MACHINERY

HAZARD

OBJECTIVE

At the end this session participant be able

to:

• Give the definition of machinery

• Explain 10 types of machinery hazards

• Describe methods to reduce and control

machinery hazards

SCOPE

• Definition of A Machine

• Machine Parts and Function

• Machinery Hazards

• Machinery Accidents

• Methods for Controlling Machinery Hazards

• Conclusion

• Group Work

Machinery

• “A equipment that can supply power, has

both fixed and moving part, each serving a

particular function. ” BS 5304:1975

WMachinery parts

• Operational / Functional

Perform output functions (e.g. Driller Machine)

• Non-Operational / Non-Functional

– Transfer power or motion to the operational part

(example: motor drive shaft)

MACHINERY PART

Operational / Functional

Prime Movers

• Engines, motors or other appliances which

provides mechanical energy derived from air,

steam, water, wind, electricity, the combustion

of fuels or other sources. (Defined by FMA 1967)

MACHINERY PART

Operational / Functional

Transmission Machinery

Every shaft, wheel, drum, pulley, system of fast and loose pulleys, coupling, clutch, driving belt or other device by which the motion of the prime mover of other source of mechanical power is transmitted or received by any machine or appliance.

(Definition under FMA 1967)

MACHINERY HAZARD

TYPES OF HAZARDS

• Cutting

• Shearing

• Stabbing and Puncturing

• Impact

• Entanglement

• Friction and Abrasion

• Crushing

• Drawing In

• Ejection

• Release of Potential Energy

MACHINERY HAZARD

Cutting Hazard

• Contact with a sharp surface such as:

1. Saw

2. Blade of knife

3. Disc

CUTTING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

Shearing Hazard

• Remove or separating body part by cutting

– Between two moving machinery;

– Between a machine part and workspace

– Between a static and a moving machine

SHEARING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

Stabbing and Puncturing Hazards

• Tips of machine parts, work

materials and objects flying into

(an piercing) the body.

• Example: Needle, splinters of

grindstones.

STABBING AND PUNCTURING

HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

Impact Hazard

• Occurs when an object or part of a

machine acts on the body but

does not puncture or pierce the

body

• Example: Hit by a motion part.

MACHINERY HAZARD

Entanglement Hazard

• Clothing or hair entangled in the parts of

machine that rotate or move.

• Example: Roller machine, gear, shaft (axle),

wheel, chain.

ENTANGLEMENT HAZARD

(FIGURE MH4)

MACHINERY HAZARD

Friction and Abrasion Hazard

• Cause the burning or removal of a

layer of skin on the body.

• Example: Abrasive wheel,

sanding.

FRICTION AND ABRASION

HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

Crushing Hazard

The pressing of a part of the body between

two object / solid machine parts

Example: Stamping Machinery, Power

Press.

CRUSHING HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

• Drawing In Hazard

A body part is pulled into machine

and trapped between the moving

parts of machine

Example: Roller Machine

DRAWING IN HAZARD

MACHINERY HAZARD

Ejection Hazard

• Work material or part of a

machine is pushed out

• Reason for occurrence:

– Failure of machine

– Failure of work material

Example: Abrasive wheel, Drill

MACHINERY HAZARD

Release of Potential Energy

Hazard

• Example:

1. Pressure release

2. Object falling

3. Reserve energy in spring

MACHINERY ACCIDENT

TYPES

• Contact or trapped between machinery and any material

• Entangled with machine parts

• Entangled with material

• Hit by ejected machine parts

• Hit by materials that have been sprung / rejected out

• Release of potential energy

MACHINERY HAZARD

CONTROL METHOD

Hazard Identification

Risk Assessment

Risk Control

Engineering

Administrative

(Discussed in other topic)

MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL

METHOD

Hazard Identification

List down the method to identify this

hazard

Hazard Identification

List down to identify

machinery hazard

Answer:

Observation;

Inspection;

Worker Complaint;

Accident Statistics;

• Review of

regulations;

• Information from the

manufacturers;

• Review of other

sources of

reference;

MACHINERY HAZARD CONTROL METHOD

MACHINERY HAZARD

CONTROL METHOD

Risk Assessment

Using a 2-D Matrix Table

Considered factor:

– Features of Machinery Design;

– Work Methods Used;

– Surrounding Conditions;

– Individual Factors;

– Operational Factors;

Risk Assessment

Considered factor:

• Features of Machinery Design

– Identify machinery hazards

Risk Assessment

Considered factor:

Working Method

• Insertion and removal of materials

• Actual operations

• Maintenance work

• Removal of waste material

• Fitting and measurement of work materials

Risk Assessment

Considered factor :

Surrounding Conditions

• Lighting

• Entry / exit routes

• Temperature

• Condition of work floor

• Noise

• Dusty

Individual factor

• Operator not competence

• Psychological and physiology factors

Risk Assessment

Considered factor :

Operational factor

• The process being used, whether it is continuous or otherwise

• Unexpected movements / starting of machinery

• Mechanical failures

MACHINERY HAZARD

CONCLUSION

• Machinery has various hazard depending on the type of machinery, if uncontrolled, can cause accidents.

• To control them, it is important to first identify the existence of hazards followed by the assessment of risks as previously discussed.

Group Work

Syarikat Maju X Sdn. Bhd. Is manufacturer of X's

machine. Recently, the company had bought a few new

machinery to increase their product. That machines are:

Two (2) cutting machinery (sawn) fixed type iron ;

One (1) fixed drill

Four (4) power press machinery;

One (1) portable air compressor;

Three (3) pedestal grinder

Based on information above, list down the hazard for

each machinery.