3. mis introduction

8/12/2019 3. MIS Introduction

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MIS

Management Information Systems

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Describe the difference between data and

information.

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Data goes through many distinct steps before it becomes information, including:

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acquisition of data;

classification of data;

storage of data;

retrieval of data,

editing of data;

verification and quality control of process that produced the data; aggregation of data;

hypothesis generation;

description of data;

test of analysis assumptions;

Analysis; extrapolation of implications of findings;

choice of format for presentation of data;

distribution of reports;

evaluation of effectiveness of reports.


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MANAGEMENT: Management has been define in

process or activities that describe what managers

do in the operation for their organization plan,organize, initiate and control operations. They plan

by setting strategies and goals and selecting the

best course of action to achieve the goals. They

organize the necessary tasks for the operational

plan, set these tasks up into homogenous groups

and assign authority delegation; they control the

performance standards and avoiding deviation fromstandard.

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INFORMATION: Data must be distinguished from

information and the distinction is clear andimportant for present purpose. Data are facts and

figures that are not currently being used in a

decision-making process and usually are taken from

the historical records that are recorded and filledwithout immediate intent to retrieve for decision-

making.

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SYSTEM: The system can be described as a set of

elements joined together for a common objective.

A subsystem is a part of a larger system with which

one is concerned. All systems for our purpose the

organization is the system and the parts (divisions,

departments, functions, unit etc) are thesubsystem.

The system concept of MIS is, therefore one of

optimizing the output of the organization by

connecting the operating subsystems through the

medium of information exchange.

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The MIS is an idea which is associated with man,

machine, marketing and methods for collecting

informations from the internal and external source and

processing this information for the purpose of facilitating

the process of decision-making of the business.

A management information system(MIS) provides

information that organizations require to manage

themselves efficiently and effectively

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The Definitions

1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information

support for decision making in the organization.

2. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and

machine for providing the information to support the

operations, the management and the decision making

function in the organization.

3. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of

the organization evolved for the purpose of providing

information to the people in the organization.

4. The MIS is defined as a Computer based Information

System.16


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Hence MIS focuses on:

1. Organization-wide information

2. Decision-making process

3. Managerial control and analysis4. Computer-based system

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The actual MIS process relates to:

1. Collection

2. Organization

3. Distribution4. Storage of wide information

5. Managerial control and analysis of data

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These days computers and information processing are

everywhere. Computers influence what decisions are made,

when decisions are made, what information is available at the

point of decision and who is asked to decide. Computers and

information processing affects how work is organized and how

employees feel about work.

Computers even influence what patients want from health

care systems and how patients approach health careorganizations. Information processing and computing is

pervasive.

From our perspective, the essential element of management

is information processing and thus computers are expected toheavily influence management.

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Transaction Processing

Systems (TPS)

Support operation

Management and

control

Routine, normal

operations

Management Information

Systems (MIS)

Provide decision-

making support for

routine, structureddecisions

Closely linked to and

fed by TPS

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Terminology Confusion

MIS = the study of information technology

in business settings

But, MIS is also term to refer to class of

systems used to support operational and

tactical decisionmaking

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A Model for Problem Solving

Decision Making Phase

Intelligence gathering

Design Choice

Implementation

Monitoring

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Decision Making

A step in problem solving

Intelligence gathering

Definition of problem

Data gathered on scope

Constraints identified Design phase

Alternatives identified and assessed

Choice

Selection of an alternative

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Structured vs. Unstructured

Problems Structured problems lend themselves to

programmed decisions

The implication is that a repeatable

process can be employed and these can

be automated

Unstructured problems require

unprogrammed decisions

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Unstructured Problems

Can be addressed (or partially addressed)

with Decision Support Systems

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Structured Problems

Can be addressed by an MIS

Three decision models or techniques

Optimization Find the best solution

Satisficing

Find a solution which meets certain criteria Heuristics

Rule-based solution generation 27


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Goals of an MIS

Provide managers with information

Regular, routine operations

Control, organize and plan better

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Typical Inputs and Outputs

Inputs: Information from the TPS

Outputs: hard and softcopy reports

Scheduled reports On-demand reports

Key-indicator (business fundamentals)

Exception reports

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Functional Perspectives of MIS

Financial MIS

Will integrate information from multiple

sources

Functions

Costing

P&L reporting

Auditing

Funds management30


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Manufacturing

Design and Engineering

Master Production Scheduling Inventory Control

Materials Planning

Manufacturing and Process Control

Quality Control31


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Marketing

Market research

Web-based market research

Pricing

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Transportation and Logistics

Route and schedule optimization

Human Resources

Accounting

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Decision Support Systems

Used for unstructured problems

Characteristics

Data from multiple sources internal and external to organization

Presentation flexibility

Simulation and what-if capability

Support for multiple decision approaches

Statistical analysis

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Components of a DSS

Model management software

Provides a variety of solution models

Financial, statistical, graphical, project

management

Dialogue Manager

Allows user interaction with DSS

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Group Decision Making

Systems Very interesting field

How can information technology improve

how decisions are made by groups?

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Systems Applications

Where time is critical

Where participants are geographically dispersed

Where authority obstructs communication

Military Business

Government

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Systems Common characteristics

Meeting moderation/facilitation

Signed and anonymous comments

Structured deliberations

Presentation period Comment period

Automated collation of comments

Voting

Face-to-face and remote

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Executive Information Systems

What information does a chief executive of

board member require?

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Executive Information Systems

High level with drill down

Key business and industry data

Structured and unstructured information

Structured: MTD orders

Unstructured: Industry newsfeed

Graphical

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3. mis introduction

Documents