2nd circuit on hathi - authors guild

Upload: jeffroberts881

Post on 03-Jun-2018

223 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    1/34

    !"#$#%&'!"#$%&'(")*+,-./01023#$)4&"'#

    !" $%&!

    '"($&) *$+$&, -./0$ .1 233&+4,"

    5.0 $%& *&6.") -(06/($())))))))#

    $

    *+,+-./0123"4!(5%

    678!"#$#%&'9:

    *;/?@;ABC3A6D83*;?/>*BA*6?=DAE/F=G*;/?BAHA/EC3!4

    ;6A=6CE?ED>AI*A6E?E/CE?ED>AI*A6?J;EKED=A?3*6@EB=!!B=;L*LA?3>=M*6*>=KA6?=63*6C>E>=F3N*HE??=3C*6AEBE!"?AHO?=63/8N8?/ABE?3G*FPEBC=63*;/?BE*@;EG;6C3A6D83!(

    *;/?QBADE6?A6@*6CD=BBED/A6@?=DAE/F3?IE>A@E?!#G=>G*//*>G=>K;6C36=>?LG*@BA//E>*E>G=>G*//E>=@!$

    =IE>?E//E>G=>E6A6@3P>A/E>?Q;6A=6=GD*6*C*3O*/D;HHA6@?3!5E>AL@>;6C?/>=H3=66A6@3N*DL>8?*B*H*6D*3!%

    5*3).#)66'!778**3.#'3!9

    !:

    10"4

    "!

    6EBB;6AIE>?A/F3H*>F?;ED=BEH*63O10-RS0T.3"";TR'01-R.U7VHR&WR,XT3N*6E/6*O=BA/*6=3O10-RS0T.3;TR'01-R.U7V"(DXYRV71TRX3>*FH=6CP8D>=??3O10-RS0T.3;TR'01-R.U7VPR-&7T-RT"#

    ?U-.023HAD=KKAE3O10-RS0T.3ATSRXTX;TR'01-R.U3"$9868.+3.#'!778**88'3!"5

    "%

    !O+1-+XT. .7G0S01XY>+Y07V*ZZ0YYX.0O17&0S+10#([&\["\3]0X+.72X.R&XYYU-+^-.R.+.0.W0&+110T.Z10-RS0T.7V .W0;TR'01-R.U7VDXYRV71TRX3NXT0.6XZ7YR.XT73XTS .W0&+110T.Z10-RS0T.7V .W0;TR'01-R.U7VPR-&7T-RT?U-.023>XU27TSP8D17--3 RTZYX&07V .W0R1Z10S0&0--71-RT7VVR&08

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    2/34

    " 678!"#$#%&'

    6*/A=6*BGECE>*/A=6=G/@A6*LBEE@E3!KB*A>?EACBA/_3D=;>/6EFP3EBBE63D*K>*6E?3XTSO*>LE>3

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    3/34

    ( 678!"#$#%&'

    ^X-0S 7T .W0 SR-.1R&. &7+1.Q- W7YSRT, 10YX.0S .7 .W0 &YXR2 7V!RTV1RT,020T.Z10SR&X.0S+Z7TS0V0TSXT.-XZZ0YY00-QZ10-01'X.R7T7V"

    &7ZU1R,W.0S]71`-3XTS]0102XTSV71V+1.W01Z17&00SRT,-7T.WX.(R--+08*VVR120S3RTZX1.f'X&X.0S3RTZX1.8#

    ))))))))$

    ECP*>C =?E6/7^01.N8 K01T-.0RT360] F71`36F3 %. #$8!5=&)86fO0.01NX-hR3DW0'UDWX-03HC3%.#$8=&)8636%&!%-.#8&18.%&9868.+3.#'!778**88'0!9

    N0TTRV01 H8 ;1^XT3 OX20YX ?X2+0Y-7T3 CX'RS!:)/)

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    4/34

    # 678!"#$#%&'

    N7TX.WXT KXTS3 N7TX.WXT KXTS OBBD3!PX-WRT,.7T3 CD3 6%& !>)/"' 8&)/3. 8&)/3.F.)18&')#)8',8#3*0!"

    EYRhX^0.W*8H&6X2X1X3*YR-7TK8?&WX1U3D7YRT!(N8 O0T,?+03 CX'R-P1R,W. /102XRT0 BBO3 60]!#F71`36F36%&!>)/"'

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    5/34

    $ 678!"#$#%&'

    F.)18&')#C %6 -**).%)',H%3&+ %64&"'#88' %6G)/$);3.!

    D#3#8F.)18&')#C,8#3*0"

    NX-7T ?&W+Y.h3 K01`0Y0U3 D*f HX..W0] ?X,3(DWR&X,73 AB3 6%& !>)/) 3.)#)8'#3.+B3AD/$%*3&'0$

    HR&WX0Y PX.01-.7T03 B7- *T,0Y0-3 D*f >7^01.5CRT01-.0RT3 PX-WRT,.7T3 CDf DW1R-.7ZW01 )/)

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    6/34

    5 678!"#$#%&'

    ?.0'0TK8GX^1RhR73L0TT0.WB8C717-W7]3?.0'0T!>8 ET,Y+TS3 N0TT01 g KY7&` BBO3 PX-WRT,.7T3"

    CD36%&!>)/"'8&)/3,-./0#

    ))))))))$

    K*>>A6@/=6C8O*>LE>3

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    7/34

    % 678!"#$#%&'

    ]71`XTS.W0T+2^017V.R20-.W0.012XZZ0X1-7T0X&WZX,08/W0!

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    8/34

    9 678!"#$#%&'

    ^+.Z1RT.SR-X^RYR.R0-XY-7 RT&Y+S0 .W7-0 .WX.Z10'0T.XZ01-7T V172!ZWU-R&XYYUW7YSRT, X^77`71 .+1TRT,ZX,0-8/7+-0 .WR- -01'R&03 X"

    ZX.17T2+-. 7^.XRT &01.RVR&X.R7T 7V WR- SR-X^RYR.U V172 X i+XYRVR0S(0eZ01.8/W17+,W.W03;8'7V"40X&WZX,0RT.W0]71`X-.W0UXZZ0X1RT.W0Z1RT.'01-R7T8"!

    !+,-.'3;-03?5@3>A.B1""

    ?0ZX1X.0XTSXZX1.V172.W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    9/34

    : 678!"#$#%&'

    R- -.RYY RT &7ZU1R,W.3^+.]W7-0 &7ZU1R,W.W7YS01 &XTT7.^0 10XSRYU!RS0T.RVR0S 71 Y7&X.0S8D88;8?8D7ZU1R,W.=VVR&0367.R&0 7V ATi+R1U3"

    =1ZWXTP71`-XTSHX--CR,R.RhX.R7T3%%G0S8>0,85#$$$ [=&.8""3("4!"\8#

    /W0 ;TR'01-R.U 7VHR&WR,XT &7T&0R'0S 7V .W0 =PO RT .]7$-.X,0-a GR1-.3 .W0 Z17b0&. ]7+YS X..02Z. .7 RS0T.RVU 7+.7VZ1RT.5]71`-3 .1U .7 VRTS .W0R1 &7ZU1R,W. W7YS01-3 XTS3 RV T7 &7ZU1R,W.%W7YS01&7+YS^0V7+TS3Z+^YR-WXYR-.7V71ZWXT]71`-&XTSRSX.0-.790TX^Y0 .W0 &7ZU1R,W. W7YS01- .7 &720 V71]X1S 71 ^0 7.W01]R-0:Y7&X.0S8 AVT7 &7ZU1R,W.W7YS01 &X20 V71]X1S3 .W0]71`]X- .7^0!4

    S0-R,TX.0S X- XT 71ZWXT]71`8 ?0&7TS3 .W7-0]71`- RS0T.RVR0S X-!!71ZWXT]71`-]7+YS^02XS0 X&&0--R^Y0 RT SR,R.XY V712X. .7 .W0!"=POQ- YR^1X1U ZX.17T- []R.W -R2+Y.XT07+- 'R0]01- YR2R.0S .7 .W0!(T+2^017VWX1S&7ZR0-7]T0S^U.W0YR^1X1U\8!#

    /W0;TR'01-R.U0'RS0T.YU^0&X20&7T&01T0S.WX.R.--&100TRT,!$Z17&0--]X-T7. XS0i+X.0YUSR-.RT,+R-WRT,^0.]00T 71ZWXT]71`-!5[]WR&W]010.7^0RT&Y+S0SRT.W0=PO\XTSRTZ1RT.]71`-[]WR&W!%]010T7.\8*-X10-+Y.3^0V710.W0=PO]X-^17+,W.7TYRT03^+.XV.01!9

    .W0 &72ZYXRT. ]X- VRY0S RT .WR- &X-03 .W0 ;TR'01-R.U RTS0VRTR.0YU!: -+-Z0TS0S.W0Z17b0&.867&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`WX-^00TSR-.1R^+.0S71"4SR-ZYXU0S .W17+,W .W0Z17b0&.XTS R. 102XRT- -+-Z0TS0SX-7V .WR-"!]1R.RT,8""

    #+@3>B..C2

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    10/34

    !4 678!"#$#%&'

    Z012R..0S .7 RT.01'0T0 .7S0V0TS .W0R1X^RYR.U .7&7T.RT+0+-RT, .W0!

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    11/34

    !! 678!"#$#%&'

    .W0 X1.- .WX. X. .W0 -X20 .R20 0VV0&.+X.0- .W0 RS0XY-!0-Z7+-0S^U .W0 m*201R&XT-PR.W CR-X^RYR.R0- *&. 7V"

    !::43 O+^8 B8 678 !4!((53 !4# ?.X.8 ("% [&7SRVR0S X-(X20TS0SX.#";8?8D8kk!"!4!38#'8L0\n8#

    -+0X.#5#8$

    60e.3 .W0 SR-.1R&. &7+1. XSS10--0S .W0 BR^1X1R0-Q DWXV005*20TS20T.S0V0T-08;TS01.W0*20TS20T.3cX+.W71Rh0S0T.R.R0-d%X10 Z012R..0S .7 10Z17S+&0 71 SR-.1R^+.0 &7ZR0- 7V X Z10'R7+-YU9Z+^YR-W0S3 T7TS1X2X.R& YR.01X1U ]71` RT -Z0&RXYRh0S V712X.-:

    0e&Y+-R'0YU

    V71

    +-0

    ^U

    .W0

    ^YRTS

    71

    7.W01

    Z01-7T-

    ]R.W

    SR-X^RYR.R0-8

    D88

    !4

    !%;8?8D8k!"!f23#$)4&"'#3:4"G8?+ZZ8"SX.#5$8;TS01k!"!3XT!!coX+.W71Rh0S 0T.R.UQ 20XT- X T7TZ17VR. 71,XTRhX.R7T 71 X!",7'01T20T.XY X,0T&U .WX. WX- X Z1R2X1U 2R--R7T .7 Z17'RS0!(-Z0&RXYRh0S -01'R&0- 10YX.RT, .7 .1XRTRT,3 0S+&X.R7T3 71 XSXZ.R'0!#10XSRT,71 RTV712X.R7TX&&0--T00S-7V^YRTS717.W01Z01-7T-]R.W!$SR-X^RYR.R0-8d!%;8?8D8k!"![S\[!\8!5

    /W0SR-.1R&.&7+1.-.X.0S.WX..W0*C*10i+R10-.WX.YR^1X1R0-7V!%

    0S+&X.R7TXY

    RT-.R.+.R7T-3

    -+&W

    X-

    .W0

    BR^1X1R0-

    RT

    .WR-

    &X-03

    cWX'0

    X

    !9

    Z1R2X1U 2R--R7T .7 10Z17S+&0 XTS SR-.1R^+.0 .W0R1 &7YY0&.R7T- .7!:Z1RT.SR-X^Y0S RTSR'RS+XY-3d]WR&W3 X&&71SRT, .7N+S,0KX0132XS0"4c0X&W YR^1X1U X Z7.0T.RXY oX+.W71Rh0S 0T.R.UQ +TS01 .W0 DWXV00"!*20TS20T.8d23#$)4&"'#3 :4" G8 ?+ZZ8 "S X. #5$8*- X 10-+Y.3 .W0""SR-.1R&.&7+1.&7T&Y+S0S.WX.cm.nW0Z17'R-R7T7VX&&0--.7Z10'R7+-YU"(Z+^YR-W0ST7TS1X2X.R&YR.01X1U]71`-]R.WRT.W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    12/34

    !" 678!"#$#%&'

    &YXR2- ]010 +T1RZ0 V71b+SR&RXY 10'R0] RT .W0 X^-0T&0 7V &1+&RXY!RTV712X.R7TX^7+.]WX. .W0Z17,1X2]7+YS Y77` YR`0XTS]W72 R."

    ]7+YS XVV0&. -W7+YS R.^0 R2ZY020T.0S3 XTS^0&X+-0 .W0*+.W71-(]7+YS-+VV01T7WX1S-WRZ^US0V011RT, YR.R,X.R7T+T.RY-+&W .R20X-#.W0BR^1X1R0-10Y0X-0S.W0S0.XRY-7VXT0]=POXTSX10'R-0SYR-.7V$71ZWXT]71`&XTSRSX.0-8 -+0X.#$$$58/W0&7+1.0T.010Sb+S,20T.5X,XRT-..W0*+.W71-3XTS.WR-XZZ0XYV7YY7]0S8%

    *EF#(FFE')9

    P0 10'R0] +8 .%1% +TS01 ]0YY0-.X^YR-W0S -.XTSX1S- .W0:

    SR-.1R&.

    &7+1.Q-

    S0&R-R7T-

    ,1XT.RT,

    -+22X1U

    b+S,20T.

    XTS

    b+S,20T.

    !4

    7T .W0ZY0XSRT,-8D88G3&3'/$)8**%10

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    13/34

    !( 678!"#$#%&'

    YX&` -.XTSRT, .7^1RT, -+R. 7T^0WXYV 7V .W0R1202^01-3 XTS .W0U!]010Z17Z01YUSR-2R--0SV172.W0-+R.8"

    /W0 102XRTRT, V7+1 X+.W71-Q X--7&RX.R7T-p;TR7T S0-(q&1R'XRT0- 0. S0- q&1R'XRT- J+r^r&7R-3 *+.W71-Q BR&0T-RT, XTS#D7YY0&.RT,?7&R0.U3?'01R,0-Gs1VX..X1Vs1^+TS3XTS671-`VX,YR..01t1$V71VX..017 7, 7'01-0..01V710TRT,pX--01. .WX. V710R,T YX] &7TV01-5+Z7T.W02&01.XRT0e&Y+-R'01R,W.-.70TV71&0.W0&7ZU1R,W.-7V.W0R1%V710R,T202^01- [XTX--01.R7T .WX. .W0BR^1X1R0-S7T7. &7T.0-.7T9.WR-XZZ0XY\8/W0-0V7+1X--7&RX.R7T-S7WX'0-.XTSRT,.7^1RT,-+R.:7T ^0WXYV 7V .W0R1 202^01-8 D88 -#3&43''3 !$( G8(S X. :(:#!4

    [10&7,TRhRT,

    .WX.

    XT

    X--7&RX.R7T

    X+.W71Rh0S

    ^U

    V710R,T

    YX]

    .7

    !!

    XS2RTR-.01 R.- V710R,T 202^01-Q &7ZU1R,W.- WX- -.XTSRT, .7 -00`!"RTb+T&.R'010YR0V7T^0WXYV7V.W7-0202^01-RT;8?8&7+1.\8!(

    E+G023(5.#!#

    "+!$

    *-.W0?+Z1020D7+1.WX-0eZYXRT0S3.W07'011RSRT,Z+1Z7-0!57V&7ZU1R,W.R-com.n7Z1727.0.W0O17,10--7V?&R0T&0XTS+-0V+Y*1.-!%

    8 8 8 8Qd7=8** 10!/"66R%'8G"')/, -./03 $!4;8?8 $5:3 $%# [!::#\!9[i+7.RT,;8?8D=6?/8X1.8A3k93&Y89\f'883*'%4A8.#)8#$

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    14/34

    !# 678!"#$#%&'

    D7ZR0-7VO1RT.0SK77`-RT.W0*+.W71-888S+1RT,.W0/R20-.W010RT!20T.R7T0S8d*&.V71.W0ET&7+1X,020T.7VB0X1TRT,39*TT03&W8!:8"

    AT -W71.3 7+1 YX] 10&7,TRh0- .WX. &7ZU1R,W. R- cT7. XT RT0'R.X^Y03(SR'RT03 71 TX.+1XY 1R,W. .WX. &7TV01- 7T X+.W71- .W0 X^-7Y+.0#7]T01-WRZ 7V .W0R1 &10X.R7T-8 A. R- S0-R,T0S 1X.W01 .7 -.R2+YX.0$X&.R'R.UXTSZ17,10--RT.W0X1.-V71.W0RT.0YY0&.+XY0T1R&W20T.7V.W05Z+^YR&8dOR011068B0'XY34%A3&+ 3 I3)&F'8 D#3.+3&+3 !4(I8B8%>EI8!!4$3!!4%[!::4\89

    /W0 D7ZU1R,W. *&. V+1.W01- .WR- &710 Z+1Z7-0^U ,1XT.RT,:X+.W71-XYR2R.0S27T7Z7YU7'01[XTS.W+-.W07ZZ71.+TR.U.7Z17VR.!4

    V172\.W0SR--02RTX.R7T7V.W0R171R,RTXY]71`-7VX+.W71-WRZ8D88!%!!;8?8D8kk!4"3!453(4"(4$8/W0D7ZU1R,W.*&.&7TV01-+Z7TX+.W71-!"&01.XRT 0T+201X.0S 0e&Y+-R'0 1R,W.- 7'01 .W0R1 ]71`- S+1RT, .W0!(.012 7V .W0 &7ZU1R,W.3 RT&Y+SRT, .W0 1R,W.- .7 10Z17S+&0 .W0!#&7ZU1R,W.0S]71` XTS .7 SR-.1R^+.0 .W7-0 &7ZR0- .7 .W0Z+^YR&8 -+0!$k!45[!\3[(\8/W0*&.XY-7,R'0-X+.W71-.W00e&Y+-R'01R,W..7Z10ZX10!5&01.XRTT0]]71`-p&XYY0ScS01R'X.R'0]71`-dp.WX.X10^X-0S+Z7T!%.W0 &7ZU1R,W.0S ]71`8 -+0 k !45["\8 OX1XSR,2X.R& 0eX2ZY0- 7V!9S01R'X.R'0 ]71`- RT&Y+S0 .W0 .1XT-YX.R7T 7V X T7'0Y RT.7 XT7.W01!:

    YXT,+X,03 .W0XSXZ.X.R7T7VXT7'0Y RT.7X27'R071XZYXU371 .W0"410&X-.RT,7VXT7'0YX-XT0^77`71XTX+SR7^77`8D88)+0k!4!8*-X"!,0T01XY 1+Y03 V71 ]71`- &10X.0S XV.01 NXT+X1U !3 !:%93 &7ZU1R,W.""Z17.0&.R7TYX-.-V71.W0YRV07V.W0X+.W71ZY+-XTXSSR.R7TXY%4U0X1-8"(-+0k(4"8"#

    *. .W0 -X20 .R203 .W010 X10 R2Z71.XT. YR2R.- .7 XT X+.W71Q-"$1R,W.-.7&7T.17Y71R,RTXYXTSS01R'X.R'0]71`-8=T0-+&WYR2R.R-.W0"5S7&.1RT0 7V cVXR1 +-03d ]WR&W XYY7]- .W0 Z+^YR& .7 S1X] +Z7T"%

    &7ZU1R,W.0S 2X.01RXY- ]R.W7+. .W0 Z012R--R7T 7V .W0 &7ZU1R,W."9W7YS01 RT &01.XRT &R1&+2-.XT&0-8 D88 )+0 k!4% [cm/nW0 VXR1 +-0 7V X":&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`888R-T7.XTRTV1RT,020T.7V&7ZU1R,W.8d\8cG172(4.W0RTVXT&U7V&7ZU1R,W.Z17.0&.R7T3-7207ZZ71.+TR.UV71VXR1+-07V(!

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    15/34

    !$ 678!"#$#%&'

    &7ZU1R,W.0S 2X.01RXY- WX- ^00T .W7+,W. T0&0--X1U .7 V+YVRYY!&7ZU1R,W.Q-'01UZ+1Z7-03om.n7Z1727.0.W0O17,10--7V?&R0T&0XTS"

    +-0V+Y*1.-8888Qd7=8**3$!4;8?8X.$%#8(

    ;TS01 .W0 VXR1+-0 S7&.1RT03 X ^77` 10'R0]01 2XU3 V71#0eX2ZY03i+7.0 V172XT71R,RTXY]71` RT71S01 .7 RYY+-.1X.0XZ7RT.$XTS -+^-.XT.RX.0 &1R.R&R-2-3 '88 I%*'%> 10G3&'$3 : G8DX-8 (#"3 (##5[D8D8C8HX--8 !9#!\ [678 #:4!\3 XTS X^R7,1XZW012XUi+7.0 V172%+TZ+^YR-W0Sb7+1TXY-XTS Y0..01- V71-R2RYX1Z+1Z7-0-3 '88S&);$#109S3&.8&H%%K',-./83:$(G8"S%(!["SDR18!::!\8*TX1.R-.2XU02ZY7U:&7ZU1R,W.0SZW7.7,1XZW- RTXT0]]71`.WX.+-0-X V+TSX20T.XYYU!4

    SRVV010T.X1.R-.R&XZZ17X&W3X0-.W0.R&3XTS&WX1X&.01V172.W071R,RTXY8!!D88 8.#, -./0 10

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    16/34

    !5 678!"#$#%&'

    7V VXR1 XTS 10X-7TX^Y0 &1R.R&R-23d I%*'%>3 : G8DX-8 X. (##3^+. .W0!10'R0]2XUT7.i+7.00e.0T-R'0YUV172.W0cW0X1.d7VXV71.W&72RT,"

    2027R1 RT X2XTT01 .WX.+-+1Z- .W0 1R,W.7V VR1-.Z+^YR&X.R7T XTS(-01'0- X- X -+^-.R.+.0 V71 Z+1&WX-RT, .W02027R1323&78& W R%A,#5"=*)'$8&',-./010N3#)%.E.#8&'03#%!;8?8$(:[!:9$\8$

    AT!:%53X-ZX1.7VX]W7Y0-XY010'R-R7T7V.W0D7ZU1R,W.*&.35D7T,10--&7SRVR0S.W0b+SR&RXYYU&10X.0SVXR1+-0S7&.1RT0X.!%;8?8D8%k!4%8D88D7ZU1R,W.*&.7V!:%53O+^8B8678:#$$(3k!4%3:4?.X.89"$#!3"$#5 [!:%5\ [&7SRVR0SX-X20TS0SX.!%;8?8D8k!4%\8?0&.R7T:!4%10i+R10-X&7+1..7&7T-RS01V7+1T7T0e&Y+-R'0VX&.71-]WR&WX10!4

    .7^0]0R,W0S.7,0.W01.7X--0--]W0.W01XZX1.R&+YX1+-0R-VXR1a!!

    [!\ .W0 Z+1Z7-0 XTS &WX1X&.01 7V .W0 +-03 RT&Y+SRT,!"]W0.W01 -+&W +-0 R- 7V X &72201&RXY TX.+10 71 R- V71!(T7TZ17VR.0S+&X.R7TXYZ+1Z7-0-f!#

    ["\.W0TX.+107V.W0&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`f!$

    [(\.W0X27+T.XTS-+^-.XT.RXYR.U7V.W0Z71.R7T+-0SRT!510YX.R7T.7.W0&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`X-X]W7Y0fXTS!%

    [#\.W00VV0&.7V.W0+-0+Z7T.W0Z7.0T.RXY2X1`0.V7171!9'XY+07V.W0&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`8!:

    !%;8?8D8k!4%8"4

    *T R2Z71.XT. V7&+- 7V .W0 VR1-. VX&.71 R-]W0.W01 .W0 +-0 R-"!c.1XT-V712X.R'08d*+-0R-.1XT-V712X.R'0RVR.S70--720.WRT,2710"".WXT 10ZX&`X,0 71 10Z+^YR-W .W0 71R,RTXY &7ZU1R,W.0S ]71`8 /W0"(RTi+R1U R-]W0.W01 .W0]71`cXSS- -720.WRT,T0]3]R.WX V+1.W01"#

    Z+1Z7-0 71 SRVV010T. &WX1X&.013 XY.01RT, .W0 VR1-. ]R.W T0]"$0eZ10--R7T3 20XTRT, 71 20--X,08888d 7=8**3 $!4 ;8?8 X. $%:"5[&R.RT,B0'XY3!4(I8B8>EI8X.!!!!\8cm/nW02710.1XT-V712X.R'0"%.W0T0]]71`3 .W0 Y0--]RYY^0 .W0 -R,TRVR&XT&07V7.W01 VX&.71- 888"9

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    17/34

    !% 678!"#$#%&'

    .WX.2XU]0R,WX,XRT-.X VRTSRT,7V VXR1+-08d -+0D7T.1X1U .7]WX.!

    .W0SR-.1R&.&7+1. R2ZYR0S3X+-0S70-T7.^0&720.1XT-V712X.R'0^U"

    2X`RT,XTcRT'XY+X^Y0 &7T.1R^+.R7T .7 .W0Z17,10--7V -&R0T&0XTS(&+Y.R'X.R7T7V .W0 X1.-8d23#$)4&"'#3 :4"G8?+ZZ8"S X. #5#8*SS0S#'XY+0 71 +.RYR.U R- T7. .W0 .0-.a X .1XT-V712X.R'0]71` R- 7T0 .WX.$-01'0-XT0]XTSSRVV010T. V+T&.R7T V172 .W071R,RTXY]71`XTS R-5T7.X-+^-.R.+.0V71R.8%

    /W0-0&7TSVX&.71&7T-RS01-]W0.W01.W0&7ZU1R,W.0S]71` R-9c7V.W0&10X.R'071RT-.1+&.R'0.UZ0.WX..W0&7ZU1R,W.YX]-'XY+0XTS:-00`.7V7-.018dB0'XY3!4(I8B8>EI8X.!!!%f'883*'%I%*'%>3:G8!4

    DX-8X.(#9 [cmPn02+-.7V.0T 8 8 8 Y77` .7 .W0TX.+10XTS7^b0&.-7V!!.W0 -0Y0&.R7T- 2XS0 8 8 8 8d\8 G71 0eX2ZY03 .W0 YX] 7V VXR1 +-0!"c10&7,TRh0-X,10X.01T00S.7SR--02RTX.0VX&.+XY]71`-.WXT]71`-!(7VVR&.R7T71VXT.X-U8d23&78&WR%A3#%!;8?8X.$5(8!#

    /W0 .WR1S VX&.71 X-`- ]W0.W01 .W0 -0&7TSX1U +-0 02ZY7U-!$2710 7V .W0 &7ZU1R,W.0S]71` .WXT R-T0&0--X1U3 XTS]W0.W01 .W0!5&7ZURT,]X- 0e&0--R'0 RT 10YX.R7T .7 XTU 'XYRS Z+1Z7-0- X--01.0S!%+TS01 .W0VR1-. VX&.7187=8**3$!4;8?8X.$959%8AT]0R,WRT,.WR-!9

    VX&.713]0X--0-- .W0i+XT.R.UXTS'XY+07V .W02X.01RXY-+-0SXTS!: ]W0.W01 .W0 X27+T. &7ZR0S R- 10X-7TX^Y0 RT 10YX.R7T .7 .W0"4Z+1Z71.0Sb+-.RVR&X.R7T-V71.W0+-0+TS01.W0VR1-.VX&.718B0'XY3!4("!I8B8>EI8X.!!"(8""

    GRTXYYU3.W0V7+1.WVX&.7110i+R10-+-.7X--0--.W0R2ZX&.7V.W0"(+-07T .W0 .1XSR.R7TXY2X1`0. V71 .W0&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`8/WR- R- .W0"#c-RT,Y027-.R2Z71.XT.0Y020T.7VVXR1+-08d23&78&WR%A3#%!;8?8"$X.$558/7S0V0X.X&YXR27VVXR1+-03.W0&7ZU1R,W.W7YS012+-.Z7RT."5

    .72X1`0.WX12 .WX. 10-+Y.-^0&X+-0 .W0 -0&7TSX1U+-0 -01'0-X-X"% -+^-.R.+.0 V71 .W0 71R,RTXY ]71`8 D88 7=8**3 $!4 ;8?8 X. $:!"9[c&7,TRhX^Y02X1`0.WX12d R- YR2R.0S .7c2X1`0.-+^-.R.+.R7Td\f '88":3*'%NX-JG

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    18/34

    !9 678!"#$#%&'

    !+!

    *-

    SR-&+--0S

    X^7'03

    .W0

    BR^1X1R0-

    Z012R.

    .W100

    +-0-

    7V

    .W0

    "

    SR,R.XY&7ZR0-S0Z7-R.0SRT.W0EI8 X. !!!!3 71"9

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    19/34

    !: 678!"#$#%&'

    2010YU10&X-.cXT71R,RTXY]71` RT.7XT0]27S07VZ10-0T.X.R7T3d!', BB

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    20/34

    "4 678!"#$#%&'

    22+!

    /W0

    -0&7TS

    VXR1

    +-0

    VX&.71p.W0

    TX.+10

    7V

    .W0

    &7ZU1R,W.0S

    "

    ]71`pR- T7. SR-Z7-R.R'08 /W010H"/$38**,94(G8"S!"$(3!"5(["SDR18!5!:95\8cm/nW00e.0T.7VZ012R--R^Y0&7ZURT,'X1R0-]R.W.W0Z+1Z7-0!%

    XTS

    &WX1X&.01

    7V

    .W0

    +-08d

    7=8**3

    $!4

    ;8?8

    X.

    $95

    9%8

    /W0

    &1+e

    7V

    !9

    .W0 RTi+R1U R-]W0.W01cT72710]X- .X`0T .WXTT0&0--X1U8d -+0X.!:$9:8 G71 -720 Z+1Z7-0-3 R. 2XU^0 T0&0--X1U .7 &7ZU .W0 0T.R10"4&7ZU1R,W.0S ]71`3 RT ]WR&W &X-0 GX&.71 /W100 S70- T7. ]0R,W"!X,XRT-.XVRTSRT,7VVXR1+-08D88H)**(&3$3>!&/$)18'3##9G8(SX.5!(""[0T.R10 R2X,0 &7ZR0S\f!&&)=3D%6#3 ((5G8(S X. 9"! [cAV*11R^X 7TYU"(&7ZR0SZX1.7V .W0 R2X,03 R.]7+YS^02710SRVVR&+Y. .7 RS0T.RVU R.3"#.W010^U10S+&RT,.W0+-0V+YT0--7V.W0'R-+XY-0X1&W0T,RT08d\8"$

    AT

    71S01

    .7

    0TX^Y0

    .W0

    V+YY

    .0e.

    -0X1&W

    V+T&.R7T3

    .W0

    BR^1X1R0-3"5

    X- ]0 WX'0 -00T3 &10X.0S SR,R.XY &7ZR0- 7V XYY .W0^77`- RT .W0R1"%

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    21/34

    "! 678!"#$#%&'

    &7YY0&.R7T-8$ K0&X+-0 R.]X- 10X-7TX^YU T0&0--X1U V71 .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    22/34

    "" 678!"#$#%&'

    P0WX'0T710X-7T.7.WRT`.WX..W0-0&7ZR0-X100e&0--R'071!+T10X-7TX^Y0 RT10YX.R7T .7 .W0Z+1Z7-0- RS0T.RVR0S^U .W0BR^1X1R0-"

    XTSZ012R..0S^U .W0 YX] 7V &7ZU1R,W.8 AT -+23 0'0T'R0]RT, .W0(0'RS0T&0 RT .W0 YR,W. 27-. VX'71X^Y0 .7 .W0 *+.W71-3 .W0 10&71S#S027T-.1X.0-.WX..W0-0&7ZR0-X1010X-7TX^YUT0&0--X1U.7VX&RYR.X.0$.W0-01'R&0-

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    23/34

    "( 678!"#$#%&'

    S7 T7. -01'0 X- -+^-.R.+.0- V71 .W0 71R,RTXY]71`8 D88 H)** (&3$3>!!&/$)18'3##9G8(SX.5!#8"

    /7RYY+-.1X.0]WU.WR-R--73&7T-RS01W7]&7ZU1R,W.YX].10X.-(^77`10'R0]-8K77`10'R0]-7V.0T&7T.XRTi+7.X.R7T-7V&7ZU1R,W.0S#2X.01RXY .7 RYY+-.1X.0 .W0 10'R0]01Q- Z7RT.- XTS -+^-.XT.RX.0 WR-$&1R.R&R-2-f .WR- R- X ZX1XSR,2X.R& VXR1 +-08 *TS X T0,X.R'0^77`510'R0] &XT &X+-0 X S0,100 7V 0&7T72R& RTb+1U .7 .W0 X+.W71^U%SR--+XSRT,10XS01-V172Z+1&WX-RT,&7ZR0-7VW01^77`30'0T]W0T9.W0 10'R0] S70- T7. -01'0 X- X -+^-.R.+.0 V71 .W0 71R,RTXY8 K+.3:7^'R7+-YU3RT.WX.&X-03.W0X+.W71WX-T7&X+-0V71&72ZYXRT.+TS01!4

    GX&.71G7+1a/W07TYU2X1`0.WX12-.WX.&7+T.X10.W07T0-.WX.X10!!&X+-0S^0&X+-0 .W0 -0&7TSX1U +-0 -01'0- X- X -+^-.R.+.0 V71 .W0!"71R,RTXY3 T7. ]W0T .W0 -0&7TSX1U +-0 R- .1XT-V712X.R'0 [X- RT!(i+7.X.R7T- RT X ^77` 10'R0]\8 D88 7=8**3 $!4 ;8?8 X. $:!:"!#[cmPnW0T X Y0.WXY ZX17SU3 YR`0 X -&X.WRT, .W0X.01 10'R0]3 `RYY-!$S02XTS V71 .W0 71R,RTXY3 R. S70- T7. Z17S+&0 X WX12 &7,TRhX^Y0!5+TS01.W0D7ZU1R,W.*&.8d\8!%

    /W0 *+.W71- X--01. .]7 10X-7T- ]WU .W0 V+YY.0e.-0X1&W!9

    V+T&.R7T WX12- .W0R1 .1XSR.R7TXY2X1`0.-8 /W0 VR1-. R- X cY7-. -XY0d!: .W071U]WR&W Z7-R.- .WX. X2X1`0. V71 YR&0T-RT,^77`- V71 SR,R.XY"4-0X1&W &7+YSZ7--R^YUS0'0Y7Z RT .W0 V+.+103XTS .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    24/34

    "# 678!"#$#%&'

    BR^1X1R0-2R,W.^0]RYYRT,.7Z+1&WX-0YR&0T-0-RT71S01.70T,X,0RT!.WR- .1XT-V712X.R'0 +-0 [RV .W0 +-0 ]010 S0020S +TVXR1\8 B7-."

    YR&0T-RT, 10'0T+0 &7+T.- +TS01 GX&.71 G7+1 7TYU ]W0T .W0 +-0(-01'0- X- X -+^-.R.+.0 V71 .W0 71R,RTXY XTS .W0 V+YY.0e.-0X1&W +-0#S70-T7.8$

    60e.3 .W0*+.W71- X--01. .WX. .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    25/34

    "$ 678!"#$#%&'

    &0T.01 -.XVV S7 T7. WX'0 T0.]71` X&&0-- .7 .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    26/34

    "5 678!"#$#%&'

    10&71S7T]WR&W.7&7T&Y+S0.WX.X-0&+1R.U^10X&WR-YR`0YU.77&&+13!2+&WY0--7T0.WX.]7+YS10-+Y.RT.W0Z+^YR&10Y0X-07V.W0-Z0&RVR&"

    &7ZU1R,W.0S]71`-^0Y7T,RT,.7XTU7V.W0ZYXRT.RVV-RT.WR-&X-081-.@32

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    27/34

    "% 678!"#$#%&'

    2+!

    AT

    XZZYURT,

    .W0

    GX&.71

    =T0

    XTXYU-R-3

    .W0

    SR-.1R&.

    &7+1.

    "

    &7T&Y+S0S .WX. cm.nW0 +-0 7V SR,R.XY &7ZR0- .7 VX&RYR.X.0 X&&0-- V71(Z1RT.SR-X^Y0SZ01-7T- R- mXn .1XT-V712X.R'0d+-0823#$)4&"'#3:4"G8#?+ZZ8 "S X. #5!8 /WR- R- X2R-XZZ10W0T-R7Tf Z17'RSRT, 0eZXTS0S$X&&0--.7.W0Z1RT.SR-X^Y0SR-T7.c.1XT-V712X.R'08d5

    *-SR-&+--0SX^7'03X.1XT-V712X.R'0+-0XSS--720.WRT,T0]%.7 .W0 &7ZU1R,W.0S ]71` XTS S70- T7. 2010YU -+Z01-0S0 .W09Z+1Z7-0-7V .W071R,RTXY&10X.R7T8D887=8**3$!4;8?8X.$%:8/W0:*+.W71- -.X.0 .WX. .W0U c]1R.0^77`- .7^0 10XS [71 YR-.0T0S .7\8d!4*ZZ0YYXT.-Q K18 (#($8 KU2X`RT, &7ZU1R,W.0S]71`- X'XRYX^Y0 RT!!V712X.- X&&0--R^Y0 .7 .W0 SR-X^Y0S3 .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    28/34

    "9 678!"#$#%&'

    /WR- 7^-01'X.R7T S70- T7. 0TS .W0 XTXYU-R-8 cPWRY0 X!.1XT-V712X.R'0 +-0 ,0T01XYYU R-2710 YR`0YU .7 i+XYRVU X- VXR1 +-03"

    o.1XT-V712X.R'0+-0 R-T7.X^-7Y+.0YUT0&0--X1U V71X VRTSRT,7V VXR1(+-08QdDA3#/$(&70G;>#0D8&1'0B#+010H*%%>=8&;B0503 G8(S33#"4!#PB""!:!5"3X.u%["SDR18"4!#\[i+7.RT,7=8**3$!4;8?8X.$$%:\8P0&7T&Y+S0.WX.Z17'RSRT,X&&0--.7.W0Z1RT.SR-X^Y0SR--.RYY5X 'XYRS Z+1Z7-0 +TS01 GX&.71 =T0 0'0T .W7+,W R. R- T7.%.1XT-V712X.R'08P010X&W.WX.&7T&Y+-R7TV71-0'01XY10X-7T-89

    GR1-.3 .W0 ?+Z1020 D7+1. WX- XY10XSU -XRS -78 *- N+-.R&0:?.0'0T-]17.0V71.W0D7+1.acHX`RT,X&7ZU7VX&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`!4

    V71 .W0&7T'0TR0T&07VX^YRTSZ01-7T R-0eZ10--YU RS0T.RVR0S^U .W0!!0Z71. X- XT 0eX2ZY0 7V VXR1 +-03 ]R.W T7!"-+,,0-.R7T .WX. XTU.WRT,2710 .WXT X Z+1Z7-0 .7 0T.01.XRT 71 .7!(RTV712T00S27.R'X.0 .W0 &7ZURT,8dD%.C03 #5#;8?8X.!##$$T8#48!$

    =+1 &7T&Y+-R7T R- 10RTV71&0S ^U .W0 Y0,R-YX.R'0 WR-.71U 7T!5]WR&W W0 10YR0S8 /W00Z71. .WX. X&&72ZXTR0S!%&7SRVR&X.R7T 7V .W0 VXR1 +-0 S7&.1RT0 RT .W0D7ZU1R,W.*&. 7V !:%5!9

    0eZ10--YU-.X.0S .WX.2X`RT,&7ZR0-X&&0--R^Y0cV71 .W0+-07V^YRTS!: Z01-7T-dZ7-0SXc-Z0&RXYRT-.XT&0RYY+-.1X.RT,.W0XZZYR&X.R7T7V.W0"4VXR1+-0S7&.1RT08888d8>EO86=8:#!#%53X.%([!:%5\3&87&).#8+)."!!:%5;8?8D8D8*868 $5$:3 $5958 /W0 D722R..00 T7.0S .WX. c-Z0&RXY""m^YRTSX&&0--R^Y0V712X.-n888X10T7.+-+XYYU2XS0^U.W0Z+^YR-W01-"(V71&72201&RXYSR-.1R^+.R7T8d-+0ATYR,W.7VR.-+TS01-.XTSRT,7V.W0"#2X1`0. [71 YX&` .W0107V\ V71 ^77`- X&&0--R^Y0 .7 .W0 ^YRTS3 .W0"$D722R..00 0eZYXRT0S .WX. c.W0 2X`RT, 7V X -RT,Y0 &7ZU 71"5ZW7T710&71S^UXT RTSR'RS+XYX-X V100-01'R&0 V71X^YRTSZ01-7T-"%

    m')/n]7+YSZ17Z01YU^0&7T-RS010SXVXR1+-0+TS01-0&.R7T!4%8d-+0"9P0^0YR0'0.WR-,+RSXT&0-+ZZ71.-XVRTSRT,7VVXR1+-0RT.W0+TRi+0":&R1&+2-.XT&0-Z10-0T.0S^UZ1RT.SR-X^Y0S10XS01-8(4

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    29/34

    ": 678!"#$#%&'

    ?RT&0 .W0 ZX--X,0 7V .W0 !:%5 D7ZU1R,W.*&.3 D7T,10-- WX-!10XVVR120S R.- &722R.20T. .7 X20YR71X.RT, .W0WX1S-WRZ- VX&0S^U"

    .W0^YRTSXTS.W0Z1RT.SR-X^Y0S8AT.W0*201R&XT-]R.WCR-X^RYR.R0-(*&.3D7T,10--S0&YX10S .WX. 7+1 c6X.R7TQ-Z17Z01 ,7XY- 10,X1SRT,#RTSR'RS+XY-]R.WSR-X^RYR.R0- X10 .7 X--+10 0i+XYR.U 7V 7ZZ71.+TR.U3$V+YYZX1.R&RZX.R7T3RTS0Z0TS0T.YR'RT,3XTS0&7T72R&-0YV-+VVR&R0T&U5V71 -+&W RTSR'RS+XY-8d #" ;8?8D8 k !"!4![%\8 ?R2RYX1YU3 .W0 DWXV00%*20TS20T. RYY+-.1X.0-D7T,10--Q- RT.0T. .WX. &7ZU1R,W. YX]2X`09XZZ17Z1RX.0X&&7227SX.R7T-V71.W0^YRTSXTSZ1RT.SR-X^Y0S8D88!%:;8?8D8k!"!8!4

    22+

    !!

    /W17+,W .W0 0,X1SRT,GX&.71/W1003X-Z10'R7+-YUT7.0S3.W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    30/34

    (4 678!"#$#%&'

    2710 +-0V+Y20.W7S^U]WR&W2XTU SR-X^Y0S ZX.17T-3 0-Z0&RXYYU!-.+S0T.-XTS-&W7YX1-3&XT7^.XRTX&&0--.7.W0-0]71`-8/W0-0R2X,0"

    VRY0-&7T.XRTRTV712X.R7T3-+&WX-ZR&.+10-3&WX1.-3SRX,1X2-3XTS.W0(YXU7+.7V .W0 .0e.7T .W0Z1RT.0SZX,0 .WX. &XTT7.^0 &7T'01.0S .7#.0e. 71 -Z00&W8 67T0 7V .WR- R- &XZ.+10S^U .W0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    31/34

    (! 678!"#$#%&'

    D722R..00 >0Z71. 7^-01'0S .WX. Z+^YR-W01- SRS T7. c+-+XYYU!2Xm`0nd .W0R1^77`- X'XRYX^Y0 RT -Z0&RXYRh0S V712X.- V71 .W0^YRTS8"

    8 >EO8 6=8 :#!#%53 X. %(3 !:%5 ;8?8D8D8*868 X. $5958 /WX.(7^-01'X.R7T102XRT-.1+0.7SXU8#

    P0R,WRT, .W0 VX&.71- .7,0.W013]0&7T&Y+S0 .WX. .W0S7&.1RT0$7V VXR1 +-0 XYY7]- .W0 BR^1X1R0- .7 Z17'RS0 V+YY SR,R.XY X&&0-- .75&7ZU1R,W.0S]71`-.7.W0R1Z1RT.SR-X^Y0SZX.17T-8%%

    [email protected]>

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    32/34

    (" 678!"#$#%&'

    .W0R1^0WXYV8d!HPM.3 #4" G8(S (#"3 (#% ["S DR18 "44$\ [i+7.RT,"5!==%##B3='010(3&+.8&3(9%;8?8!(53!#:[!:5%\\8"%

    /W0 VR.T0-- XTXYU-R- R- &7T&01T0S ]R.W ]W0.W01 .W0 R--+0-"9-7+,W. .7 ^0 XSb+SR&X.0S X10 &7T.RT,0T. 7T +T`T7]X^Y0 V+.+10":

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    33/34

    (( 678!"#$#%&'

    0'0T.-8N0O0

  • 8/12/2019 2nd Circuit on Hathi - Authors Guild

    34/34

    (# 678!"#$#%&'

    10RT-.R.+.RT,.W0=POXTS.W0T3RV7]T01-7V.W0YR-.0S]71`-&720!V71]X1S3-+-Z0TSRT,R.X,XRT8d*ZZ0YYXT.-QK18!58"

    P0SR-X,1008*- RTSR&X.0SX^7'03 R. R- VX1 V172&Y0X1 .WX. .W0(;TR'01-R.U7VHR&WR,XT71