テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/liferh/cell biol 5.pdfimaging...
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
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前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)
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前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 5: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
微小管配置
3-577(2-579)
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微小管の三形態
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分裂中期の紡錘体微小管
ECB18-10 3-630(2-648)
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セントロメア、動原体、動原体MT
3-629(2-645) ECB18-24
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Figure 18-15 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-621(2-639) ECB18-15
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Figure 18-19a Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-624(2-639)
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セントロメア、動原体、動原体MT
3-629(2-645) ECB18-24
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Figure 18-19b Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-629(2-645) ECB18-19
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ECB19-6
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 15: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Observing Mitosis with Fluorescence Microscopy
(Molecular Expressions)
•
•
•
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細胞分裂 各期概観
Figure 17-2. The events of cell division as seen under a microscope. The easily visible processes of nuclear division (mitosis) and cell fission (cytokinesis), which are together called the M phase, typically occupy only a small fraction of the cell cycle. The other, much longer part of the cycle is known as interphase. During M phase an abrupt change in the biochemical state of the cell occurs at the transition from metaphase to anaphase; a cell can pause in metaphase before this transition point, but once the point is passed, the cell will carry on smoothly to the end of mitosis and through cytokinesis into interphase.
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3-626(2-642) ECB Panel 18-1
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 21: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)
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前期prophase突入:中心体の極移動と極間微小管形成
極間微小管形成
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Figure 18-22 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010)
前期 prophase極間微小管形成
3-628(2-640) ECB18-22
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Figure 18-23 Essential Cell Biology (© Garland Science 2010) 3-629(2-644) ECB18-23
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 26: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)
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前中期 prometaphase
3-626(2-642)
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前中期prometaphase突入:
動原体微小管形成 核膜崩壊
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動物の前中期
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酵母の分裂装置
Figure 19-37. Mitotic apparatus in S. cerevisiae. In yeast, the nucleus remains intact during mitosis; thus the chromosomes are isolated from direct interaction with the cytosol. (a) Spindle pole bodies, which are attached to the nuclear membrane, organize the spindle microtubules (MTs). Each of the 16 chromosomes is attached to two kinetochore microtubules. (b) A yeast cell divides by a process in which a bud emerges, enlarges, and eventually is pinched off, forming the daughter cell. This photomicrograph, taken late in mitosis, shows the two spindle pole bodies (SPB) and microtubules connecting them. Note the absence of astral microtubules.
Molecular Cell Biology 19. Cell Motility and Shape II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments 19.5. Microtubule Dynamics and Motor Proteins during Mitosis
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 32: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
前期突入、前中期突入、後期突入(中期脱出)
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中期の成立:染色体の赤道面配列
3-630(2-648) ECB18-25
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分裂中期の紡錘体微小管
ECB18-10 3-630(2-648)
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Imaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium.Currently available light microscope technology allows detailed and spectacular imaging of spindle organization in metaphase cells. Thisshows a salamander (newt) lung cell, fixed in metaphase, and photographed by epifluorescence after labeling the chromosomes (blue) and DAPI, and staining the microtubules (green) and keratin filaments (red) by indirect immunofluorescence methods. This cell contains a single monooriented chromosome that will delay anaphase onset
until it becomes properly bioriented and positioned near the spindle equator. In epithelia, the spindle is often surrounded by a cage of intermediate filaments that formerly surrounded the nucleus.
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 37: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
中期脱出=後期anaphase突入染色体分離
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Figure 18-29 Essential Cell Biology
Anaphase Promoting Complex triggers chromatid separation
ECB18-29
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Imaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium.Currently available light microscope technology allows detailed and spectacular imaging of spindle organization in metaphase cells. Thisshows a salamander (newt) lung cell, fixed in metaphase, and photographed by epifluorescence after labeling the chromosomes (blue) and DAPI, and staining the microtubules (green) and keratin filaments (red) by indirect immunofluorescence methods. This cell contains a single monooriented chromosome that will delay anaphase onset
until it becomes properly bioriented and positioned near the spindle equator. In epithelia, the spindle is often surrounded by a cage of intermediate filaments that formerly surrounded the nucleus.
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The anaphase-promoting complex induces amphitelically attached chromatids to segregate to opposite poles by destroying both cyclin B and securin. The Ipl1/Aurora B kinase both eliminates syntelically attached chromatid pairs and promotes inhibition of APC/C when centromeres fail to come under tension. Chromatin, blue; microtubules, green; centromeres, open circles; cohesin, red.
紡錘体チェックポイント
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中期metaphaseと後期anaphase
Metaphase-to-anaphase transition in rat kangaroo PtK2 cells. -Tubulin, green; centrosomes, red; DNA stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, blue. Adapted from Science 297, 559-565 (Nasmyth, 2002)
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後期A: 染色体が紡錘体極へ後期B: 紡錘体極spindle poleの離反
3-633(2-650) ECB18-30
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後期A:動原体MTの動原体領域での短縮など
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後期B:(1)極間微小管の伸長(2)星状体微小管による牽引
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
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終期:染色体の両極への到達
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 48: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
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細胞質分裂と収縮環
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ECB17-36,39
収縮環ではⅡ型ミオシン
Actin Depolymerization Drives Actomyosin Ring Contraction during Budding Yeast Cytokinesis (Developmental Cell 22, 1247-1260, 2012)(ScienceDirect --- Graphic Abstract)
Mechanics of cytokinesis in eukaryotes (Curr Opinion Cell Biol 22, 50-56, 2010) (ScienceDirect)
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植物の細胞質分裂1
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植物の細胞質分裂2
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テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂• 細胞分裂
– セルサイクルエンジンによる制御点
– 微小管と細胞分裂
– 概観
– 前期 prophase– 前中期 prometaphase– 中期 metaphase– 後期 anaphase– 終期 telophase– 細胞質分裂 cytokinesis
![Page 55: テーマ3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂 - 帯広畜産大学rhythms/LifeRh/Cell Biol 5.pdfImaging Mitosis at the Turn of the Millennium. Currently available light microscope technology](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021820/5ada75737f8b9afc0f8c8ad2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
• 細胞分裂の多様性• Mitosis in diatoms: rediscovering an old model for
cell division (BioEssay 2009 31:874-884 pdf)
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細胞分裂概観
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• テーマ 1 セルサイクル制御概観
• テーマ 2 セルサイクル制御発見小史
• テーマ 3 細胞骨格と細胞分裂
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科目『細胞生物学』の構成
• 細胞周期調節 (後藤)
ECB 17-18
• 細胞膜と情報伝達(小嶋)
ECB 11, 12, 15-16– ホメオスタシス、環境応
答
• 遺伝子発現調節(加藤)
ECB 7-8– 装置更新・新規合成
• 科目『生物学概論』の構成
生命のつながり ECB 1, 9, 20
– 自然淘汰と生命史 ECB 1, 9, 20
– 生命の秩序 ECB 3, 13
– 生体膜とイオン輸送 ECB 11-12
– 生体膜とATP生産 ECB 14
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生物学的仕事の統合タンパク質作用の重層的ネットワーク