TRNG I HC TY KHOA SINH HC NG DNG -----bdfflbd-----

KHA LUN TT NGHIP I HC CHUYN NGNH NUI TRNG THY SN M S : 52620301

NG DNG CNG NGH BIOFLOC TRONG NUI TM TH CHN TRNG

Sinh vin thc hin NGUYN VN KIU MSSV: 0953040018Cn th, 2013i

TRNG I HC TY KHOA SINH HC NG DNG -----bdfflbd-----

KHA LUN TT NGHIP I HC CHUYN NGNH NUI TRNG THY SN M S : 52620301

NG DNG CNG NGH BIOFLOC TRONG NUI TM TH CHN TRNG

Cn b hng dn Sinh vin thc hin Th.s T VN PHNG NGUYN VN KIUMSSV: 0953040018Cn th, 2013ii

XC NHN

ti: ng dng cng ngh Biofloc trong nui tm th chn trng. Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn Vn Kiu Lp: Nui trng thy sn K4 Lun vn c hon thnh theo yu cu ca cn b hng dn v Hi ng bo v lun vn i hc ca Khoa Sinh Hc ng Dng i Hc Ty .

Cn th, ngy ..... thng .... Nm 2013 Cn b hng dn Sinh vin thc hinTh.s T Vn Phng Nguyn Vn KiuCh tch hi ng.........................................iii

LI CM T

Trc ht xin chn thnh cm t Ban Gim Hiu Trng i Hc Ty to mi iu kin thun li trong sut qu trnh hc tp ti trng.Tip n, xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c Khoa Sinh Hc ng Dng Trng i Hc Ty tn tnh dy bo, truyn t cho ti nhng kin thc qy bu v to mi iu kin thun li cho ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp v hon thnh lun vn.Bn cnh , xin chn thnh cm n Ths. T Vn Phng tn tnh du dt, ng vin v truyn t cho ti nhng kin thc qi bu trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti tt nghip.Ti xin chn thnh cm n cha, m v anh ch em gip , ng vin ti trong sut qu trnh hc tp v thc hin ti.Cui cng xin cm n cc bn lp Nui Trng Thy Sn kha 4 cng ti gn b, hc tp v vt qua nhng kh khn trong sut mt chng ng di hc tp.Ti xin chn thnh cm n v ghi nh !Cn th, ngy thng nm 2013Sinh vin thc hinNguyn Vn Kiuiv

TM TT

Nhng nghin cu gn y cho thy cng ngh biofloc em li 3 tc dng kp: x l cht thi, to ngun thc n v h tr cng tc phng bnh. Trong cc ao nui trng thy sn thm canh, vn qun l cht lng nc gp rt nhiu kh khn do lng cht thi hu c, vi lng cht nit v c c c tnh cao i vi thy sinh vt tch t trong qu trnh nui. K thut biofloc c s dng hp thu nhng cht thi ny, duy tr cht lng nc ao tt hn v ti s dng thc n. ti gm 2 th nghim mi th nghim tin hnh trong 30 ngy. Thi gian thy phn Carbohydrate trc khi b sung ln lt l 24h, 36h, 48h. Lng Carbohydrate c b sung nh k theo hm lng TAN th nghim 1 v theo hm lng thc n th nghim 2. th nghim b sung bt go theo TAN th nghim thc c b sung carbohydrate cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc khng b sung carbohydrate, nghim thc thy phn bt go 24 gi cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc khng b sung l 9,5%, nghim thc thy phn bt go 36 gi cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc khng b sung l 14,9%, cn nghim thc thy phn bt go 48 gi cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc khng b sung l 23,1%. nghim thc thy phn bt go 48 gi cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc b sung 24 gi, 36 gi ln lt l 12,3% v 7,1%. th nghim b sung bt go theo thc n th nghim thc c b sung carbohydrate cho t l sng cao hn nghim thc khng b sung carbohydrate t l sng t cao nht nghim thc thy phn bt go 48 gi v cao hn nghim thc khng b sung, thy phn 24 gi v 36 gi ln lt l 14,6%, 2,6% v 1,7%.So snh gia 2 th nghim iu cho t l sng cao nht nghim thc thy phn bt go 48 gi, nhng t l sng th nghim b sung carbohydrate theo TAN thp hn th nghim b sung carbohydrate theo thc n l 16,7%. Nh vy, vic b sung b sung carbohydrate theo thc n l tt nht thi gian thy phn 48 gi, ng thi cho t l sng cao.T kha: Tm th chn trng, Biofloc, cng ngh Biofloc, carbohydrate.

v

MC LC

Trang LI CM T.................................................................................................................... i TM

TT.........................................................................................................................ii MC LC....................................................................................................................... iii

DANH SCH HNH.......................................................................................................vii DANH SCH BNG.....................................................................................................viii

CHNG 1 T VN .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Mc tiu ti.......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Ni dung ti..........................................................................................................2 CHNG 2 LC KHO TI LIU........................................................................... 3

2.1 c im sinh hc.....................................................................................................3 2.2 Hin trng nghin cu v tm th chn trng hin

nay...............................................5 2.3 S lc v cng ngh Biofloc trong nui trng thy sn............................................7 2.4 Cc vn

khc....................................................................................................... 9 CHNG 3 PHNG PHP NGHIN CU............................................................. 12 3.1 Thi gian

v a im..............................................................................................12 3.2 Vt liu nghin cu................................................................................................. 12 3.3 Chun

b th nghim................................................................................................ 12 3.4 Phng phap b tri thi nghim................................................................................ 13 3.5 Cc ch tiu cn theo di......................................................................................... 15 3.6 Chm sc v cho n.................................................................................................17 3.7 Thu hoch............................................................................................................... 17 3.8

Phng php x l s liu....................................................................................... 17 CHNG 4 KT QU V THO LUN................................................................... 18 4.1 Bin ng cc yu t mi trng nc....................................................................

18 4.2 Bin ng mt vi khun......................................................................................26 4.3 Lng v kch c

biofloc hnh thnh....................................................................... 29 4.4 S phat trin va ty l sng cua tm the chn trng................................................... 31 4.5 Xc nh thi gian bt go thch hp.................................................................... 31 4.6 Cac yu t

mi trng th nghim 2........................................................................ 34 4.7 Bin ng mt vi khun......................................................................................42 4.8 Lng v kch c biofloc hnh thnh....................................................................... 44 4.9 S phat trin va ty l sng cua tm the chn trng................................................... 46 4.10 Xac

inh thi gian bt go thch hp.................................................................. 49 CHNG 5 KT LUN V XUT................................................................... 50 5.1 Kt lun.................................................................................................................. 50 5.2

xut................................................................................................................... 50 PH LC...............................................................................................................A

vi

DANH SCH HNH

Trang Hnh 2.1. Hnh dng ngoi ca tm th chn trng..................................................... 3 Hnh 4.1. Bin ng kim trong th nghim 1...................................................... 18 Hnh 4.2. Bin ng c trong th nghim 1........................................................ 19 Hnh 4.3. Bin ng hm lng TAN trong th nghim 1......................................... 20 Hnh 4.4. Bin ng hm lng NO2

- trong th nghim 1........................................ 21 Hnh 4.5. Bin ng hm lng NO3

- trong th nghim........................................... 22 Hnh 4.6. Bin ng hm lng D.TN trong th nghim 1........................................ 23 Hnh 4.7. Bin ng hm lng TSS trong th nghim 1.......................................... 24 Hnh 4.8. Bin ng hm lng VSS trong th nghim 1.......................................... 24 Hnh 4.9. Bin ng mt vi khun tng trong th nghim 1.................................. 26 Hnh 4.10. Bin ng mt vi khun Vibrio trong th nghim 1.............................26 Hnh 4.11. Bin ng t l mt vi khun Vibrio trn mt vi khun tng 1.......27 Hnh 4.12. Bin ng khong di nht ca ht biofloc trong th nghim 1................ 28 Hnh 4.13. Bin ng khong ngn nht ca ht biofloc trong th nghim 1............. 29 Hnh 4.14. Bin ng lng Biofloc trong th nghim 1........................................... 30 Hnh 4.15. Bin ng khi lng tm trong th nghim 1......................................... 30 Hnh 4.16. Bin ng chiu di tm trong th nghim 1............................................ 31 Hnh 4.17. Bin ng kim trong th nghim 2.................................................... 34 Hnh 4.18. Bin ng c trong th nghim 2..................................................... 35 Hnh 4.19. Bin ng hm lng TAN trong th nghim 2..................................... 36 Hnh 4.20. Bin ng hm lng NO2

- trong th nghim 2.....................................37 Hnh 4.21. Bin ng hm lng NO3

- trong th nghim 2.....................................37 Hnh 4.22. Bin ng hm lng D.TN trong th nghim 2.................................... 38 Hnh 4.23. Bin ng hm lng TSS trong th nghim 2.......................................39 Hnh 4.24. Bin ng hm

lng VSS trong th nghim 2...................................... 40 Hnh 4.25. Bin ng mt vi khun tng trong th nghim 2.............................. 41 Hnh 4.26. Bin ng mt vi khun Vibrio trong th nghim 2.............................42 Hnh 4.27. Bin ng t l mt vi khun Vibrio trn mt vi khun tng 2........42 Hnh 4.28. Bin ng khong di nht ca ht biofloc trong th nghim 2................ 43 Hnh 4.29. Bin ng khong ngn nht ca ht biofloc trong th nghim 2............. 44 Hnh 4.30. Bin ng lng Biofloc trong th nghim 2........................................... 44 Hnh 4.31. Bin ng khi lng tm trong th nghim 2......................................... 45 Hnh 4.32. Bin ng chiu di tm trong th nghim 2............................................ 46vii

DANH SCH BNG

Bng 3.1. Hm lng carbohydrate v m trong nguyn liu.................................. 12 Bng 3.2. Phng php b tr th nghim 1............................................................... 13 Bng 3.3. Phng php b tr th nghim 2............................................................... 14 Bng 3.4. Cc ch tiu cn xc nh trong th nghim ...............................................15 Bng 4.1. Bin ng nhit (oC) trong th nghim 1...............................................17 Bng 4.2. Bin ng pH trong th nghim 1.............................................................. 17 Bng 4.3. T l sng (%) ca tm th chn trng trong th nghim 1........................ 32 Bng 4.4. Bin ng nhit (oC) trong th nghim 2...............................................33 Bng 4.5. Bin ng pH trong th nghim 2.............................................................. 33 Bng 4.6. T l sng (%) ca tm th chn trng trong th nghim 2........................ 46viii

CHNG 1

T VN Gii thiu Nui trng thy sn l mt ngnh cng nghip quan trng h tr cho nhu cu protein ca con ngi v s ng mt vai tr quan trng hn khi dn s ton cu tip tc tng (Jackson, 2007). cho nui trng thy sn ngy cng pht trin, ngnh cng nghip s cn phi pht trin cng ngh m s tng tnh bn vng kinh t v mi trng. Nu ngnh cng nghip thnh cng c c ngun nguyn liu r hn nguyn liu thay th cho bt c h c th lm gim chi ph thc n trong khi lm gim tc ng ca thy sn t nhin. Chi ph thc n c th chim 50% chi ph hot ng (Wyk v ctv, 1999.) Trong khi , thy sn t nhin l nhng xu hng b khai thc qu mc nn n s khng bn vng (Tacon et al, 2006;. Naylor et al, 2009).Trong mi trng ao nui lun c s hin din ca cc vi khun d dng. Chng c kh nng ng ha cc cht thi hu c v chuyn thnh sinh khi ca vi khun (thng rt giu protein) trong thi gian cc ngn m khng cn nh sng nh cc loi to (Phm Vn Hi, 2012). Cng ngh biofloc (BFT) da vo s pht trin ca qun th vi khun d dng pht trin trong ao nui kim sot cht lng nc, to iu kin thun li cc vi khun d dng pht trin mnh bng cch: b sung ngun (C) vo mi trng ao cn i vi hm lng N c sn, duy tr mc khuy o nc trong ao v hm lng oxy ha tan thch hp (Phm Vn Hi, 2012). Cc nghin cu mi nht cn cho thy vi khun c kh nng to poly-- hydroxybutyrate l cht siu khng cc vi khun gy bnh. Nh vy c th thy cng ngh biofloc em li 3 tc dng: (i) x l cht thi, (ii) to ngun thc n v (iii) h tr cng tc phng bnh. V vy, vic nghin cu ng dng cng ngh Biofloc trong nui tm th chn trng (Litopenaeus vannamei) c thc hin.1.2 Mc tiu ti ng dng cng ngh Biofloc vo qu trnh nui tm th chn trng nhm ci thin mi trng nui cng nh nng cao cht lng tm nui, hn ch thay nc, t gp phn lm cho ngh nui tm th chn trng Vit Nam ni chung v BSCL ni ring ngy cng pht trin.A

1.3 Ni dung ti Nghin cu thi gian thy phn carbohydrate n sinh trng v t l sng ca tm th chn trng.

Nghin cu tm ra phng thc b sung carbohydrate thch hp theo TAN hay thc n.B