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3:0 0 2:5 9 2:5 8 2:5 7 2:5 6 2:5 5 2:5 4 2:5 3 2:5 2 2:5 1 2:5 0 2:4 9 2:4 8 2:4 7 2:4 6 2:4 5 2:4 4 2:4 3 2:4 2 2:4 1 2:4 0 2:3 9 2:3 8 2:3 7 2:3 6 2:3 5 2:3 4 2:3 3 2:3 2 2:3 1 2:3 0 2:2 9 2:2 8 2:2 7 2:2 6 2:2 5 2:2 4 2:2 3 2:2 2 2:2 1 2:2 0 2:1 9 2:1 8 2:1 7 2:1 6 2:1 5 2:1 4 2:1 3 2:1 2 2:1 1 2:1 0 2:0 9 2:0 8 2:0 7 2:0 6 2:0 5 2:0 4 2:0 3 2:0 2 2:0 1 2:0 0 1:5 9 1:5 8 1:5 7 1:5 6 1:5 5 1:5 4 1:5 3 1:5 2 1:5 1 1:5 0 1:4 9 1:4 8 1:4 7 1:4 6 1:4 5 1:4 4 1:4 3 1:4 2 1:4 1 1:4 0 1:3 9 1:3 8 1:3 7 1:3 6 1:3 5 1:3 4 1:3 3 1:3 2 1:3 1 1:3 0 1:2 9 1:2 8 1:2 7 1:2 6 1:2 5 1:2 4 1:2 3 1:2 2 1:2 1 1:2 0 1:1 9 1:1 8 1:1 7 1:1 6 1:1 5 1:1 4 1:1 3 1:1 2 1:1 1 1:1 0 1:0 9 1:0 8 1:0 7 1:0 6 1:0 5 1:0 4 1:0 3 1:0 2 1:0 1 1:0 0 0:5 9 0:5 8 0:5 7 0:5 6 0:5 5 0:5 4 0:5 3 0:5 2 0:5 1 0:5 0 0:4 9 0:4 8 0:4 7 0:4 6 0:4 5 0:4 4 0:4 3 0:4 2 0:4 1 0:4 0 0:3 9 0:3 8 0:3 7 0:3 6 0:3 5 0:3 4 0:3 3 0:3 2 0:3 1 0:3 0 0:2 9 0:2 8 0:2 7 0:2 6 0:2 5 0:2 4 0:2 3 0:2 2 0:2 1 0:2 0 0:1 9 0:1 8 0:1 7 0:1 6 0:1 5 0:1 4 0:1 3 0:1 2 0:1 1 0:1 0 0:0 9 0:0 8 0:0 7 0:0 6 0:0 5 0:0 4 0:0 3 0:0 2 0:0 1 0:0 0 0:0 0 0:0 0 0:0 0 0:0 0 0:0 0 0:0 0 Do Now • Hw: Bond Type worksheet • Draw electron dot diagrams for the following atoms: Hydrogen Oxygen

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Page 1: 3:00 2:59 2:58 2:57 2:56 2:55 2:54 2:53 2:52 2:51 2:50 2:49 2:48 2:47 2:46 2:45 2:44 2:43 2:42 2:41 2:40 2:39 2:38 2:37 2:36 2:35 2:34 2:33 2:32 2:31 2:30

3:003:002:592:592:582:582:572:572:562:562:552:552:542:542:532:532:522:522:512:512:502:502:492:492:482:482:472:472:462:462:452:452:442:442:432:432:422:422:412:412:402:402:392:392:382:382:372:372:362:362:352:352:342:342:332:332:322:322:312:312:302:302:292:292:282:282:272:272:262:262:252:252:242:242:232:232:222:222:212:212:202:202:192:192:182:182:172:172:162:162:152:152:142:142:132:132:122:122:112:112:102:102:092:092:082:082:072:072:062:062:052:052:042:042:032:032:022:022:012:012:002:001:591:591:581:581:571:571:561:561:551:551:541:541:531:531:521:521:511:511:501:501:491:491:481:481:471:471:461:461:451:451:441:441:431:431:421:421:411:411:401:401:391:391:381:381:371:371:361:361:351:351:341:341:331:331:321:321:311:311:301:301:291:291:281:281:271:271:261:261:251:251:241:241:231:231:221:221:211:211:201:201:191:191:181:181:171:171:161:161:151:151:141:141:131:131:121:121:111:111:101:101:091:091:081:081:071:071:061:061:051:051:041:041:031:031:021:021:011:011:001:000:590:590:580:580:570:570:560:560:550:550:540:540:530:530:520:520:510:510:500:500:490:490:480:480:470:470:460:460:450:450:440:440:430:430:420:420:410:410:400:400:390:390:380:380:370:370:360:360:350:350:340:340:330:330:320:320:310:310:300:300:290:290:280:280:270:270:260:260:250:250:240:240:230:230:220:220:210:210:200:200:190:190:180:180:170:170:160:160:150:150:140:140:130:130:120:120:110:110:100:100:090:090:080:080:070:070:060:060:050:050:040:040:030:030:020:020:010:010:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:000:00Do Now

• Hw: Bond Type worksheet• Draw electron dot diagrams for the following

atoms:

Hydrogen Oxygen

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• Imagine a tug of war between two hydrogen atoms to form a diatomic molecule of hydrogen (H2)o How does the pull of one hydrogen atom on

electrons compare to the pull of another hydrogen atom on electrons?

oWhat would happen during a tug of war over valence electrons between two hydrogen atoms?

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• covalent bondingo Occurs when electrons are shared between atoms

• When it comes to covalent bonding, “sharing is pairing.”o Unpaired electrons pair in such a way that each

atom completes its outer shell.• Draw electron dot diagrams for each of the

hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen molecule.o How many electrons does each hydrogen need to

complete its outer shell?

• The hydrogens are bonded because they are holding on to the same electrons.

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• Covalent Practice– Water

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• It’s obvious that sodium and chlorine bond is ionic– because sodium is a very active metal– chlorine is a very active nonmetal

• It is obvious that diatomic molecules such as H2 contain covalent bonds – two identical atoms have the same pull on electrons

• But what type of bond is found between hydrogen and oxygen in water?o Oxygen is a nonmetal.o Hydrogen, being at the top of the family, is a metalloid.o They are not as different as sodium and chlorine, nor

are they as similar as two hydrogens.• Some measure is needed to show how different

atoms’ pulls on electrons are. It iselectronegativity.

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• The most metallic element is . . . o Its electronegativity is . . .

• The most nonmetallic element is . . . o Its electronegativity is . . .

• The electronegativity difference is . . .THIS IS THE LARGEST ELECTRONEGATIVITY THIS IS THE LARGEST ELECTRONEGATIVITY

DIFFERENCE POSSIBLE.DIFFERENCE POSSIBLE.

francium.0.7, the lowest.

flourine.4.0, the highest.

3.33.3

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• The largest electronegativity difference possible is that between francium and fluorine. It is 3.3o This represents the greatest ionic character.

• The smallest electronegativity possible is that found within diatomic molecules or between other very similar atoms. It is 0o This represents the least ionic character.

• The midpoint is about …o This represents 50 percent ionic character.o It is the dividing line between ionic and covalent.o An electronegativity difference of 1.7 or more

represents an ionic bond. Less than 1.7 is covalent.

1.7

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• Fill in the table below to determine the bond type in water:

• The electronegativity difference is less than 1.7

• The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen are covalent.

Element Electronegativity

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Electronegativity Difference

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• Not all covalent bonds are created equal.o In the bond between chlorine atoms in a chlorine molecule (Cl2), the

electronegativity difference is 0.0, and the atoms share equally.o In a hydrogen chloride (HCl) molecule, the electronegativity difference

is not 0.0, and the atoms don’t share equally. Fill in the table below:

• The bond is covalent, but the atoms don’t share equally. Chlorine is more electronegative. It has a stronger pull on electrons.o The shared electrons will be displaced closer to the chlorine.o This will make the charge on the chlorine side of the bond slightly

negative, and on the hydrogen side of the bond slightly positive.

Element Electronegativity

Chlorine

Hydrogen

Electronegativity Difference

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• In hydrogen chloride the hydrogen side of the bond is slightly positive, and the chloride side of the bond is slightly negative.

• The earth has opposite ends just like thehydrogen chloride molecule. The opposite ends of the earth are called . . .

• The adjective used to describe the bears living at the poles is . . .

• Bonds with oppositely charged ends are called polar bonds.

NN

SS

poles.

polar.

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• Three types of chemical bonds:o ionic,o polar covalent, ando nonpolar covalent

• Bond type is determined by electronegativity difference.

0.0 0.4 1.7

Covalent Ionic

Nonpolar Polar

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Regents Questions

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Regents Questions

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Regents Questions

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Regents Questions

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Regents Questions

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Regents Questions

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