2º eso islam
TRANSCRIPT
ISLAM
THE ORIGIN OF ISLAMThe founder of Islam was Muhammad in Arabia in the seventh century
Before Muhammad, there were many polytheistic tribes in Arabia which had a constant fight to control the resources and the trade
Why do you think that Muhammad
can’t be represented?
WHAT IS ISLAM?ISLAM IS A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION ARTICULATED BY THE KORAN, A BOOK CONSIDERED BY ITS FOLLOWERS LIKE THE WORD OF ALLAH (GOD)
THE RELIGION OF ISLAM CREATED A NEW CIVILIZATION WHICH IS FOLLOWED IN MANY COUNTRIES NOWADAYS
THE FOLLOWERS OF THE ISLAM ARE KNOWN AS MUSLIMS
Muhammad was a merchant from Mecca who heard the call of Allah and preached the religion of Islam
However, Muhammad moved to Medina in 622 because the rich merchants of Mecca wanted to arrest him
622 is known as the Hegira and marks the start of the Muslim calendar
In Medina, Muhammad created a big army and he came back to Mecca to conquer that city in 628 and spread his religion throughout Arabia
WHAT IS ISLAM LIKE?The Muslim religion is based on the Koran.
Muslim people have five obligations according to the Koran. They are the FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
2. SALAH
Muslims have to testify and say
that “there is no
other God but Allah and
Muhammad is his prophet”
1. SHAHADAH
Muslim people have to pray five times a day
3. HAJJ
Muslim people have to go to the
city of Mecca at least once
if it is possible
4. SAWN
Muslim people have
to fast during the day time in the month of Ramadan
5. ZAKAH
Muslim people have to
give alms to the poor people
At the beginning, Muslims spread their religion through the holy war or jihad
Nowadays, only extremist groups believe in this idea
However, most of Muslims wants to live in peace with the rest of the people.
Did you know that Benzema or Özil are Muslims?
THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
After Muhammad’s death, in 632, a caliph ruled Islam
A caliph was the political, religious and military leader of Islam
At the beginning, caliphs were descendants of Muhammad and they conquered the entire Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Syria, Persia and Armenia
This time was known as the Orthodox Caliphate. The first four caliphs were:
Abu Bakr(632-634)
Umar(634-644)
Uthman(644-656)
Ali(656-661)
In 661, Ali was killed and the Umayyad dynasty ruled Islam.
They fixed the capital in Damascus and conquered the north of Africa, Afghanistan and most of Iberian Peninsula
In 750, another dynasty took the power. They were the Abbasid family
They were more strict in religion questions than the Umayyad dynasty
The new capital was Baghdad, which is located in Mesopotamia
The unity of Islam was broken because there were many internal fights. Thus, many powers and people wanted to control Islam.
At the end, in the 13th century, the Turks took the power in the Islamic world and conquered the Byzantine Empire.
THE MUSLIM CIVILIZATION
ECONOMY
URBAN CIVILIZATION
Great agriculture International trade Brilliant craftmanship
MUSLIMS CONTRIBUTIONS
Gunpowder Compass
The concept of zero Arabic numbers Improvements in Mathematics
Improvements in Medicine
A brilliant art