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GIMP THE ARTIST’S GUIDE T creative techniques for photographers, artists, and designers | O michael j. hammel COVERS GIMP 2.8 2ND EDITION

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Page 1: 2ND EDITION - No Starch Press · 2017. 11. 2. · previews of swatches, 4–5 Color Balance tool, 115 colored brushes, 14–15 colored layers, 121 colored lighting cool lighting,

GIMPTHE ARTIST’S GUIDE Tc r e a t i v e t e c h n i q u e s f o r p h o t o g r a p h e r s , a r t i s t s , a n d d e s i g n e r s |

Om i c h a e l j . h a m m e l

COVERS GIMP 2.8

2 N D E D I T I O N

GIMP fo r Photography, Spec ia l E f fec t s , and Des ign

about the author Michael J. Hammel has been involved with GIMP since version 0.54 and was a contributor to the early development of the program. Hammel wrote a column on GIMP for Linux Format for three years and is the author of The Artists’ Guide to the GIMP and Essential GIMP for Web Professionals. He is an embedded software engineer living in Colorado Springs.

Web design techniques to create navigation tabs, icons, fancy buttons, backgrounds, and borders

Type effects to create depth, perspective shadows, metallic and distressed text, and neon and graffi ti lettering

Advertising effects to produce movie posters and package designs; simulate clouds, cracks, cloth, and underwater effects; and create specialized lighting

Whether you’re new to GIMP or you’ve been playing with this powerful software for years, you’ll be inspired by the original art, creative photo manipulations, and numerous tips for designers.

As a full-featured, free alternative to Adobe Photoshop, GIMP is one of the world’s most popular open source projects. The latest version of GIMP brings long-awaited improvements and power-ful new tools to make graphic design and photo manipulation even easier—but it’s still a notoriously challenging program.

The Artist’s Guide to GIMP teaches you how to use GIMP without a tedious list of menu paths and options. Instead, as you follow along with Michael J. Hammel’s step-by-step instructions, you’ll learn to produce professional-looking advertisements, apply impressive photographic effects, and design cool logos and text effects. These extensively illustrated tutorials are perfect for hands-on learning or as templates for your own artistic experiments.

After a crash course in GIMP’s core tools like brushes, patterns, selections, layers, modes, and masks, you’ll learn:

Photographic techniques to clean up blemishes and dust, create sepia-toned antique images, swap colors, produce motion blurs, alter depth of fi eld, simulate a tilt-shift, and fi x rips in an old photo

PRICE: $39.95 ($42.95 CDN) Shelve In:

Computers/Graphics & DesignTH E F I N EST I N G E E K E NTE RTA I N M E NT™www.nostarch.com

F U L L C O L O R T H R O U G H O U T

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Page 2: 2ND EDITION - No Starch Press · 2017. 11. 2. · previews of swatches, 4–5 Color Balance tool, 115 colored brushes, 14–15 colored layers, 121 colored lighting cool lighting,

i n D e x

Numbers3-D package designs

cleaning up edges, 166creating patches, 162creating side of box, 164front of box

adding text to, 163overview, 160–162

merging front and side panels, 164–166

overview, 160, 166

Aactive image preview window, 5Add Alpha Channel option,

14, 66Addition mode, 20Add Layer Mask option, 23, 65advertising. See also effects

3-D package designscleaning up edges, 166creating patches, 162creating side of box, 164front of box, 160–162, 163merging front and side

panels, 164–166overview, 160, 166

color, contrast, and grayscale, 153–154

creative text designfonts, 156mask layer, 158–159overview, 155

selecting stock images, 156

text layer, 157–158vignette, 156–157

iPodsdrawing earphones, 215overview, 212–214placing in pocket, 215shadows, 216

print vs. web, 151–152stock images, 152–153tips for, 217

Airbrush toolcreating boxes using, 162overview, 4, 13softening images with, 211using in photo restoration,

99–101alignment of text, 161, 255Align tool

creating tabs with, 133overview, 3using with text, 158, 222

Allow resizing checkbox, 124, 177

alpha blending technique, 26alpha channel, 14, 25, 66, 281Alpha to Selection option, 67Anchor Layer option, 124, 281anchors, 38Angle value, 16antiquing images

increasing middle grays, 79–80

overview, 78–79sepia tones, 80–81

application icon project, 143–148

Apply Layer Mask option, 145, 260

Arbitrary Rotation option, 192, 276

Aspect Ratio option, 125Autolevel option, 115

Bbackground color box, 169Background layer, 13backgrounds

adding sun to, 274–275cropping graphics of,

134–135isolating subject from,

259–260removing, 176replacing, 177restoration of, 103–104in web design, 149

bannersadding foreground

graphics, 135–136colorizing, 136cropping background

graphics, 134–135enhancing glow, 135exporting and saving, 137opening windows, 136–137overview, 134

Basic Dynamics option, 12, 110, 215

Behind mode, 20Bitstream website, 255blending action, 262–263blending layers, 74Blend mode, 11Blend tool

adding gradient fills with, 144

adding highlights with, 147creating steam effect

with, 65enhancing glow with, 135miniaturizing scenes

with, 113overview, 3

Blobs layer, 229blurring to miniaturize

scenes, 114Blur/Sharpen tool, 4borders

adding in reflective glass effect, 167–168

in logos, 140–141metallic, 179–180

Bottle Shape layer, 186bounding boxes, 54, 256Brightness-Contrast dialog, 47,

73, 97brushed metal text effect,

222–225

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288 Index

brushesordinary and colored,

14–15overview, 14parametric, 15–16previews of, 5settings, 11–12

Bucket Fill tooladding borders with, 141adding glow with, 110blending with, 53colorizing with, 136creating backgrounds

with, 247overview, 3using with sepia tones, 81

built-in effects, 246Bump Map filter, 46, 53,

97, 131Burn mode, 20buttons, creating

geladding text to, 124colored layers, 121lower highlights,

122–123overview, 120upper highlights,

122–124metal

adding color to, 127–128adding reflections to,

126–127overview, 125–126

CCage Transform tool, 3Calligraphic brush, 110cameras, digital. See digital

cameras

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)overview, 117using for design, 149

Change Foreground Color dialog, 169, 181

Channel Mixer feature, 78–79Channel to Selection button,

122, 131, 241checkered pattern, 144–145clipart in logos, 140–141Clone tool, 4, 48, 270cloning, defined, 4cloth pattern, 47–48clouds

combining filters, 64Difference Clouds filter, 64Fog filter, 64overview, 62Plasma filter, 62–63Solid Noise filter, 63–64steam effect, 64–65tips for, 66

CMYK color mode, 24color

adding to buttons, 127–128adding to tabs, 131in advertising, 153–154choosing in web design, 150coloring stars, 271colorizing banners, 136measured in degrees

Kelvin, 115previews of swatches, 4–5

Color Balance tool, 115colored brushes, 14–15colored layers, 121colored lighting

cool lighting, 209highlights, 210overview, 208

softening images, 211warm lighting, 210

color enhancement, 60Color Erase mode, 20Colorize tool, 23Color mode, 21color modes, 24–26Color Picker tool, 3, 103, 110Colors menu, 7color spaces, 24color swaps

changing Quick Mask color, 84–85

choosing destination colors, 83

creating complex selections, 84

duplicate layers, 86isolating objects, 82–83overview, 82painting selections, 85–86

Compensate for darkening checkbox, 226, 232

complex selections, 84compositing, defined, 19concrete texture pattern,

46–47Configure Color and Opacity

option, 84Configure Grid option, 41,

185, 197–198contrast

adding, 115adding in web design, 149in advertising, 153–154

control points, 32, 38cool lighting, 209copyfitting manually, 256Correlated noise checkbox, 224cracks

overview, 66

ripping image edges, 66–67tips for, 67

Creamsicle Love project, 273–279

Create Star button, 43cropping background

graphics, 134–135Crop tool, 3Crown Molding gradient,

51, 180crown of flames, 264–265CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

overview, 117using for design, 149

css Zen Garden website, 118Cube City effect

adding color to, 200adding highlights to,

200–201creating face of buildings,

197–198making face cube, 199multiplying buildings,

199–200overview, 197

Curve Bend filter, 142Curves tool, 101–102, 153

dialog, 73, 224

DDarken Only mode, 20Dark Pill layer, 122degrees, Kelvin, 115depth, adding to gears

illustration, 195–196depth of field

adding, 90isolating foreground, 88–90overview, 87

Desaturate option, 46, 63

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290 Index

effects, continuedshiny emblems

adding inner borders, 181–182

adding raised lettering, 182–184

creating emblems, 181creating metallic

borders, 179–180overview, 179

soft focusadjusting light and

shadow in high pass layer, 73

blending layers, 74fine tuning, 74high pass filter, 72merging layers, 72–73overview, 71–72

tips for, 115, 217underwater

adding diffused light, 204–205

adding rays of light, 205–206

creating waves, 203–204intensifying light,

206–207overview, 202

wine bottlesadding highlights to,

187–188drawing, 185–187making labels and trim,

188–189overview, 185

Ellipse Select tool, 2, 41, 93emblems, 181Emboss filter, 217, 241, 248embossing in advertising, 217

Emulate brush dynamics checkbox, 110

Enable antialiasing checkbox, 199

Enable Brush Dynamics option, 215

enhancing scanned images, 99–100

Eraser tool, 4, 13EXIF (Exchangeable Image

File) format metadata, 59–60

existing pixels, 20Expand from center option, 28experimenting with effects, 115Export Image as Brush

dialog, 15exporting, 150

banners, 137

Ffacial blemishes, 102–103feathering selections, 33–34Feather option, 175FG to BG option, 125, 202FG to Transparent gradient,

110, 123, 147file formats

overview, 59for web design, 149–150

File menu, 7Fill Whole Selection option, 81Filters menu, 8Fire Girl project, 259–265Fixed option, 28, 125flame coloring, 264–265Flatten Image option, 48, 269Flip tool, 3Flip Vertically option, 195floating selections, 18

Flow value, 13Fog filter, 64fonts

choosing, 156creating maps of, 256finding, 255using, 255

foregroundadding graphics to, 135–136isolating, 88–90

Foreground color icon, 227Foreground RGB setting, 145Foreground Select tool, 3, 30,

32–33Free Select tool, 2, 30–31,

100–101frost text effect

adding snow, 243–244bringing text forward,

241–243creating background and

text, 240–241creating falling snow,

244–245overview, 240

Fuzzy Select tool, 2, 31, 84

GGaussian Blur filter, 72, 76,

79, 90, 92, 94, 97, 106, 107, 110, 111, 114, 122, 127, 130, 131, 142, 143, 170, 171, 172, 181, 182, 183, 187, 195, 198, 201, 203, 207, 211, 223, 224, 225, 226, 229, 232, 233, 248, 249, 250, 270, 275, 277, 284

.gbr extension, 14

gears effectadding depth and texture

to, 195–196connecting disks and rings,

194–195creating outer rings,

193–194gear cogs, 190–192overview, 190

gel buttonsadding text to, 124colored layers, 121lower highlights, 122–123overview, 120stretching upper highlights,

123–124upper highlights, 122–123

gel text effectcreating text, 231lightening text and adding

drop shadows, 234–235

lighting effects, 233–234overview, 231rounding surface of text,

231–233Gfig tool, 43GIF format, 53glass-edged reflection, 250glow

adding, 249–250enhancing, 135

Gradient editor, 51–52Gradient Flare filter, 271–272Gradient Reverse button, 216gradients

adding to tabs, 130in advertising, 217custom, creating, 273–274fills in icons, 144

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Index 291

overview, 49previews of, 5subtle, 150tips for using, 52–53using Gradient editor,

51–52using Shape setting with,

49–51Grain Extract mode, 21, 182Grain Merge mode, 21,

201, 203grayscale in advertising,

153–154Grayscale mode, 14, 154grays, increasing middle,

79–80guides, 8, 28

HHard Light mode, 20, 76–77Heal tool, 4heavy metal text effect,

225–228Help menu, 8highlights

adding, 210of buttons

lower, 122–123upper, 122–124

in icons, 147Lens Flare and Gradient

Flare filters, 271–272reflective, 169–172in tabs, 131in wine bottle effect,

187–188high pass filter, 71–73HSV Noise filter, 157, 266Hue mode, 21

Hue-Saturation dialog, 86Hurl filter, 181, 238, 281

Iicons

adding application IDs to, 148

adding highlights to, 147adding patterns, 145–146checkered pattern, 144–145gradient fills, 144masking bottom of, 146overview, 143–144

identity, defined, 179Image menu, 7images. See also effects;

restorationalignment of, 60colorizing using layer mask,

22–23creamsicle love example,

273–279fire girl example, 259–265mobsterville example,

280–285processing, 60–61ripping edges of, 66–67scanned, enhancing,

99–100scanning for web design, 150star field example, 266–272using layer mode, 22

image windowfeatures of, 7–8menus, 6–8overview, 6

Incremental checkbox, 272Independent RGB

checkbox, 224Indexed mode, 25–26

Inkscape tool, 44Ink tool, 4, 14inner glow, 111Inner Ring layer, 182intensifying light, 206–207International Typeface

Corporation website, 255

Intersections option, 185Invert mask checkbox, 182Invert option, 107, 261iPods

drawing earphones, 215overview, 212–214placing in pocket, 215shadows, 216

irregular shapes, 42–43IWarp filter, 66, 101, 252

Jjaggies, eliminating, 217JPEG format, 53, 59

KKeep Aspect option, 91

Llayer boundaries, 28Layer Boundary option, 203layer mode, 19–20

in advertising, 217using to colorize images, 22

layersblending, 74duplicate, 86editing, 256groups of, 18Layers dialog, 17–19mask, 158–159

merging, 72–73multiple, creating, 261overview, 17paint modes, 19–21text, 157–158tips for using, 23using mask to colorize

images, 22–23Layers dialog, 17–19Layer to Image Size option,

183, 231, 260, 268Lens Flare filter, 271–272letter spacing, 156Levels option, 268Levels tool, 115, 175Lighten Only mode, 20lighting

adjusting in high pass layer, 73

casting light through windows

overview, 105, 108setting up shadow masks,

105–107colored

cool lighting, 209highlights, 210overview, 208softening images, 211warm lighting, 210

diffused light, 204–205intensifying light, 206–207rays of light, 205–206streaks of light

enhancing, 111–112inner glow, 111outer glow, 110–111overview, 109–110

Lighting Effects filter, 233Light Pill layer, 121

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292 Index

linesspacing of, 156straight, drawing, 41

Linotype website, 255liquid metal text effect,

228–230Lock Alpha Channel option,

44, 92, 201, 213logos

borders and clipart, 140–141

centering text, 142creating text, 138–140overview, 138watermarks, 141–142

lossless compression, 59, 149–150

lossy, defined, 149Lower Highlight layer, 122lower highlights, 122–123Luminosity option, 259–260

MMake Seamless filter, 49manually copyfitting, 256Map backwards checkbox, 205Map from top checkbox, 205marching ants, 27mask layer, 158–159masks, creating from

selections, 33–35Measure tool, 3menus, overview, 6–8Merge Down option, 102,

264, 283Merge Visible Layers

option, 276metal buttons

adding color to, 127–128

adding reflections to, 126–127

overview, 125–126metallic borders, 179–180middle grays, increasing,

79–80miniaturizing a scene

blurring, 114overview, 113–114

Mobsterville project, 280–285model release, defined,

152–153modes

Layers dialog, 17–19overview, 11, 17paint, 19–21selections, 29–30tips for using, 23using layer mask to colorize

images, 22–23using layer mode to colorize

images, 22Motion Blur filter, 177,

181, 226Move an Object button, 43Move the Active Layer option,

127, 142Move tool, 3, 18, 65Multiply mode, 11, 20Multi-Window mode, 1–2

Nnative mediums, 118neon signs

adding glass-edged reflection, 250

adding glow, 249–250built-in effects, 246creating backgrounds,

246–247

overview, 246preparing neon tubes,

247–249New Guide option, 8, 120New Layer option, 43, 46new pixels, 20nodes, 32Normal mode, 20

OOffset option, 182–183, 283Oilify filter, 77opacity, defined, 11ordinary brushes, 14–15Orientation tab, 199ornamental elements, 261–262outer glow, 110–111Overlay mode, 11, 20, 115

PPaint Along Path icon, 110Paintbrush tool, 3, 13, 41painting. See drawingpaint modes, 19–21parametric brushes, 15–16patches

creating, 162multiple, 101–102single, 100–101

.pat extension, 45paths, 38–40, 56–57Paths tool, 3, 42, 109patterns

adding to icons, 145–146checkered, 144–145concrete texture, 46–47overview, 45–46previews of, 5simulated cloth, 47–48

tileable, 48–49tips for using, 52–53

Pencil tool, 3, 12, 237Perspective Clone tool, 4Perspective tool, 3, 165, 200photographic effects. See

effectsphoto restoration. See

restorationphotos. See imagesphoto to sketch effect

adding depth, 76–77adding touches, 77converting images to

sketches, 75–76overview, 75

Pick filter, 238, 242–243Plasma filter, 46, 62–63PNG format, 26Polar Coordinates filter, 205popping, defined, 174popping image effect

adding drop shadows, 177adding text, 178enhancing details, 175isolating image, 174–175overview, 174removing backgrounds, 176replacing backgrounds, 177

predefined shapes, drawing, 43–44

Preferences dialogoverview, 8resource folders, 10shortcuts, 9undo levels, 9–10

Prewitt compass algorithm, 261print advertising, 151–152print projects, 255

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Index 293

QQuick Mask feature, 34–35,

84–85Quick Mask to Selection

button, 103

RRadius setting, 15–16rain effect, 281–282raised lettering, 182–184Randomize checkbox, 203Random Seed value, 226rasterized text, 255Rate value, 13RAW formats, 59rays of light, 205–206Rectangle Select tool, 2, 41,

82–83Red Eye Removal tool, 60reflection effect

adding to buttons, 126–127on glass

adding shadows, 93–94adding surface for

reflections, 92–93creating reflections, 92overview, 91placing reflections on

surfaces, 93preparing for, 91–92

on lakeadding ripples, 96–97adding waves, 97–98creating initial

reflections, 96overview, 95–96

reflective highlights, 169–172Remove All Guides option,

120, 145

Replace mode, 176resource folders, 10restoration

backgrounds, 103–104enhancing scanned images,

99–100facial blemishes, 102–103with multiple patches,

101–102overview, 99with single patch, 100–101

Retinex tool, 69Reverse button, 53, 93, 189RGB color mode, 25–26RGB Noise filter, 46–47,

195, 224Ripple filter, 203ripples, adding, 96–97rips

overview, 66ripping image edges, 66–67tips for, 67

Rotate 90° clockwise option, 48, 192

Rotate 90° counter-clockwise option, 164

Rotate 180° option, 191Rotate tool, 3, 44, 187Round brush, 41Rounded Corners option,

120, 129Round Fuzzy brush, 74rulers, 8

SSaturation mode, 21saving banners, 137Scale Image option, 134, 268

Scale tool, 3, 65, 199scanned images

enhancing, 99–100for web design, 150

Scissors tool, 3, 32Screen mode, 20Select by Color tool, 2, 32, 260Selection from Path button,

170, 186Selection Mask copy

channel, 122selections

complex, 84constraints, 28–29creating masks from

feathering, 33–34overview, 33Quick Mask feature,

34–35discarding, 35–36editing, 27–28effects and, 115Foreground Select tool,

32–33Free Select tool, 30–31Fuzzy Select tool, 31modes, 29–30overview, 27painting, 85–86Scissors tool, 32Select by Color tool, 32tips for using, 37tools for, 27working with, 36–37

Select menu, 7Select Transparent Areas

option, 111sepia tones, 80–81, 115shadow masks, 105–107

shadowsadding on glass, 93–94adjusting in high pass

layer, 73shapes

irregular, drawing, 42–43predefined, drawing, 43–44simple, drawing, 41–42

Shape setting, 49–51Sharpen filter, 200sharp scans, 115Shear tool, 3shiny emblem effect

adding inner borders, 181–182

adding raised lettering, 182–184

creating emblems, 181creating metallic borders,

179–180overview, 179

shortcuts, 9Shrink option, 44, 107, 193simulated cloth pattern, 47–48Single-Window mode, 1–2, 6sketch effect

adding depth, 76–77adding touches, 77converting images to

sketches, 75–76overview, 75

Slur filter, 243Smudge tool, 4, 263Snap to Grid feature, 185, 198snow

adding to text, 243–244falling, creating, 244–245

Sobel filter, 76softening images, 211

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294 Index

soft focus effectadjusting light and shadow

in high pass layer, 73blending layers, 74fine tuning, 74high pass filter, 72merging layers, 72–73overview, 71–72

Soft Light mode, 20, 23, 74, 115

Solid Noise filter, 63–64, 203Spacing setting, 12Sparkle filter, 240Sphere Designer filter, 272Spikes value, 16spray paint text

adding text outline, 251–252

converting text to, 252–254creating backgrounds, 251overview, 251

sRGB (standard RGB) color space, 24

Star Field project, 266–272status area, 8steam effect, 64–65stock images

overview, 152–153selecting, 156

straight lines, drawing, 41streaks of light

enhancing, 111–112inner glow, 111outer glow, 110–111overview, 109–110

Stroke Path button, 41, 215Stroke Selection option, 37,

41, 242Stroke with a Paint Tool

option, 41, 110

Style Editor, 54–55subtle gradients, 150Subtract mode, 20, 170surfaces

glassy, 169placing reflections on, 93for reflections, 92–93

Swirl CW mode, 265symbols, 179

Ttabs

adding color and highlights to, 131

adding gradients to, 130adding text to, 132creating, 132–133giving depth to, 130–131overview, 129–130

text. See also type effectsadding to buttons, 124adding to tabs, 132centering in logos, 142creating, 54–55designs for

fonts, 156mask layer, 158–159overview, 155selecting stock

images, 156text layer, 157–158vignette, 156–157

overview, 54paths and, 56–57Text Editor, 56tips for, 57Tool Options dialog, 55–56

Text Editor, 56text frame, 54

text layer, 157–158Text tool, 3, 178textures

adding, 195–196in advertising, 217

3-D package designscleaning up edges, 166creating patches, 162creating side of box, 164front of box

adding text to, 163overview, 160–162

merging front and side panels, 164–166

overview, 160, 166Threshold level, 89TIFF format, 59Tileable Blur filter, 49tileable patterns, 48–49To New Layer option, 102toolbox

active image preview window, 5

brush, pattern, and gradient previews, 5

color swatches and tool previews, 4–5

docking, 6overview, 2–4Tool Options dialog, 4

Tool Options dialog, 4, 55–56, 156

Tools menu, 7Top Reflection layer, 127transparency in web

design, 150Transparency setting, 22Transparent background

checkbox, 199

tutorialsclouds

combining filters, 64Difference Clouds

filter, 64Fog filter, 64overview, 62Plasma filter, 62–63Solid Noise filter, 63–64steam effect, 64–65tips for, 66

overview of basic, 62rips and cracks

overview, 66ripping image edges,

66–67tips for, 67

type effectschrome and metal text,

222–230brushed metal, 222–225heavy metal, 225–228liquid metal, 228–230

distressed text, 236–239frost

adding snow, 243–244bringing text forward,

241–243creating background and

text, 240–241creating falling snow,

244–245overview, 240

gel typecreating text, 231lightening text and

adding drop shadows, 234–235

lighting effects, 233–234overview, 231

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Index 295

rounding surface of text, 231–233

neon signsadding glass-edged

reflection, 250adding glow, 249–250built-in effects, 246creating backgrounds,

246–247overview, 246preparing neon tubes,

247–249overview, 219–221spray paint

adding text outline, 251–252

converting text to spray paint, 252–254

creating backgrounds, 251overview, 251

tips foralignment, 255creating font maps, 256editing layers, 256finding fonts, 255manually copyfitting, 256planning, 256print projects, 255rasterized text, 255using only needed

fonts, 255

Uunderwater effect

adding diffused light, 204–205

adding rays of light, 205–206

creating waves, 203–204

intensifying light, 206–207overview, 202

Undo command, 21undo levels, 9–10units, 149Unsharp Mask filter, 100,

115, 134upper highlights

overview, 122–123stretching, 123–124

US Letter template, 164

VValue mode, 21View menu, 7vignette, 156–157

Wwarm lighting, 210watermarks, in logos, 141–142waves

adding to lake image, 97–98creating, 203–204

Waves filter, 142, 229web advertising, 151–152web design

gel buttonsadding text to, 124colored layers, 121lower highlights,

122–123overview, 120stretching upper

highlights, 123–124upper highlights,

122–123icons

adding application IDs to, 148

adding highlights to, 147adding patterns, 145–146checkered pattern,

144–145gradient fills, 144masking bottom of, 146overview, 143–144

logosborders and clipart,

140–141centering text, 142creating text, 138–140overview, 138watermarks, 141–142

metal buttonsadding color to, 127–128adding reflections to,

126–127overview, 125–126

overviewnative mediums, 118tools for, 118–119

tabsadding color and

highlights to, 131adding gradients to, 130adding text to, 132creating, 132–133giving depth to, 130–131overview, 129–130

tips foradding contrast, 149busy backgrounds, 149choosing colors, 150exporting, 150file formats, 149–150scanning images, 150subtle gradients, 150transparency, 150

units, using correct, 149using CSS for design, 149

website bannersadding foreground

graphics, 135–136colorizing, 136cropping background

graphics, 134–135enhancing glow, 135exporting and saving, 137opening windows,

136–137overview, 134

Whirl and Pinch filter, 66White Backdrop layer, 177White button, 23white layer mask, 203Wind filter, 244, 253windows

casting light throughoverview, 105, 108setting up shadow masks,

105–107Windows menu, 8wine bottle effect

adding highlights to, 187–188

drawing, 185–187making labels with trim,

188–189overview, 185

Zzoom drop-down menu, 8Zoom Out option, 274Zoom tool, 3