3.1: Modeling the Planet3.1: Modeling the Planet

Modeling the PlanetModeling the Planet

MapsMaps

Globe 3D, hard to fold.Globe 3D, hard to fold.

Map 2D, contains distortion.Map 2D, contains distortion.

Cartographers - map makers.Cartographers - map makers.

Map ProjectionsMap Projections

Representations from a sphere to a flat Representations from a sphere to a flat surface.surface.

Mercator ProjectionsMercator Projections

Gnomonic ProjectionGnomonic Projection

Polyconic ProjectionPolyconic Projection

Map ScalesMap Scales

The scale of the map tells you how the The scale of the map tells you how the map’s features compare in size with the map’s features compare in size with the earth’s surface.earth’s surface.

How do map projections distort Earth’s surface?How do map projections distort Earth’s surface?

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0301/es0301page01.cfm

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude

Hemispheres “Hemispheres “Hemi” means half.Hemi” means half.

Equator Equator Divides N and S hemispheres.Divides N and S hemispheres.

Prime Meridian Prime Meridian Divides E and W Divides E and W hemispheres.hemispheres.

Latitude Latitude 1 min of Lat = 60 nm or… 1 min of Lat = 60 nm or…

Longitude Longitude Converges towards the poles.Converges towards the poles.

1. Label the four contiguous US time zones: Eastern (the eastern US), Central (just west of the eastern time zone), Mountain (between Central and Pacific), and Pacific (the far-western US). The contiguous US time zones are one hour apart; for example, if it is 1:00 in Pacific Time, it is 2:00 in Mountain time, 3:00 in Central time, and 4:00 in Eastern time.

2. If it is 12:00 in Central time, label the time in all the other time zones. 3. What time zone is your state in?___________________________ 4. Label Canada (the country north of the USA) and Mexico (the country south of the USA). 5. Label the Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico.6. How far is it from the Atlantic to the Pacific?7. Going from the West to East Coast do you gain or lose time?8. Do you lose or gain when going to Hawaii from L.A.?9. If you traveled to the west and crossed the International Date Line into Asia what would

happen to the time and date?

1. Draw a red line along the equator (0 degrees latitude). 2. Draw a purple line along the Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude). 3. In which ocean is the location 10 degrees S latitude, 75 degrees E longitude located? Mark it on the map with a blue "X" and write the name of the ocean. 4. In which ocean is the location 30 degrees N latitude, 60 degrees W longitude located? Mark it on the map with a blue "Y" and write the name of the ocean.

5. Mark the following cities on the map in red: B. Beijing: 40°N, 116°EC. Cairo: 30°N, 31°ECT. Cape Town: 34°S, 18°EH. Hong Kong: 22°N, 114°EJ. Jakarta: 6°S, 106°ELA. Los Angeles: 34°N, 118°WLI. Lima: 12°S, 77°WLO. London: 51°N, 0°WMC. Mexico City: 19°N, 99°WMO. Moscow: 55°N, 37°EMU. Mumbai: 19°N, 72°ENA. Nairobi: 1°S, 37°ENO. New Orleans: 30°N, 90°WNY. New York: 40°N, 74°WR, Rio de Janeiro: 23°S, 43°WSE. Seattle: 47°N, 122°WSY. Sydney: 34°S, 151°ETK. Tokyo: 35°N, 139°ET. Toronto: 43°N, 79°W

QuizQuiz1. Globes are not flat. They are considered 1. Globes are not flat. They are considered ___ dimensional.___ dimensional.2. Of the three map projections discussed, 2. Of the three map projections discussed, which would show a polar region best?which would show a polar region best?3. Which shows your position north of the 3. Which shows your position north of the Equator, Latitude or Longitude?Equator, Latitude or Longitude?4. What do we call the zero degree line of 4. What do we call the zero degree line of Longitude?Longitude?5. What do we look for on a map to figure 5. What do we look for on a map to figure out how many miles one inch equals?out how many miles one inch equals?

4.2: Earth’s Rotation4.2: Earth’s Rotation

Evidence for RotationEvidence for Rotation

In 1851 Jean Foucault showed that In 1851 Jean Foucault showed that the earth rotated using a pendulum.the earth rotated using a pendulum.

Pendulum demoPendulum demo

http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/Environmental%20Science/course%20files/multimedia/noaa/lesson08/l8ex1.htm

Axis and Rate of RotationAxis and Rate of Rotation

Effects of RotationEffects of Rotation

Day and night.Day and night.

Measuring timeMeasuring time

Standard time zonesStandard time zones

International Date LineInternational Date Line

How do latitude and longitude coordinates help us How do latitude and longitude coordinates help us see patterns on Earth?”see patterns on Earth?”

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0303/es0303page01.cfm?chapter_no=investigation

Pass out Lat & Long maps… Pass out Lat & Long maps…

3.3: Topographic Maps3.3: Topographic Maps

QuizQuiz1. T / F Pendulums can prove that the Earth 1. T / F Pendulums can prove that the Earth is really rotating.is really rotating.2. The North and South Pole are where the 2. The North and South Pole are where the Earth rotates on its ___________Earth rotates on its ___________3. Since it takes 24 hours for the Earth to 3. Since it takes 24 hours for the Earth to rotate, it is divided up into ____ time zones.rotate, it is divided up into ____ time zones.4. Time zones divide hours, the International 4. Time zones divide hours, the International Date Line divides ______Date Line divides ______

Topographic MapsTopographic Maps

Topographic maps show topography – Topographic maps show topography – surface featuressurface features

Contour linesContour lines

Contour intervalContour interval

Slope and Slope and

elevationelevation

Earth's Varied TopographyEarth's Varied Topography

http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0307/es0307page01.cfm?chapter_no=03

Stereoscope activityStereoscope activity

QuizQuiz1. T / F Topographic maps show us the 1. T / F Topographic maps show us the surface features of the Earth.surface features of the Earth.2. Why are contour lines always level(flat)?2. Why are contour lines always level(flat)?3. Closely spaced contour line show us what 3. Closely spaced contour line show us what kind of slope - steep / gradual ?kind of slope - steep / gradual ?4. The color blue on a topographical map 4. The color blue on a topographical map represents?represents?5. Why do we have magnetic declination?5. Why do we have magnetic declination?

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