGSN Pool, also known as Gb Flex, enables multiple SGSNs to form a SGSN pool. A BSC belonging to an SGSN pool area is connected to all SGSNs in the related SGSN pool. The resources and load are shared by all the SGSNs in the pool, thus balancing the traffic load and reducing inter-SGSN handovers.GBFD-116601 M Abis Bypass is introduced in the network with the chain topology to avoid the problem of service disruption on other BTSs upon the power failure of one BTS. With the Abis Bypass feature, a bypass transmission link is formed within the BTS that is powered off to transfer data to other BTSs following the faulty BTS on the chain. Thus, the power failure of a BTS will not affect the normal services on the subsequent BTSs on the chain.GBFD-117802 M When a connection in the BTS ring topology is broken, the BTSs that follow the breakpoint automatically form a chain in the reverse direction.GBFD-113721 M FACCH frames and SACCH frames are repeatedly sent to improve the anti-interference performance of the FACCH link and SACCH link and to increase the possibility of successfully receiving the signaling messages by the MS and BSC.GBFD-117803 M When the active SDH transmission link is faulty due to e.g. a natural disaster, the GBSS automatically switches the terrestrial TDM transmission link over the Abis interface to a backup satellite transmission link, thus maintaining the normal operation of the network.GBFD-113725 E The BSC node redundancy is a function through which two BSCs form a redundancy group. The two BSCs in a redundancy group work in 1+1 load sharing mode. When one BSC in a redundancy group is faulty or all the signaling links on the A interface are faulty, the other BSC in this group takes over the voice and data services.GBFD-113726 M Huawei GBSS allows other BSCs to connect to the transcoder subracks (TCSs) of a certain BSC so that these BSCs share the TC resources. Thus, the TCSs form a TC pool.GBFD-113728 M The OML is the operation and maintenance link between the BSC and the BTS. When the OML is faulty, the BTS cannot work. With this feature, two OMLs can be configured on two independent E1s (one for each). When the active OML is faulty, the BTS uses the standby OML.

GBFD-510101 M AFC feature is used to compensate the Doppler frequency shift, thus ensuring successful high-speed access of the MSs and meeting the requirements of high-speed mobile communication services.GBFD-510102 M Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.GBFD-510103 M Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad. The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell.GBFD-510104 M The multi-site cell feature is a function based on which the multiple subsites that communicate with the same BBU are logically configured as one cell. In a multi-site cell, a BBU supports a maximum of six subsites, and each subsite supports a maximum of six TRXs.

GBFD-114301 M The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.GBFD-114302 M The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.GBFD-114321 M The QoS-based service distribution feature is introduced to optimize the utilization of resources in 2G and 3G networks. For example, voice services and low-rate data services are distributed to the 2G network, whereas high-rate data services are distributed to the 3G network to achieve high peak throughput.GBFD-114322 M In the case of co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, there is a possibility that a network is congested due to insufficient resources, whereas the other network has only a light traffic. The inter-RAT load-based handover in connected state feature is introduced to solve this problem.GBFD-114323 M 2G/3G inter-RAT cell reselection involves the cell reselection from GSM to UMTS and the cell reselection from UMTS to GSM. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.GBFD-114325 M Normally, after an MS terminates a call in a GSM cell, it camps on the GSM cell. When a neighboring UMTS cell meets the requirements for cell reselection, the MS camps on the UMTS cell after the cell reselection. Before initiating the UMTS cell reselection, the MS must receive system information and calculate cell reselection parameters. When the Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release feature is activated, the BSS determines the best neighboring UMTS cell based on the measurement information on the neighboring UMTS cells after the call termination in a GSM cell. Then, the BSS sends the frequency information on the neighboring UMTS cell through a Channel Release message to the MS to instruct it to camp on the UMTS cell. In this way, the MS camps on a UMTS cell without calculating cell reselection parameters, thus accelerating cell reselection.

GBFD-113901 M Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Abis interface is widely used.

GBFD-113902 M Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over A interface is widely used.GBFD-113903 M Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Ater interface is widely used.GBFD-113904 M Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Pb interface is widely used.GBFD-113905 M Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Gb interface is widely used.

GBFD-115201 M Two types of signaling links are available in the SS7 network: 64 kbit/s signaling link and 2 Mbit/s signaling link. The 2 Mbit/s signaling link is also called high-speed signaling link. The BSC uses the high-speed signaling links when the signaling load of the system is high.GBFD-115301 M The feature of local multiple signaling points enables one physical BSC to function as multiple logical BSCs. Each logical BSC has an SS7 signaling point code.

GBFD-114701 M The semipermanent link enables some of the idle E1 timeslots in the BSS system to be used to provide transmission paths for subscribers. The paths are used to transmit information such as business hall information, alarm information on the BTS AC power supply, and other maintenance information.GBFD-116401 M End-to-end MS signaling tracing is a function based on which the network administrator traces the activities of each NE when an event occurs.GBFD-116402 M When a network is under certain maintenance operations such as construction, expansion, upgrade, or commissioning, some NEs may report a large number of alarms. These alarms are automatically cleared after the maintenance operations are complete. Maintenance mode alarm feature can manage these alarms. This avoids the impacts of such alarms on normal network monitoring and improves network OM efficiency.

GBFD-117602 M For better results of Power Control, the MS and BTS should transmit signals at a proper power instead of the maximum power when the connection is initially established. To achieve this, Active Power Control should be enabled.

GBFD-113501 M The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.GBFD-113503 M The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.GBFD-113521 M This describes the improvements in A5 ciphering algorithm against security problems. The ciphering procedure is optimized on the basis of the characteristics of the Um interface transmission in GSM, and thereby enhances transmission security and network bugging defense.GBFD-113522 M The encrypted network management feature is based on the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, which allows the M2000 to set up an SSL-based TCP transmission channel between the M2000 server and an NE.GBFD-113523 M With this feature, the Network Address Translation (NAT) firewall is deployed on the LMT side and the M2000 side to maintain the network security without affecting the normal connections between devices.

GBFD-113301 M Enhanced full rate (EFR) is adopted. In comparison to FR, EFR optimizes the speech codec algorithm and improves the speech quality.GBFD-113401 M If the full-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 16 kbit/s for coding and transmission. If the half-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 8 kbit/s for coding and transmission. Thus, when half-rate speech channels are used, a channel of 16 kbit/s on the terrestrial interface Abis can be used to carry two speech services.GBFD-113402 M This feature enables the dynamic conversion of a FR TCH into HR and vice versa.

GBFD-113601 M The Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB), cell broadcast service (CBS) for short, refers to the information broadcast service for the MSs in the idle state within a specified area known as the cell broadcast area.GBFD-113602 M The simplified cell broadcast provides the simple cell broadcast service without the CBC system.

GBFD-115601 M ALC adjusts the gain of uplink and downlink digital speech signals every 20 ms and changes the amplitude of digital speech signals in static or dynamic mode. This keeps the voice level of the entire network within an appropriate range, prevents volume fluctuation for the two parties during a call, and prevents voice distortion.GBFD-115602 M Acoustic echoing refers to a phenomenon in which a calling party can hear not only the voice of the called party but also his/her own voice when making a call to another MS. The Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) feature of the BSC is implemented by the DSP of the DPU board. The DSP analyzes the uplink and downlink digital voice signals, searches for acoustic echoes in the uplink speech signals, and suppresses the acoustic echoes.GBFD-115603 M ANR reduces the background noise in the uplink and downlink speech signals and improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speech intelligibility. In this way, the other party of the call can clearly hear the voice.GBFD-115701 M To improve the quality of speech signals, Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is introduced to pass by the TC decoder when the originating MS and the terminating MS use the same speech version. The speech signal is coded at the originating MS and decoded at the terminating MS, and is transparently transmitted between the TCs at the two ends. Thus, the process of encoding and decoding by the TC is eliminated to improve the quality of the speech signal.GBFD-115703 M ANC adaptively raises the volume of the voice from the other end when the background noise is loud at the local end.GBFD-115704 M In the communication system, the bit error of the transmission link may be caused by the mobile terminal, interference between transmission links, or changes in the load of the TRX. When bit error occurs in voice transmission, at least one frame is lost before it arrives at the decoder, and thus the voice quality deteriorates. EPLC predicts the information contained in the missing frame by using the information contained in the good frames and by considering the correlation between the previous frames and subsequent frames of the missing frame. In this way, the voice quality is improved.GBFD-116801 M The voice quality index (VQI) feature provides a direct method of measuring the voice quality of the radio network. By measuring the uplink VQI and downlink VQI, the voice quality of the network is quantified, which provides a reference for future network optimization.GBFD-117501 M GSM will coexist with UMTS for a long time. To obtain better performance of the interoperability between the UMTS network and the GSM network and to obtain more measurement information about the neighboring cells, a new type of measurement report (MR), that is, the enhanced measurement report (EMR), is introduced.GBFD-117101 M BTS power lift for handover function determines whether the BTS of the serving cell transmits signals at the maximum power during a handover. The BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the handover to ensure the success of the handover.GBFD-115522 M Handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH performs decision based on handover algorithm II.GBFD-115705 N Voice Quality Enhancement. Based on VQE1.0, some optimization is brought into VQE3.0. In VQE3.0, the system can distinguish music and RBT services from noises more accurately, the function of real-time speech monitoring over the network is supported, the ACLP feature is added, and the AEC, ALC, ANC, and ANR features are enhanced.GBFD-115707 N The user experience evaluation system categorizes the factors that affect user experience of mobile terminals into five types, with each type defined different KPIs and call history record (CHR) information.

GBFD-115501 M AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. FR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 12.2 kbit/s.GBFD-115502 M AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. HR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s.GBFD-115503 M The procedure of power control for AMR calls is similar to that for non-AMR calls. In Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm, parameters related to AMR power control are configured separately from those related to non-AMR power control. The AMR calls and non-AMR calls can adopt different power control strategies.GBFD-115504 M AMR FR/HR Dynamic Adjustment, consists of the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and the AMR TCHH-TCHF handover.GBFD-115505 M With AMR Wireless Link Timer, we can adjust the values of some parameters to improve the robustness of the SACCH frame, enhance the network coverage performance of AMR, and decrease the call drop rate.GBFD-115506 M The AMR rate adjustment threshold adaptation function enables the BSC to monitor the speech quality in real time and to adaptively modify the threshold parameters. Thus, an appropriate AMR codec mode can always be selected for the call.GBFD-115507 M The sampling frequency of WB AMR is 16 kHz, and the speech frequency ranges from 50 Hz to 7 kHz. Compared with AMR, WB AMR has wide high frequency extension and low frequency extension. Thus, WB AMR can provide better speech quality. In the GSM system, WB AMR specifies five speech coding rates. In addition, WB AMR occupies only full-rate channels. Rates: 6.60 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 23.85 kbit/s.

GBFD-119901 M In the case of streaming class, the BSC allocates radio blocks to users according to the GBR of the QoS attributes and ensures that the data transmission rates meet the requirements of streaming class. If streaming services support resource preemption, high-priority streaming services can preempt the radio blocks of low-priority streaming services when radio resources are insufficient. This ensures that high-priority services can preferentially use radio resources. If streaming services do not support resource preemption, the GBRs are decreased; when radio resources become sufficient, the GBRs are restored to the negotiated values. When the BSC needs to decrease or restore GBRs, it requests the SGSN to modify the GBRs through the PFM procedures.GBFD-119902 M This feature describes the QoS attributes of ARP and THP.

GBFD-119904 M PS Active Package Management is a feature used to maintain the buffer queue length within an appropriate range by discarding data packets in the buffer queue actively. It increases data throughput and reduces service delay at the price of buffer utilization.GBFD-119905 M PoC (Push-to-talk over Cellular) services belong to the real-time packet services and have strict requirements on bandwidth and transfer delay. The scheduling priority of conversational services and PoC services is higher than other services. The bandwidth requirement of PoC services is guaranteed by the GBR mechanism of streaming class. To meet the low transfer delay requirement of PoC services, the BSC takes many optimization measures, such as preferentially scheduling PoC services, using a low-rate coding scheme, and using the policy of balanced channel allocation between uplink and downlink.GBFD-119906 M This feature describes the QoS attributes of BE services.GBFD-119907 N This feature describes the QoS attributes of Conversational service.

GBFD-116201 M Network Control Mode 2 (NC2) indicates network-controlled cell reselection. The BSC determines whether to perform cell reselection according to the packet measurement report from the MS, the current load in the serving cell and in the neighboring cells.GBFD-116301 M Network Assisted Cell Change. The NACC procedure enables the MS to obtain the SI of the target cell before the cell reselection. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.GBFD-119801 M NACC is generally combined with PACKET SI STATUS. The PACKET SI STATUS procedure is initiated if the MS does not obtain the complete SI of the target cell through the NACC procedure. The combination of these two procedures ensures the normal operation of PS services, thus reducing the service delay or disruption.

GBFD-114101 M General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a type of end-to-end packet switched service based on the GSM technology. It supports GMSK CS-1 to CS-4. The maximum rate of a single channel is 20 kbit/s.GBFD-510001 M Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS paging messages to the MS.GBFD-118901 M Coding Scheme 3/4. CS3=14.4 kbps, CS4=20.0 kbps.GBFD-114201 M EGPRS is the Enhanced GPRS. In addition to GMSK, EGPRS also uses the 8 Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) modulation scheme to increase the peak rate of a single channel to 59.2 kbit/s.GBFD-113101 M The dynamic PDCH conversion and dynamic PDCH release adjust PDCHs properly based on the service requirements and actual network conditions.GBFD-510002 M In Gb over FR mode the physical layer of the Gb interface uses the FR (Frame Relay) protocol.

GBFD-119201 M The Packet Channel Request message is a 11-bit access burst.GBFD-119202 M A method to reduce the MS access time. In this way, the packet assignment message is sent by the BTS and thus the MS access delay is reduced by 100 ms.GBFD-119203 M Support of extended uplink TBF. Depending on the network setting, the BSC notifies in the system information the MS of whether to send the dummy control block when the MS has no other block to transmit in extended TBF mode. This is an enhanced feature of the extended uplink TBF, as described in 3GPP TS 44.060 (Release 6). If the MS does not send the dummy control block when it has no other block to transmit to the network in extended TBF mode, the message flow on the Um interface can be decreased, thus increasing the performance of the MS and the BSC and reducing the MS power consumption.GBFD-119204 M The BSC adjusts the uplink coding scheme according to the downlink BEP (Bit Error Probability) measurement report sent from the MS.GBFD-119205 M Dynamic adjustment of transmission interval of the RRBP field is a process in which the BSC transmits downlink data with the RRBP field at different intervals depending on whether an uplink TBF exists and whether the delayed release of the downlink TBF is performed at an early stage or at a late stage. Thus, the speed of establishing an uplink TBF on the downlink is increased.GBFD-119302 M The BSC obtains the information about all PDCHs in the cell that can be allocated to MSs and determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink PDCHs. This provides a basis for subsequent PDCH allocation.GBFD-119303 M Dynamic PDCH conversion for load sharing.GBFD-119501 M The BSC determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink channels that can be allocated to the MS according to specific principles.GBFD-119305 M In BSS paging coordination mode, the BSC determines whether the CS paging message is sent on the PACCH or on the PCH. In GPRS-capable networks, the paging success rate increases when BSS paging coordination is enabled.GBFD-119502 M To achieve the minimum possible time delay, Huawei introduces the PS Handover feature that can allocate radio resources to the MS in the target cell before the cell reselection is performed. Thus, the delay is shortened to not more than 150 ms. In addition, the PS Handover feature considers factors such as signal level and load of the neighboring cells before cell reselection is performed. This ensures a high success rate of the PS handover and great data throughput in the target cell, thus improving the QoS.GBFD-119503 M The TBF can be allocated before the MS transmits the actual data, thereby reducing the service access delay.GBFD-119504 N PS power control is a technology based on which the transmit power of the MS or BTS is adjusted according to the quality of the link over the Um interface after setup. In this manner, the transmit power is reduced without affecting the link quality, thus reducing the network interference and expanding the network capacity.

GBFD-119401 M Extended dynamic allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput. For an MS of multislot classes 32-33, the extended dynamic allocation (EDA) function must be used if the MS requires more than three channels in the uplink.GBFD-119402 M The BSC supports MS high multislot class (HMC) channel allocation. For an MS of multislot classes 30-33, the BSC can allocate a maximum of five channels in the uplink or downlink to the MS.GBFD-114151 M Dual Transfer Mode. Simultaneous CS and PS service.GBFD-119403 M Compared with DTM, class 11 DTM doubles the uplink bandwidth of data services.GBFD-119404 M Compared with DTM, High Multislot Class (HMC) DTM further improves the uplink and downlink bandwidth of data services.GBFD-119405 M Huawei GSM BSS supports the transfer of PS services on individual speech channels with a high rate of 14.4 kbit/s for transparent data services.

GBFD-116001 M With priority-based resource reservation, the system reserves a certain number of TCHFs for the high-priority users to ensure their QoS.GBFD-115001 M The Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) is a supplementary service offered by the GSM system. When the eMLPP feature is enabled, the MS with a high priority has advantages in terms of the call setup rate, call completion capability, and service continuity. When TCHs are insufficient, for example, during traffic peak hours, the calls with a higher priority can preempt the resources of the calls with a lower priority.GBFD-110521 M The emergency call guarantee feature is the enhancement of the emergency call feature. With the emergency call guarantee feature, the setup success rate of emergency calls is improved to the greatest extent.GBFD-115002 M When the BSC is enabled with the Flow Control Based on Cell Priority feature, the BSC preferentially processes the call requests from VIP cells and the paging requests from VIP users on the CN side if the BSC is overloaded.

GBFD-118103 M Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) is used to reduce the impact of interference on the reception of downlink signals through a signal processing technology.

GBFD-115401 M Huawei provides services of locating an MS according to the cell ID and TA on both the NSS and BSS side.GBFD-115402 M Huawei provides services of locating an MS according to the cell ID and TA on both the NSS and BSS side.

GBFD-115403 M Based on the current user tracing, the BSC calculates the location information and then sends the location result to the LMT, including the CGI, TA, longitude and latitude of cells, tilt, and error.GBFD-115404 N The Lb interface is a protocol-defined standard interface for interconnecting the BSC and the Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC).

GBFD-118601 M In Abis over IP mode, signaling and speech signals are transmitted over the Abis interface by using the IP technology. On the Abis interface, the signaling plane uses the LAPD over UDP/IP protocol stack and the user plane uses the PTRAU over UDP/IP protocol stack for transmission.GBFD-118611 M The Abis interface supports IP over E1/T1.GBFD-118604 M Abis multiplexing encapsulates multiple PDUs into one packet, thus reducing the UDP/IP/L2/L1 header transmission overhead and resulting in improved transmission efficiency.

GBFD-118602 M In A over IP mode, signaling and speech signals are transmitted over the A interface by using the IP technology. On the A interface, the signaling plane uses the SCCP/M3UA/SCTP/IP protocol stack and the user plane uses the RTP/UDP/IP protocol stack for transmission. The function of transcoding from TRAU to PCM is taken over by the MGW from the TCS.GBFD-118622 M The A interface supports IP over E1/T1.GBFD-118610 M UDP Multiplexing for A Transmission is a transport bearer multiplexing technology.GBFD-118623 N A over TDM/IP Dual-Stack Transmission is a feature based on which the BSC uses both TDM and IP to transmit signaling and traffic over the A interface.

GBFD-118603 M In Gb over IP mode, signaling and PS signals are transmitted over the Gb interface by using IP technology. The BSSGP/NS/UDP/IP protocol stack is used on the Gb interface for transmission.

GBFD-118605 M

GBFD-118607 M IP performance monitoring (IP PM) is a method of detecting the QoS of the IP transport network.GBFD-118609 M Bidirectional Forwarding Detection is a means to quickly detect link faults.GBFD-118630 M The ETH OAM (Ethernet Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) provides end-to-end and point-to-point Ethernet link OAM functions. Currently, it complies with two protocols, namely, IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah.

GBFD-510601 M PICO Automatic Configuration and Planning involves automatic configuration of the device data, service data, and some of the transmission parameters.GBFD-510602 M No description available.GBFD-510603 N PICO BTS supports not only single-band automatic planning but also dual-band automatic planning on the mixed 900/1800 MHz and 850/1900 MHz frequency bands.GBFD-510604 N The USB encryption function enables the encryption of the files in a USB device so that the files are not displayed as plain text. In this way, the risk of information disclosure due to loss or stealing of the files in the USB device is reduced.GBFD-510605 N The PICO BTS filters out illegal packets at the receiving ports after analyzing the packets so that they cannot enter the PICO BTS. In this manner, the robustness and anti-attack capability of the PICO BTS are improved.GBFD-510606 N Power consumption is reduced by shutting down the power amplifiers of the TRXs in the cell during the specified period.GBFD-510607 N The M2000 periodically analyzes the uplink and downlink interference-related traffic statistics of the PICO BTS. When the working frequency of the PICO BTS is severely interfered, the M2000 instructs the PICO BTS to restart uplink and downlink frequency scanning. Based on the frequency scanning result, the M2000 selects the frequency with the minimum interference as the working frequency of the PICO BTS. Through the automatic optimization of the working frequency, the PICO BTS avoids the use of the frequency with severe interference so that the speech quality and traffic KPIs are improved significantly in the coverage area. Thus, the handover success rate increases and the call drop rate decreases in the coverage area.

GBFD-510701 M The function of automatic frequency planning of Compact BTS enables the automatic configuration of device data and service data of the BTS.GBFD-510702 M The automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS mainly applies to simple network structure. Initially, the BTS is configured with a single frequency. As the traffic volume increases, the system may activate another frequency by performing the automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS and distribute transmit power between the two frequencies.GBFD-510704 N Automatic neighboring cell planning applies to the scenario where a BTS is newly deployed in an existing GSM network. It is necessary only when BTSs have overlapping coverage areas. Automatic neighboring cell optimization is a feature with which the M2000 automatically starts the BTS neighboring cell optimization after determining that a neighboring cell is redundant or missing by analyzing MRs.GBFD-510705 Timing power-off of the compact BTS consists of BTS power-off and BTS sleeping at night. If there is no traffic or light traffic in a certain period, the power-off and power-on time of the compact BTS can be configured on the BSC. Also during night the BTS is put in sleeping mode.GBFD-510706 A feature that allows the management of all users under the compact BTS serving area, e.g. subsciber registration, service provisioning, etc.)

GBFD-510301 M A VGCS call is a half-duplex group call that is established in a predefined area for multiple service subscribers to participate in. Simply, VGCS is a service where several persons talk and more persons listen.GBFD-510303 M When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.GBFD-510305 M During VGCS call initiation, the initiator does not seize a dedicated channel; instead, the network regards the initiator as a talker and assigns the initiator a group call channel to establish the VGCS call. Thus, the dedicated channels can be saved. group call channel to the talker. Compared with the normal VGCS call initiation, the initiation of a VGCS call through only one channel saves TCHs and A-interface circuits.GBFD-510306 M Talker identification is a process in which the information about the talking subscriber is sent to listening subscribers when a VGCS subscriber talks on the uplink of the group call channel.GBFD-510307 M The eMLPP service provides seven priorities (A, B, 0-4). During call establishment or handover, a group or MS with high priority can be preferentially assigned radio resources or preempt the radio resources seized by an MS with low priority.GBFD-510308 M To initiate a fast VGCS call, an MS sends an Immediate Setup message to request the establishment of the VGCS call.GBFD-510309 M Enhancement of VGCS consists of fallback and VGCS resource check. Fallback: If the requirement for service continuity is high, the fallback function is provided in the BTS coverage area when the BTS is out of service because of transmission failure. VGCS resource check: Periodical VGCS resource checks are performed on the BSC and BTS to eliminate inconsistent VGCS calls. At present, the VGCS resource check function can be used to solve the problem that a VGCS call exists on the BTS side but does not exist on the BSC side.

GBFD-510302 M VBS is a service where one person talks and several persons listen (no limitation on the number of listeners). The difference between VGCS and VBS is that only the initiator is allowed to talk during a VBS call and other members are always in the listening state.GBFD-510304 M When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.GBFD-510310 M If the core network of the traditional GSM system cannot be replaced with the GSM-R core network, GSM-R services and traditional GSM services can be processed in the same network. That is, the BSC implements the function of forwarding GSM-R services.

GBFD-510501 M Huawei's proprietary handover algorithm.GBFD-510502 M In the handover procedure generally, if the BSC does not receive a response from the MS but receives an Error Indication message from the BTS after sending the Handover Command to the MS, the BSC regards that call drop occurs and then initiates the release procedure. After Handover Re-establishment is enabled, the BSC initiates the procedure for re-establishing the connection at the data link layer of the Um interface on the source channel. If the connection re-establishment is successful, the MS resumes the call without a call drop.

GBFD-118701 M RAN Sharing enables multiple operators to share the network resources on the BSS side while keeping their own subscribers and services.GBFD-118702 N The Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) shared cell feature enables multiple operators to share a cell when using their respective CN equipment.GBFD-118703 N With the help of this feature, operators can divide a network into multiple areas, which are called handover shared areas, at the BSC based on location areas. In addition, operators can configure the mapping between the IMSI ranges and the handover shared areas to limit the areas to which an MS can be handed over. In this way, the MS can be handed over to only the cells in the handover shared area that maps to the IMSI of the MS.

GBFD-510801 M The definition of Mobile Station Receive Diversity (MSRD) is as follows: An extra antenna is configured on the MS to improve the downlink receive performance of the MS.GBFD-510802 M The dual carriers in downlink feature is an enhanced solution for downlink packet data rate, in which two downlink carriers are supported and the downlink data rate is doubled, that is, the downlink data rate of the EGPRS system is increased from 473.6 kbit/s to 947.2 kbit/s.GBFD-510803 M In the uplink direction, EGPRS2-A increases the data rate by using the 16QAM modulation scheme.GBFD-510804 M In the downlink direction, EGPRS2-A increases the data rate by using the Turbo codes and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM)/32QAM modulation scheme.GBFD-510805 M Latency Reduction is a feature that aims to improve latency within GERAN. The Latency Reduction feature can only be enabled in cells that support EDGE.

GBFD-510901 M Together with the Nastar network optimization tool, Huawei GSM BSS can analyze the 2G/3G neighboring cell configuration based on numerous measurement reports (MRs) from MSs, show the analysis result on the map, and find out missing or redundant 3G neighboring cells for the GSM serving cell.

GBFD-511001 M With this feature, telecom operators can temporarily withdraw the license limitation in the case of a sudden increase in traffic volume due to natural disasters, holidays, or a faulty BSC in the BSC Pool scenario. For each release version of BSC6900, the operation personnel have three chances to enable this feature. The validity period is seven days each time.GBFD-511002 N With the access control (ACC) feature, the BSC can control the number of MSs accessing the network at a certain time by allowing only the MSs of a certain ACC class to access the network.

GBFD-511101 M When the Co-RRM feature is used, the BSC6900 can select the target cell according to the traffic load in the cell before initiating an inter-RAT handover.GBFD-511102 N If the Iur-g interface exists between the UTRAN and the GERAN, the UTRAN-to-GERAN NACC procedure is an optimized NACC procedure. In this case, the UE obtains the SI of the target cell directly over the Iur-g interface.GBFD-511103 N The BSC6900 enables the redirection and handover between the GSM and UMTS systems based on the load condition and difference in each network. In this way, the two networks in the same coverage area can have similar load conditions, thus reducing the risk of access congestion.GBFD-511104 N The inter-RAT service distribution is performed in two directions: UMTS to GSM (controlled by the RNC) and GSM to UMTS (controlled by the BSC). As a result of load-based system redirection and handover, the CS services will mainly be handled by the GSM network whereas the high-rate data services will mainly be handled by the UMTS network.

GBFD-511201 M With the 2G/3G Co-Transmission by TDM Switching feature, Huawei SingleRAN equipment uses the TDM timeslot cross connection function to enable the SDH to be shared by the GSM traffic and UMTS traffic.GBFD-511202 N IP transmission ports and IP transport networks are shared between GSM ad UMTS.GBFD-511203 N The GSM and UMTS traffic can be multiplexed onto the same SDH/PDH network through the TDM timeslot cross-connect function. Through the fractional ATM or fractional IP function, the RNC and NodeB can map ATM cells or IP packets onto several E1 timeslots. TDM timeslots can be shared by the GU networks on the Abis and Iub interfaces respectively.GBFD-511205 N The GSM and UMTS bandwidth allocation uni-control feature improves the utilization efficiency of transmission resources while ensuring the fairness of transmission bandwidth allocation between GSM and UMTS.GBFD-511312 N GSM LTE co-transmission on the base station side can be based on IP over Ethernet or IP over E1/T1.

GBFD-511204 N The common clock solution is supported by Huawei MBTSs sharing a common baseband unit (BBU).GBFD-511311 N The common clock solution is supported by Huawei MBTSs sharing a common baseband unit (BBU).

GBFD-511206 N This feature is applied to the scenario where GSM TRXs and UMTS TRXs, or GSM+UMTS dual-mode TRXs, are in the same BTS cabinet, and uses the same BBU and groups of storage batteries. If the mains power supply fails and thus the base station is provided with power by storage batteries, operators can automatically shut down GSM TRXs (or UMTS TRXs) or stop providing GSM services (or UMTS services) by using the function of Active Backup Power Control according to the priorities of the GSM network and UMTS network.

GBFD-511301 N Inter-RAT cell reselection between GERAN and EUTRAN involves the cell reselection from GERAN to EUTRAN and the cell reselection from EUTRAN to GERAN. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.GBFD-511302 N The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports coverage-based handover.GBFD-511303 N The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports quality-based handover.GBFD-511304 N The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports load-based handover.GBFD-511305 N The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports handover based on priority of neighbour cells.GBFD-511306 N The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports service-based handover.GBFD-511307 N eNC2 is network-controlled cell reselection between GSM and LTE. Compared with the autonomous cell reselection of the MS, the network-controlled cell reselection comprehensively considers such factors as the receive level and load status in the serving cell and the neighboring cells so that the MS can reselect a proper cell. In this way, the loads in the cells can be balanced.GBFD-511308 N The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.GBFD-511309 N In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.

GBFD-511401 N Iur-g interface between the RNC and the BSC is used to achieve common measurement and information exchange between 2G and 3G networks.

GBFD-511402 N The enhanced radio resource reserved handover based on Iur-g applies to the scenarios where the GSM and TD-SCDMA networks provide coverage for the same area. The enhanced radio resource reserved handover procedure consists of the standard handover procedure between GSM and TD-SCDMA and the radio resource reservation procedure. The radio resource reservation procedure is achieved through the information exchange over the Iur-g interface between the BSC and the RNC. That is, the BSC reserves a channel for the MS to be handed over from the TD-SCDMA network. In this way, the BSC performs the radio resource reservation procedure that originally involves the Core Network (CN) in advance. In this case, delay caused by handovers between GSM and TD-SCDMA is reduced, and the handover success rate is improved.

GBFD-511501 M In common cases, one cell is configured with one BCCH physical channel, which is configured on timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX. The feature of Multiple CCCHs (GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs) also allows one to configure timeslots 2, 4, and 6 of the BCCH TRX as BCCH physical channels.

The PBT is a power boost technology. In PBT mode, the two TRXs in the double-transceiver unit are used as one TRX. After modulation and DA conversion, one signal output is divided into two RF signals. These two signals are amplified and then combined to form one signal. As the two signals are aligned in phase, the transmit power is amplified and the downlink signal strength is increased.Transmit diversity can help to improve the quality of the signals received by the MS and reduce the effect of multipath fading. When Transmit Diversity is enabled, one baseband signal is transmitted through two RF channels. The combined signals in the multipath transmission are optimized. Thus, the impact of Rayleigh fading on the MS is reduced.To suppress Rayleigh fading, four-way receive diversity is implemented in the TRX board, that is, four receive paths receive the same signal separately. Then, the four RX signals are combined into one according to the specified algorithm. In this way, a strong useful signal is obtained, and the uplink gain is enhanced.Dynamic Transmit Diversity is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. The two channels with the same timeslot number on the two TRXs can work as a channel group if required. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage.Dynamic PBT is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. If required, the two channels of the same timeslot number on the two TRXs work as a channel group. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage. Dynamic PBT increases resource utilization and assists in expanding the coverage.In the existing network, the BSC controls multiple BTSs and manages BTS radio resources, and the BTS handles services. In the case of PS services, the BTS determines whether to use GMSK or 8PSK modulation scheme according to the service type of the BSC. In 8PSK modulation scheme, the maximum transmit power of a TRX is improved through enhanced EDGE coverage so that the maximum output power of high-rate PS services is the same as that of CS services. In this way, the average output power of high-rate PS services in 8PSK modulation scheme is the same as that of CS services.

In a multi-band network, in a co-BSC network topology, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use the same BSC, or multiband BTSs are connected to the same BSC.The enhanced dual-band network is an improvement on the existing dual-band network. It is implemented as follows: physically, two single-band cells are located at the same layer and have the same priority but different coverage areas; logically, the two cells serve as neighboring cells of each other and form a cell group, namely, one overlaid cell and one underlaid cell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables channel sharing and load balancing between the two cells in the cell group.Flex MAIO is a feature through which the BSC dynamically adjusts the MAIO according to the current interference level of a channel when assigning an MAIO to the channel (note that the BSC assigns an MAIO to only a channel under activation). In this way, the BSC assigns the MAIO with the minimum interference to the channel, and the channel experiences the minimum interference in the BTS.Interference Cancellation Combining. In the actual network, the interference on different diversity antennas comes from the same interference source. Therefore, the interference has a certain correlation. ICC uses this correlation to eliminate some interference.Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining. EICC is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference.

With FH, different bursts are transmitted on different frequencies, but the frequency remains unchanged for each burst.In GSM, the frequency of the BCCH must remain unchanged, that is, the BCCH cannot participate in FH. In baseband FH, other channels on the BCCH TRX except the BCCH can participate in FH to obtain FH gains. In RF FH, the transmit frequency of each TRX changes. Therefore, the BCCH TRX cannot participate in RF FH.Antenna frequency hopping provides transmit diversity on the downlink. User data is coded and interleaved to obtain the transmit signal S. S is divided into S1 and S2, which are then transmitted through different antennas.The BCCH dense frequency multiplexing technology is applicable to the network with limited frequency resources. It helps to increase the reusability of BCCH frequencies and reduce the number of frequencies used by the BCCHs. Therefore, more frequencies can be used at the FH layer.E-GSM: UL=880-915 MHz, DL=925-960 MHz; R-GSM: UL=876-915 MHz, DL=921-960 MHz.

In Soft-Synchronized Network technology the FNs and symbol offsets of the BTSs are adjusted by means of software to synchronize timeslots in the frames. In this case, the BTSs use the planned FNs and symbol offsets to achieve synchronization.The BTS GPS Synchronization feature enables a BTS clock to be synchronized with the GPS clock source.

The IEEE1588 V2 solution uses the same server/client architecture as the clock over IP solution. In the IEEE1588 V2 solution, the IPCLK1000 acts as the server, and the Huawei base station is embedded with the synchronization client. The clock over IP solution and the IEEE1588 V2 solution differ with respect to the clock synchronization procedure and the frame format. As for the frame format, the clock over IP solution complies with the Huawei proprietary standard, whereas the IEEE1588 V2 solution complies with the IEEE1588 V2 standard.The synchronous Ethernet solution has the same basic principles as SDH and PDH network clock synchronization. That is, a higher-level device encodes clock signals into serial data bit streams and a lower-level device receives the serial data bit streams from the physical layer to extract and trace the higher-level clock.

Huawei III Power Control algorithm involves MR interpolation, MR filtering, calculation FH gain, and calculation of adjustment step based on the FH gain.The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the BTS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the MS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.When the cell is enabled with TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown, all the TRXs except the one carrying the BCCH can be powered off. That is, the cell can keep providing services for subscribers even if the TRXs are shut down.TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown on the timeslot level is supported and the power consumption of the power amplifier on the timeslot level is zero. There are eight timeslots in a TRX. If only one timeslot has traffic and the other seven timeslots are idle, the power amplifier is working only in the timeslot with the traffic, and is shut down in the other seven timeslots.Intelligent Combiner Bypass (ICB) applies to double-transceiver unit. When the non-BCCH TRX is idle, the BCCH TRX is in ICB mode with a capacity of one TRX. The lowest voltage is used by power amplifier on the BCCH TRX, and the output power of a single power amplifier on the BCCH TRX is 15 W/10 W. After Power Boost Technology (PBT) is used on the BCCH TRX, the transmit power on top of the cabinet of the BCCH TRX is the same as that of a single power amplifier, that is, 60 W/40 W.When the mains supply is cut off, the BTS uses the storage battery as a back up power supply. The battery capacity, however, is limited, and the BSC reduces the power consumption of the BTS by shutting down some TRXs or decreasing the maximum transmit power of the TRX to prolong the battery discharge time.Power optimization based on channel type refers to the technology that the voltage is provided for TRX power amplifiers based on different modulation modes of channels so that the BTS power consumption can be decreased.The PSU smart control feature switches on only the required PSUs and shuts down the redundant PSUs to improve the efficiency of the power system and preserve the lifetime of the power system.Huawei introduces enhanced BCCH power consumption optimization, through which the power of the non-BCCH timeslots of BCCH TRX can be reduced.To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.When the transmit power of the TRX power amplifier decreases, the working voltage of the TRX can be lowered in the condition that the power gain of the TRX power amplifier remains almost the same. In this way, the power consumption of the TRX power amplifier and the overall power consumption of the BTS are also reduced.The Multi-Carrier Intelligent Voltage Regulation feature is introduced to dynamically adjust the working voltage of the TRX according to the dynamic changes of the working states of the TRX. Through this feature, the BTS power consumption is significantly reduced.Weather adaptive power management determines the proper volume of energy consumption based on the available energy sources (the electric power is generated by the solar battery, not by the algorithm or storage battery). The general principle is to keep balance between energy consumption and generation, to prevent power failures and energy wastes at the same time.

When the function of the 16 kbit/s LAPD signaling link (OML and RSL) is enabled, each signaling link occupies only 16 kbit/s bandwidth at the physical layer, thus saving the transmission resources on the Abis interface.In an actual network, not all the BTSs or cells are busy and not both the PS and CS services have a high traffic volume at a specific time. Generally, if the load of one BTS is heavy, the load of other BTSs is light; if the traffic volume of the PS service is high, that of the CS service is low, and vice versa. Flex Abis (Flexible Abis) enables the sharing of the Abis interface transmission resources among different BTSs, cells, and services, and thus improves the resource utilization. Flex Abis is a mode of allocating the Abis interface transmission resources. That is, the Abis interface transmission resources form a resource pool that is shared by the CS service and PS service (including idle timeslots) among different cells and BTSs.BTS local switching is triggered when the BTS detects that the calling MS and the called MS of a call are under the same BTS, in the same BTS group, or in the same local switching area.When allocating channels, the BSC determines whether to trigger rate adjustment based on the (flex) Abis usage in the cell.

Flex Ater is a function based on which Ater resources are allocated according to the channel type during the call establishment. If TCHFs are allocated on the Um interface, 16 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface. If TCHHs are allocated on the Um interface, 8 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface.BSC local switching is performed on the BSS side without involving NEs on the NSS side. In other words, the speech signals are not sent to the MSC.Ater Compression Transmission is a technology in which the TransCoder Subrack (TCS) of the BSC is located remotely and the IP over PPP over Ch-STM-1 transmission mode is used to carry signals when the Ater interface is in TDM transmission mode.

The TrFO feature enables the calling MS and called MS to use the same speech coding/decoding scheme. Thus, the speech signal is coded at the calling MS and decoded at the called MS only once.

Multi-cell function is a function based on which more than three cells (12 at most) are configured for a single BTS to improve system capacity. Multi-cell function meets the requirement of various networking scenarios, especially the dual-band networking.

The BTS ring topology is a special chain or star topology. All the BTSs and the BSC in this topology are connected to form a ring.TRX cooperation means that when a TRX in a cell is faulty, the BSC designates another available TRX in the cell to replace the original TRX.An MSC pool is defined as a group of MSCs handling the traffic generated from one MSC pool area. A BSC belonging to an MSC pool area is connected to each MSC in the MSC pool. All the MSCs in the MSC pool implement load balancing and resource sharing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool, thus reducing inter-MSC handovers and providing redundancy.SGSN Pool, also known as Gb Flex, enables multiple SGSNs to form a SGSN pool. A BSC belonging to an SGSN pool area is connected to all SGSNs in the related SGSN pool. The resources and load are shared by all the SGSNs in the pool, thus balancing the traffic load and reducing inter-SGSN handovers.Abis Bypass is introduced in the network with the chain topology to avoid the problem of service disruption on other BTSs upon the power failure of one BTS. With the Abis Bypass feature, a bypass transmission link is formed within the BTS that is powered off to transfer data to other BTSs following the faulty BTS on the chain. Thus, the power failure of a BTS will not affect the normal services on the subsequent BTSs on the chain.When a connection in the BTS ring topology is broken, the BTSs that follow the breakpoint automatically form a chain in the reverse direction.FACCH frames and SACCH frames are repeatedly sent to improve the anti-interference performance of the FACCH link and SACCH link and to increase the possibility of successfully receiving the signaling messages by the MS and BSC.When the active SDH transmission link is faulty due to e.g. a natural disaster, the GBSS automatically switches the terrestrial TDM transmission link over the Abis interface to a backup satellite transmission link, thus maintaining the normal operation of the network.The BSC node redundancy is a function through which two BSCs form a redundancy group. The two BSCs in a redundancy group work in 1+1 load sharing mode. When one BSC in a redundancy group is faulty or all the signaling links on the A interface are faulty, the other BSC in this group takes over the voice and data services.Huawei GBSS allows other BSCs to connect to the transcoder subracks (TCSs) of a certain BSC so that these BSCs share the TC resources. Thus, the TCSs form a TC pool.The OML is the operation and maintenance link between the BSC and the BTS. When the OML is faulty, the BTS cannot work. With this feature, two OMLs can be configured on two independent E1s (one for each). When the active OML is faulty, the BTS uses the standby OML.

AFC feature is used to compensate the Doppler frequency shift, thus ensuring successful high-speed access of the MSs and meeting the requirements of high-speed mobile communication services.Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad. The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell.The multi-site cell feature is a function based on which the multiple subsites that communicate with the same BBU are logically configured as one cell. In a multi-site cell, a BBU supports a maximum of six subsites, and each subsite supports a maximum of six TRXs.

The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.The QoS-based service distribution feature is introduced to optimize the utilization of resources in 2G and 3G networks. For example, voice services and low-rate data services are distributed to the 2G network, whereas high-rate data services are distributed to the 3G network to achieve high peak throughput.In the case of co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, there is a possibility that a network is congested due to insufficient resources, whereas the other network has only a light traffic. The inter-RAT load-based handover in connected state feature is introduced to solve this problem.2G/3G inter-RAT cell reselection involves the cell reselection from GSM to UMTS and the cell reselection from UMTS to GSM. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.Normally, after an MS terminates a call in a GSM cell, it camps on the GSM cell. When a neighboring UMTS cell meets the requirements for cell reselection, the MS camps on the UMTS cell after the cell reselection. Before initiating the UMTS cell reselection, the MS must receive system information and calculate cell reselection parameters. When the Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release feature is activated, the BSS determines the best neighboring UMTS cell based on the measurement information on the neighboring UMTS cells after the call termination in a GSM cell. Then, the BSS sends the frequency information on the neighboring UMTS cell through a Channel Release message to the MS to instruct it to camp on the UMTS cell. In this way, the MS camps on a UMTS cell without calculating cell reselection parameters, thus accelerating cell reselection.

Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Abis interface is widely used.

Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over A interface is widely used.Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Ater interface is widely used.Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Pb interface is widely used.Huawei BSS supports satellite transmission over multiple interfaces. Satellite transmission over Gb interface is widely used.

Two types of signaling links are available in the SS7 network: 64 kbit/s signaling link and 2 Mbit/s signaling link. The 2 Mbit/s signaling link is also called high-speed signaling link. The BSC uses the high-speed signaling links when the signaling load of the system is high.The feature of local multiple signaling points enables one physical BSC to function as multiple logical BSCs. Each logical BSC has an SS7 signaling point code.

The semipermanent link enables some of the idle E1 timeslots in the BSS system to be used to provide transmission paths for subscribers. The paths are used to transmit information such as business hall information, alarm information on the BTS AC power supply, and other maintenance information.End-to-end MS signaling tracing is a function based on which the network administrator traces the activities of each NE when an event occurs.When a network is under certain maintenance operations such as construction, expansion, upgrade, or commissioning, some NEs may report a large number of alarms. These alarms are automatically cleared after the maintenance operations are complete. Maintenance mode alarm feature can manage these alarms. This avoids the impacts of such alarms on normal network monitoring and improves network OM efficiency.

For better results of Power Control, the MS and BTS should transmit signals at a proper power instead of the maximum power when the connection is initially established. To achieve this, Active Power Control should be enabled.

The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.This describes the improvements in A5 ciphering algorithm against security problems. The ciphering procedure is optimized on the basis of the characteristics of the Um interface transmission in GSM, and thereby enhances transmission security and network bugging defense.The encrypted network management feature is based on the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, which allows the M2000 to set up an SSL-based TCP transmission channel between the M2000 server and an NE.With this feature, the Network Address Translation (NAT) firewall is deployed on the LMT side and the M2000 side to maintain the network security without affecting the normal connections between devices.

Enhanced full rate (EFR) is adopted. In comparison to FR, EFR optimizes the speech codec algorithm and improves the speech quality.If the full-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 16 kbit/s for coding and transmission. If the half-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 8 kbit/s for coding and transmission. Thus, when half-rate speech channels are used, a channel of 16 kbit/s on the terrestrial interface Abis can be used to carry two speech services.This feature enables the dynamic conversion of a FR TCH into HR and vice versa.

The Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB), cell broadcast service (CBS) for short, refers to the information broadcast service for the MSs in the idle state within a specified area known as the cell broadcast area.The simplified cell broadcast provides the simple cell broadcast service without the CBC system.

ALC adjusts the gain of uplink and downlink digital speech signals every 20 ms and changes the amplitude of digital speech signals in static or dynamic mode. This keeps the voice level of the entire network within an appropriate range, prevents volume fluctuation for the two parties during a call, and prevents voice distortion.Acoustic echoing refers to a phenomenon in which a calling party can hear not only the voice of the called party but also his/her own voice when making a call to another MS. The Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) feature of the BSC is implemented by the DSP of the DPU board. The DSP analyzes the uplink and downlink digital voice signals, searches for acoustic echoes in the uplink speech signals, and suppresses the acoustic echoes.ANR reduces the background noise in the uplink and downlink speech signals and improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speech intelligibility. In this way, the other party of the call can clearly hear the voice.To improve the quality of speech signals, Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is introduced to pass by the TC decoder when the originating MS and the terminating MS use the same speech version. The speech signal is coded at the originating MS and decoded at the terminating MS, and is transparently transmitted between the TCs at the two ends. Thus, the process of encoding and decoding by the TC is eliminated to improve the quality of the speech signal.ANC adaptively raises the volume of the voice from the other end when the background noise is loud at the local end.In the communication system, the bit error of the transmission link may be caused by the mobile terminal, interference between transmission links, or changes in the load of the TRX. When bit error occurs in voice transmission, at least one frame is lost before it arrives at the decoder, and thus the voice quality deteriorates. EPLC predicts the information contained in the missing frame by using the information contained in the good frames and by considering the correlation between the previous frames and subsequent frames of the missing frame. In this way, the voice quality is improved.The voice quality index (VQI) feature provides a direct method of measuring the voice quality of the radio network. By measuring the uplink VQI and downlink VQI, the voice quality of the network is quantified, which provides a reference for future network optimization.GSM will coexist with UMTS for a long time. To obtain better performance of the interoperability between the UMTS network and the GSM network and to obtain more measurement information about the neighboring cells, a new type of measurement report (MR), that is, the enhanced measurement report (EMR), is introduced.BTS power lift for handover function determines whether the BTS of the serving cell transmits signals at the maximum power during a handover. The BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the handover to ensure the success of the handover.Handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH performs decision based on handover algorithm II.Voice Quality Enhancement. Based on VQE1.0, some optimization is brought into VQE3.0. In VQE3.0, the system can distinguish music and RBT services from noises more accurately, the function of real-time speech monitoring over the network is supported, the ACLP feature is added, and the AEC, ALC, ANC, and ANR features are enhanced.The user experience evaluation system categorizes the factors that affect user experience of mobile terminals into five types, with each type defined different KPIs and call history record (CHR) information.

AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. FR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 12.2 kbit/s.AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. HR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s.The procedure of power control for AMR calls is similar to that for non-AMR calls. In Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm, parameters related to AMR power control are configured separately from those related to non-AMR power control. The AMR calls and non-AMR calls can adopt different power control strategies.AMR FR/HR Dynamic Adjustment, consists of the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and the AMR TCHH-TCHF handover.With AMR Wireless Link Timer, we can adjust the values of some parameters to improve the robustness of the SACCH frame, enhance the network coverage performance of AMR, and decrease the call drop rate.The AMR rate adjustment threshold adaptation function enables the BSC to monitor the speech quality in real time and to adaptively modify the threshold parameters. Thus, an appropriate AMR codec mode can always be selected for the call.The sampling frequency of WB AMR is 16 kHz, and the speech frequency ranges from 50 Hz to 7 kHz. Compared with AMR, WB AMR has wide high frequency extension and low frequency extension. Thus, WB AMR can provide better speech quality. In the GSM system, WB AMR specifies five speech coding rates. In addition, WB AMR occupies only full-rate channels. Rates: 6.60 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 23.85 kbit/s.

In the case of streaming class, the BSC allocates radio blocks to users according to the GBR of the QoS attributes and ensures that the data transmission rates meet the requirements of streaming class. If streaming services support resource preemption, high-priority streaming services can preempt the radio blocks of low-priority streaming services when radio resources are insufficient. This ensures that high-priority services can preferentially use radio resources. If streaming services do not support resource preemption, the GBRs are decreased; when radio resources become sufficient, the GBRs are restored to the negotiated values. When the BSC needs to decrease or restore GBRs, it requests the SGSN to modify the GBRs through the PFM procedures.

PS Active Package Management is a feature used to maintain the buffer queue length within an appropriate range by discarding data packets in the buffer queue actively. It increases data throughput and reduces service delay at the price of buffer utilization.PoC (Push-to-talk over Cellular) services belong to the real-time packet services and have strict requirements on bandwidth and transfer delay. The scheduling priority of conversational services and PoC services is higher than other services. The bandwidth requirement of PoC services is guaranteed by the GBR mechanism of streaming class. To meet the low transfer delay requirement of PoC services, the BSC takes many optimization measures, such as preferentially scheduling PoC services, using a low-rate coding scheme, and using the policy of balanced channel allocation between uplink and downlink.

Network Control Mode 2 (NC2) indicates network-controlled cell reselection. The BSC determines whether to perform cell reselection according to the packet measurement report from the MS, the current load in the serving cell and in the neighboring cells.Network Assisted Cell Change. The NACC procedure enables the MS to obtain the SI of the target cell before the cell reselection. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.NACC is generally combined with PACKET SI STATUS. The PACKET SI STATUS procedure is initiated if the MS does not obtain the complete SI of the target cell through the NACC procedure. The combination of these two procedures ensures the normal operation of PS services, thus reducing the service delay or disruption.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a type of end-to-end packet switched service based on the GSM technology. It supports GMSK CS-1 to CS-4. The maximum rate of a single channel is 20 kbit/s.Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS paging messages to the MS.

EGPRS is the Enhanced GPRS. In addition to GMSK, EGPRS also uses the 8 Phase Shift Keying (8PSK) modulation scheme to increase the peak rate of a single channel to 59.2 kbit/s.The dynamic PDCH conversion and dynamic PDCH release adjust PDCHs properly based on the service requirements and actual network conditions.In Gb over FR mode the physical layer of the Gb interface uses the FR (Frame Relay) protocol.

A method to reduce the MS access time. In this way, the packet assignment message is sent by the BTS and thus the MS access delay is reduced by 100 ms.Support of extended uplink TBF. Depending on the network setting, the BSC notifies in the system information the MS of whether to send the dummy control block when the MS has no other block to transmit in extended TBF mode. This is an enhanced feature of the extended uplink TBF, as described in 3GPP TS 44.060 (Release 6). If the MS does not send the dummy control block when it has no other block to transmit to the network in extended TBF mode, the message flow on the Um interface can be decreased, thus increasing the performance of the MS and the BSC and reducing the MS power consumption.The BSC adjusts the uplink coding scheme according to the downlink BEP (Bit Error Probability) measurement report sent from the MS.Dynamic adjustment of transmission interval of the RRBP field is a process in which the BSC transmits downlink data with the RRBP field at different intervals depending on whether an uplink TBF exists and whether the delayed release of the downlink TBF is performed at an early stage or at a late stage. Thus, the speed of establishing an uplink TBF on the downlink is increased.The BSC obtains the information about all PDCHs in the cell that can be allocated to MSs and determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink PDCHs. This provides a basis for subsequent PDCH allocation.

The BSC determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink channels that can be allocated to the MS according to specific principles.In BSS paging coordination mode, the BSC determines whether the CS paging message is sent on the PACCH or on the PCH. In GPRS-capable networks, the paging success rate increases when BSS paging coordination is enabled.To achieve the minimum possible time delay, Huawei introduces the PS Handover feature that can allocate radio resources to the MS in the target cell before the cell reselection is performed. Thus, the delay is shortened to not more than 150 ms. In addition, the PS Handover feature considers factors such as signal level and load of the neighboring cells before cell reselection is performed. This ensures a high success rate of the PS handover and great data throughput in the target cell, thus improving the QoS.The TBF can be allocated before the MS transmits the actual data, thereby reducing the service access delay.PS power control is a technology based on which the transmit power of the MS or BTS is adjusted according to the quality of the link over the Um interface after setup. In this manner, the transmit power is reduced without affecting the link quality, thus reducing the network interference and expanding the network capacity.

Extended dynamic allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput. For an MS of multislot classes 32-33, the extended dynamic allocation (EDA) function must be used if the MS requires more than three channels in the uplink.The BSC supports MS high multislot class (HMC) channel allocation. For an MS of multislot classes 30-33, the BSC can allocate a maximum of five channels in the uplink or downlink to the MS.

Compared with DTM, class 11 DTM doubles the uplink bandwidth of data services.Compared with DTM, High Multislot Class (HMC) DTM further improves the uplink and downlink bandwidth of data services.Huawei GSM BSS supports the transfer of PS services on individual speech channels with a high rate of 14.4 kbit/s for transparent data services.

With priority-based resource reservation, the system reserves a certain number of TCHFs for the high-priority users to ensure their QoS.The Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) is a supplementary service offered by the GSM system. When the eMLPP feature is enabled, the MS with a high priority has advantages in terms of the call setup rate, call completion capability, and service continuity. When TCHs are insufficient, for example, during traffic peak hours, the calls with a higher priority can preempt the resources of the calls with a lower priority.The emergency call guarantee feature is the enhancement of the emergency call feature. With the emergency call guarantee feature, the setup success rate of emergency calls is improved to the greatest extent.When the BSC is enabled with the Flow Control Based on Cell Priority feature, the BSC preferentially processes the call requests from VIP cells and the paging requests from VIP users on the CN side if the BSC is overloaded.

Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC) is used to reduce the impact of interference on the reception of downlink signals through a signal processing technology.

Huawei provides services of locating an MS according to the cell ID and TA on both the NSS and BSS side.Huawei provides services of locating an MS according to the cell ID and TA on both the NSS and BSS side.

Based on the current user tracing, the BSC calculates the location information and then sends the location result to the LMT, including the CGI, TA, longitude and latitude of cells, tilt, and error.The Lb interface is a protocol-defined standard interface for interconnecting the BSC and the Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC).

In Abis over IP mode, signaling and speech signals are transmitted over the Abis interface by using the IP technology. On the Abis interface, the signaling plane uses the LAPD over UDP/IP protocol stack and the user plane uses the PTRAU over UDP/IP protocol stack for transmission.

Abis multiplexing encapsulates multiple PDUs into one packet, thus reducing the UDP/IP/L2/L1 header transmission overhead and resulting in improved transmission efficiency.

In A over IP mode, signaling and speech signals are transmitted over the A interface by using the IP technology. On the A interface, the signaling plane uses the SCCP/M3UA/SCTP/IP protocol stack and the user plane uses the RTP/UDP/IP protocol stack for transmission. The function of transcoding from TRAU to PCM is taken over by the MGW from the TCS.

UDP Multiplexing for A Transmission is a transport bearer multiplexing technology.A over TDM/IP Dual-Stack Transmission is a feature based on which the BSC uses both TDM and IP to transmit signaling and traffic over the A interface.

In Gb over IP mode, signaling and PS signals are transmitted over the Gb interface by using IP technology. The BSSGP/NS/UDP/IP protocol stack is used on the Gb interface for transmission.

IP performance monitoring (IP PM) is a method of detecting the QoS of the IP transport network.Bidirectional Forwarding Detection is a means to quickly detect link faults.The ETH OAM (Ethernet Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) provides end-to-end and point-to-point Ethernet link OAM functions. Currently, it complies with two protocols, namely, IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah.

PICO Automatic Configuration and Planning involves automatic configuration of the device data, service data, and some of the transmission parameters.

PICO BTS supports not only single-band automatic planning but also dual-band automatic planning on the mixed 900/1800 MHz and 850/1900 MHz frequency bands.The USB encryption function enables the encryption of the files in a USB device so that the files are not displayed as plain text. In this way, the risk of information disclosure due to loss or stealing of the files in the USB device is reduced.The PICO BTS filters out illegal packets at the receiving ports after analyzing the packets so that they cannot enter the PICO BTS. In this manner, the robustness and anti-attack capability of the PICO BTS are improved.Power consumption is reduced by shutting down the power amplifiers of the TRXs in the cell during the specified period.The M2000 periodically analyzes the uplink and downlink interference-related traffic statistics of the PICO BTS. When the working frequency of the PICO BTS is severely interfered, the M2000 instructs the PICO BTS to restart uplink and downlink frequency scanning. Based on the frequency scanning result, the M2000 selects the frequency with the minimum interference as the working frequency of the PICO BTS. Through the automatic optimization of the working frequency, the PICO BTS avoids the use of the frequency with severe interference so that the speech quality and traffic KPIs are improved significantly in the coverage area. Thus, the handover success rate increases and the call drop rate decreases in the coverage area.

The function of automatic frequency planning of Compact BTS enables the automatic configuration of device data and service data of the BTS.The automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS mainly applies to simple network structure. Initially, the BTS is configured with a single frequency. As the traffic volume increases, the system may activate another frequency by performing the automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS and distribute transmit power between the two frequencies.Automatic neighboring cell planning applies to the scenario where a BTS is newly deployed in an existing GSM network. It is necessary only when BTSs have overlapping coverage areas. Automatic neighboring cell optimization is a feature with which the M2000 automatically starts the BTS neighboring cell optimization after determining that a neighboring cell is redundant or missing by analyzing MRs.Timing power-off of the compact BTS consists of BTS power-off and BTS sleeping at night. If there is no traffic or light traffic in a certain period, the power-off and power-on time of the compact BTS can be configured on the BSC. Also during night the BTS is put in sleeping mode.A feature that allows the management of all users under the compact BTS serving area, e.g. subsciber registration, service provisioning, etc.)

A VGCS call is a half-duplex group call that is established in a predefined area for multiple service subscribers to participate in. Simply, VGCS is a service where several persons talk and more persons listen.When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.During VGCS call initiation, the initiator does not seize a dedicated channel; instead, the network regards the initiator as a talker and assigns the initiator a group call channel to establish the VGCS call. Thus, the dedicated channels can be saved. group call channel to the talker. Compared with the normal VGCS call initiation, the initiation of a VGCS call through only one channel saves TCHs and A-interface circuits.Talker identification is a process in which the information about the talking subscriber is sent to listening subscribers when a VGCS subscriber talks on the uplink of the group call channel.The eMLPP service provides seven priorities (A, B, 0-4). During call establishment or handover, a group or MS with high priority can be preferentially assigned radio resources or preempt the radio resources seized by an MS with low priority.To initiate a fast VGCS call, an MS sends an Immediate Setup message to request the establishment of the VGCS call.Enhancement of VGCS consists of fallback and VGCS resource check. Fallback: If the requirement for service continuity is high, the fallback function is provided in the BTS coverage area when the BTS is out of service because of transmission failure. VGCS resource check: Periodical VGCS resource checks are performed on the BSC and BTS to eliminate inconsistent VGCS calls. At present, the VGCS resource check function can be used to solve the problem that a VGCS call exists on the BTS side but does not exist on the BSC side.

VBS is a service where one person talks and several persons listen (no limitation on the number of listeners). The difference between VGCS and VBS is that only the initiator is allowed to talk during a VBS call and other members are always in the listening state.When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.If the core network of the traditional GSM system cannot be replaced with the GSM-R core network, GSM-R services and traditional GSM services can be processed in the same network. That is, the BSC implements the function of forwarding GSM-R services.

In the handover procedure generally, if the BSC does not receive a response from the MS but receives an Error Indication message from the BTS after sending the Handover Command to the MS, the BSC regards that call drop occurs and then initiates the release procedure. After Handover Re-establishment is enabled, the BSC initiates the procedure for re-establishing the connection at the data link layer of the Um interface on the source channel. If the connection re-establishment is successful, the MS resumes the call without a call drop.

RAN Sharing enables multiple operators to share the network resources on the BSS side while keeping their own subscribers and services.The Multi-Operator Core Network (MOCN) shared cell feature enables multiple operators to share a cell when using their respective CN equipment.With the help of this feature, operators can divide a network into multiple areas, which are called handover shared areas, at the BSC based on location areas. In addition, operators can configure the mapping between the IMSI ranges and the handover shared areas to limit the areas to which an MS can be handed over. In this way, the MS can be handed over to only the cells in the handover shared area that maps to the IMSI of the MS.

The definition of Mobile Station Receive Diversity (MSRD) is as follows: An extra antenna is configured on the MS to improve the downlink receive performance of the MS.The dual carriers in downlink feature is an enhanced solution for downlink packet data rate, in which two downlink carriers are supported and the downlink data rate is doubled, that is, the downlink data rate of the EGPRS system is increased from 473.6 kbit/s to 947.2 kbit/s.In the uplink direction, EGPRS2-A increases the data rate by using the 16QAM modulation scheme.In the downlink direction, EGPRS2-A increases the data rate by using the Turbo codes and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM)/32QAM modulation scheme.Latency Reduction is a feature that aims to improve latency within GERAN. The Latency Reduction feature can only be enabled in cells that support EDGE.

Together with the Nastar network optimization tool, Huawei GSM BSS can analyze the 2G/3G neighboring cell configuration based on numerous measurement reports (MRs) from MSs, show the analysis result on the map, and find out missing or redundant 3G neighboring cells for the GSM serving cell.

With this feature, telecom operators can temporarily withdraw the license limitation in the case of a sudden increase in traffic volume due to natural disasters, holidays, or a faulty BSC in the BSC Pool scenario. For each release version of BSC6900, the operation personnel have three chances to enable this feature. The validity period is seven days each time.With the access control (ACC) feature, the BSC can control the number of MSs accessing the network at a certain time by allowing only the MSs of a certain ACC class to access the network.

When the Co-RRM feature is used, the BSC6900 can select the target cell according to the traffic load in the cell before initiating an inter-RAT handover.If the Iur-g interface exists between the UTRAN and the GERAN, the UTRAN-to-GERAN NACC procedure is an optimized NACC procedure. In this case, the UE obtains the SI of the target cell directly over the Iur-g interface.The BSC6900 enables the redirection and handover between the GSM and UMTS systems based on the load condition and difference in each network. In this way, the two networks in the same coverage area can have similar load conditions, thus reducing the risk of access congestion.The inter-RAT service distribution is performed in two directions: UMTS to GSM (controlled by the RNC) and GSM to UMTS (controlled by the BSC). As a result of load-based system redirection and handover, the CS services will mainly be handled by the GSM network whereas the high-rate data services will mainly be handled by the UMTS network.

With the 2G/3G Co-Transmission by TDM Switching feature, Huawei SingleRAN equipment uses the TDM timeslot cross connection function to enable the SDH to be shared by the GSM traffic and UMTS traffic.IP transmission ports and IP transport networks are shared between GSM ad UMTS.The GSM and UMTS traffic can be multiplexed onto the same SDH/PDH network through the TDM timeslot cross-connect function. Through the fractional ATM or fractional IP function, the RNC and NodeB can map ATM cells or IP packets onto several E1 timeslots. TDM timeslots can be shared by the GU networks on the Abis and Iub interfaces respectively.The GSM and UMTS bandwidth allocation uni-control feature improves the utilization efficiency of transmission resources while ensuring the fairness of transmission bandwidth allocation between GSM and UMTS.GSM LTE co-transmission on the base station side can be based on IP over Ethernet or IP over E1/T1.

The common clock solution is supported by Huawei MBTSs sharing a common baseband unit (BBU).The common clock solution is supported by Huawei MBTSs sharing a common baseband unit (BBU).

This feature is applied to the scenario where GSM TRXs and UMTS TRXs, or GSM+UMTS dual-mode TRXs, are in the same BTS cabinet, and uses the same BBU and groups of storage batteries. If the mains power supply fails and thus the base station is provided with power by storage batteries, operators can automatically shut down GSM TRXs (or UMTS TRXs) or stop providing GSM services (or UMTS services) by using the function of Active Backup Power Control according to the priorities of the GSM network and UMTS network.

Inter-RAT cell reselection between GERAN and EUTRAN involves the cell reselection from GERAN to EUTRAN and the cell reselection from EUTRAN to GERAN. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports coverage-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports quality-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports load-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports handover based on priority of neighbour cells.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports service-based handover.eNC2 is network-controlled cell reselection between GSM and LTE. Compared with the autonomous cell reselection of the MS, the network-controlled cell reselection comprehensively considers such factors as the receive level and load status in the serving cell and the neighboring cells so that the MS can reselect a proper cell. In this way, the loads in the cells can be balanced.The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.

Iur-g interface between the RNC and the BSC is used to achieve common measurement and information exchange between 2G and 3G networks.

The enhanced radio resource reserved handover based on Iur-g applies to the scenarios where the GSM and TD-SCDMA networks provide coverage for the same area. The enhanced radio resource reserved handover procedure consists of the standard handover procedure between GSM and TD-SCDMA and the radio resource reservation procedure. The radio resource reservation procedure is achieved through the information exchange over the Iur-g interface between the BSC and the RNC. That is, the BSC reserves a channel for the MS to be handed over from the TD-SCDMA network. In this way, the BSC performs the radio resource reservation procedure that originally involves the Core Network (CN) in advance. In this case, delay caused by handovers between GSM and TD-SCDMA is reduced, and the handover success rate is improved.

In common cases, one cell is configured with one BCCH physical channel, which is configured on timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX. The feature of Multiple CCCHs (GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs) also allows one to configure timeslots 2, 4, and 6 of the BCCH TRX as BCCH physical channels.


In a multi-band network, in a co-BSC network topology, the GSM850 band, GSM900 band, DCS1800 band, and GSM1900 band use the same BSC, or multiband BTSs are connected to the same BSC.The enhanced dual-band network is an improvement on the existing dual-band network. It is implemented as follows: physically, two single-band cells are located at the same layer and have the same priority but different coverage areas; logically, the two cells serve as neighboring cells of each other and form a cell group, namely, one overlaid cell and one underlaid cell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables channel sharing and load balancing between the two cells in the cell group.Flex MAIO is a feature through which the BSC dynamically adjusts the MAIO according to the current interference level of a channel when assigning an MAIO to the channel (note that the BSC assigns an MAIO to only a channel under activation). In this way, the BSC assigns the MAIO with the minimum interference to the channel, and the channel experiences the minimum interference in the BTS.Interference Cancellation Combining. In the actual network, the interference on different diversity antennas comes from the same interference source. Therefore, the interference has a certain correlation. ICC uses this correlation to eliminate some interference.Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining. EICC is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference.

In GSM, the frequency of the BCCH must remain unchanged, that is, the BCCH cannot participate in FH. In baseband FH, other channels on the BCCH TRX except the BCCH can participate in FH to obtain FH gains. In RF FH, the transmit frequency of each TRX changes. Therefore, the BCCH TRX cannot participate in RF FH.Antenna frequency hopping provides transmit diversity on the downlink. User data is coded and interleaved to obtain the transmit signal S. S is divided into S1 and S2, which are then transmitted through different antennas.The BCCH dense frequency multiplexing technology is applicable to the network with limited frequency resources. It helps to increase the reusability of BCCH frequencies and reduce the number of frequencies used by the BCCHs. Therefore, more frequencies can be used at the FH layer.

In Soft-Synchronized Network technology the FNs and symbol offsets of the BTSs are adjusted by means of software to synchronize timeslots in the frames. In this case, the BTSs use the planned FNs and symbol offsets to achieve synchronization.


The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the BTS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.The Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) mechanism reduces the interference level and improves the system efficiency. During a call, when no speech signals are transferred, the MS sends only comfort noises periodically to the peer end.When the cell is enabled with TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown, all the TRXs except the one carrying the BCCH can be powered off. That is, the cell can keep providing services for subscribers even if the TRXs are shut down.TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown on the timeslot level is supported and the power consumption of the power amplifier on the timeslot level is zero. There are eight timeslots in a TRX. If only one timeslot has traffic and the other seven timeslots are idle, the power amplifier is working only in the timeslot with the traffic, and is shut down in the other seven timeslots.Intelligent Combiner Bypass (ICB) applies to double-transceiver unit. When the non-BCCH TRX is idle, the BCCH TRX is in ICB mode with a capacity of one TRX. The lowest voltage is used by power amplifier on the BCCH TRX, and the output power of a single power amplifier on the BCCH TRX is 15 W/10 W. After Power Boost Technology (PBT) is used on the BCCH TRX, the transmit power on top of the cabinet of the BCCH TRX is the same as that of a single power amplifier, that is, 60 W/40 W.When the mains supply is cut off, the BTS uses the storage battery as a back up power supply. The battery capacity, however, is limited, and the BSC reduces the power consumption of the BTS by shutting down some TRXs or decreasing the maximum transmit power of the TRX to prolong the battery discharge time.Power optimization based on channel type refers to the technology that the voltage is provided for TRX power amplifiers based on different modulation modes of channels so that the BTS power consumption can be decreased.The PSU smart control feature switches on only the required PSUs and shuts down the redundant PSUs to improve the efficiency of the power system and preserve the lifetime of the power system.

To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.When the transmit power of the TRX power amplifier decreases, the working voltage of the TRX can be lowered in the condition that the power gain of the TRX power amplifier remains almost the same. In this way, the power consumption of the TRX power amplifier and the overall power consumption of the BTS are also reduced.The Multi-Carrier Intelligent Voltage Regulation feature is introduced to dynamically adjust the working voltage of the TRX according to the dynamic changes of the working states of the TRX. Through this feature, the BTS power consumption is significantly reduced.Weather adaptive power management determines the proper volume of energy consumption based on the available energy sources (the electric power is generated by the solar battery, not by the algorithm or storage battery). The general principle is to keep balance between energy consumption and generation, to prevent power failures and energy wastes at the same time.

When the function of the 16 kbit/s LAPD signaling link (OML and RSL) is enabled, each signaling link occupies only 16 kbit/s bandwidth at the physical layer, thus saving the transmission resources on the Abis interface.In an actual network, not all the BTSs or cells are busy and not both the PS and CS services have a high traffic volume at a specific time. Generally, if the load of one BTS is heavy, the load of other BTSs is light; if the traffic volume of the PS service is high, that of the CS service is low, and vice versa. Flex Abis (Flexible Abis) enables the sharing of the Abis interface transmission resources among different BTSs, cells, and services, and thus improves the resource utilization. Flex Abis is a mode of allocating the Abis interface transmission resources. That is, the Abis interface transmission resources form a resource pool that is shared by the CS service and PS service (including idle timeslots) among different cells and BTSs.BTS local switching is triggered when the BTS detects that the calling MS and the called MS of a call are under the same BTS, in the same BTS group, or in the same local switching area.

Flex Ater is a function based on which Ater resources are allocated according to the channel type during the call establishment. If TCHFs are allocated on the Um interface, 16 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface. If TCHHs are allocated on the Um interface, 8 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface.

Ater Compression Transmission is a technology in which the TransCoder Subrack (TCS) of the BSC is located remotely and the IP over PPP over Ch-STM-1 transmission mode is used to carry signals when the Ater interface is in TDM transmission mode.

The TrFO feature enables the calling MS and called MS to use the same speech coding/decoding scheme. Thus, the speech signal is coded at the calling MS and decoded at the called MS only once.

Multi-cell function is a function based on which more than three cells (12 at most) are configured for a single BTS to improve system capacity. Multi-cell function meets the requirement of various networking scenarios, especially the dual-band networking.

An MSC pool is defined as a group of MSCs handling the traffic generated from one MSC pool area. A BSC belonging to an MSC pool area is connected to each MSC in the MSC pool. All the MSCs in the MSC pool implement load balancing and resource sharing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool, thus reducing inter-MSC handovers and providing redundancy.SGSN Pool, also known as Gb Flex, enables multiple SGSNs to form a SGSN pool. A BSC belonging to an SGSN pool area is connected to all SGSNs in the related SGSN pool. The resources and load are shared by all the SGSNs in the pool, thus balancing the traffic load and reducing inter-SGSN handovers.Abis Bypass is introduced in the network with the chain topology to avoid the problem of service disruption on other BTSs upon the power failure of one BTS. With the Abis Bypass feature, a bypass transmission link is formed within the BTS that is powered off to transfer data to other BTSs following the faulty BTS on the chain. Thus, the power failure of a BTS will not affect the normal services on the subsequent BTSs on the chain.

FACCH frames and SACCH frames are repeatedly sent to improve the anti-interference performance of the FACCH link and SACCH link and to increase the possibility of successfully receiving the signaling messages by the MS and BSC.When the active SDH transmission link is faulty due to e.g. a natural disaster, the GBSS automatically switches the terrestrial TDM transmission link over the Abis interface to a backup satellite transmission link, thus maintaining the normal operation of the network.The BSC node redundancy is a function through which two BSCs form a redundancy group. The two BSCs in a redundancy group work in 1+1 load sharing mode. When one BSC in a redundancy group is faulty or all the signaling links on the A interface are faulty, the other BSC in this group takes over the voice and data services.

The OML is the operation and maintenance link between the BSC and the BTS. When the OML is faulty, the BTS cannot work. With this feature, two OMLs can be configured on two independent E1s (one for each). When the active OML is faulty, the BTS uses the standby OML.

AFC feature is used to compensate the Doppler frequency shift, thus ensuring successful high-speed access of the MSs and meeting the requirements of high-speed mobile communication services.

Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad. The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell.The multi-site cell feature is a function based on which the multiple subsites that communicate with the same BBU are logically configured as one cell. In a multi-site cell, a BBU supports a maximum of six subsites, and each subsite supports a maximum of six TRXs.

The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.The UMTS network and the GSM network will coexist and provide services together for a long time. Therefore, 2G/3G interoperability is introduced into the BSS. The 2G/3G interoperability involves inter-RAT handover and inter-RAT cell reselection between GSM and UMTS.The QoS-based service distribution feature is introduced to optimize the utilization of resources in 2G and 3G networks. For example, voice services and low-rate data services are distributed to the 2G network, whereas high-rate data services are distributed to the 3G network to achieve high peak throughput.In the case of co-existence of 2G and 3G networks, there is a possibility that a network is congested due to insufficient resources, whereas the other network has only a light traffic. The inter-RAT load-based handover in connected state feature is introduced to solve this problem.

Normally, after an MS terminates a call in a GSM cell, it camps on the GSM cell. When a neighboring UMTS cell meets the requirements for cell reselection, the MS camps on the UMTS cell after the cell reselection. Before initiating the UMTS cell reselection, the MS must receive system information and calculate cell reselection parameters. When the Fast 3G Reselection at 2G CS Call Release feature is activated, the BSS determines the best neighboring UMTS cell based on the measurement information on the neighboring UMTS cells after the call termination in a GSM cell. Then, the BSS sends the frequency information on the neighboring UMTS cell through a Channel Release message to the MS to instruct it to camp on the UMTS cell. In this way, the MS camps on a UMTS cell without calculating cell reselection parameters, thus accelerating cell reselection.

Two types of signaling links are available in the SS7 network: 64 kbit/s signaling link and 2 Mbit/s signaling link. The 2 Mbit/s signaling link is also called high-speed signaling link. The BSC uses the high-speed signaling links when the signaling load of the system is high.

The semipermanent link enables some of the idle E1 timeslots in the BSS system to be used to provide transmission paths for subscribers. The paths are used to transmit information such as business hall information, alarm information on the BTS AC power supply, and other maintenance information.

When a network is under certain maintenance operations such as construction, expansion, upgrade, or commissioning, some NEs may report a large number of alarms. These alarms are automatically cleared after the maintenance operations are complete. Maintenance mode alarm feature can manage these alarms. This avoids the impacts of such alarms on normal network monitoring and improves network OM efficiency.

For better results of Power Control, the MS and BTS should transmit signals at a proper power instead of the maximum power when the connection is initially established. To achieve this, Active Power Control should be enabled.

The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.The A5 ciphering algorithm generates a 114-bit ciphering sequence or a 114-bit deciphering sequence based on the 64-bit Kc stored in the MS and the network, and a 22-bit frame number from the current pulse stream.This describes the improvements in A5 ciphering algorithm against security problems. The ciphering procedure is optimized on the basis of the characteristics of the Um interface transmission in GSM, and thereby enhances transmission security and network bugging defense.The encrypted network management feature is based on the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, which allows the M2000 to set up an SSL-based TCP transmission channel between the M2000 server and an NE.With this feature, the Network Address Translation (NAT) firewall is deployed on the LMT side and the M2000 side to maintain the network security without affecting the normal connections between devices.

If the full-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 16 kbit/s for coding and transmission. If the half-rate speech codec is used on the Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces, the BSS uses channels of 8 kbit/s for coding and transmission. Thus, when half-rate speech channels are used, a channel of 16 kbit/s on the terrestrial interface Abis can be used to carry two speech services.

The Short Message Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB), cell broadcast service (CBS) for short, refers to the information broadcast service for the MSs in the idle state within a specified area known as the cell broadcast area.

ALC adjusts the gain of uplink and downlink digital speech signals every 20 ms and changes the amplitude of digital speech signals in static or dynamic mode. This keeps the voice level of the entire network within an appropriate range, prevents volume fluctuation for the two parties during a call, and prevents voice distortion.Acoustic echoing refers to a phenomenon in which a calling party can hear not only the voice of the called party but also his/her own voice when making a call to another MS. The Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) feature of the BSC is implemented by the DSP of the DPU board. The DSP analyzes the uplink and downlink digital voice signals, searches for acoustic echoes in the uplink speech signals, and suppresses the acoustic echoes.ANR reduces the background noise in the uplink and downlink speech signals and improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and speech intelligibility. In this way, the other party of the call can clearly hear the voice.To improve the quality of speech signals, Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is introduced to pass by the TC decoder when the originating MS and the terminating MS use the same speech version. The speech signal is coded at the originating MS and decoded at the terminating MS, and is transparently transmitted between the TCs at the two ends. Thus, the process of encoding and decoding by the TC is eliminated to improve the quality of the speech signal.

In the communication system, the bit error of the transmission link may be caused by the mobile terminal, interference between transmission links, or changes in the load of the TRX. When bit error occurs in voice transmission, at least one frame is lost before it arrives at the decoder, and thus the voice quality deteriorates. EPLC predicts the information contained in the missing frame by using the information contained in the good frames and by considering the correlation between the previous frames and subsequent frames of the missing frame. In this way, the voice quality is improved.The voice quality index (VQI) feature provides a direct method of measuring the voice quality of the radio network. By measuring the uplink VQI and downlink VQI, the voice quality of the network is quantified, which provides a reference for future network optimization.GSM will coexist with UMTS for a long time. To obtain better performance of the interoperability between the UMTS network and the GSM network and to obtain more measurement information about the neighboring cells, a new type of measurement report (MR), that is, the enhanced measurement report (EMR), is introduced.BTS power lift for handover function determines whether the BTS of the serving cell transmits signals at the maximum power during a handover. The BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the handover to ensure the success of the handover.

Voice Quality Enhancement. Based on VQE1.0, some optimization is brought into VQE3.0. In VQE3.0, the system can distinguish music and RBT services from noises more accurately, the function of real-time speech monitoring over the network is supported, the ACLP feature is added, and the AEC, ALC, ANC, and ANR features are enhanced.The user experience evaluation system categorizes the factors that affect user experience of mobile terminals into five types, with each type defined different KPIs and call history record (CHR) information.

AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. FR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 12.2 kbit/s.AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. HR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s.The procedure of power control for AMR calls is similar to that for non-AMR calls. In Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm, parameters related to AMR power control are configured separately from those related to non-AMR power control. The AMR calls and non-AMR calls can adopt different power control strategies.

With AMR Wireless Link Timer, we can adjust the values of some parameters to improve the robustness of the SACCH frame, enhance the network coverage performance of AMR, and decrease the call drop rate.The AMR rate adjustment threshold adaptation function enables the BSC to monitor the speech quality in real time and to adaptively modify the threshold parameters. Thus, an appropriate AMR codec mode can always be selected for the call.The sampling frequency of WB AMR is 16 kHz, and the speech frequency ranges from 50 Hz to 7 kHz. Compared with AMR, WB AMR has wide high frequency extension and low frequency extension. Thus, WB AMR can provide better speech quality. In the GSM system, WB AMR specifies five speech coding rates. In addition, WB AMR occupies only full-rate channels. Rates: 6.60 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 23.85 kbit/s.


PS Active Package Management is a feature used to maintain the buffer queue length within an appropriate range by discarding data packets in the buffer queue actively. It increases data throughput and reduces service delay at the price of buffer utilization.PoC (Push-to-talk over Cellular) services belong to the real-time packet services and have strict requirements on bandwidth and transfer delay. The scheduling priority of conversational services and PoC services is higher than other services. The bandwidth requirement of PoC services is guaranteed by the GBR mechanism of streaming class. To meet the low transfer delay requirement of PoC services, the BSC takes many optimization measures, such as preferentially scheduling PoC services, using a low-rate coding scheme, and using the policy of balanced channel allocation between uplink and downlink.

Network Control Mode 2 (NC2) indicates network-controlled cell reselection. The BSC determines whether to perform cell reselection according to the packet measurement report from the MS, the current load in the serving cell and in the neighboring cells.Network Assisted Cell Change. The NACC procedure enables the MS to obtain the SI of the target cell before the cell reselection. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.NACC is generally combined with PACKET SI STATUS. The PACKET SI STATUS procedure is initiated if the MS does not obtain the complete SI of the target cell through the NACC procedure. The combination of these two procedures ensures the normal operation of PS services, thus reducing the service delay or disruption.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a type of end-to-end packet switched service based on the GSM technology. It supports GMSK CS-1 to CS-4. The maximum rate of a single channel is 20 kbit/s.Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS paging messages to the MS.

Support of extended uplink TBF. Depending on the network setting, the BSC notifies in the system information the MS of whether to send the dummy control block when the MS has no other block to transmit in extended TBF mode. This is an enhanced feature of the extended uplink TBF, as described in 3GPP TS 44.060 (Release 6). If the MS does not send the dummy control block when it has no other block to transmit to the network in extended TBF mode, the message flow on the Um interface can be decreased, thus increasing the performance of the MS and the BSC and reducing the MS power consumption.

Dynamic adjustment of transmission interval of the RRBP field is a process in which the BSC transmits downlink data with the RRBP field at different intervals depending on whether an uplink TBF exists and whether the delayed release of the downlink TBF is performed at an early stage or at a late stage. Thus, the speed of establishing an uplink TBF on the downlink is increased.The BSC obtains the information about all PDCHs in the cell that can be allocated to MSs and determines the maximum number of uplink and downlink PDCHs. This provides a basis for subsequent PDCH allocation.

In BSS paging coordination mode, the BSC determines whether the CS paging message is sent on the PACCH or on the PCH. In GPRS-capable networks, the paging success rate increases when BSS paging coordination is enabled.To achieve the minimum possible time delay, Huawei introduces the PS Handover feature that can allocate radio resources to the MS in the target cell before the cell reselection is performed. Thus, the delay is shortened to not more than 150 ms. In addition, the PS Handover feature considers factors such as signal level and load of the neighboring cells before cell reselection is performed. This ensures a high success rate of the PS handover and great data throughput in the target cell, thus improving the QoS.

PS power control is a technology based on which the transmit power of the MS or BTS is adjusted according to the quality of the link over the Um interface after setup. In this manner, the transmit power is reduced without affecting the link quality, thus reducing the network interference and expanding the network capacity.

Extended dynamic allocation is used for the uplink preferred service to increase the uplink throughput. For an MS of multislot classes 32-33, the extended dynamic allocation (EDA) function must be used if the MS requires more than three channels in the uplink.The BSC supports MS high multislot class (HMC) channel allocation. For an MS of multislot classes 30-33, the BSC can allocate a maximum of five channels in the uplink or downlink to the MS.

The Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) is a supplementary service offered by the GSM system. When the eMLPP feature is enabled, the MS with a high priority has advantages in terms of the call setup rate, call completion capability, and service continuity. When TCHs are insufficient, for example, during traffic peak hours, the calls with a higher priority can preempt the resources of the calls with a lower priority.The emergency call guarantee feature is the enhancement of the emergency call feature. With the emergency call guarantee feature, the setup success rate of emergency calls is improved to the greatest extent.When the BSC is enabled with the Flow Control Based on Cell Priority feature, the BSC preferentially processes the call requests from VIP cells and the paging requests from VIP users on the CN side if the BSC is overloaded.

Based on the current user tracing, the BSC calculates the location information and then sends the location result to the LMT, including the CGI, TA, longitude and latitude of cells, tilt, and error.

In Abis over IP mode, signaling and speech signals are transmitted over the Abis interface by using the IP technology. On the Abis interface, the signaling plane uses the LAPD over UDP/IP protocol stack and the user plane uses the PTRAU over UDP/IP protocol stack for transmission.


In Gb over IP mode, signaling and PS signals are transmitted over the Gb interface by using IP technology. The BSSGP/NS/UDP/IP protocol stack is used on the Gb interface for transmission.

The ETH OAM (Ethernet Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) provides end-to-end and point-to-point Ethernet link OAM functions. Currently, it complies with two protocols, namely, IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah.

The USB encryption function enables the encryption of the files in a USB device so that the files are not displayed as plain text. In this way, the risk of information disclosure due to loss or stealing of the files in the USB device is reduced.The PICO BTS filters out illegal packets at the receiving ports after analyzing the packets so that they cannot enter the PICO BTS. In this manner, the robustness and anti-attack capability of the PICO BTS are improved.

The M2000 periodically analyzes the uplink and downlink interference-related traffic statistics of the PICO BTS. When the working frequency of the PICO BTS is severely interfered, the M2000 instructs the PICO BTS to restart uplink and downlink frequency scanning. Based on the frequency scanning result, the M2000 selects the frequency with the minimum interference as the working frequency of the PICO BTS. Through the automatic optimization of the working frequency, the PICO BTS avoids the use of the frequency with severe interference so that the speech quality and traffic KPIs are improved significantly in the coverage area. Thus, the handover success rate increases and the call drop rate decreases in the coverage area.

The automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS mainly applies to simple network structure. Initially, the BTS is configured with a single frequency. As the traffic volume increases, the system may activate another frequency by performing the automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS and distribute transmit power between the two frequencies.Automatic neighboring cell planning applies to the scenario where a BTS is newly deployed in an existing GSM network. It is necessary only when BTSs have overlapping coverage areas. Automatic neighboring cell optimization is a feature with which the M2000 automatically starts the BTS neighboring cell optimization after determining that a neighboring cell is redundant or missing by analyzing MRs.Timing power-off of the compact BTS consists of BTS power-off and BTS sleeping at night. If there is no traffic or light traffic in a certain period, the power-off and power-on time of the compact BTS can be configured on the BSC. Also during night the BTS is put in sleeping mode.

A VGCS call is a half-duplex group call that is established in a predefined area for multiple service subscribers to participate in. Simply, VGCS is a service where several persons talk and more persons listen.When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.During VGCS call initiation, the initiator does not seize a dedicated channel; instead, the network regards the initiator as a talker and assigns the initiator a group call channel to establish the VGCS call. Thus, the dedicated channels can be saved. group call channel to the talker. Compared with the normal VGCS call initiation, the initiation of a VGCS call through only one channel saves TCHs and A-interface circuits.Talker identification is a process in which the information about the talking subscriber is sent to listening subscribers when a VGCS subscriber talks on the uplink of the group call channel.The eMLPP service provides seven priorities (A, B, 0-4). During call establishment or handover, a group or MS with high priority can be preferentially assigned radio resources or preempt the radio resources seized by an MS with low priority.

Enhancement of VGCS consists of fallback and VGCS resource check. Fallback: If the requirement for service continuity is high, the fallback function is provided in the BTS coverage area when the BTS is out of service because of transmission failure. VGCS resource check: Periodical VGCS resource checks are performed on the BSC and BTS to eliminate inconsistent VGCS calls. At present, the VGCS resource check function can be used to solve the problem that a VGCS call exists on the BTS side but does not exist on the BSC side.

VBS is a service where one person talks and several persons listen (no limitation on the number of listeners). The difference between VGCS and VBS is that only the initiator is allowed to talk during a VBS call and other members are always in the listening state.When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.If the core network of the traditional GSM system cannot be replaced with the GSM-R core network, GSM-R services and traditional GSM services can be processed in the same network. That is, the BSC implements the function of forwarding GSM-R services.


With the help of this feature, operators can divide a network into multiple areas, which are called handover shared areas, at the BSC based on location areas. In addition, operators can configure the mapping between the IMSI ranges and the handover shared areas to limit the areas to which an MS can be handed over. In this way, the MS can be handed over to only the cells in the handover shared area that maps to the IMSI of the MS.

The dual carriers in downlink feature is an enhanced solution for downlink packet data rate, in which two downlink carriers are supported and the downlink data rate is doubled, that is, the downlink data rate of the EGPRS system is increased from 473.6 kbit/s to 947.2 kbit/s.


With this feature, telecom operators can temporarily withdraw the license limitation in the case of a sudden increase in traffic volume due to natural disasters, holidays, or a faulty BSC in the BSC Pool scenario. For each release version of BSC6900, the operation personnel have three chances to enable this feature. The validity period is seven days each time.With the access control (ACC) feature, the BSC can control the number of MSs accessing the network at a certain time by allowing only the MSs of a certain ACC class to access the network.

If the Iur-g interface exists between the UTRAN and the GERAN, the UTRAN-to-GERAN NACC procedure is an optimized NACC procedure. In this case, the UE obtains the SI of the target cell directly over the Iur-g interface.The BSC6900 enables the redirection and handover between the GSM and UMTS systems based on the load condition and difference in each network. In this way, the two networks in the same coverage area can have similar load conditions, thus reducing the risk of access congestion.The inter-RAT service distribution is performed in two directions: UMTS to GSM (controlled by the RNC) and GSM to UMTS (controlled by the BSC). As a result of load-based system redirection and handover, the CS services will mainly be handled by the GSM network whereas the high-rate data services will mainly be handled by the UMTS network.

With the 2G/3G Co-Transmission by TDM Switching feature, Huawei SingleRAN equipment uses the TDM timeslot cross connection function to enable the SDH to be shared by the GSM traffic and UMTS traffic.

The GSM and UMTS traffic can be multiplexed onto the same SDH/PDH network through the TDM timeslot cross-connect function. Through the fractional ATM or fractional IP function, the RNC and NodeB can map ATM cells or IP packets onto several E1 timeslots. TDM timeslots can be shared by the GU networks on the Abis and Iub interfaces respectively.The GSM and UMTS bandwidth allocation uni-control feature improves the utilization efficiency of transmission resources while ensuring the fairness of transmission bandwidth allocation between GSM and UMTS.


Inter-RAT cell reselection between GERAN and EUTRAN involves the cell reselection from GERAN to EUTRAN and the cell reselection from EUTRAN to GERAN. Cell reselection is performed mainly by the MS.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports coverage-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports quality-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports load-based handover.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports handover based on priority of neighbour cells.The inter-RAT handover between the GERAN and the EUTRAN involves inter-RAT handover from the GERAN to the EUTRAN and inter-RAT handover from the EUTRAN to the GERAN. This feature supports service-based handover.eNC2 is network-controlled cell reselection between GSM and LTE. Compared with the autonomous cell reselection of the MS, the network-controlled cell reselection comprehensively considers such factors as the receive level and load status in the serving cell and the neighboring cells so that the MS can reselect a proper cell. In this way, the loads in the cells can be balanced.The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.


In common cases, one cell is configured with one BCCH physical channel, which is configured on timeslot 0 of the BCCH TRX. The feature of Multiple CCCHs (GBFD-511501 Multiple CCCHs) also allows one to configure timeslots 2, 4, and 6 of the BCCH TRX as BCCH physical channels.


The enhanced dual-band network is an improvement on the existing dual-band network. It is implemented as follows: physically, two single-band cells are located at the same layer and have the same priority but different coverage areas; logically, the two cells serve as neighboring cells of each other and form a cell group, namely, one overlaid cell and one underlaid cell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables channel sharing and load balancing between the two cells in the cell group.Flex MAIO is a feature through which the BSC dynamically adjusts the MAIO according to the current interference level of a channel when assigning an MAIO to the channel (note that the BSC assigns an MAIO to only a channel under activation). In this way, the BSC assigns the MAIO with the minimum interference to the channel, and the channel experiences the minimum interference in the BTS.

Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining. EICC is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference.

In GSM, the frequency of the BCCH must remain unchanged, that is, the BCCH cannot participate in FH. In baseband FH, other channels on the BCCH TRX except the BCCH can participate in FH to obtain FH gains. In RF FH, the transmit frequency of each TRX changes. Therefore, the BCCH TRX cannot participate in RF FH.

The BCCH dense frequency multiplexing technology is applicable to the network with limited frequency resources. It helps to increase the reusability of BCCH frequencies and reduce the number of frequencies used by the BCCHs. Therefore, more frequencies can be used at the FH layer.


TRX power amplifier intelligent shutdown on the timeslot level is supported and the power consumption of the power amplifier on the timeslot level is zero. There are eight timeslots in a TRX. If only one timeslot has traffic and the other seven timeslots are idle, the power amplifier is working only in the timeslot with the traffic, and is shut down in the other seven timeslots.Intelligent Combiner Bypass (ICB) applies to double-transceiver unit. When the non-BCCH TRX is idle, the BCCH TRX is in ICB mode with a capacity of one TRX. The lowest voltage is used by power amplifier on the BCCH TRX, and the output power of a single power amplifier on the BCCH TRX is 15 W/10 W. After Power Boost Technology (PBT) is used on the BCCH TRX, the transmit power on top of the cabinet of the BCCH TRX is the same as that of a single power amplifier, that is, 60 W/40 W.When the mains supply is cut off, the BTS uses the storage battery as a back up power supply. The battery capacity, however, is limited, and the BSC reduces the power consumption of the BTS by shutting down some TRXs or decreasing the maximum transmit power of the TRX to prolong the battery discharge time.

To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.When the transmit power of the TRX power amplifier decreases, the working voltage of the TRX can be lowered in the condition that the power gain of the TRX power amplifier remains almost the same. In this way, the power consumption of the TRX power amplifier and the overall power consumption of the BTS are also reduced.

Weather adaptive power management determines the proper volume of energy consumption based on the available energy sources (the electric power is generated by the solar battery, not by the algorithm or storage battery). The general principle is to keep balance between energy consumption and generation, to prevent power failures and energy wastes at the same time.

In an actual network, not all the BTSs or cells are busy and not both the PS and CS services have a high traffic volume at a specific time. Generally, if the load of one BTS is heavy, the load of other BTSs is light; if the traffic volume of the PS service is high, that of the CS service is low, and vice versa. Flex Abis (Flexible Abis) enables the sharing of the Abis interface transmission resources among different BTSs, cells, and services, and thus improves the resource utilization. Flex Abis is a mode of allocating the Abis interface transmission resources. That is, the Abis interface transmission resources form a resource pool that is shared by the CS service and PS service (including idle timeslots) among different cells and BTSs.

Flex Ater is a function based on which Ater resources are allocated according to the channel type during the call establishment. If TCHFs are allocated on the Um interface, 16 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface. If TCHHs are allocated on the Um interface, 8 kbit/s timeslots are used on the Ater interface.

An MSC pool is defined as a group of MSCs handling the traffic generated from one MSC pool area. A BSC belonging to an MSC pool area is connected to each MSC in the MSC pool. All the MSCs in the MSC pool implement load balancing and resource sharing for even distribution of traffic in the MSC pool, thus reducing inter-MSC handovers and providing redundancy.SGSN Pool, also known as Gb Flex, enables multiple SGSNs to form a SGSN pool. A BSC belonging to an SGSN pool area is connected to all SGSNs in the related SGSN pool. The resources and load are shared by all the SGSNs in the pool, thus balancing the traffic load and reducing inter-SGSN handovers.Abis Bypass is introduced in the network with the chain topology to avoid the problem of service disruption on other BTSs upon the power failure of one BTS. With the Abis Bypass feature, a bypass transmission link is formed within the BTS that is powered off to transfer data to other BTSs following the faulty BTS on the chain. Thus, the power failure of a BTS will not affect the normal services on the subsequent BTSs on the chain.

The BSC node redundancy is a function through which two BSCs form a redundancy group. The two BSCs in a redundancy group work in 1+1 load sharing mode. When one BSC in a redundancy group is faulty or all the signaling links on the A interface are faulty, the other BSC in this group takes over the voice and data services.

Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad. The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell.

The QoS-based service distribution feature is introduced to optimize the utilization of resources in 2G and 3G networks. For example, voice services and low-rate data services are distributed to the 2G network, whereas high-rate data services are distributed to the 3G network to achieve high peak throughput.


The semipermanent link enables some of the idle E1 timeslots in the BSS system to be used to provide transmission paths for subscribers. The paths are used to transmit information such as business hall information, alarm information on the BTS AC power supply, and other maintenance information.



ALC adjusts the gain of uplink and downlink digital speech signals every 20 ms and changes the amplitude of digital speech signals in static or dynamic mode. This keeps the voice level of the entire network within an appropriate range, prevents volume fluctuation for the two parties during a call, and prevents voice distortion.Acoustic echoing refers to a phenomenon in which a calling party can hear not only the voice of the called party but also his/her own voice when making a call to another MS. The Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) feature of the BSC is implemented by the DSP of the DPU board. The DSP analyzes the uplink and downlink digital voice signals, searches for acoustic echoes in the uplink speech signals, and suppresses the acoustic echoes.

To improve the quality of speech signals, Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is introduced to pass by the TC decoder when the originating MS and the terminating MS use the same speech version. The speech signal is coded at the originating MS and decoded at the terminating MS, and is transparently transmitted between the TCs at the two ends. Thus, the process of encoding and decoding by the TC is eliminated to improve the quality of the speech signal.

In the communication system, the bit error of the transmission link may be caused by the mobile terminal, interference between transmission links, or changes in the load of the TRX. When bit error occurs in voice transmission, at least one frame is lost before it arrives at the decoder, and thus the voice quality deteriorates. EPLC predicts the information contained in the missing frame by using the information contained in the good frames and by considering the correlation between the previous frames and subsequent frames of the missing frame. In this way, the voice quality is improved.

GSM will coexist with UMTS for a long time. To obtain better performance of the interoperability between the UMTS network and the GSM network and to obtain more measurement information about the neighboring cells, a new type of measurement report (MR), that is, the enhanced measurement report (EMR), is introduced.BTS power lift for handover function determines whether the BTS of the serving cell transmits signals at the maximum power during a handover. The BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the handover to ensure the success of the handover.

Voice Quality Enhancement. Based on VQE1.0, some optimization is brought into VQE3.0. In VQE3.0, the system can distinguish music and RBT services from noises more accurately, the function of real-time speech monitoring over the network is supported, the ACLP feature is added, and the AEC, ALC, ANC, and ANR features are enhanced.

AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. FR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 12.2 kbit/s.AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. HR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s.The procedure of power control for AMR calls is similar to that for non-AMR calls. In Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm, parameters related to AMR power control are configured separately from those related to non-AMR power control. The AMR calls and non-AMR calls can adopt different power control strategies.

The sampling frequency of WB AMR is 16 kHz, and the speech frequency ranges from 50 Hz to 7 kHz. Compared with AMR, WB AMR has wide high frequency extension and low frequency extension. Thus, WB AMR can provide better speech quality. In the GSM system, WB AMR specifies five speech coding rates. In addition, WB AMR occupies only full-rate channels. Rates: 6.60 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 23.85 kbit/s.


PoC (Push-to-talk over Cellular) services belong to the real-time packet services and have strict requirements on bandwidth and transfer delay. The scheduling priority of conversational services and PoC services is higher than other services. The bandwidth requirement of PoC services is guaranteed by the GBR mechanism of streaming class. To meet the low transfer delay requirement of PoC services, the BSC takes many optimization measures, such as preferentially scheduling PoC services, using a low-rate coding scheme, and using the policy of balanced channel allocation between uplink and downlink.

NACC is generally combined with PACKET SI STATUS. The PACKET SI STATUS procedure is initiated if the MS does not obtain the complete SI of the target cell through the NACC procedure. The combination of these two procedures ensures the normal operation of PS services, thus reducing the service delay or disruption.

Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS paging messages to the MS.


Dynamic adjustment of transmission interval of the RRBP field is a process in which the BSC transmits downlink data with the RRBP field at different intervals depending on whether an uplink TBF exists and whether the delayed release of the downlink TBF is performed at an early stage or at a late stage. Thus, the speed of establishing an uplink TBF on the downlink is increased.

To achieve the minimum possible time delay, Huawei introduces the PS Handover feature that can allocate radio resources to the MS in the target cell before the cell reselection is performed. Thus, the delay is shortened to not more than 150 ms. In addition, the PS Handover feature considers factors such as signal level and load of the neighboring cells before cell reselection is performed. This ensures a high success rate of the PS handover and great data throughput in the target cell, thus improving the QoS.

PS power control is a technology based on which the transmit power of the MS or BTS is adjusted according to the quality of the link over the Um interface after setup. In this manner, the transmit power is reduced without affecting the link quality, thus reducing the network interference and expanding the network capacity.

The Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) is a supplementary service offered by the GSM system. When the eMLPP feature is enabled, the MS with a high priority has advantages in terms of the call setup rate, call completion capability, and service continuity. When TCHs are insufficient, for example, during traffic peak hours, the calls with a higher priority can preempt the resources of the calls with a lower priority.



The automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS mainly applies to simple network structure. Initially, the BTS is configured with a single frequency. As the traffic volume increases, the system may activate another frequency by performing the automatic capacity and coverage planning of Compact BTS and distribute transmit power between the two frequencies.Automatic neighboring cell planning applies to the scenario where a BTS is newly deployed in an existing GSM network. It is necessary only when BTSs have overlapping coverage areas. Automatic neighboring cell optimization is a feature with which the M2000 automatically starts the BTS neighboring cell optimization after determining that a neighboring cell is redundant or missing by analyzing MRs.

When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.During VGCS call initiation, the initiator does not seize a dedicated channel; instead, the network regards the initiator as a talker and assigns the initiator a group call channel to establish the VGCS call. Thus, the dedicated channels can be saved. group call channel to the talker. Compared with the normal VGCS call initiation, the initiation of a VGCS call through only one channel saves TCHs and A-interface circuits.


When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.




With this feature, telecom operators can temporarily withdraw the license limitation in the case of a sudden increase in traffic volume due to natural disasters, holidays, or a faulty BSC in the BSC Pool scenario. For each release version of BSC6900, the operation personnel have three chances to enable this feature. The validity period is seven days each time.

The inter-RAT service distribution is performed in two directions: UMTS to GSM (controlled by the RNC) and GSM to UMTS (controlled by the BSC). As a result of load-based system redirection and handover, the CS services will mainly be handled by the GSM network whereas the high-rate data services will mainly be handled by the UMTS network.

The GSM and UMTS traffic can be multiplexed onto the same SDH/PDH network through the TDM timeslot cross-connect function. Through the fractional ATM or fractional IP function, the RNC and NodeB can map ATM cells or IP packets onto several E1 timeslots. TDM timeslots can be shared by the GU networks on the Abis and Iub interfaces respectively.


eNC2 is network-controlled cell reselection between GSM and LTE. Compared with the autonomous cell reselection of the MS, the network-controlled cell reselection comprehensively considers such factors as the receive level and load status in the serving cell and the neighboring cells so that the MS can reselect a proper cell. In this way, the loads in the cells can be balanced.The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.

Dynamic Transmit Diversity is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. The two channels with the same timeslot number on the two TRXs can work as a channel group if required. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage.Dynamic PBT is timeslot-based. Normally, two TRXs in a double-transceiver unit work independently. If required, the two channels of the same timeslot number on the two TRXs work as a channel group. That is, the two channels can be converted into a channel group, and the channel group into two independent channels. This balances cost, capacity, and coverage. Dynamic PBT increases resource utilization and assists in expanding the coverage.In the existing network, the BSC controls multiple BTSs and manages BTS radio resources, and the BTS handles services. In the case of PS services, the BTS determines whether to use GMSK or 8PSK modulation scheme according to the service type of the BSC. In 8PSK modulation scheme, the maximum transmit power of a TRX is improved through enhanced EDGE coverage so that the maximum output power of high-rate PS services is the same as that of CS services. In this way, the average output power of high-rate PS services in 8PSK modulation scheme is the same as that of CS services.

The enhanced dual-band network is an improvement on the existing dual-band network. It is implemented as follows: physically, two single-band cells are located at the same layer and have the same priority but different coverage areas; logically, the two cells serve as neighboring cells of each other and form a cell group, namely, one overlaid cell and one underlaid cell. The enhanced dual-band network algorithm enables channel sharing and load balancing between the two cells in the cell group.Flex MAIO is a feature through which the BSC dynamically adjusts the MAIO according to the current interference level of a channel when assigning an MAIO to the channel (note that the BSC assigns an MAIO to only a channel under activation). In this way, the BSC assigns the MAIO with the minimum interference to the channel, and the channel experiences the minimum interference in the BTS.

Enhanced Interference Rejection Combining. EICC is developed from ICC. Generally, the interfering signals received from multiple antennas are both space correlated (among the antennas) and time correlated. The difference between ICC and EICC is that ICC considers only space correlation to eliminate interference whereas EICC considers both space correlation and time correlation to suppress and eliminate interference.

The IEEE1588 V2 solution uses the same server/client architecture as the clock over IP solution. In the IEEE1588 V2 solution, the IPCLK1000 acts as the server, and the Huawei base station is embedded with the synchronization client. The clock over IP solution and the IEEE1588 V2 solution differ with respect to the clock synchronization procedure and the frame format. As for the frame format, the clock over IP solution complies with the Huawei proprietary standard, whereas the IEEE1588 V2 solution complies with the IEEE1588 V2 standard.

Intelligent Combiner Bypass (ICB) applies to double-transceiver unit. When the non-BCCH TRX is idle, the BCCH TRX is in ICB mode with a capacity of one TRX. The lowest voltage is used by power amplifier on the BCCH TRX, and the output power of a single power amplifier on the BCCH TRX is 15 W/10 W. After Power Boost Technology (PBT) is used on the BCCH TRX, the transmit power on top of the cabinet of the BCCH TRX is the same as that of a single power amplifier, that is, 60 W/40 W.

To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.


Abis Bypass is introduced in the network with the chain topology to avoid the problem of service disruption on other BTSs upon the power failure of one BTS. With the Abis Bypass feature, a bypass transmission link is formed within the BTS that is powered off to transfer data to other BTSs following the faulty BTS on the chain. Thus, the power failure of a BTS will not affect the normal services on the subsequent BTSs on the chain.




Acoustic echoing refers to a phenomenon in which a calling party can hear not only the voice of the called party but also his/her own voice when making a call to another MS. The Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) feature of the BSC is implemented by the DSP of the DPU board. The DSP analyzes the uplink and downlink digital voice signals, searches for acoustic echoes in the uplink speech signals, and suppresses the acoustic echoes.

To improve the quality of speech signals, Tandem Free Operation (TFO) is introduced to pass by the TC decoder when the originating MS and the terminating MS use the same speech version. The speech signal is coded at the originating MS and decoded at the terminating MS, and is transparently transmitted between the TCs at the two ends. Thus, the process of encoding and decoding by the TC is eliminated to improve the quality of the speech signal.


AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. FR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s, 12.2 kbit/s.AMR is an adaptive multi-rate voice coding/decoding, which is termed full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 in GSM specifications. AMR enables the BTS and the MS to automatically select an appropriate coding/decoding rate from the specified ACS according to the interference level in the radio environment. HR: 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s.

The sampling frequency of WB AMR is 16 kHz, and the speech frequency ranges from 50 Hz to 7 kHz. Compared with AMR, WB AMR has wide high frequency extension and low frequency extension. Thus, WB AMR can provide better speech quality. In the GSM system, WB AMR specifies five speech coding rates. In addition, WB AMR occupies only full-rate channels. Rates: 6.60 kbit/s, 8.85 kbit/s, 12.65 kbit/s, 15.85 kbit/s, 23.85 kbit/s.



Network operation mode I supports the paging coordination on the core network (CN). This function requires the configuration of the Gs interface. For a GPRS-attached MS, the network uses the same paging channel for transmitting PS and CS paging messages. Thus, the MS needs to monitor only one paging channel. If a PDCH is assigned to the MS, the network can use this PDCH for transmitting CS paging messages to the MS.



The Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service (eMLPP) is a supplementary service offered by the GSM system. When the eMLPP feature is enabled, the MS with a high priority has advantages in terms of the call setup rate, call completion capability, and service continuity. When TCHs are insufficient, for example, during traffic peak hours, the calls with a higher priority can preempt the resources of the calls with a lower priority.


Automatic neighboring cell planning applies to the scenario where a BTS is newly deployed in an existing GSM network. It is necessary only when BTSs have overlapping coverage areas. Automatic neighboring cell optimization is a feature with which the M2000 automatically starts the BTS neighboring cell optimization after determining that a neighboring cell is redundant or missing by analyzing MRs.

When a VGCS/VBS call is established, no radio channels are assigned. If the cell has a VGCS/VBS subscriber, the subscriber sends a Channel Request message to the network after receiving a notification message. Then, the network assigns the VGCS/VBS channel to this cell through the notification response procedure. If the assignment of the VGCS/VBS channel is delayed when a VGCS/VBS call is established, the radio channel resources can be saved effectively and the congestion rate of the radio channel can be decreased.During VGCS call initiation, the initiator does not seize a dedicated channel; instead, the network regards the initiator as a talker and assigns the initiator a group call channel to establish the VGCS call. Thus, the dedicated channels can be saved. group call channel to the talker. Compared with the normal VGCS call initiation, the initiation of a VGCS call through only one channel saves TCHs and A-interface circuits.






The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.

In the existing network, the BSC controls multiple BTSs and manages BTS radio resources, and the BTS handles services. In the case of PS services, the BTS determines whether to use GMSK or 8PSK modulation scheme according to the service type of the BSC. In 8PSK modulation scheme, the maximum transmit power of a TRX is improved through enhanced EDGE coverage so that the maximum output power of high-rate PS services is the same as that of CS services. In this way, the average output power of high-rate PS services in 8PSK modulation scheme is the same as that of CS services.

The IEEE1588 V2 solution uses the same server/client architecture as the clock over IP solution. In the IEEE1588 V2 solution, the IPCLK1000 acts as the server, and the Huawei base station is embedded with the synchronization client. The clock over IP solution and the IEEE1588 V2 solution differ with respect to the clock synchronization procedure and the frame format. As for the frame format, the clock over IP solution complies with the Huawei proprietary standard, whereas the IEEE1588 V2 solution complies with the IEEE1588 V2 standard.

To reduce the power consumption of the whole network, the feature of dynamic cell power off is introduced to the multiband network. When the traffic volume is low, the power amplifiers of all the TRXs in the DCS1800 cells are shut down and the GSM900 cells provide services for all the subscribers, so that the power consumption of the whole network is reduced. When the traffic volume increases, the cells that have been shut down are enabled again, thus meeting the requirement for traffic volume.



The eNACC between the EUTRAN and GERAN, which is short for External Network Assisted Cell Change, functions as follows: In NC0/NC1 mode and packet transfer mode, if an MS determines to perform cell reselection, it requests the system information (SI) about the target cell from the BSC. Then, the BSC sends the requested SI through the Cell Change Notification (CCN) procedure. According to the SI about the target cell, the MS accelerates the packet service access in the target cell. In this way, the period of PS service disruption during a cell reselection is shortened.In Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC), speech services are implemented in EUTRAN packet network, so technically the SRVCC feature can be regarded as a real LTE VoIP technique. The SRVCC feature enables the speech services that are carried on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to be handed over to the GERAN. A UE accesses the IMS to maintain the speech service through circuit switch in the GERAN or packet switch in the EUTRAN. The SRVCC feature supports only handover of speech services from EUTRAN to GERAN. It is available only when the EUTRAN and the GERAN cover the same area.

2g huawei sw and feature information collection.xlsx

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