3. ion exchange

7/23/2019 3. Ion Exchange

1/25

Ion exchangeAli Masduqi


2/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 2

1. Theory o ion exchange

2. !ro"er#ies o ion exchanger

3. A""lica#ions o #he ionexchange "rocess

$. %esign "rocedure o ion

exchanger

Contents


3/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 3

1Theory of ion exchange

%eini#ion:

A "rocess &here insolu'le su's#ance

re(o)es ion o "osi#i)e or nega#i)e charge

ro( elec#roly#ic solu#ion and releases o#her

ion o li*e charge in#o solu#ion in a

che(ically equi)alen# a(oun#.


4/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange $

1Theory of ion exchange (cont.)

The general reac#ion or #he exchange o ion A and +:

nR-A+ + Bn+Rn-Bn+ + nA+

The equili'riu( cons#an# or a'o)e reac#ion:

,+A is a cons#an# &hich is reerred #o as a selectivity

coefficient. -elec#i)i#y coeicien# is rela#i)e aini#ies

o ions.

s

nn

n

sR

n

n

)B()AR(

)A()BR(

R

++

++

=+

+

n+

A,


5/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 5


The aini#y o an ion or resin can generalied 'y #heollo&ing rules: Ions o high )alence are "reerred o)er ions o lo&

)alence

or ions o #he sa(e )alence #he ex#en# o #he exchange

reac#ion increases &i#h decreasing hydra#ed radius and

increasing a#o(ic nu('er

%iusion An i("or#an# "rocess in #he ionexchange


6/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 6


The ra#e o il( diusion can 'e increased 'y: Increasing agi#a#ion

Increasing #he concen#ra#ion o exchanging ions in #he

solu#ion

Increasing #he #o#al surace area o #he resin

Increasing #he #e("era#ure

or general exchange reac#ion: A + + A #he o)erallra#e o #he exchange

So

Rr

]B[rD3

]RB[D


7/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 4

2Properties of ion exchanger

Ty"es o ion exchanger: a#ion exchanger resin

1. -#rongacid exchange resin

2. 7ea*acid exchange resin

Anion exchanger resin

1. -#rong'ase exchange resin

2. 7ea*'ase exchange resin


8/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 8

2.1.1 Cation exchanger resin

Strong-acid exchange resin

These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h a s#rong acid such as 92-$or

9l

Weak-acid exchange resin

These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h any acid s#ronger #han #he

unc#ional grou"

++++ Na:SORHClNaClH:SOR 33

++

++ H:SOR2SONaSOHNa:SOR2 342423

323 COHNa:OO

CRNaHCOH:OO

CR ++ ++

NaClH:OO

CRHClNa:OO

CR ++ ++


9/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange ;

2.1.2 Anion exchanger resin

Strong-base exchange resin

These resins can 'e regenera#ed &i#h


10/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 10

2Properties of ion exchanger(contd)

harac#eris#ics o ion exchanger:

1. Ion exchange ca"aci#y

2. Mois#urere#en#ion ca"aci#y =(ois#ure

con#en#>

3. %ensi#y


11/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 11


12/25

10/1/15 02:03:56 AM Ion Exchange 12


13/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 13

2.2Ion exchange capacity

?sually ex"ressed as total capacityoroperating capacity

@i(i#ing o"era#ing ca"aci#y =@>

+++

++

+

=

BBB

AB

B

X1X'K

X1X

=

= n

1iii

r

o

r

opo)VY(

V

C

V

VCX

+= BX*XLOC


14/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 1$

3Applications of the ion exchange

process 7a#er so#ening

%e(ineralia#ion

hro(iu( re(o)al re(o)al


15/25

3.1.Water softening

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 15

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Na

NaX

FeX

MgX

CaX

NaX

Na

Fe

Mg

Ca

4

.

.

.

.

.

2

22

2

2

Ion exchange so#ening u#ilies #he sodiu( cycles

ion exchanger is charged &i#h sodiu(:

7hen #he ca"aci#y is exhaus#ed 'ed is recharged

using 'rine

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Na

Fe

Mg

Ca

NaX

NaX

FeX

MgX

CaX

Na2

2

2

2

2

.

.

.

.

.

2


16/25

3.2.e!inerali"ation

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 16

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

H

NaX

FeX

MgX

CaX

HX

Na

Fe

MgCa

2

.

.

.

.

.

2 2

22

2

2

The ca#ion exchange resin o"era#es on #hehydrogen cycle and #he anion resin o"era#es on

#he hydroxil cycle

Ion exchanger recharge:

22

2

2

2

.

2

2

.

.

.

.

HX

Na

Fe

Mg

Ca

H

NaX

FeX

MgX

CaX

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

OH

SiOX

ClX

SOX

OHX

HSiO

Cl

SO

2

).(

.

.

).(

2

2

23

2

4

2

3

2

4

2

3

2

4

23

2

4

).(

2

22

).(

.

.

OHX

HSiO

Cl

SO

OH

SiOX

ClX

SOX

+

+


17/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 14

3Applications of the ion exchange

processA##en#ion !reerence series or #he (os# co((on ca#ions:

+a2 B !'2 B -r2 B a2 B


18/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 18

# esign proced$re of ion exchanger

A""roach: -caleu" a""roach

,ine#ics a""roachuse @ -ys#e( o"era#ion

-er)ice

+ac*&ashing egenera#ion insing "era#ing (ode

( ) Q

VCk

Q

Mqk

C

C o1o1o 1ln =


19/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 1;


20/25

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 20


21/25

WATER DEMINERALIZATION

H+ OH-

WATER

FROM WTP

Ca++

Mg++

Na+

K+

Fe++

Cu+

CO3--

HCO3-

Cl-

SO4--

SiO2--

NO3-

H+

CO3--

HCO3-

Cl-

SO4--

SiO2--

NO3-

Air

H+

CO3--


22/25

%eactor esign

Hydraulic Loading Rate

9@ is used or de#er(ining cross sec#ion area

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 22

HL

QA =


23/25

%eactor esign

Reactor Volume

D. o. # ='ul*>. F='ul* A>

D lo& o &a#er #o 'e #rea#ed

o inluen# conc. o ion #o 'e re(o)ed

# dura#ion o run 'eore exhaus#ing

='ul*> 'ul* )olu(e o (ois# resin used in reac#or'ed

F='ul* A> )olu(e#ric iso#her( ca"aci#y o ion

exchanger or s"ecies A#o 'e re(o)ed10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 23


24/25

%eactor esign

Bed Depth

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 2$

)sec(

)()(

!ion"ro##

$%lkrea"!or

AVL =


25/25

C&'T& IAI' P*%IT+',A'

10/1/15 02:03:54 AM Ion Exchange 25
http://var/www/apps/07-Project/BBI/hitungan%20deminerlisasi.xlshttp://var/www/apps/07-Project/BBI/hitungan%20deminerlisasi.xls

3. ion exchange

Documents