3 dimensional equity framework forest rights, participation, redd+ benefit sharing, and more
TRANSCRIPT
3-dimensional equity framework: Forest Rights, Participation, REDD+
Benefit Sharing, and more
Phil FranksAndrea Quesada
The Big Picture:Equity is a diverse landscape
Land Tenure Benefit Sharing
Participation
Stakeholders
Access to justice
Social Benefits
Access to information
Respect and protection of rights
How to understand to diverse landscape of equity
3 Dimension Framework
RECOGNITION
PROCEDURE DISTRIBUTION
CONTEXT
RECOGNITION
DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION
• Benefits equally • Benefits according to
contribution to mitigation• Benefits according to rights• Benefits to reflect costs• Benefits according to basic needs
RECOGNITION
DISTRIBUTION
PROCEDURE
• Effective participation• Access to information & capacity building• Access to justice
3 Dimension Framework:Principles
PROCEDURE DISTRIBUTION
RECOGNITION
• Recognition & respect of rights
• Respect for knowledge and institutions
3 Dimension Framework in the real world
Action Research
HOW Identified how the 3 dimensions of equity are reflected in:
• International Policies and Mandates• National Policies and Strategies• Perceptions of diverse stakeholders• Implementation of REDD+ activities
WHERE: Yucatan, Mexico (2014) San Martin & Lima, Peru (2015)
QUESTIONS ASKED:a) What does equity mean and how does it relate to REDD+? b) How is equity addressed in REDD+ processes? c) How can equity be strengthen in REDD+ processes nationally and regionally?
International Policies and MandatesHuman rights law relevant to REDD+: equity principles mainstreamed throughout
CBD: explicitly includes equity as a core principle of the convention and in a number of decisions
e.g. Addis Ababa Principles, Programme of Work on PAs
UNFCCC, although the words equity and equitable are not mentioned in decisions related to REDD+, these have incorporated equity principles since COP 13
e.g. COP 15 recognizes need for full engagement of IPs and LCs in MRV
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International Policies and Mandates
When undertaking REDD+ activities, the following safeguards should be promoted and supported:
(a) Complement or consistent with the objectives of national forest programmes and relevant international conventions and agreements
(b) Transparent and effective national forest governance structures
(c) Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of local communities
(d) Full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders
(e) Consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity
• not used for conversion of natural forests
• protection and conservation of natural forests and their ecosystem services,
• enhance other social and environmental benefits
(f) Address the risks of reversals
(g) Reduce displacement of emissions
Cancun safeguards from an equity perspective
Recognition
Procedure
Distribution
• Address equity in national policies and in their REDD+ related strategies
• Include equity as an overarching principle in national environmental laws and strategies
• Recognise more specific principles such as participation, access to information and capacity building, recognition of land tenure rights and recognition and respect of indigenous peoples’ rights.
National Policies and Strategies in Mexico and Peru
Equity Perceptions in Mexico and Peru
• Definitions of equity are complex and multidimensional
• Perceptions of what is equitable vary depending of the stakeholders and the initiatives.
• Equity as a concept is associated with justice, wellbeing/adequate social conditions and addressing inequalities
• In Peru, equity discussions focused on happiness and in Mexico they focus on achieving an inclusive society with social cohesion and substantive equality
Implementation of REDD+ activities
Equity in Recognition
Recognition of key right-holders and
stakeholders
Equity in ProcedureParticipation in
decision-making on benefit
sharing
Equity in Distribution
Benefits equitably shared
Equitable REDD+ benefit-sharing
REDD+ benefit sharing – what looks equitable may not be
Policy recognises rights-holders but not other forest stakeholders on whom effective REDD+ depends
Policy recognises rights-holders + stakeholders but
there is elite capture in
decision-making
Good governance but social norms
prevent equitable strategies being
implemented
Equitable sharing of benefits but overall benefit
reduced by high transaction costs of participatory
processes
Policy recognises rights-holders + stakeholders but
policy is not implemented
Lessons Learned• REDD+ policies and strategies should recognise all three
dimensions of equity — recognition, procedure benefit/cost distribution — as crucial and interdependent.
• Secure land/forest tenure is always highly desirable but where this is not possible in the foreseeable future equitable outcomes may still be achieved.
• REDD+ initiatives should consider all rights-holders and stakeholders who have a role in ensuring success, including stakeholders without formal tenure rights
• Women’s and youth’s interests and rights should be integral to REDD+, not an add-on or separate agenda
How to address equity
Ten building blocks for equitable REDD+ Recognising stakeholder groups, and their characteristics
Recognising and protecting stakeholders’ rights
Recognising which REDD+ activities have positive or negative social impacts
Ensuring effective participation, access info/CB & involvement decision-making
Sharing information in gender and culturally appropriate communication strategy
Considering principles/criteria to balance rights, contributions, and needs
Proposing actions to include marginalised groups, & ensure benefit control
Designing & implementing community monitoring
Designing and implementing accountability mechanisms
Ensuring people affected by the scheme have access to grievance mechanism
MUCHAS GRACIAS!!!