2_ultrasonic technology for liquid applications

7/27/2019 2_Ultrasonic Technology for Liquid Applications

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Pico Brand

2nd Malaysia Flow Measurement Workshop 2013Advances in Flow Metering Technology


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2nd Malaysia Flow Measurement Workshop 2013Agenda

1. UFM in comparison with other technologies

2. Product portfolio

3. Unique technology of KROHNE UFM

4. Proving concepts

5. Master meter concept


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3

History CT measurements

1930PD meters

1950Turbinemeters

1990Ultrasonicmeters


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4

Measurement principle is easy to understand

Widely proven and accepted technology

Performance:Accurate

Good repeatability

Appl ications:

For high viscosities

For low flow rates

Short straight upstream or downstream piping required.

Positive Displacement Meters


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5

PD meters divide the flow intodiscrete volumes pockets ofliquids) and then sum total volumeby counting the unit volumes(counting the pockets) passingthrough the meter.

A fixed quantity of liquid goesthrough the meter for eachrevolution of the measuringelement.

Different types:

Rotary piston

Oval gear

Sliding vane

Nutating Disc Bi-rotor



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Displacement

Temperature: Thermal growthWear : Increases displacement

Viscosity : causes a film to cling to surfaces

Deposits : can build up and reduce displacement

Slippage

Flow rate : Internal slippage changes with flow rate

Viscosity : increases more difficult to pas through clearances

Wear : As parts wear, the clearances will change

Factors influencing the accuracy



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Spare parts


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8


Disadvantages

16 PD Ultrasonic

Qmax 2.000 m3/h 4.500 m3/h

Weight 3.500 kg 1.200 kg

Maintenance

Wear due to corrosion, exposure to dirty liquids and abrasion

Accuracy

Dedicated proving facility mandatory due to k-factor shift

Displacement (Temperature, Wear, Viscosity and deposits)

Product slippage (Flow rate, viscosity and wear)

Installation

Pressure drop

Possible blocking of flow line

WeightFlow limitations in relation to the diameter


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Large installed base

Widely proven and accepted technologyas custody transfer standard for hydrocarbons

Supported by API standards

For wide range of applications.

Straight forward and simple technique understand.

Good repeatability.

Good accuracy. (only with use of ball prover)

Rugged meters.

Turbine meters
http://www.emersonprocess.com/daniel/products/liquid/turbine/ptliquidm/Productdetail.htm


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K-factors withMultiple Viscosities

Each turbine meter iscalibrated to establishthe k-factor:Number of pulses per

unit volume

Turbine meters

Meter Operation: K-Factor


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Turbine meters

Multi-viscosity

MVT turbine meter

Design meter 4 inch 12 inch

Condensate Visc. < 0.8 cSt Visc. < 0.8 cSt

Light crude 2 cSt < visc. < 10 cSt 2 cSt < visc. < 10 cSt

Medium crude 10 cSt < visc. < 40 cSt 10 cSt < visc. < 120 cSt

Heavy crude Visc. > 40 cSt Visc. > 120 cSt

Accuracy is specified: 0,15% for a viscosity ratios from1 to 10. For other ratios one needs to consult the factory!

ConclusionMulti-viscosity turbine meters are absolutely not viscosity independent and face significant restrictions.


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The turn down ratio can be calculated by using a formula.Table above shows the turn down ratio reduces dramatically for higher viscosities inorder to obtain the specified accuracy.

MVT turbine meter

Viscosity Turndown: 4 Turndown: 12

5 cSt 1 : 10 1 : 10

10 cSt 4 : 10 1 : 10

50 cSt 5 : 10 2 : 10

100 cSt 5 : 10 3 : 10

Turbine meters

Turndown restrictions


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Promoted accuracy: 0,2 %

limits for their application are set by the viscosities of the liquids.

Table below shows significant influence of viscosities on performance. E.g. shift in performance of 0,2 %over 1:5 flow range for viscosity 0,7 - 20 cSt

Size Turn

down

Viscosity range (cSt)

0,2 0,7 0,7 - 2 2 - 6 6- 10 10 - 20 20 50

2 1:10 0,3 % 0,4 % 0,8 % 1,2 % 1,5 %

2:10 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,4 % 0,8 %

4 1:10 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,4 % 0,6 % 1,2 %

2:10 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,5 %

8 1:10 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,3 % 0,4 %

2:10 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,3 %

12 1:10 0,2 % 0,3 % 0,4 %

2:10 0,2 % 0,2 % 0,3 %

Turbine meters


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Ultrasonic Flowmeters

Measuring principle

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Acoustic signals are transmitted andreceived along measuring path L.

A sound wave going downstream withthe flow, travels faster than a soundwave going upstream against theflow.

The difference in transit time isdirectly proportional to the flowvelocity of the liquid.

Transducer B

Transducer A

Vm

L


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Flow prof iles can inf luence the accuracy

Different ways of determining average flowPath configuration and position is essential to calculate the flow rate


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Measurement principle is new

Widely proven and accepted technology

No obstruction in de meter, no pressure dropNo moving parts, no maintenance

Diagnostics

High turndown up to 50:1

Viscosity independent

Performance:

Accurate

Good repeatability



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Cost of Ownership

What are the costs of buying a flow meter?

How can a meter that sells for a higher price be less expensive?

Cost of ownership All costs from acquisition to engineering, installation, maintenance andfinally disposal

Cost groups:

1.Initial costs- Engineering Acquisition - Installation

2. Operating & Maintenance costs- Pressure drop Maintenance- Accuracy drift - Maintenance & repair- In-situ proving


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Comparison Flow meters

Flow meter

Technology

Engineering

Installationcosts

Maintenance Operation Total

PD meter Low High High High High

Turbine(incl. airseparator &strainer)

High High High High High

Ultrasonic Low Low Low Low Low


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4. Proving concepts



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KROHNE Product portfoliio

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ALTOSONIC V

For multiple

liquids

4 to 24

ALTOSONIC III

For single light

hydrocarbons

2 to 40

OPTISONIC 6300/6400

Clamp-on

Process meter

1/2 to 160

UFM3030

Inline

Process meter

1 to 120


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ALTOSONIC

Application range

| 2011-01-3121 | ALTOSONIC V Introduction

Single fluid

Multi fluid

Cryogenicapplications

High

temperature

Highviscosity

Mastermeter


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22 26 June 2013

Advantages of KROHNE USM

ALTOSONIC III

Benefits:

Unique flow meter factory calibrated for single liquidhydrocarbons.

Large dynamic range

Long term stability (No k-factor shift)

No maintenance required

Simplified meter run (No filter required)

Monitors product and process conditions

Performance: .

Accuracy +/- 0,2 %, Reynolds > 10.000 Repeatability in accordance to API


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Advantages of KROHNE USM

ALTOSONIC V

Benefits:

Still the only flowmeter factory calibrated formultiple products under multiple conditions.


No maintenance required(for flowmeters already installed since 1997)

Monitors product and process conditions

In addition:

First UFM at market for custody transfer of liquids

More than 15 years field experience

The largest installed base worldwide.

Largest number of master meters worldwide

Highest accuracy & repeatability

Continuous in house research & innovation


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4. Proving concepts



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Average flow calculations with multi-path configurations

ALTOSONIC V

Path configuration

ALTOSONIC III

Reynolds dependency

Linearity: < 0.2% for Re > 10,000

ALTOSONIC V

Reynolds independent

Accuracy < 0.15% over full Reynolds range


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Effects due to profile change from turbulent to laminar:

The center beam contributes most to determining the average mean flow velocity.

The outer beams provide significant information on the flow profile distribution beingeither laminar or turbulent.

ALTOSONIC V

Path configuration


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ALTOSONIC V

Average flow depending on flow profile


VD

..

Re

=

Flat flow profileRe > 5.000

Parabolic flow profileRe < 2.000

Diameter 12"/300mm

Viscosity min [cSt] 250

Viscosity max [cSt] 300

Flow min [m3/h] 250

Flow max [m3/h] 500

Re min 9,82E+02

Re max 2,36E+03

Diameter 12"/300mm

Viscosity min [cSt] 1

Viscosity max [cSt] 2

Flow min [m3/h] 250

Flow max [m3/h] 500

Re min 1,47E+05

Re max 5,89E+05


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration facilities


1. KROHNE

2. HyCal

3. Trapil

4. SPSE

1

3

4

2


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KROHNE

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Product Water

Viscosity at 20C(mm2/s)

1

All flow meters can be calibrated at KROHNE

Water tower

Flow range Uncertainty(K=2)

18 to 30.600 m3/h ~0.04 %


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TRAPIL

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10 prover loop 20 prover loop



10 to 600 m3/h ~0.05 % 60 to 2,500 m3/h ~0.05 %

Product Unleaded

gasoline

Jet fuel Home

heating oil

Light crude Heavy crude Fuel Oil

Viscosity at20C (mm2/s)

0.5 to 0.7 1.5 to 2.0 3.5 to 8.0 8.0 to 20.0 20.0 to 50.0 70.0 to 120.0

All flow meters up to 12 are calibrated at TRAPIL


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SPSE

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24 prover loop


200 to 3000 m3/h ~0.15 %

Product Nafta Oural Arabian Fuel

Viscosity at20C (mm2/s)

0.5 to 1,5 10 to 20 30 to 50 70 to 100

All flow meters from 14 are calibrated at SPSE


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration facilities


facility Flow rangem3/hr

Liquid/viscosity(cSt)

Uncertainty(K=2 %)

Proving device

KROHNE Altometer 0.36 - 108 Water / 1 cSt 0.02 % Piston prover KROHNE Altometer 18 30.600 Water / 1 cSt 0.04 % Calibration tower SPSE 200 3000 Naphta / 1 cSt

Oural / 10 cStCond / 50 cStFuel / 300 cSt

0.15 % Uni directional prover

SPSE 300 4000 Naphta / 1 cSt

# 1 / 10 cSt# 2 / 50 cSt# 3 / 300 cSt

>0.15% Master metering

Trapil 10 prover 10 450 Gasoline .6cStJet Fuel 1.8cStGasoil 4.5cStCrude l 20cStCrude h 50cStFuel 200cSt

~0.05 % Uni directional prover

Trapil 20 prover 60 - 2000 Gasoline .6cStJet Fuel 1.8cStGasoil 4.5cStCrude l 20cStCrude h 50cStFuel 200cSt

~0.05 % Uni directional prover

HyCal 10 5000 # 1 / 1 cSt# 2 / 10 cSt# 3 / 100 cSt

0.02 % Bi-directional prover

HyCal 10 - 5000 # 1 / 1 cSt# 2 / 10 cSt# 3 / 100 cSt

0.05 % Master Meters


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration

Reynolds Number Effect

Five Measurement Beams ...

Most information on flow profile

Five individual line velocities, VL1-5 are integratedtogether using weighting factors K1-5;

VAVG = K1*VL1 + . . . + K5*VL5

Highest accuracy over complete Reynolds range

Best performance with non-symmetric and distortedflow profiles

VAVG

VL1-5

VL1

VL2

VL4

VL3

VL5


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration

VAVG = (K1*VL1 + + K5*VL5) * KR1 VAVG = (K1*VL1 + + K5*VL5) * KR2 VAVG = (K1*VL1 + + K5*VL5) * KR3

Only one K-factor (pulses/volume)

Internally in the flowmeter


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration

| 2011-01-3137

Gasoline

JetfueGasoil

Light Crude

Heavy Crude

Fuel oil

Example 8 Flow [m3/h] Viscosity [cSt] Formula Reynolds

Minimum 200 40 4.400

Maximum 1.100 80 48.000V

D.

.Re

=


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ALTOSONIC V

Calibration

AB


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=

ALTOSONIC V

CalibrationNr . A B Re/ 1000 Kr1 #1. 89000 #1. 20170 #5. 000E+1 #1. 0085 Li qui d 12 #1. 88154 #1. 23608 #4. 397E+1 #1. 0103 37, 12 cSt3 #1. 87623 #1. 25442 #3. 373E+1 #1. 01174 #1. 86880 #1. 26340 #2. 814E+1 #1. 01135 #1. 86963 #1. 26954 #2. 251E+1 #1. 00996 #1. 87738 #1. 27446 #1. 697E+1 #1. 00847 #1. 88163 #1. 28102 #1. 316E+1 #1. 00718 #1. 88679 #1. 29230 #9. 575E+0 #1. 00499 #1. 88880 #1. 29350 #8. 345E+0 #1. 0047 Li qui d 210 #1. 89120 #1. 29430 #7. 945E+0 #1. 0045 187, 52 cSt11 #1. 88480 #1. 29900 #6. 830E+0 #1. 003412 #1. 88462 #1. 29987 #6. 771E+0 #1. 0032

13 #1. 87780 #1. 30404 #6. 645E+0 #1. 001614 #1. 87500 #1. 30600 #5. 649E+0 #1. 001415 #1. 87310 #1. 30750 #5. 383E+0 #1. 001216 #1. 87310 #1. 31580 #4. 694E+0 #1. 0000

A = 1,89120

B = 1,29430

40 times per second !


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ALTOSONIC V

The flowmeter for multiple products under various conditionsEvery flowmeter is calibrated on (multiple) hydrocarbons over the whole applicable

Reynolds range .

Due to the unique 5 path configuration an accurate table is established based on flowprofile, Reynolds number.

During operation, the flowmeter compares the measured flowprofile with the table todetermine the appropriate correction factor.

Fuel oil

Condensate Oural CO

Nafta

Water


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ALTOSONIC V

Benefits:

Still the only flowmeter factory calibrated for multipleproducts under various conditions.


No maintenance required Monitors product and process conditions

In addition:

First UFM in the market for custody transfer of liquids

More than 15 years field experience

The largest installed base worldwide.

Largest number of master meters worldwide

Highest accuracy & repeatability

Continuous in house research & innovation

Its everythingI wanted in

set-and

-forget


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4. Proving concepts



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In-situ Proving

A flow meter cannot be moreaccurate than the meter

proving equipment

A proving system should be

traceable through itscalibration certificate to a

national standard

Everybody! Seller wants to know hes not

giving away oil (product)

Buyer wants to know hes notpaying too much

And of course.. The Tax Man!

Who benefits from proving?


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In-situ Proving

Pipe provers

a. Uni-directionalb. Bi-directional

c. Compact

According to

The frequency required for proving varies from several times a day to

twice a year or even longer depending upon the value of the liquid, costbenefit to prove, meter proving history, meter system stability, andvariations of operating systems.


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Insitu-provingUni-directional ball prover

pipe, lined with epoxy resinor baked-on phenolic

coating

An oversized hollow rubber orpolyurethane sphere filled with water

glycol mixture.

Switches gate-in and gate-outpulse signals from the flow meter

under test

Comparison of the displaced volumewith number of counted pulses givesthe meter factor or K-factor


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Pipe proversBi-directional U-shape


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Pipe proversBi-directional straight pipe


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Pipe provers

Conventional skid


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Pipe proversSizing

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Uni-directional provers

The minimum volume between the detectors is based on a measurement timeof 15 seconds of one pass.

Example:

Q = 1800 m3/h

Base volume = 7,5 m3


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Compact provers


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Dynamic In-situ proving

Compact Pipe Provers


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In-situ provingCompact provers



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In-situ provingCompact provers

In the API Ch. 4.3, 3 methods are describedto calibrate a flow meter with a SVP:

1. Performing 5 proving runs of each 1 pass

2. Performing up to 20 proving runs of each1 pass

3. Performing 5 to 20 proving runs of each anumber of passes (as an example 3, 5 or10)

61

Runs RepeatabilityBand % (R)

Uncert.

%

3 0,02 0,027

4 0,03 0,027

5 0,05 0,0276 0,06 0,027

7 0,08 0,027

8 0,09 0,027

9 0,10 0,027

10 0,12 0,027

11 0,13 0,027

12 0,14 0,027

20 0,22 0,027


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In-situ proving

Compact provers

A Small Volume Prover was used owned by NMi:

Make : BROOKS (Daniel)

Type : BCP12-300-SCDADQmax : 394 m

3/hrQmin : 0,394 m

3/hrBase Volume : 60 liters

20 liters


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In-situ proving

Compact prover selection

65 | Presentationtitle | YYYY-MM-DD


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In-situ provingCompact prover.

Duty

Compact prover


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In-situ provingCompact prover.

Duty

Compact prover with turbine meter


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ALTOSONIC VUSA, Plains California

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Appl ication:

Custody transfer

Scope of supply:

3 x ALTOSONIC V 12

Process data:

Different crudes

Proving

Turbine master meter in combination with compactprover


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2. Product portfolio3. Unique technology of KROHNE UFM

4. Proving concepts



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Master meter

Excepted by:


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Master meterNorway, Norsk Hydro Vigdis/Snorre Crossover

Duty & Master meter periodically verified against each other e.g. scaling effects on themaster meter

No permanent prover installation required

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Snorre

Vigdis

Duty meter

Master meter

Gulfaks

Mobileproverconnection

In operation since 1997!


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ALTOSONIC VIvory Cost, MODEC FPSO

Appl ication:

Offloading, Export metering

Scope of supply:

Meter size: 2 x 20 Master / Duty

Process data:

Products: Crude Oil

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In-situ provingMaster meters, Z-configuration

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DUTY

MASTER

PT TT DT

PT TT DT


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In-situ provingMaster meters, traceability

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ALTOSONIC VIraq, Mobile prover

Scope of project

30 measuring skids (master / duty)Master meter on TruckOne bi-di prover

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Metering configurationMaster / duty configuration.

Master

Duty

Fixed installed master meter


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Master

Duty

Mobile master meter


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Master

Duty


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ALTOSONIC V

Master meterAccuracy < 0.07% of measured value for turndown 1:10

v = 1...10 m/s

Repeatability according API Chapter 5.8 Table B1

Uncertainty < 0.027% (95% confidence level) acc. to API

Viscosity range 0.1....150 cSt

Density range 200...1200 kg/m3 / 12.5...75 lb/ft3

Zero stability < 0.2 mm/s

87 | Presentationtitle | YYYY-MM-DD


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Pico Brand

Thank you for your attention!

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