3rd Nine Weeks Test Review

Lamarck was an early scientist who studied the

development of characteristics in organisms

over time. What best describes his views on how

organisms change over time?

What is the definition of a species?

What do the following have in common?

What is a gene pool?

• Giant fossil ferns have been found in Canada. Which conclusion can be drawn from this discovery? Think about climate

According to the diagram, during the last 40 million years, the

structure of the horse’s foot has —

Which of these is a common adaptation for mammals in aquatic

environments?

• Keen eyesight

• Streamline body

• Sharp teeth

• Long fur

The picture shows a segment of DNA from a cat. Which of these is most likely the kitten of this

cat?

Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms makes them different from eukaryotes?

1. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles. 2. Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes.3. Prokaryotes are made of cells.4. Prokaryotes have DNA.

• A key concept in the modern theory of evolution explains

• This chart compares the base sequences of homologous segments of DNA from three primates. Based on this information, how many differences in the resulting amino acid sequences would you expect to find between humans and chimpanzees?

Which is the best model of a prokaryotic cell?

• DNA that is derived from the DNA of two or more different species is called

Which type of Drosophila has changed the least over time?

Some unicellular organisms are motile (have the ability to move) and some are nonmotile. Which

cellular structures are associated with movement?

• A Ribosomes

• B Flagella

• C Chloroplasts

• D Vacuoles

• What structure is common to all five kingdoms of living organisms?

Over many generations, unrelated or distantly related

species may come to resemble each other due to —

• A similar environmental factors

• B similar genetic mutations

• C homologous structural adaptations

• D competition with each other

• A Dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may not survive indoors.

• B Dogs with thick leg muscles may require more exercise than dogs with thin leg muscles.

• C Inheritance alone may not account for thick leg muscles in dogs.

• D Inheritance of thick leg muscles may be associated with coat thickness in dogs.

A student hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs.The student collects data on several dogs, and the data show that dogs that live outdoors have thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. What should the student conclude?

What is kind of structures are shown? Think about the appendix

• A man treated his home with a pesticide that kills roaches. The first application of the pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two months later he applied the pesticide to his home again, but the second application killed only 65% of the roaches. What would best explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the pesticide?

A Superior low-light visionB Consumption of an omnivorous dietC Ability to bear live youngD Endothermic body metabolism

• One theory of the extinction of dinosaur species is that a large meteorite impact on Earth caused a major atmospheric change marked by colder temperatures. If this theory is correct, what adaptation of mammals probably allowed them to survive even though dinosaurs became extinct?

Give an example of artificial selection.

The 14 different species of finches in the Galapagos Islands originated from a single ancestral species. What is it about these islands that are responsible for the

diversity of finch species?

• A The islands are made of volcanic peaks.

• B Each island has different food sources.

• C Each island has a different climate.

• D The islands are clustered near each

All the organisms shown above belong to the Phylum Chordata. The structural

similarity in the organisms suggests that

—

According to some scientists, what resulted from the environmental conditions existing on primitive Earth illustrated below?

Which scientist is correctly paired with his area of research?

• A August Weismann — common ancestry of species

• B Jean Lamarck — origin of life on Earth

• C Stanley Miller — survival of the fittest

• D Charles Darwin — natural selection

Geographic and reproductive isolation are most closely associated with

• A speciation

• B overproduction

• C extinction

• D competition

The term “evolution” is best described as

• A a process of change in a population through time

• B a process by which organisms become extinct

• C the reproductive isolation of members of certain species

• D the replacement of one community by another

Which pair of structures is homologous?

• A wing of an insect and wing of a bird

• B tentacle of a hydra and flipper of a whale

• C front leg of an insect and bones in the leg of a human

• D bones in the front leg of a dog and bones in the wing of a bat

Fossil records indicate that between 80 million and 60 million years ago the structure of the horned dinosaur frequently underwent rapid changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of change best illustrates the

concept of

• A use and disuse

• B punctuated equilibrium

• C gradualism

• D enzyme specificity

Modern evolutionary theory consists of the concepts of Darwin modified by knowledge concerning:

• A. overpopulation

• B the genetic basis of variation

• C. survival of the fittest

• D. competition

Lamarck was an early scientist who studied the development of characteristics in organisms over time. Which of the following choices best describes his views

on how organisms change over time?

• A Theory of acquired characteristics _

• B Law of independent assortment

• C Theory of artificial selection

• D Theory of relative fossil-dating

This chart shows vertebrate embryo development. Which of these would be least related to the others?

Which of the following organelles is present in both

prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• A Nucleus

• B Ribosome _

• C Golgi body

• D Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the purpose of the flagellum?

Which of these is capable of moving quickly?