3 surviving an economic crisis unit 7 section a foreigh language teaching and research press air...

3

Surviving an economic crisis


Unit 7 Section AUnit 7 Section A

FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY

It’s a recession when your neighbor loses his job; it’s a depression when you lose yours.

— Harry S. Truman

Hunger is not the worst feature of unemployment; idleness is. — William E. Barrett

3

7 Economy: Power behind everyday lifeUNIT

Section A

3



Objectives

To talk about economic crisis

To further understand the text

To apply the phrases and patterns

To master the essay writing skill

7 Economy: Power behind everyday lifeUNIT

Contents

Surviving an economic crisisSection A

Warming-up activities

Text study

Language application

Summary

Warming-up activities

Lead-in

Pre-reading activities

Cultural background


1. How does economic recession affect ordinary people?

• Long months of struggles;• Harsh reality;• Losing jobs;• Losing apartment;• Losing high living standards;• Losing status;• Losing belief and self-esteem;

2. Do you have any solutions to economic crisis?

• To go beyond short-term financial rescue solutions;• To seek long-term transformation;• To construct a system in which market forces are

checked through ethical regulations and oversight;• To construct a framework of common values.

1. How do you understand global economic meltdown?

2. What is US government’s first response to the economic crisis?

Watch a video clip about economic meltdown

and discuss the questions.

Pre-reading activitiesWatch and talk

Video Watching

1. How do you understand global economic meltdown?

• Severe and sudden deterioration;• Worldwide recession;• Resulting in huge financial loss;• Credit crunch;• Stock market crash.


2. What is US government’s first response to the economic crisis?

To bailout the banks with TRAP

(Troubled-Asset Relief Program) so

as to help banks get rid of toxic

assets.


The economic ______ is claiming another victim: world trade. Last month the World Bank predicted a two percent _________ this year—the largest drop since the 1940s. Economies that depend on exports for growth have been hit hard.

This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

Listen to a short passage concerning economic crisis and fill in the missing information.

crisis

decrease

To be continued

Compound dictationPre-reading activities

Credit has improved in some cases since the

financial crisis __________ in September.

But falling demand, including reduced

demand for oil, has cut trade around the

world. The International Monetary Fund

recently called for government spending, tax

cuts and international ___________ to

support growth.

worsened

cooperation

To be continued



To ease credit, the Bank of England last week reduced its main interest rate to one and one-half percent — its lowest ever. The bank was ___________ in 1694. Britain’s economy may have _______ by one percent just in the final three months of last year. The first _________ are expected at the end of January.

established shrunk

To be continued

estimates



This week, Germany’s ___________________ agreed to an economic aid package worth about 67 billion dollars. The two-year plan calls for spending on public works and a tax cut for low-income Germans. Critics considered an earlier measure too small to ________________ in Europe’s largest economy.

coalition government

fight the recession



Questions Previewing

1. What is economic crisis?

2. What does mortgage refer to?

3. What triggered US subprime mortgage crisis?

Tips

Tips

Tips

Cultural background Economy

1. What is economic crisis?

• Sudden downturn; • Financial crisis;• Falling GDP;• Drying up of liquidity;• Rising / falling prices.


2. What does mortgage refer to?

• A legal agreement;• The purchase of real estate;• Payment periods;• Interest rates.


3. What triggered US subprime mortgage crisis?

• A national banking emergency;• A large decline in home prices;• Declines in residential investment;• Reductions in household spending and

business investment;• Mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures; • The devaluation of housing-related

securities.


Main idea & structure

Language focus

Critical thinking

Text study


What was the consequence when large numbers of homeowners failed to repay their loans? (Para.1)

Tips The companies that had the oversight

and those that owned the loans (as well as their subsidiaries and their shareholders) lost sizable amounts of money.

Main ideas of the partsMain idea & structure

The text starts with an introduction about

the ___________ caused by the economic

crisis, in which the author sets forth the

thesis statement — many people

experienced long months of struggles when

the _______________ swept the nation.

(Para.1)

Part I (Para. 1)

great impact

economic slump


Sue faced life as _______ after being evicted from her apartment. (Paras. 2-3)

Where is she going?

Sue packed up and drove out of town. (Para. 2)

She wound up at a motel. (Para. 3)

migrant


What were “99ers”? (Para.4)

Tips

They were jobless people who were no longer allowed to claim unemployment insurance benefits which they could only receive for 99 weeks.


What did the unemployment benefits mean to the layoffs? (Para. 5)

Tips

Although the unemployment benefits were small in amount, they helped jobless people to survive and to keep their life going.


Sue’s ______________________ had expired. (Paras. 4-6)

unemployment benefits


Sue was a “99er”. (Para. 4)

Unemployment benefits were her _______. (Para. 5)lifeline

she began to tumble over the ____________. (Para. 6)economic cliff

Sue faced life as migrant because

her unemployment benefits had

expired.

Body: Section 1 (Paras. 2-6)


Why does the author say Sue spent each day like a ping pong ball? (Para. 7)

Tips

Because she went back and forth between resolve and despair.


Belief and confidence

Shelter

Education

Living standard

How did the economic crisis affect Sue’s life? (Paras. 7-13)

Income

Every aspect of

her life

Self-esteem


Every aspect of

her life

The economic crisis damaged every aspect of Sue’s life such as her loss of income, a high living standard, her unfinished education, shelter, belief and confidence in life, and self-esteem.



Why did Sue think the only help she was going to

get was from herself? (Para.14)

TipsShe couldn’t receive effective support from the

government and social organizations.

Furthermore, what she needed was far beyond

what her friends could offer and her sons were

also not in a position to help her. So, she could

only rely on herself.


All her food supplies were put on the shelves under the television. They were _______________ she mixed with water in the motel’s ice bucket and heated up in a microwave; peanut butter and jelly; ___________________. For Sue, a person __________ this food was only enough to stay alive. (Para. 15)

rice and noodles

a loaf of white breadin despair


What new struggles and obstacles did Sue have

to face when she applied for a job? (Para.16)

Tips

She had to deal with new difficulties like what to

do for an address for job applications, and

worried that calls would not reach her because

her cell phone was cut off for non-payment.


This section is about how Sue’s

endeavor to fight the harsh reality

only gave way to feeling of

helplessness and the reality which

got her in a corner.



Do you think Sue’s life will be better and better after her receiving $300 cash from her old friend? (Para.17)

Tips

No. There is no doubt that this was the only hope in her difficult situation, but it was just a temporary remedy. She couldn’t live on that kind of hope very long and her future might be even more brutal.


This section is the conclusion of Sue’s story. It reiterates Sue’s continuous struggle for a living, and how she continues to look for a ray of hope, despite her hardship.

Body: Section 4 (Para. 17)


Part II (Paras. 2-17)

Part II is the body of the essay,

containing four sections to expose the

severe impact Sue suffered from the

loss of her job.


This text is a narrative essay that touches upon the severe impact of the economic crisis on ordinary working-class people through the example of Sue. The author intends to provoke among the readers sympathy for ordinary working people and thoughts about the disastrous consequences of the economic crisis.

Main idea of the textMain idea & structure

Introduction about the great impact caused by the economic crisis

Many people experienced long months of struggles when the economic slump swept across the nation. (Para. 1)

Structure of the textMain idea & structure

Introduction about the great impact caused by the economic crisis

Body—the economic crisis brought about disastrous effects on Sue’s life

Sue faced life as a migrant because her unemployment benefits had expired. (Paras. 2-6)

The economic crisis affected every aspect of her life. (Paras. 7-13)

Sue struggled to fight the harsh reality. (Paras. 14-16)

Sue needed to continue her struggle for a living. (Para. 17)

Structure of the textMain idea & structure


The ______________ originated in the United States. The authorities failed to take effective measures to regulate the ________, whose effects soon spiraled into the US job market as _______ and ___________. Consequently, many people experienced long months of struggle just like Sue.

economic slump

mortgage

layoffs

To be continued

terminations

Summary of the textMain idea & structure

After being ___________ her apartment, Sue packed up her belongings and drove out of town. She finally __________ at a motel where she had to pay a deposit of $260 which she had managed to _______ ________ from friends and from selling her living room set. Sue became “99er” because she had exhausted the maximum 99 weeks of ____________________________ insurance benefits.

evicted from

wound up

scrape

unemployment insurance benefits

To be continued

together


She lost her income, the life of comfort and respect, the opportunities for an education. Even worse, a municipal council gave her 10 days to leave her apartment _______ because she was ____________ by bureaucracy for her not paying the rent. The sudden worsening _____________ made Sue lose her belief and confident in life. Her endeavor to fight the harsh reality only gave way to a feeling of ____________.helplessness

for goodcaught up with

living conditions


Practical Phrases Specific Meanings

1. pack up 把 ······ 打包；2. wind up 以 ······ 告终3. scrape sth. together/up 勉强筹集，凑足4. a roof over one’s head 栖身之所；住处5. catch up with sb. 抓住并惩罚（某人）6. for good 永远

Language focus

Practical phrases

45

把 ······ 打包

We arrived too late for the concert, just as the

musicians were already packing up their

instruments.

pack up短语逆译

短语应用音乐会我们到场太迟了，音乐家们都已经在收拾乐器了。意群提示(too late for / pack up /instrumen )

Language focus

Practical phrases

46

以 ······ 告终

In extreme sports (such as parachuting), you take the risk that you may wind up seriously injured or even dead.

wind up短语逆译

短语应用在极限运动（比如跳伞）中，你可能会冒严重受伤甚至赔上性命的风险。意群提示(extreme sports/parachute jump/take the risk/wind up )

Language focus

Practical phrases

勉强筹集，凑足

They hardly scrape up enough money for the train fare.

scrape sth. together/up短语逆译

短语应用他们几乎连火车票的钱都凑不齐。

意群提示(hardly/scrape up/train fare)

Language focus

Practical phrases

栖身之所；住处

Finding a roof over their head has become a real problem for thousands of young people seeking a home of their own.

a roof over one’s head 短语逆译

短语应用对成千上万想有一个家的年轻人来说，找到可以栖身的房子实在是一个难题。意群提示

(a roof over one’s head/thousands of/seek a home)

Language focus

Practical phrases

抓住并惩罚（某人）

The law caught up with him for 10 years of

failing to pay child support to his ex-wife for his

two children.

catch up with sb.短语逆译

短语应用他由于有十年都未支付给前妻和两个孩子的抚养费而受到法律的制裁。意群提示(catch up with sb. /fail to/ pay child support)

Language focus

Practical phrases

永远

The injury may keep him out of football for good.

短语逆译

短语应用这次受伤可能会使他永远告别足球。

意群提示

for good

( keep out of/ for good)

Language focus

Practical phrases

Functional Patterns Functions & Usages

1. Sb. knows that in all likelihood…

用于表达“某人对事情的判断”。

2. Sb. wonders if he/she will ever again do sth.

用于表达“某人是否能达到从前的状态”。

3. Sb. worries about what will happen when...

用于表达“某人对事情的担心”。

Language focus

Functional patterns

苏明白自己最终很可能以车为家。

原句译文

逆译练习

Sue knew that in all likelihood, she would end up living in her car. (Para. 4, L1)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

Sb. knows that in all likelihood…

句型提炼

应用提示用于描述“某人对事情的判断”。

句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

典型例句权威人士们明白如果物价继续攀升，消费者极有可能会勒紧裤腰带而更加谨慎地购物。

意群提示

The authorities knew that in all likelihood, consumers would be more careful about their purchases and tighten their belts if prices keep climbing.

(authorities/tighten one’s belts/ keep climbing)

Language focus

Functional patterns

她不知道自己还能否重温那舒适而又受人尊敬的生活。

原句译文

逆译练习She wondered if she would ever again be able to reclaim that life of comfort and respect. (Para. 11, L1-2)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

Sb. wonders if he/she will ever again do sth.

句型提炼

应用提示


句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

典型例句曾经辉煌的球队不知道他们还能否再次赢得世界杯的比赛。意群提示

The soccer team, which used to grow into its glory,wondered if they would ever again win the World Cup.

(grow into the glory/ win the World Cup)

Language focus

Functional patterns

她还担心要是手机因为欠费停机了怎么办？别人拨打她的号码，就如石沉大海，她无法接听。

原句译文

逆译练习She worried about what would happen when her cell phone was cut off for non-payment, and calls to her number would disappear into an invisible world she could not reach. (Para. 16, L2-4)

句型提炼

Language focus

Functional patterns

Sb. worries about what will happen when...

句型提炼

应用提示用于描述“某人对事情的担心”。

句型应用

Language focus

Functional patterns

典型例句年迈而贫穷的老人担心要是自己像寄生虫一样的儿子回家找他要钱怎么办？

意群提示

The poor aging man worried about what would happen when his son returned to him asking for money like a parasite.

(aging man / like a parasite)

Language focus

Functional patterns

许许多多的人正经历的这场经济萧条

发端于美国。对抵押贷款监管不力，致使当时的风险评估远低于现在的最

终结果。 a. The economic slump so

many people

suffered

through originated in the

United States, with a

regulatory failure

of

mortgages rated less risky

than they turned out to be.

(Para.1, L1)

Language focus

Language appreciation

些许的失业救济金对那些失去工作的人来

说可是救命钱，这使他们不至于形貌落魄，无立锥之地；不

至于无钱加油，缴不起电话费。

b. Modest payments of

unemployment benefits were a

lifeline that enabled people who

were out-of-work to maintain at

least an appearance of normalcy,

keeping a roof over their heads,

putting gas in their cars, paying

electric and phone bills. (Para.5,

L2)

Language focus


当苏收到最后一笔失业救济支票时，阵阵悲凉涌上心头。

c. When Sue received her last

unemployment check, she felt

a wave of profound grief.

(Para.7, L1)

Language focus


每天，苏就像乒乓球一样在信心和绝望之间起落不定。

d. Each day, lik

e a ping pong

ball, Sue went back and forth

between resolve and despair.

(Para.7, L4)

Language focus


苏连日来都在网上查找各种工作指南，四处求职：但一次次无声的拒绝让她陷于无助。

e. Sue’s days were spent

surfing Internet job indexes,

applying for jobs where the

silent “No.” “No.” “N

o.” gave

way to a feeling of

helplessness. (Para.15, L4)

Language focus


1. Who suffer the most severe impact in an economic downturn? How?

2. In what sense is the establishment of a social security system important to economic development?

3. What initiatives should the government undertake to save people like Sue from feeling despaired?

Tips

Tips

Tips

4. Which do you think is important for the government, to regulate economic activities, or to allow the market complete freedom?

Tips

Critical thinking

Theme exploration

Women and children suffer most: Women are among the first to lose job;

having to work harder to seek additional

income; spending less on nurture and

care. Women and children lack voice and power

which contribute to abuse and exploitation.

1. Who suffer the most severe impact in an economic downturn? How?

Critical thinking

Theme exploration

2. In what sense is the establishment of a social security system important to economic development?

To be a source of income;

To reduce poverty;

To improve the standard of living;

To stabilize society;

To stimulate domestic demand;

To promote economic growth.

Critical thinking

Theme exploration

To extend the period of unemployment

insurance benefits for people;

To create job opportunities to help them

with employment.

3. What initiatives should the government undertake to save people like Sue form feeling despaired?

Critical thinking

Theme exploration

It is important for the government to regulate

economic activities in an economy so as to:

1) protect the environment;

2) help people who may be too young, too old,

too ill or otherwise unable;

3) maintain economic stability.


to be continued

Critical thinking

Theme exploration

It is important for the government to allow the market complete freedom:1) Free market economy is driven by individual

innovation and the notion that hard work and creativity will be rewarded by success.

2) It make us strive to do our best, leading to more value creation.


Critical thinking

Theme exploration

How do you understand the following quotes “ 农业生产是我们经济建设的第一位。” and “Mercantilism was dominant in ancient Europe which frequently led to war and also motivated colonial expansion.”?

According to Chairman Mao, the mainstream of the economic construction of China was based on the agricultural industry. The agricultural society, which lasted for several thousand years, exerted a strong influence on the development of the Chinese culture. So, the agricultural economy always has a leading role in China.

to be continued

Critical thinking

Culture exploration

But Marx Weber thought ancient Europeans were characterised as ocean civilization.They cannot be self-sufficent in food and therefore creating overseas colonies. They promoted manufacturing through research or direct subsidies and a large working population was encouraged.

How do you understand the following quotes “ 农业生产是我们经济建设的第一位。” and “Mercantilism was dominant in ancient Europe which frequently led to war and also motivated colonial expansion.”?

Critical thinking

Culture exploration

Q1: What is their top priority as a country

according to US president Obama?Tips

Q2: How is Obama calling on Congress to extend

unemployment benefits ?

Watch a video clip and discuss the questions.

Video Watching

Tips

Critical thinking

Back

Critical thinking

1. What is their top priority as a country

according to US president Obama?

According to Obama, their top priority

should be restoring opportunity and broad-

based economic growth for all Americans.

Critical thinking

According to Obama, unemployment

insurance is one of the most effective ways to

boost the economy. If members of Congress don’t

extend unemployment insurance before they

leave on their vocations, 1.3 million Americans will

lose this lifeline. It won’t only hurt families already

struggling, but also harm US economy.

2. How is Obama calling on Congress to extend unemployment benefits?

to be continued

Critical thinking

The evidence shows that unemployment insurance doesn’t stop people from trying hard to find work. Without the ability to feed their families or pay the bills, many people currently looking for work could stop looking for good. The Americans who are desperately looking for work should be given the help they need so that they can keep on looking.

to be continued


Critical thinking

Finally, he is calling on Congress to make it easier

for business to attract more customers and to

keep doing everything they can to make America

a place where anyone who works hard has a

chance to get ahead.


Critical thinking

Language application

Writing devices

Essay writing

Paragraph translation


Further develop a cause-and-effect essay

When using the writing the technique for cause and effect, we have to consider two strategic points:

(1) Whether we are exploring causes or effects or both;

(2) What is the order of the causes or effects we are going to follow, e.g. from the least to the most important or vice versa.

to be continued

Writing devices

The purpose of cause-and-effect essays

To explain to readers:

the cause of an event or situation;

the effects of an event or situation;

both causes and effects.

to be continued

Writing devices

What should we focus on when writing this type of essay?

The type of essay we write depends on

our topic and main point. If we want to

explain why we moved out of our family

home, our essay would focus on causes. If

we want to tell readers the impact a person

had on our life, our essay would focus on

effects. In this unit, we’d like to draw

students’ attention to effects. to be continued

Writing devices

Four bases checklist for cause-and-effect:

1. About unity

Does the essay have a clearly stated

thesis?

Is there any irrelevant material that should

be eliminated?

to be continued

Writing devices


2. About coherence

Have I used transitional words to help

readers follow my train of thought?

Have I provided a concluding paragraph

to wrap up the essay?

to be continued

Writing devices


3. About sentence skills Have I used consistent point of view

throughout my essay? Have I used specific rather than general

words? Have I avoided wordiness and used concise

wording? Are my sentences varied? Have I checked for spelling and other

sentence skills?

Writing devices

Let’s look at Paragraph 1 &

Paragraphs 7-13 of Text A to see

how cause-and-effect method is

used to develop ideas:

Writing devices

to be continued

Paragraph I is the introduction of the passage, serving as the root cause why so many people experienced long months of struggles when economic slump swept across the nation.

Cause

Analysis of the text

Her loss of income. (Para.7)

Effects Her loss of high living standard. (Para.8)Her unfinished education. (Para.9)Her loss of shelter. (Para.10)Her loss of belief and confidence in life. (Para.11)Her loss of self-esteem. (Paras.12-13)

Writing devices

Read the sample essay

and see how the effects

are developed.

Writing devices

Topic:

Career opportunities created by the

aging population

Introduction:

Thesis statement: The aging population

in America creates career opportunities.

to be continued

Writing devices

Body:Effect 1: Medical and health professions, as well as other professions, are needed.Effect 2: Lawyers are in need.

Effect 3: Businessmen see huge opportunities.

to be continued

Conclusion:The expansion of America’s elderly population will provided good job opportunities in many areas.

Writing devices

Sample:

Old is suddenly in. By 2050, 25 percent of

all Americans will older than 65, up from 14

percent in 1995. The change poses profound

questions for the government and society, of

course. But it also creates career

opportunities in the medical and health

professions, in law, and in business.

to be continued

Writing devices

Sample: Medical and health professions, as well as other professions, are imperatively needed. “In addition to physicians, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, and urban planners,” says professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) school of Gerontology ( 老年学 ). Lawyers can specialize in “elder law”, which covers everything from trusts and estate planning to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination.

to be continued

Writing devices

Sample: Businessmen see huge opportunities in

the elder market because the baby boomers,

74 million strong, are likely to be the

wealthiest group of retirees in human history.

“Any student who combines an expert

knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA

or law degree will have a license to print

money,” one professor says.

to be continued

Writing devices

Sample: Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria”. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”

In short, the expansion of America’s elderly population will provide good job opportunities in many areas.

Writing devices

Writing practice

Directions: Write an essay of no

less than 200 words on one of the

following topics. One topic has an

outline you can follow.

Essay writing

Topic: The effects of getting married in collegeIntroduction: Thesis statement: Getting married in college will bring about dramatic harmful effects on students’ development.Body:Effect 1: Maintaining a marriage would do nothing but disturb students’ pursuit of education.Effect 2: Supposing a family is surely a heavy economic burden to both students and their parents.Effect 3: Raising a child may be difficult for young parents.Conclusion: College students are supposed to achieve academic success, so they should not marry young.

Essay writing

You may adopt the following expressions.

take time and commitmentstrike a balance between study and familyyield negative consequence on their future

career and lifebe not financially independentbe psychologically immature to some

extentbe beyond their capability to handlehave catastrophic effects on their children’s

growth and development

Essay writing

More topics:• The effects of peer pressure• The effects of excessive

packing of products

Essay writing

Translate a paragraph based

on a summary of the text by

using the expressions from

the text.


当经济萧条在全国范围内爆发之后，许多普通工薪阶层的人们几个月来都在苦苦挣扎，正如苏 .约翰逊一样。苏是失业群体的一份子，因为无钱支付房租，她不得不打包收拾自己的东西，离城而去。她即将面临流浪的生活，这在以前是很难想象的，而她在不久前还有着体面的工作，不错的收入，并在商学院攻读研究生。

economic slump

a group of jobless people

life of migrant

pack up

To be continued

decent job


失业保险救济金可以使失业人员不至于形貌落魄，无立锥之地。可一旦收不到失业救济支票，哪怕是像苏这样曾经过着体面富足生活的人，也会日益跌入经济窘迫的深渊。苏一直在不断地努力以摆脱困境，但她还不得不面临失去自己所拥有的一切的残酷事实。尽管困难重重，她仍继续苦苦挣扎着，寻求一缕希望。

a roof over their heads

a ray of hope

tumble over

harsh reality

Samples


Many ordinary working-class people, like Sue Johnson, experienced long months of struggles when the economic slump swept across the nation. Sue was part of a group of jobless people and she had to pack up her belongings and drove out of town for not having money to pay the rent. She faced life of migrant, a previously unimaginable situation for a woman who, not that long before, had had a decent job and a respectable income and been a student in a graduate business school.


Unemployment insurance benefits enabled jobless people to maintain/keep at least an appearance of normalcy, keeping a roof over their heads. But without the checks, people like Sue, who once lived a decent and rich life, began to tumble over the economic cliff. Sue was making great efforts to fight obstacles, but she had to face the harsh reality of losing everything she possessed before. She continued to struggle for a living and to look for a ray of hope, despite her hardship.


Thematic study

Summary

Revision of the useful

expressions

Revision of the functional

patterns


1 偿还贷款2 巨额亏损3 面临着被驱逐的境地4 在一家汽车旅馆落脚5 失业保险救济金

6 不至于形貌落魄

7 立锥之地 / 栖身之所8 前途未卜9 跌入经济窘迫的深渊10 在信心和绝望之间起落不定

repay the loans

drastic losses

face tenant eviction

wind up at a motel

unemployment insurance benefits

maintain at least an appearance of normalcy

a roof over one’s head

face unsure futures

tumble over the economic cliff

go back and forth between resolve and despair

Revision of the useful expressions Language points—Useful expressions

11 一落千丈

12 通过各种渠道求职

13 不断骚扰 14 只有遵从 15 起薪干起的零活 16 医疗保障体系

17 被看成是寄生虫

18 工作指南 19 石沉大海 20 一缕希望

sickening plunge

apply for every possible job in the employment spectrumconstant harassment

job indexes

have no choice but to comply

minimum-wage retail jobs

healthcare safety net

be seen as a parasite

disappear into an invisible world

a ray of hope

Revision of the useful expressions Language points—Useful expressions

Functional Patterns Functions & Usages

1. Sb. wonders if he/she will ever again do sth.


2. Sb. worries about what will happen when...

用于表达“某人对事情的担心”。

3. Sb. knows that in all likelihood…

用于表达“某人对事情的判断”。

Revision of the functional patterns Language points—Useful patterns

The end


3 surviving an economic crisis unit 7 section a foreigh language teaching and research press air...

Documents