3.11 sar gutirrez

SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts

Presented by

Julio Gutiérrez Martín / Mission Systems Engineer

Technology and Applications of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

INTA – June 1st, 2011

SAR applications of multimode radars in Maritime Patrol Aircrafts - Julio Gutiérrez – June 1st, 2011

© AIRBUS Military. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

0- Index

1. Presentation

2. Maritime Patrol / ASW Airborne Radar Integrations

3. Mission Requirements Evolution

4. SAR Platform Integration

5. Functional & Operative Concept

6. Future Trends / New Requirements


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1.1- Presentation

Julio Gutiérrez Martín

• Mission Systems / Aeronautics Engineer in

(formerly EADS-CASA) since 2001

• Força Aérea Brasileira P-3BR program

• RADAR / IFF interrogator system

• Ejercito del Aire P-3M upgrade program

• RADAR / IFF interrogator system

• IFF transponder/ETCAS

• Other programs, assisting in Radar/IFF interrogator integrations.


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1.1- Presentation (ii)

• Main Tasks as Mission Systems Eng in AiM:

• Customer requirements evaluation

• Supplier equipment selection / specification

• Installation / Integration / Functional requirements

• Tests design and execution: Laboratory / Ground

• Flight Tests specialist (in flight evaluation/acceptance)

• NATO and Spanish Armed Forces exercises participation during P-3M

Operative Evaluation

NOBLE MANTA (Sicily, feb/2006)

BRILLIANT MIDAS (Nîmes, oct/2006)


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1.2- EADS Main Business Divisions

Airbus MilitaryAirbus

Freighter

Passenger Aircraft Military Transport

MRTT

Eurocopter

Civil Helicopters

Military Helicopters

Mission Aircraft

Astrium

Astrium Satellites

Astrium

Space Transportation

EADS CASA

Espacio

Astrium

Services

EADS Defence & Security

Military Air Systems

Missiles (MBDA+LFK)

Defence Electronics


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1.3- EADS Activities in Spain

EADS CASA

Astrium Space SA Airbus SpainEurocopter Spain

Eurofighter:

Flight Tests

Final

Assembly

Deliveries

Design and

manufacturing

of right wing

87 units for the

SAF / 620 in

total

Civil :

Marketing

Logistic Support

Military

Superpuma,

Cougar and Tiger:

Subcontractor

Development and

structure prod.

Logistic Support

Satellites and antennae

Advanced materials

Launchers:

Payload adapters

Separation

Systems

Structures

Ariane 4 and 5

Leader within EADS incarbon fiber and specialised in HTP:

A300/310A318/319/320/321A330/340 10% in A380:HTPBelly fairings and rudder-fuselage fairingSection 19

EADS

AIRBUSEUROCOPTERASTRIUM

C212

CN235

C295

A400M

Mission Aircraft

FITS

Airbus Military

Derivatives

Aerostructures

Airbus Military Defence and

Security


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1.4- Airbus Military Product Range

Multi Role Tanker Transport ServicesMission Aircraft (MPA,

MMSA, SIGINT)

Complete family of Military

Transport Aircraft


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2.- Maritime Patrol / ASW Airborne Radar Integrations

AIRBUS Military experience in MP/ASW


Irish Corps Persuader CN235 PoAF C295 – VIMAR

FITS Demonstrator Persuader II C295 CN235 Guardia Civil

P3M Ejercito del Aire CN235 Ejercito del Aire SAR

SASEMAR CN235 Armada Chile C295 ASW / ASuW

C212 Marina Mexicana CN235 Armada México

Deepwater Ocean Sentry CN235 CN235 Colombia

Força Aérea Brasileira P3BR

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2.1- Irish Corps CN235

• Airbus Military first MPA product

• Mission System developed by CASA

• Litton Search Radar (not SAR capable)


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2.2- C295 Persuader - FITS Demonstrator

Former CASA first FITS equiped MPA product

• R&D programme

• FITS Mission System

• Search Radar Raytheon SeaVue: SAR, ISAR capability


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2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español

First Airbus Military Fully MPA/ASW Capable Aircraft

• 5 Mission Systems Consoles (FITS)

• Search Radar / IFF interrogator (ELTA EL/M 2022) + (INDRA CIT)


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2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (ii)

First Airbus Military Fully MPA/ASW Capable Aircraft

• 5 Mission Systems Consoles (FITS)


Multimode Radar capabilities:

o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, Moving Target

o Imaging Modes: DBS Zoom & Spot SAR

o Classification Modes: RS, ISAR, CSAR

• Other sensors suite for ASW/MPA functions:

Acoustics, ESM, MAD, FLIR

Upgraded Comms and Navigation


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2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (iii)

Twin antenna configuration:

• Forward antenna: 240º

• Rear antenna: 120º

• Switching Unit, makes

possible using 1 transmitter &

1 receiver.

• Behaves as a 360º antenna

Radar

• IMU mounted on forward

antenna


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2.3- P-3M Orion - Ejército del Aire Español (iv)

REAR ANTENNANOSE ANTENNA


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2.4- C212 Marina Mexico

• 1 Mission System Console (FITS)

• Search Radar (Raytheon SeaVue)

• EO/IR


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2.5- CN235 SASEMAR


360º belly

mounted

search

radar

• Mission System (FITS)

• Search Radar (OceanEye

Telephonics)

• Antipollution System (including SLAR

Side Looking Airborne Radar)

• EO/IR

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2.6- C295 Portuguese Air Force

360º belly

mounted

search radar

Nose mounted

Navigation radar


• Mission System (FITS)

• EO/IR

• Search Radar (EL/M 2022 ELTA)


o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, MTI

o Imaging Modes: Scan/Spot SAR


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2.7- C295 ASuW/ASW Chilean Navy


C295 ASW: First Airbus Military ASW certified Aircraft

• First ASW type designed and certified in Europe entering service

since the 1960’s Bréguet Atlantic.

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2.7- C295 ASuW/ASW Chilean Navy (ii)


1 ASuW / 2 ASW: First Airbus Military ASW certified Aircraft



o Search modes, Air to Air, Weather, Moving Target

o Imaging Modes: Scan/Spot/Strip SAR, GMTI over SAR


o ISAR Autoclassification

• Other sensors suite for ASW/MPA functions:

Acoustics, ESM, MAD, FLIR

Tactical Data Link

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2.8- Other Radar SAR capable integrations

Deepwater Ocean Sentry CN235 APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics

CN235 Guardia Civil APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics

CN235 Ejercito del Aire SAR APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics

Força Aérea Brasileira P3BR EL/M 2022 ELTA

CN235-200 Armada México APS-143C(V)3 OceanEye Telephonics


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3.- Mission Requirements Evolution


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SAR

MissionsRADAR capabilities

Basic MPA /ASW

Requirements:•Detection•Small targets•Long Range•etc

Synthetic Aperture

Radar Techniques

SAR MODESEvolution of MPA/ASW

Requirements:

• Identification of targets

• Discrimination of targets

• Classfication!

RADAR SEARCH MODES

RADAR CLASS MODES (ISAR, etc)

MPA / ASW missions

Imaging

Requirements:•Resolution•Size•Range

TWS capable, higher # of plots,

etc


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MPA / ASW

missions

Increased capabi-

lities (# plots, TWS, etc)

MPA / ASW missions

Extended MPA / ASW

Missions: Reconnaissance, IMINT, etc

Additional MPA /ASW

Requirements:• Tactical imaging

• Ground moving targets

• Strategic imaging

(reconnaissance, IMINT)

Detection

Capabilities

Classification

modes

SAR imaging

capabilites

RADAR capabilities

MPA /ASW

Requirements•Detect/small/long range

•Identify/Classify

Detection

Capabilities

SAR Modes

SAR

Missions

Classification modes

(Inverse SAR, Class SAR, etc)

Detection

modes

Computing

Breakthroughs

Synthetic Aperture Radar

technology


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4.- SAR Platform Integration

Synthetic Aperture Radar techniques require focus on:

• Navigation system becomes dramatically relevant:

1. Accuracies (speeds, angular rates), Lattencies

2. Avionics sometimes not capable of answering such a demanding

specification:

Avionics-Radar shared units vs. Radar dedicated units

3. Sometimes secondary Inertial Motion Unit is required

• Antenna alignment / instalation:

• Close to miliradian accuracy

• Installation tolerances (worse case) / Final installation measurement

(best case)


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4.1- Navigation Data Latency

• Required latency can determine avionics architecture

• Tipically, maximum value of ~20 miliseconds

Radar INS-GPSBus

Controller

Sensor i

Equipment j

Comms i

Comms j

Example of architecture

SENSORS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)

COMMUNICATIONS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)

Process / package

RT to BC transaction

BT to RT transaction

Data direction


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4.1- Navigation Data Latency (ii)

• Time required for data to arrive to destination may be too long!

• In the example, INS-GPS must be changed to SENSORS BUS

Radar

INS-GPS

Bus Controller

Sensor i

Equipment j

Comms i

Comms j

Example of architecture

SENSORS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)

COMMUNICATIONS DATA BUS(MIL-STD-1553B)

RT to RT transaction


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4.2- SAR Platform Integration: secondary IMU

Structural vibrations may spoil INS sensing quality!

• Extense platforms might vibrate (distance vs flexibility: dynamics)

• No need in rigid enough INS-Antenna systems.

Length: 35.57 meters

Wingspan: 30.36 meters

P3 Orion

Nose mounted ANTENNA

INS/EGI #1/#2units

~8-10 meters

RequiredINERTIAL MOTION

COMPESATION UNIT


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Belly mounted ANTENNA

INS/EGI #1(#2)units

4.2- SAR Platform Integration: secondary IMU (ii)

Structural vibrations may spoil INS sensing quality!

• Extense platforms might vibrate (distance vs flexibility: dynamics)

• No need in rigid enough INS-Antenna systems.

Length: 21,40 meters

Wingspan: 25,81 meters

CN235

~1 meter


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4.3- SAR Platform Integration: Dedicated units?

• Navigation systems already present in Avionics suites

• Since first developments Navigation interface to Radar is present

• Heading: for PPI north alignment

• Altitude: for Auto Tilt function

• Speed, etc…

• Natural tendency: using “green aircraft”/avionics navigation source

for fulfilling Radar functional needs.

• Each time higher requirements from Radar functionalities create

more integration links (Radar Avionics)

• Posible solution: installation of Dedicated Navigation Source for

airborne Radar Systems.


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4.3- SAR Platform Integration: Dedicated units? (ii)


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4.4- SAR Platform Integration: Antenna alignment

After antenna is fitted to airframe: bore sight alignment

• For correct target position - not high precission required

• SAR: good alignment of speed vector and antenna pointing

• Better than 3mrads alignment (for ~1-3m resolution)

• If not good alignment => blurred images / “folds”

• Two main methods for alignment

Get antenna reference plane aligned (screws, plates)

mechanically

Measure bore sight misalignment angles SW correction


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4.4- SAR Platform Integration: Antenna alignment(ii)

If not good alignment =>

blurred images / “folds”

• Example of image taken

before measuring antenna

bore sight angles.

• Note the “folds” in the image.

(Horizontal blurs are windmills turning)


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4.5- SAR Platform Integration: Posible problems

Example: sensitivity of data required by the Radar: INS distorted

by own cooling fan:

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

1

Pitch

Rate

(D

egre

es/s

)

Time

ROLL RATE

WITH FAN OFFWITH FAN ON

• High amplitude vibrations

generated in the antenna

• Image quality severely

compromised


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-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

1

Pitch

Rate

(D

egre

es/s

)

Time

ROLL RATE

4.5- SAR Platform Integration: Posible problems (ii)

Example: sensitivity of data required by the Radar: INS distorted

by own cooling fan solved with isolation SILENT BLOCKS

Original FAN installation Modified FAN installation

Image qualitiy achieved, antenna spureous vibration removed


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5.- Functional / Operative Concept

• SAR imaging missions are not like ASW/ASuW/MPA missions!

• Very different flight profiles, but compatible:

• An ASW/MPA capable aircraft is usually capable of achieving SAR

objectives (NOT THE OPPOSITE!)

ASW/MPA’s endurance: valuable asset

Not need to hard manouvering (on the contrary)

• New procedures and functionalities desirable:

• SAR optimized flight planning

• Recording and retrieving facility

• Coverage assesment

• Communications: data link


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5.1- Functional / Operative Concept: Multimission

A good ASW/MPA platform can perform SAR imaging missions

• Search Radars become multimode Radars

• Basic functions (sometimes already there) enable the A/C for

SAR, as video / image recording.


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5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions

• SAR missions involve

Tactical Imaging

SAR reconnaissance

Ground MTI over SAR image (GMTI)

Strategic Imaging – IMINT

• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA

• High & constant speed; constant course, altitude and attitude.

• Side-looking coverage (-30 / +15 typical tilt coverage)

• Medium – high altitude (from ~3-5kft)

• Not overflying target

• Medium (even long) range (10NM to 80-100NM), limited by antenna

gain (size) and grazing angle


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5.2- Functional / Operative Concept: SAR* missions

• Very different profile than typical ASW, ASuW, MPA:


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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples

CSAR image

3m resolution

target @8 NM

2D image


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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (ii)

ISAR image

(+Range signature)

1m resolution

2s Integration time

target @10 NM

16684 ft


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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (iii)

ISAR image (inverse video)


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Double ISAR image of two

close targets (merchants)

3m resolution

targets @43 NM

20096ft


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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (iv)


Spot SAR image

1m resolution

target @23.31NM

(Tabarca island,

Mediterranean sea)

19880ft


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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (v)


5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (vi)


Aircraft Landing

over SAR image

Tactical system symbology

shows own A/C over the

runway during landing, a

star (local mark) shows

the landing (WOW) point.

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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (vii)


Aircrafts on Air Base

Ramp

1m resolution

image center @~10.86 NM

24452 ft

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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (viii)


Karting close to airport

1m resolution

image center @~30 NM

20400 ft

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5.3- Functional / Operative Concept: examples (ix)


VOR array close to

airport (Ciudad Real)

1m resolution

image center @~51 NM

29840 ft

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5.4- Functional / Operative Concept: FITS

• FITS is the Airbus Military core

solution for Integrated

Surveillance & Security

Airborne Mission Systems

• FITS is currently used for

Maritime Surveillance, ASW,

and Environmental Protection

applications

• FITS is integrated in Airbus

Military aircrafts (C-212, CN-

235, C-295) and others (P-3) for

national and international

programs


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5.4- Functional / Operative Concept: FITS (ii)

• Today the FITS is in Operation and Production for more than 50 aircrafts

under different contracts awarded to Airbus Military in the period of 2004

to 2009

Single FITS Console on

Mexican Navy C-212

Cockpit-Controlled FITS on

US CG HC-144ASpanish Air Force P-3M

Spanish Maritime Safety

(SASEMAR) CN-235


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5.6- Current FITS customers are:

• Spanish Government:

• Ejército del Aire (Air Force)

• SASEMAR

• Guardia Civil

• US Coast Guard

• Brazilian Air Force

• Mexican Navy

• Chilean Navy

• Portuguese Air Force

• Colombian Navy

• Irish Air Corps


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6.- Future Trends / New Requirements

• Future trends

• Foliage penetration: P band sensors?

• GMTI

• IMIT capabilities: management of images (both offline and online)


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© 2011 AIRBUS. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS. No intellectual property rights are granted by the delivery

of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS. This document and its content shall not be used for any

purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for

these statements are not shown, AIRBUS will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.

AIRBUS and AIRBUS MILITARY them logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M, A330MRTT,C212,C295,CN235 are registered trademarks


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