3/06/2015(

1(

Prof Paul McMenamin and the Team at

The Centre for Human Anatomy Education Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology

Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

REPLICATION+OF+HUMAN+ANATOMICAL+DISSECTIONS+BY+3D+PRINTING+AND+ITS+USES+IN+EDUCATION+AND+

RESEARCH(Declara/on(of(COI(

•  Monash(University(has(licenced(‘3D(Anatomy(

Series(1’(3D(prints(to(Erler(Zimmer(

The+Centre+for+Human+Anatomy+EducaCon:((Teach(medical(students((420+(p.a.),(biomedical(

science(400+),(science((00s),(physiotherapy,(radiography,(

……..)(

Background((

•  Costs(of(cadavers(•  Cost(of(establishing(a(plas/na/on(suite((OHS(issues)(•  Wet(specimens(cannot(be(used(in(uncer/fied(labs:((

special(labs(needed(

•  Many(countries(cannot(access(cadavers(for(cultural(and(

religious(reasons(

•  Buying(plas/nated(anatomy(specimens:(very(expensive((

•  Plas/c(models(are(oZen(too(stylised(or(not(realis/c((

3/06/2015(

2(

Alterna/ves(available(un/l(now(

(\(PlasCnates(((

ISSUES:(((

1. ((Costs((2. ((Ethics((3. ((Not(soZ((

GOOD(POINTS(

1.  Actual(anatomy(

2.  Very(high(quality(

3.  Durable(?((Some%claim%they%degrade%with%handling%%

Plas/na/on((•  Subs/tu/on(of(water(by(solvent(and(then(polymer(under(vacuum((von(Hagen)(

•  Why(not(just(buy(them(?(((

•  Cost(per(specimen(!!!!(

HP0503(Upper(extremity(

€9,900.00(=(AU$14,706(

(

HP0202(Half(head((

(€14,900.00(=(AU$22,134(

(

(Issues(that(arise(in(Anatomy(Educa/on(

in(regards(cadaver(based(teaching((

•  We(have(to(purchase(each(cadaver((costs($9600)(

So(what(is(the(other(choice(if(a(

teaching(facility(does(not(have(bodies(

3/06/2015(

3(

PlasCc+Models++ISSUES+1.  Stylised((

2.  Not(realis/c(–(all(the(same(

3.  Simplis/c(\(not(accurate/

detailed(enough(for(some(

classes(

4.  Not(pliable(

Good+points++1.  Not(expensive(

2.  Durable((

Could(3D(prin/ng(be(another(op/on?(

The(Process(

CT(scanning(

3D(modelling(

3D(colouring(

3D(prin/ng(

Digital(segmenta/on(

CT(SCANNING((CT(scanning(prosected(specimens(

((Philips(Brilliance(64(Slice(CT)(

3/06/2015(

4(

CT(scanning(prosected(specimens(

Segmenta/on/Thresholding(Crea/ng(a(digital(model(from(the(CT(images((>1300(fo(this(specimen)(

DICOM(data(\>(

Mimics%Avizo%3D%Slicer%%

Create(3D(Isosurface(–>(

Colour((3D(Coat)(

Colour(3D(Prin/ng(ZPrinter+650+390,000(colours(

Layer(thickness:(0.1mm((100(micron)(

Build(size:(25x38x20cm(

Material:(gypsum/plaster(type(material(

3/06/2015(

5(

Z(Corp(650(((

Colouring(the(3D(model(–(can(be(subtle(or(more(stylised(

Poster(on(Orbits(–(Jus/n(Adams((

3/06/2015(

6(

Colouring(the(3D(model(–(can(be(subtle(or(more(stylised(LASER(SCANNING(

3/06/2015(

7(

Laser(scanning(–(can(image(realis/c(colours((Segmen/ng(different(components(

from(clinical(CT(scans((CT(angio)(

7(of(the(Series(of(50(specimens(

3/06/2015(

8(

McMenamin(et(al(2014(ASE(

(

Adams(et(al(2015,((

Brit(J(Ophthalmol(

Anatomical SciencesEducation

Anatomical SciencesEducation

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2014VOLUME 7 || NUMBER 6

EDITORS: Richard L. Drake and Wojciech Pawlina

AN

ATOM

ICA

L SC

IEN

CE

S E

DU

CATIO

NV

OLU

ME

7 NU

MB

ER

6 2014pages 419-502

MONASH(3D(ANATOMY(

SERIES(

(www.3danatomyseries.com(

‘Erler(Zimmer’((

Licensed(to(distribute(worldwide(RESEARCH((

3/06/2015(

9(

3D Morphometrics

Dr(Jus/n(Adams(

Conclusions++•  We(have(developed(a(series(of(unique(means(of(crea/ng(realis/c(

replicas(of(anatomical(specimens(using(CT,(or(laser(scanning(and(

3D(prin/ng(

•  Could(act(as(a(viable(alterna/ve(or(adjunct(to(exis/ng(resources(

(models,(plas/nates)(for(teaching(

(

•  Will(be(especially(valuable(in(countries(where(cadavers(are(difficult(

to(obtain((Asia,(Africa,(Middle(East(etc)(

•  Valuable(for(sites((eg(hospitals,(clinical(sesngs,(rural(medical(

schools)(that(do(not(have(authority(to(cadaver(material(

•  We(see(no(ethical(issue(is(this(process(provided(cadaver(iden/ty(is(

protected((

•  Can(manipulate,(resize,(false(colour(–(value(adds(to(original(

cadaver(specimen(

A(Unique(Opportunity(to(use(in(the(

developing(world((

•  Liberia((•  Ravaged(by(Ebola(•  Medical(School(shuts(down(as(

there(are(no(staff(to(teach(

•  They(do(get(bodies(but(…..(•  Could(3D(Prints(help(the(medical(students(learn(

anatomy?(

THANK(YOU(The(Team:(

Myself(

Dr(Jus/n(Adams(

Ms(Michelle(Quayle(

Prof(John(Bertram(

(

Funding:(((•  Eric(Glasgow(Memorial(

Fund(

•  Monash\(Warwick(Alliance(

•  Department,(Faculty(of(

Medicine,(Nursing(and(

Health(Science,(Monash(

University(