3.11 sar gutirrez
TRANSCRIPT
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts
Presented by
Julio Gutiérrez Martín / Mission Systems Engineer
Technology and Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
INTA – June 1st, 2011
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
0- Index
Page 2
1. Presentation
2. Maritime Patrol / ASW Airborne Radar Integrations
3. Mission Requirements Evolution
4. SAR Platform Integration
5. Functional & Operative Concept
6. Future Trends / New Requirements
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
1.1- Presentation
Page 3
Julio Gutiérrez Martín
• Mission Systems / Aeronautics Engineer in
(formerly EADS-CASA) since 2001
• Força Aérea Brasileira P-3BR program
• RADAR / IFF interrogator system
• Ejercito del Aire P-3M upgrade program
• RADAR / IFF interrogator system
• IFF transponder/ETCAS
• Other programs, assisting in Radar/IFF interrogator integrations.
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
1.1- Presentation (ii)
• Main Tasks as Mission Systems Eng in AiM:
• Customer requirements evaluation
• Supplier equipment selection / specification
• Installation / Integration / Functional requirements
• Tests design and execution: Laboratory / Ground
• Flight Tests specialist (in flight evaluation/acceptance)
• NATO and Spanish Armed Forces exercises participation during P-3M
Operative Evaluation
NOBLE MANTA (Sicily, feb/2006)
BRILLIANT MIDAS (Nîmes, oct/2006)
Page 4
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
1.2- EADS Main Business Divisions
Page 5
Airbus MilitaryAirbus
Freighter
Passenger Aircraft Military Transport
MRTT
Eurocopter
Civil Helicopters
Military Helicopters
Mission Aircraft
Astrium
Astrium Satellites
Astrium
Space Transportation
EADS CASA
Espacio
Astrium
Services
EADS Defence & Security
Military Air Systems
Missiles (MBDA+LFK)
Defence Electronics
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1.3- EADS Activities in Spain
Page 6
EADS CASA
Astrium Space SA Airbus SpainEurocopter Spain
Eurofighter:
Flight Tests
Final
Assembly
Deliveries
Design and
manufacturing
of right wing
87 units for the
SAF / 620 in
total
Civil :
Marketing
Logistic Support
Military
Superpuma,
Cougar and Tiger:
Subcontractor
Development and
structure prod.
Logistic Support
Satellites and antennae
Advanced materials
Launchers:
Payload adapters
Separation
Systems
Structures
Ariane 4 and 5
Leader within EADS incarbon fiber and specialised in HTP:
A300/310A318/319/320/321A330/340 10% in A380:HTPBelly fairings and rudder-fuselage fairingSection 19
EADS
AIRBUSEUROCOPTERASTRIUM
C212
CN235
C295
A400M
Mission Aircraft
FITS
Airbus Military
Derivatives
Aerostructures
Airbus Military Defence and
Security
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
1.4- Airbus Military Product Range
Page 7
Multi Role Tanker Transport ServicesMission Aircraft (MPA,
MMSA, SIGINT)
Complete family of Military
Transport Aircraft
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.- Maritime Patrol / ASW Airborne Radar Integrations
AIRBUS Military experience in MP/ASW
Page 8
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
Irish Corps Persuader CN235 PoAF C295 – VIMAR
FITS Demonstrator Persuader II C295 CN235 Guardia Civil
P3M Ejercito del Aire CN235 Ejercito del Aire SAR
SASEMAR CN235 Armada Chile C295 ASW / ASuW
C212 Marina Mexicana CN235 Armada México
Deepwater Ocean Sentry CN235 CN235 Colombia
Força Aérea Brasileira P3BR
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.1- Irish Corps CN235
• Airbus Military first MPA product
• Mission System developed by CASA
• Litton Search Radar (not SAR capable)
Page 9
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.2- C295 Persuader - FITS Demonstrator
Former CASA first FITS equiped MPA product
• R&D programme
• FITS Mission System
• Search Radar Raytheon SeaVue: SAR, ISAR capability
Page 10
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español
Page 11
First Airbus Military Fully MPA/ASW Capable Aircraft
• 5 Mission Systems Consoles (FITS)
• Search Radar / IFF interrogator (ELTA EL/M 2022) + (INDRA CIT)
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (ii)
Page 12
First Airbus Military Fully MPA/ASW Capable Aircraft
• 5 Mission Systems Consoles (FITS)
• Search Radar / IFF interrogator (ELTA EL/M 2022) + (INDRA CIT)
Multimode Radar capabilities:
o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, Moving Target
o Imaging Modes: DBS Zoom & Spot SAR
o Classification Modes: RS, ISAR, CSAR
• Other sensors suite for ASW/MPA functions:
Acoustics, ESM, MAD, FLIR
Upgraded Comms and Navigation
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2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (iii)
Page 13
Twin antenna configuration:
• Forward antenna: 240º
• Rear antenna: 120º
• Switching Unit, makes
possible using 1 transmitter &
1 receiver.
• Behaves as a 360º antenna
Radar
• IMU mounted on forward
antenna
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (iv)
Page 14
REAR ANTENNANOSE ANTENNA
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2.4- C212 Marina Mexico
Page 15
• 1 Mission System Console (FITS)
• Search Radar (Raytheon SeaVue)
• EO/IR
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.5- CN235 SASEMAR
Page 16
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
360º belly
mounted
search
radar
• Mission System (FITS)
• Search Radar (OceanEye
Telephonics)
• Antipollution System (including SLAR
Side Looking Airborne Radar)
• EO/IR
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.6- C295 Portuguese Air Force
Page 17
360º belly
mounted
search radar
Nose mounted
Navigation radar
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
• Mission System (FITS)
• EO/IR
• Search Radar (EL/M 2022 ELTA)
Multimode Radar capabilities:
o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, MTI
o Imaging Modes: Scan/Spot SAR
o Classification Modes: RS, ISAR, CSAR
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2.7- C295 ASuW/ASW Chilean Navy
Page 18
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
C295 ASW: First Airbus Military ASW certified Aircraft
• First ASW type designed and certified in Europe entering service
since the 1960’s Bréguet Atlantic.
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.7- C295 ASuW/ASW Chilean Navy (ii)
Page 19
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
1 ASuW / 2 ASW: First Airbus Military ASW certified Aircraft
• Search Radar / IFF interrogator (ELTA EL/M 2022) + (INDRA CIT)
Multimode Radar capabilities:
o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, Moving Target
o Imaging Modes: Scan/Spot/Strip SAR, GMTI over SAR
o Classification Modes: RS, ISAR, CSAR
o ISAR Autoclassification
• Other sensors suite for ASW/MPA functions:
Acoustics, ESM, MAD, FLIR
Tactical Data Link
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2.8- Other Radar SAR capable integrations
Page 20
Deepwater Ocean Sentry CN235 APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics
CN235 Guardia Civil APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics
CN235 Ejercito del Aire SAR APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics
Força Aérea Brasileira P3BR EL/M 2022 ELTA
CN235-200 Armada México APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
3.- Mission Requirements Evolution
Page 21
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Page 22
3.- Mission Requirements Evolution
SAR
MissionsRADAR capabilities
Basic MPA /ASW
Requirements:•Detection•Small targets•Long Range•etc
Synthetic Aperture
Radar Techniques
SAR MODESEvolution of MPA/ASW
Requirements:
• Identification of targets
• Discrimination of targets
• Classfication!
RADAR SEARCH MODES
RADAR CLASS MODES (ISAR, etc)
MPA / ASW missions
Imaging
Requirements:•Resolution•Size•Range
TWS capable, higher # of plots,
etc
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Page 23
3.- Mission Requirements Evolution
MPA / ASW
missions
Increased capabi-
lities (# plots, TWS, etc)
MPA / ASW missions
Extended MPA / ASW
Missions: Reconnaissance, IMINT, etc
Additional MPA /ASW
Requirements:• Tactical imaging
• Ground moving targets
• Strategic imaging
(reconnaissance, IMINT)
Detection
Capabilities
Classification
modes
SAR imaging
capabilites
RADAR capabilities
MPA /ASW
Requirements•Detect/small/long range
•Identify/Classify
Detection
Capabilities
SAR Modes
SAR
Missions
Classification modes
(Inverse SAR, Class SAR, etc)
Detection
modes
Computing
Breakthroughs
Synthetic Aperture Radar
technology
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
4.- SAR Platform Integration
Synthetic Aperture Radar techniques require focus on:
• Navigation system becomes dramatically relevant:
1. Accuracies (speeds, angular rates), Lattencies
2. Avionics sometimes not capable of answering such a demanding
specification:
Avionics-Radar shared units vs. Radar dedicated units
3. Sometimes secondary Inertial Motion Unit is required
• Antenna alignment / instalation:
• Close to miliradian accuracy
• Installation tolerances (worse case) / Final installation measurement
(best case)
Page 24
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4.1- Navigation Data Latency
• Required latency can determine avionics architecture
• Tipically, maximum value of ~20 miliseconds
Page 25
Radar INS-GPSBus
Controller
Sensor i
Equipment j
Comms i
Comms j
Example of architecture
SENSORS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)
COMMUNICATIONS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)
Process / package
RT to BC transaction
BT to RT transaction
Data direction
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4.1- Navigation Data Latency (ii)
• Time required for data to arrive to destination may be too long!
• In the example, INS-GPS must be changed to SENSORS BUS
Page 26
Radar
INS-GPS
Bus Controller
Sensor i
Equipment j
Comms i
Comms j
Example of architecture
SENSORS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)
COMMUNICATIONS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)
RT to RT transaction
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
4.2- SAR Platform Integration: secondary IMU
Structural vibrations may spoil INS sensing quality!
• Extense platforms might vibrate (distance vs flexibility: dynamics)
• No need in rigid enough INS-Antenna systems.
Page 27
Length: 35.57 meters
Wingspan: 30.36 meters
P3 Orion
Nose mounted ANTENNA
INS/EGI #1/#2units
~8-10 meters
RequiredINERTIAL MOTION
COMPESATION UNIT
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Belly mounted ANTENNA
INS/EGI #1(#2)units
4.2- SAR Platform Integration: secondary IMU (ii)
Structural vibrations may spoil INS sensing quality!
• Extense platforms might vibrate (distance vs flexibility: dynamics)
• No need in rigid enough INS-Antenna systems.
Page 28
Length: 21,40 meters
Wingspan: 25,81 meters
CN235
~1 meter
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4.3- SAR Platform Integration: Dedicated units?
• Navigation systems already present in Avionics suites
• Since first developments Navigation interface to Radar is present
• Heading: for PPI north alignment
• Altitude: for Auto Tilt function
• Speed, etc…
• Natural tendency: using “green aircraft”/avionics navigation source
for fulfilling Radar functional needs.
• Each time higher requirements from Radar functionalities create
more integration links (Radar Avionics)
• Posible solution: installation of Dedicated Navigation Source for
airborne Radar Systems.
Page 29
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4.3- SAR Platform Integration: Dedicated units? (ii)
Page 30
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
4.4- SAR Platform Integration: Antenna alignment
After antenna is fitted to airframe: bore sight alignment
• For correct target position - not high precission required
• SAR: good alignment of speed vector and antenna pointing
• Better than 3mrads alignment (for ~1-3m resolution)
• If not good alignment => blurred images / “folds”
• Two main methods for alignment
Get antenna reference plane aligned (screws, plates)
mechanically
Measure bore sight misalignment angles SW correction
Page 31
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4.4- SAR Platform Integration: Antenna alignment(ii)
If not good alignment =>
blurred images / “folds”
• Example of image taken
before measuring antenna
bore sight angles.
• Note the “folds” in the image.
(Horizontal blurs are windmills turning)
Page 32
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4.5- SAR Platform Integration: Posible problems
Example: sensitivity of data required by the Radar: INS distorted
by own cooling fan:
Page 33
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1
Pitch
Rate
(D
egre
es/s
)
Time
ROLL RATE
WITH FAN OFFWITH FAN ON
• High amplitude vibrations
generated in the antenna
• Image quality severely
compromised
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
1
Pitch
Rate
(D
egre
es/s
)
Time
ROLL RATE
4.5- SAR Platform Integration: Posible problems (ii)
Example: sensitivity of data required by the Radar: INS distorted
by own cooling fan solved with isolation SILENT BLOCKS
Page 34
Original FAN installation Modified FAN installation
Image qualitiy achieved, antenna spureous vibration removed
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.- Functional / Operative Concept
Page 35
• SAR imaging missions are not like ASW/ASuW/MPA missions!
• Very different flight profiles, but compatible:
• An ASW/MPA capable aircraft is usually capable of achieving SAR
objectives (NOT THE OPPOSITE!)
ASW/MPA’s endurance: valuable asset
Not need to hard manouvering (on the contrary)
• New procedures and functionalities desirable:
• SAR optimized flight planning
• Recording and retrieving facility
• Coverage assesment
• Communications: data link
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.1- Functional / Operative Concept: Multimission
Page 36
A good ASW/MPA platform can perform SAR imaging missions
• Search Radars become multimode Radars
• Basic functions (sometimes already there) enable the A/C for
SAR, as video / image recording.
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions
Page 37
• SAR missions involve
Tactical Imaging
SAR reconnaissance
Ground MTI over SAR image (GMTI)
Strategic Imaging – IMINT
• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA
• High & constant speed; constant course, altitude and attitude.
• Side-looking coverage (-30 / +15 typical tilt coverage)
• Medium – high altitude (from ~3-5kft)
• Not overflying target
• Medium (even long) range (10NM to 80-100NM), limited by antenna
gain (size) and grazing angle
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5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions
Page 38
• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA:
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5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions
Page 39
• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA:
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5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions
Page 40
• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA:
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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples
Page 41
CSAR image
3m resolution
target @8 NM
2D image
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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (ii)
Page 42
ISAR image
(+Range signature)
1m resolution
2s Integration time
target @10 NM
16684 ft
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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (iii)
Page 43
ISAR image (inverse video)
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Page 44
Double ISAR image of two
close targets (merchants)
3m resolution
targets @43 NM
20096ft
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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (iv)
© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Page 45
Spot SAR image
1m resolution
target @23.31NM
(Tabarca island,
Mediterranean sea)
19880ft
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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (v)
© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (vi)
Page 46
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
Aircraft Landing
over SAR image
Tactical system symbology
shows own A/C over the
runway during landing, a
star (local mark) shows
the landing (WOW) point.
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (vii)
Page 47
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
Aircrafts on Air Base
Ramp
1m resolution
image center @~10.86 NM
24452 ft
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (viii)
Page 48
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
Karting close to airport
1m resolution
image center @~30 NM
20400 ft
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (ix)
Page 49
SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011
VOR array close to
airport (Ciudad Real)
1m resolution
image center @~51 NM
29840 ft
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
5.4- Functional / Operative Concept: FITS
Page 50
• FITS is the Airbus Military core
solution for Integrated
Surveillance & Security
Airborne Mission Systems
• FITS is currently used for
Maritime Surveillance, ASW,
and Environmental Protection
applications
• FITS is integrated in Airbus
Military aircrafts (C-212, CN-
235, C-295) and others (P-3) for
national and international
programs
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5.4- Functional / Operative Concept: FITS (ii)
• Today the FITS is in Operation and Production for more than 50 aircrafts
under different contracts awarded to Airbus Military in the period of 2004
to 2009
Page 51
Single FITS Console on
Mexican Navy C-212
Cockpit-Controlled FITS on
US CG HC-144ASpanish Air Force P-3M
Spanish Maritime Safety
(SASEMAR) CN-235
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5.6- Current FITS customers are:
• Spanish Government:
• Ejército del Aire (Air Force)
• SASEMAR
• Guardia Civil
• US Coast Guard
• Brazilian Air Force
• Mexican Navy
• Chilean Navy
• Portuguese Air Force
• Colombian Navy
• Irish Air Corps
Page 52
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6.- Future Trends / New Requirements
• Future trends
• Foliage penetration: P band sensors?
• GMTI
• IMIT capabilities: management of images (both offline and online)
Page 53
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© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
© 2011 AIRBUS. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery
of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS. This document and its content shall not be used for any
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