1. 1. Valarie Young PERSIAN WARS
2. 2. Valarie Young The Persian Wars From 500-479 BCE, the Greeks provoked and then survived the mighty Persian Empire.
3. 3. Valarie Young The Persian Wars Together, the small citizen armies defeated the titanic Persians army.
4. 4. Valarie Young To free citizens it was better to die free than to live as a slave under the Persians.
5. 5. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 B.C- 494 B.C. Cause The Ionian Greeks rebel against the Persian Empire. Response Athens sends weapons, ships and money to help them.
6. 6. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 - 494 B.C. Result: Darius I crushes the rebellion and plans to invade Athens by sea. Darius I 549-486 BC
7. 7. Valarie Young The First Persian War 499 - 494 B.C. Result: However, his fleet is wrecked by a storm.
8. 8. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 492-490 BC Cause In 492, Darius sends a 50,000 man army to destroy Athens and her allies. Every day a servant said to Darius Master, remember the Athenians
9. 9. Valarie Young Eretria The Persians bunt many northern Greek Polis.
10. 10. Valarie Young Major Battles The Second Persian War 492-490 BCE Athens sends Pheidippides to ask Sparta for help, but they will not come. They want to fight the Persians in the Peloponnese
11. 11. Valarie Young Athens and her allies met the Persians at Marathon.
12. 12. Valarie Young Battle of Marathon: Persia- 25,000 -50,000 Athens -9,000 allies- 1,000
13. 13. Valarie Young Persian soldiers The majority of the Persian Army were conscript and mercenary soldiers.
14. 14. Valarie Young Persian immortals
15. 15. Valarie Young Miltiades Athenian General and Politian
16. 16. Valarie Young 11,00 Athenian & Plataean Hoplites The hoplites were Polis citizen solders.
17. 17. Valarie Young Phalanx Formation
18. 18. Valarie Young Persians (Datis) Persians (Datis) 19,000 light infantry, archers and javelin throwers 1,000 cavalry Athenians & Plataeans (Miltiades) 11,000 hoplites Athenians & Plateans (Miltiades) The Immortals The Immortals are Persias most elite unit which double as an imperial guard and conventional land force. Their numerical strength is always supplemented to 10,000, dead or wounded being replaced immediately. This is done to preserve the cohesion and mystique of the unit. Miltiades deploys his army in a long, thin line across the valley to prevent the Persian cavalry from rounding his flanks. Datis extends his line accordingly to prevent encirclement. Miltiades places more weight on his wings at the expense of his center while Datis distributes his troops evenly but places his heavier elite infantry, the Immortals, at his center. The Athenians sprint towards the Persians, the wings edging ahead of the center, in order to negate the Persian advantage of having significant numbers of missile throwers. The Persian missile throwers underestimate the fitness of the hoplites and the speed of their advance; most of their missiles land harmlessly behind the Athenians. Not surprisingly, the greater weight of Miltiades wings push back those of the lightly armoured Persians while Datis Immortals push back the thinly manned Athenian center. Due to the surprise achieved, the Persian cavalry was on a foraging assignment and is only now ready to partake in the battle.
19. 19. Valarie YoungSome Persians drown after unknowingly running into marshland. The remaining Persian units are pounded by the Athenian hoplites on the beaches, where they suffer the majority of their casualties. Although the Persians escape by sea, the Athenians capture seven of their ships. Not surprisingly, the greater weight of Miltiades wings push back those of the lightly armoured Persians while Datis Immortals push back the thinly manned Athenian center. Due to the surprise achieved, the Persian cavalry was on a foraging assignment and is only now ready to partake in the battle. Sensing the danger to his centre, Miltiades orders it to hang back. Datis however does not sense the danger to his wings. Just as the Athenian center appears to break, the Persian wings are soundly defeated and retreat in disarray. The Athenian wings surround the Persian centre and begin to assault its flanks. The Persians are still numerically superior so Miltiades leaves a passage of retreat, knowing a desperate enemy fights its hardest. The Persian center, besieged on three sides, panics and retreats in disarray along with the wings. The Persian cavalry counterattacks before being swept away, but this allows Datis to organize a rearguard. Persians (Datis) Athenians & Plateans (Miltiades) Persians (Datis) 19,000 light infantry, archers and javelin throwers 1,000 cavalry Athenians & Plataeans (Miltiades) 11,000 hoplites The Immortals The Immortals are Persias most elite unit which double as an imperial guard and conventional land force. Their numerical strength is always supplemented to 10,000, dead or wounded being replaced immediately. This is done to preserve the cohesion and mystique of the unit.
20. 20. Valarie Young Battle of Marathon 6,400 Persians dead, 192 Athenians
21. 21. Valarie Young Pheidippides Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26 miles 41.8 Km He dies after proclaiming the news of the victory.
22. 22. Valarie Young The army returns to Athens , The Persian fleet sails back home.
23. 23. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 492-490 BCE Sparta did not even fight! Results: Athens reputation increases across Greece. Athenians believe more in their democracy as the rational and best way of government. More polis decide for democracy.
24. 24. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 490 BC Themistocles convinces the citizens of Athens to build a fleet, preparing for another attack.
25. 25. Valarie Young Trireme 200-300 citizen rowers
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29. 29. Valarie Young The Second Persian War 490 BC Athens forms a defensive league with other city-states the Delian League.
30. 30. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 BCE Darius son Xerses invades Athens by land and sea.
31. 31. Valarie Young Xerses invades Greece by land and sea. He personally Leads an army of 180,000 to 300,000 And a fleet of 300 war ships.
32. 32. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. Major Battles August 480 BCE Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans and 6000 Greeks led by King Leonidas hold off 300,000 Persians. 300-Battle Scene_(360p).flv
33. 33. Valarie Young Battle of Thermopylae August 480 BCE
34. 34. Valarie Young The Spartans gain time so most of the Athenians retreat to Salamis.
35. 35. Valarie Young Xersus marches on Athens and burns it. The Persian fleet closes in on the Delian fleet at Salamis
36. 36. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. Sicinnus (Themistocles slave) told Xerses that the Greek fleet would move out of the bay and escape. The Persians row all night to stop them. The Persians divide their fleet to block all exits out of the straights. Battle of Salamis
37. 37. Valarie Young Artemisia, queen of Halicarnassus commanded a Persian naval squadron She advised Xerses to wait for the Greeks to surrender, believing a battle in the straits of Salamis unwise.
38. 38. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 BCE Yahoo! Video Search Results for battle of salamis3.wmv Major Battles September Battle of Salamis
39. 39. Valarie Young September Battle of Salamis The Persians row all night to stop them. The Persians divide their fleet to block all exits out of the straights
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41. 41. Valarie Young Trireme
42. 42. Valarie Young Third Persian War 480 B.C. The fresh Athenian crews rip apart the exhausted Persian navy. They sink more than 200 Persian ships. Yahoo! Video Search Results for battle of salamis3.wmv Battle of Salamis
43. 43. Valarie Young The Greeks sail to destroy Xerses bridge across the Hellespot. Xerses divides his army in two, leading one against the Hellespot. The other to sack Athens again the following spring.
44. 44. Valarie Young Third Persian War 479 BCE Battle of Plataea The combined armies of Athens and Sparta defeat the Persians again.
45. 45. Valarie Young June 479 BCE Battles of Plataea Pausanias leads 40,000 Greek Hoplites from Athens, Sparta, and allied Greek polis Mardonius leads 120,000 Persian troops, heavy on cavalry including the Immortals
46. 46. Valarie Young June 479 BCE Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
47. 47. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
48. 48. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
49. 49. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
50. 50. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
51. 51. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea Allies Athenians Spartans
52. 52. Valarie Young June 479 BC: Battles of Plataea The Greeks loose up to 1100 men. The Persians army is completely destroyed nearly 100 percent or 120,000 casualties.
53. 53. Valarie Young Third Persian War: The Outcome! Democracy of Athens status increases among the polis. More polis decide for democracy and join the Delian league.
54. 54. Valarie Young Triumph of Democracy and Freedom If the Persians had won, democracy and freedom would have died in the West. The founders of the USA used the example of Athenian democracy to make its constitution. The Persians would not invade Greece again.
55. 55. Valarie Young The Impact of the Persian Wars 1. Athens is the most powerful city-state. 2. 150 Greek city states join the Delian League. 3. Athens creates an economic empire out of it. s 4. Athens enters into a Golden Age of science and arts. 5. Sparta starts forms the Peloponnesian League in opposition to it.
56. 56. Valarie Young Homework Page 125 1-5 Bonus 9
57. 57. Valarie Young Next time Classical Greece Pg 123-133
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59. 59. Valarie Young The Delian League Permanent Alliance headed by Pericles of Athens To defend against future Persian invasion Members pay dues Problems 1. Members could not leave the alliance 2. Pericles used $ to rebuild Athens 3. Promoted democracies only Sparta not happy!
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