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%2Ey J9 "#A> :#3/A+ SK$ �!)" &) 6, #AB a!,=*Q#+ M%2C%2C7^ ON&, �!)" =>)#?lB, :,",)22/12")28/13�#?b$", & :'?*43/1S?+, :'?*4)Tailia, p.3;Sancisi-

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(Stronach,pp.26-27; Kuhrt,The Persian Empire,p.104; Matheson, p. 223;)G"#8C '!;T$2(Boardman, p.56)

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G'HI4 :#3/A+ 2A1#4 #AB a!, :#3/A+=1,21) VA\+, 6, )#("#+#D ") 'EH> L";>2lB => ",):#3[#+ 6,515i.@.") &S+, %201 %)#b*+, M2C O&,2*4 ON&, L;!",) G"&).

(Kleiss, “Der Takhat-i Rustam bei Persepolis”,pp.157-162; Stronach, p.302;Boardman,p.56)

#$ #AB a!, a*Q#+ 6, �29 & )'>"#> #B =gB," ")=!'f1 7;A>%2?C 7#?EB -?bY*K4 :#9S+,.%2h=!#D ," 7^ :,=!#D #! & 2Hl4 Mz,'|4 M7,20$^ c! :#9VHl> 7;�89 -!#AB :#9

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(Herzfeld, Archaeological History of Iran,p.36; Idem, Iran in the AncientEast,p.214)'f1 7#89 M'*0EB -+"'B 7&2B 'EQ, :#3[#+ #$ 7,'/09&dD 6, :"#EFB J9 7^ 6, 2lB

=*C;1 ") ," 2YbF$'9"#8?C =?B =?ER;H8> G'?HI4 7,;Ah =B ," 7^ & %)'> ",'\$ );Q :#9%)"&^21,.

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=?B 7^ z#F*1, G6,21, =B =ER;H8> =B G'HI4 a!, z#F*1, ") => S+, 2I*l4 r#1&'*+, MO#e4)",) );?R& 2?!)'$ MSAgY+ �-hN24 7#(),]9#C '/!) #! & #!)'B L"),'BaE?89 =?\1#Ay M

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-4 _F*A4 -0A4#K9 7#(),]9#C);81 Z'g4 M2AA>.(Stronach,pp.301-303; Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,p.104; Allen,p.33)

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-42A>.O#+ ")1937@.7;*+ =!#D 6, :"#n^SK$ O#8C ") -*AgY+ r#> c! :#9& 2E0?8R

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)#("#+#D ") L";>)@#h "#B r#>()",).)" &) w4#C #AB a!,=?!#D 6, -1;*?+ %)"#3y �!-4 7,;!, c! :#31;*+S+, %2C %2E0> -B'X z;AR =B -W'C O#8C _1#R 6, => 2C#B.

=*K$ c!:&" '?B 7;*?+'!6 c?! & "N&24 cF!) c! #B %,'89 w\C -lNB'4 p#*HF1 �A+-4 wE\0$ ," 7;*+ =!#D '9 #31^29).

(Tilia,p.73; Kleiss, “Zur Entwicklung derachaemenidischen”,pp.199-211)"#?3y ),2?l$ =?B #31;*+ =!#D 6, '/!) =h;8`4 c! 7,;!, a!, -B'X O#8C _1#R ")

-4 wE\0$ ," :]>'4 O#9 :#31;*+ =!#D p,'9#v => -1;*+ S09 �!)" �AD -[,S+, %),)2!)'( -!#+#AC ]E1.

( Tilia,p.79; Kleiss, “Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen”,pp.199-211)=!#D Sb9 -!#+#AC #31^ 'B %&�h7;*+ =!#D =EHC 7;*+S?3R ") & -B;AR 7,;!, :#9

=EH?C :]?>'4 O#?9 c! & 7,;!, &) :,",) #AB a!, => S+, 7^ '/1#01 -/89 M7^ m\h-4 MJE*F9 7^ 29#C )#("#+#D ") #4 => =�1^2C#B)'!;T$4.(#EYE$ V*b( =B #AB:»-/1;/y

AB a!, :"#8l4%#$;> :#31;*+ -[& 6,") 7,;!, &) => #�6#1 & '$=*?C,) :]?>'4 O#9 6, '$�A+ 6, %)#b*+, MS+,=!#D ") aC&" & %'E$ :#9") =?> S?+, :]?Ey 7^ =EH?C #31;*?+

=A\+, 6, %)#b*+, @2h & JE*F9 7^ 29#C )#("#+#D=1,21) :#9-/89 #31;*+ aE�]$ ") ",), PED #AB a!, => S+, a!, '/1#01SK$ "#n^ & L;!",) G"&) 6%2?C =*Q#+ 2E08R2?1,«

)Tilia,p.80.(SK$ @#8$#1 G'HI4 #B r#> a!, s"&#`4 -.'< 6,"#n^ #B #31^ -\!)]1 & J*+"7,20$^ & S0$"6 VHl> -Al! MJ*+" PI1SC) "#n^ =h;8`4 #B #31^ -/89 S9#HC & #9

& 7#8EY+ 7,216 ML";> r#> ML";> G'HI4 -Al! M)#("#+#D7,20$^=R;$ wB#W -/89 #9-4:#3[#?+ aEB -1#46 VYq#. ") p�#8*t, =h;8`4 a!, =\A!, '/1#EB & 2AC#B530#?$520i.@.O#8*t, =B & 2E08R SK$ :#AB 6#X^ 6, PED & )#("#+#D ") "#> @#8$, 6, mD -Al! �

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> -4#/A9 ? #!)'B L"),'B VYE+& =B & :& ";*+) =B & =ER;H8> 7#46 ") )#!6=?ER;H8> =2C =*Q#+ ? );B 'T4 ").O#?+ 6, PE?B =?B ," "#n^ a!, :#AB => 'A4#+ ]R =B530i.@.

-4 SHF1=?*.'/1 ",'?W O#HI*+, )";4 :& 'f1 =*H[, & 29)(Sumner,p.4)7#?II|4 '?e>, M7#89 ," 7^ 7#46%"#C, => ";<O#+ =B �;B'4 J!)'>:#9530#$520i.@.-42A1,).

Kleiss, “Zur Entwicklungder achaemenidischen”,pp.199-211; Allen, p.33;:mW(Sancisi- Weerdenburg“Darius I and the Persian Empire”, p.1041)

";�t p#q;TQ402?Hl4 _?1#R 6, =?> -YB#?B 7,'("#?> 6, a$»#?1,«O#?+ aE?8*b9 ")B :'3C ") �"#D =B -*AgY+ r#> ") "#> S3R =ER;H8> S4;\t=@#1»;1#A*B«)Batn nu(

#!»;1#A*4«)(Matn nu=>")2408R SK$ -Y( Z,;[, 6, )2hMS?+, %2C %)'B @#1 7^ 6, 2E212?C %)#*?+'.(Henkelman & Kleber,“Babylonian Workers”, pp.170,164-165)&

'3C ") -YB#B 7#1#("6#B SE[#l.»;0!)#4;9«)Humad!šu(S?K$ Z,;?[, ") =?>2E0?8RS|$7,;Ah/Uv daicay MatezzišS+, =*C,) ",'W 2E08R SK$ -\!)]1 ") & %24^

)Briant p.72(SE[#l. '/1#EB -/89p#q;T?Q =?IgA4 ") :)#T?*W, & :",), -1,'8h :#9%);?B 2E08R SK$ :#AB & L;!",) 6, PED 2E08R SK$ -[,;t & SC)&'4 V/YR ")

(Henkelman & Kleber,“Babylonian Workers”, p.170; Briant, p.72))#A?+, a?!, ,'!6-?81 ]?E1 ";>k?4 "#?n^ & S+, #!)'B & =ER;H8> -9#C)#D 7,"&) =B �;B'4 -/892?1,;$

2C#B #3*E[#l. a!, #B �#H$", 7&2B.-4 'f1 =B#?B & ";?4, -921#4#?+ & -9#?C SK$ 'B �;YR 6, mD =ER;H8> => 2+"

,'j4, L'*F( & 2!2R -+#E+ s�N;|$ =B =R;$M:";$-+#E+ ]>'4 c! )#`!, ";fA4 =BSK*!#D &S.'( );Q :,'B 2!2R :#9#AB a*Q#+ =B JE8T$.=/YR M'<#Q aE89 =B :&

_?+#A4 :";?$,'j4, z'?X & i'C #B -<#H$", & -!,;9 & z^ 'f1 6, J9 => ," SC)&'4);?B @�E?h -1#0?1, 7#9#?C)#D -*4;?\t ]?>'4 ]E1 =*Ck( ") & );BImanpour,p.153;)

(Hansman,p.304)'> z#K*1,.&, ";�?t 7#?46 ") S+, a\84 -1,'8h s#4,2W, @#`1,=?B => #!)'B L"),'B VYE+& =B & :& ";*+) =B );B 'T4 ") :& => -4#/A9 #! & 7,'!, ")

_!#1 7,;Ah-4 S4;\t 7,'!, ") =AgYF[,2C#B %2C @#`1, )'>.-1#?3(#1 u'4 #B p,'9#v #4,$;> -9#C)#D & =ER;H8>%#sN24:#?9#AB :&" 'B "#> V4,), & -1,'8h :#9"#> @#`1, M#!)'B

!"#$ %&' 45,'56 7589 5:; 32()*+,- ./+01 !"#$ %&'.../11

�??W;*4 -*AgY??+ r#??> & G'??HI4 @#??8$, :,'??B "#??> =??Y8R 6, %2??C =*Q#??+2??!)'()Dandamaev,p.99; Yamduchi,p.127(.SQ#+ #4,-A!) VHAR => S0$"6 VHl> :#AB 6#+&

=*??C,) -??AE!^ &Haerinek & Overlat, pp.207-33; Potts, pp.271-300; Sancisi)Weerdenburg, H, “The Zendan and the Kabah,pp. 145- 51; Fry, p.177; Schmitt, pp.

41-9(�=4,), 2E08R SK$ Vh;8`4 Gx&'D �&'C #B 7#4]89 p�#8*t, & L;!",) 7#46 ")=1,21) VA\+, 6, %)#b*+, =B =R;$ #B & =*.#!-4 'f1 =B M7^ :#AB ") ",)#> => 2+":&" 'B "

O#+ 6, mD -*t 7^500i.@.S?+, =*C,) =4,),.(Potts, p.281; Stronach,p.132)'?9")i;. s#et#H4 & 29,;C =B =R;$ #B O#tMz#F?*1, ") 7,'?!, !"#$ 7#II|4 aEB ") 6&'4,

"&) =B "#n^ a!,G-?Al! ? #?!)'B L"),'?B #! & =ER;H8>-[,;?tO#?+530i.@.-'?*8>!)'$,) );R& 2%21#8EW#B P+'D #4, M)"-%21,;Q 6, mD p#q;TQZ,;?[, 6, :),2l$ 72C

SK$ -Y(%"#?C, ]?!'E1 =?IgA4 ") =?ER;H8> G'?HI4 );R& =B #31^ 6, -\! ") => 2E08R21",)-=8E1 G'HI4 z#F*1,=ER;H8> =B @#8$-?42?C#B.S?K$ s#4#\|*?+, -?4�Eh Z;?[ ")

2E08R)(PF-NN21741 :#3[#+ =B �;B'4 =>-?Al! ? L;?!",) S?4;\t J*FEB & J9)6;:#3[#+503/502&502/501i.@.S+, ?M#>#1"#D _1#R 6,)Parnaka(& L;!",) :;8h

2E08R SK$ :",), 7#46#+ mE�"(Kuhrt,The Persian Empire, p.54,note:2)-?\! =B%)" 7,'!24 6,SK$ :�#B@,) O;�F4 => 2E08R%);?B -*AgY?+ :#9)MKuhrt,ThePersian

(Empire, p.575,note10;Henkelman,“An Elamite memorial”, p.111-4 aEAy2!;(:»),2l$24cy;> 7,;Et ��")2Ab+;((,)#?B#>#B =?B)Bakabada(L,]?!'1 ") =?> &, 7#?9,'89 &)Narezzash('4;C ") &)Šumar:%'?HI4(L&2?1#D&, & =?ER;H8>)Upandush(-?4 @#?`1,2?A9)M

2E*+'bB.") & J9)6;?1 O#?+ ") %#?4 P?C p#l8R %)6,&) & %)6#! M%) M=1 MS09 MSb9 :#39#4 ")J*FEB O#+ ") %#4 aE80C & aE8`AD MaE4"#3y MaE4;+ MaE4&) MaE[N&,)L;!",)(%)6,&) O�Q ")

'4;C ") %#4)%'HI4(& =ER;H8>)76 7^(,;?Et c?! @,2?>'9 :,'B M2A*F9 #`1^ ") => L&21#D&,7%#4 '9 :,'B cy;>«)Kuhrt, The Persian Empire, v.2, pp. 547.(

SK$ 6, :'/!) Z,;[, ")L,]!'1 ") -o4 ";�t =B ]E1 2E08R)]!'E1(@#?`1, S3Ra[ -A!) aE!^)Lan(S?+, =*." %"#C, :& :,'B z,'C O#+", &.Z,;?[, ")PF.893/894

!^ S3R �4 :,'B 'E`1, G'EC �'v %)6,&) => %24^O#?+ ") L,]?!'1 ") a[ aE24=?E3$

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);C)Ibid,p.559.()'?. c?! M";>k?4 76 & =?ER;H8> G'?HI4 '?B %&�h %2C =*b( -*tL&21;0?!6 @#1 =B :'/!) =*Q#AC#1)Zišunduš("#?H1, 6, =?> =*?C,) ";�?t #?`1^ ")

-4 =!ko$ �4 VYE+& =B -1#B'W aE!^ @#`1, :,'B -*AgY+2?CS?+, %.Z,;?[, ") aE?A�89):& :,'B => 7#\4 a!, ") -o4 ";�t 6, '/!120-4 =E3$ z,'C '*E[ #! & �'vM2?C

);B =1#9#4 �-A!) J+,'4 :,'R, :,'B #3B,'C a!, => S+, =*." aK+.)Ibid, note 3; Henkelman“An Elamite memorial”,p.147.(

=> 292E4 7#01 ";>k4 29,;C»L,]!'1«)]!'E1(E!^& -A!) ]>,'4 6, -\!%"&) ") -?A,)#?B#>#B => =*C,) ",'W #`1^ ") =ER;H8> %#/4,"^ =Y8R 6, J34 G'HI4 =+ => %);B L;!",)

SjoB #!)L";?> G'?HI4 V?R,;Q & �?4(S?C,) ";�?t #?`1^ ")Henkelman , “An)

(Elamite memorial,p.156%"&) a?!, ") J34 �-A!) J+,'4 6, -\! :,'R, Ma!, 'B 7&].,l! M7#\4 a!, ")J+,'4 -Aa[-?+"#D ? -?1,'!, V1�#?+ aE?!^ c?! =?>)Koch, 1977(M

:)#4)Handly-schachler(-4�Eh #!)Razmjo,pp.103-117(S?K$ Z,;?[, {?H< & );?B]B & 2Ab+;( :)#!6 ),2l$ 2E08R)),2?l$ 2A+ a!, {B#g4118��"(-1#?B'W 7^ :,'?B

-42CHenkelman, “The other Gods”,chp.5, cited by Kuhrt, 2007, 2: 558, note: 2;)(Henkelman,“The other Gods”,chp.3; Henkelman, “Animal Sacrifice”,pp.137-165S+, '3C a!, SE89, '/1#EB M21);B 7^ 'E(") 7#o4 =Y8R 6, 2Hl4 ),'., :)#!6 ),2l$ &.

7);B -\! ") %6&'4, =\A!, =B =R;$ #B»L,]!'1«'3?C #?B»]?!'E1«) =?>w?q#.2t "SFE1 :2!)'$ MS+, �W,& 7#4'> & 6,'EC)Kuhrt, The Persian Empire,p.559, note 3(

=8E1 G'HI4 z#F*1, a!,'B#AB@#8$»SK$J*+"«P?+'D =?ER;H8> =B-?4 ]?E/1,'B);?C.=?B:";<G'?HI4 =?> S?+, 2I*l4 29,;C aE89 =B )#A*+, #B s";> -YE4, =>»S?K$J*?+"«-81=B {Yl*4 21,;$-9#?C)#D -9#?$;> => S+, #!)'B =B {Yl*4 2!#C & 2C#B =ER;H8>L,

)%#4 PC(-4 %'HI4 :#AB -4#8$#1 &2C#B �#H$", aE89 ") 21,;$)Ibid, p.104.(a?!, ") ";>k?4 V?ER;H8> '?(, p#q;TQ ? i;. 29,;C =B =R;$ #B =!'f1 a!, 2Ay'9

2C#B %);B u"]B L";> 216'. @&) VER;H8> 7#89 Z,;[,-4 'f1 =B z,kR ?2+".#?B #4,SE[#l. 6#X^ =\A!, =B =R;$:#9=ER;H8> G'HI4 =Y8R 6, -1#8*Q#+M'/!) & -*AgY+ r#>

2?EW ") :& =?> -4#?/A9 -?Al! M=ER;H8> 7#46 =B SC)&'4 V/YR -W'C O#8C ") "#n^

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2ElB a!,'B#AB �))'/E4'B M);B s#Et-4 'f1 =B2+"-[#t ") M%216 =ER;H8> =>2?EW ") &=h;8`4 a*Q#+ =B #!)'B M%);B s#Et,%'HI4 =Y8R 6, -*AgY+ :#9#AB 6, ::,);?Q :,'B

@,2W,2!#81.-4 =\1^ %d!& =B& -?4,"^ =?B :& -AE0?1#R & #?!)'B =?B s"2?W O#I*1, JE1,)UYqs";q ]E4^=*.'(%"#?C, �E?9 -YB#?B )#A?+, & S+,u'?4 6, m?D L";?C =?B :,

*t & 21",21 =ER;H8>w!"&^ ") -522i.@.-4 @#1 %#C 7,;Ah =B =ER;H8> 6,2?lB & 21'B-4 '>� #9";0> & wB#B %#C 7,;Ah =B #!)'B 7^ 6,);C)Ibid, p.134.(=?B =R;$ #B -.'< 6,

6, PE?D p�#?8*t, :& & M2E0?\1 O;?< %#?4 PC 6, PEB => #!)'B SAgY+ 7#46 -9#$;>6#X^ '\. =B =\1^6, & -1#8*Q#+ :#9"#>%'HI4 =Y8R:,'?\. =?B '*0EB M2C#B );Q :,'B

-4 2ElB MS+, %);B -+#E+ �#�&, 7),) 7#4#+ & s"2W SEHe$7#46 a!, ") :& => 2!#812C#B =*C,) ," =IgA4 a!, ") -1#8*Q#+ :#9"#> @#`1, Sq'. M%#$;>.'?f1 =?B -?IgA4 &

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=8E1 :#ABSK$ G'HI4 @#8$=?B %'?HI4 a!, S+, a\84 ,'!6 );B 29,;K1 =ER;H8> =B J*+"7#46 ") 7^ "&#`4 s#FE+�$ '/!) %,'89-?*t & %2C 6#X^ %#C �KC ";*+) =B & :&

-1#466&'B #B #4, M=*.#! =4,), #!)'B PAE01#R & "),'B 'f1 '!6 M);B 'T4 -/AR 'b+ ") =>-1#3(#1 u'4S0$"6 VHl> ]R =B "#n^ a!, ML;!",) �N+;$ #!)'B =EYh #$);> ";3v & L,

,'B %'HI4 7;y & %2!)'( #9" M=*C,) -H9k4 & -A!) VHAR =>=?ER;H8> '?\ED L'!k?D :z;F?|4 -?A!) & �N2?I4 -1#?\4 =?> ]?!'E1 ") :'/!) w|4 =B :& G6#AR M%);H1 %)#4^

-4=8E1 G'HI4 & %2!)'( wI*A4 aE.2$ S3R M%2C:,'B SC)&'4 V/YR ") =ER;H8> @#8$2C#B %2C #9" s";q 7#89 =B =0E89.~|B =B =R;$ #B aK+ '/!) =B=8E1 "#n^ p�&, i;. :#9$-?B'X O#8?C ") �?W,& @#?8

SK$SC)&'4 V/YR -W'C O#8C ") 2E08R)'9;( SC)(S?K$ :#?AB -?Al!MJ*?+"-*AgY+ r#>&@#?8$ =8E1 :#AB p#E1#n & %2!)'( 6#X^ =ER;H8> 7#46 ") S0$"6 VHl> :#AB

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Abbreviations:AcIr: Acta Iranica (Leiden)AJA: American Journal of Archaeology (PrincetonAMI: Archäeologisch Mitteilungen aus Iran (Berlin)CAH: The Cambridge Ancient History ( Cambridge)CHI: The Cambridge History of Iran (Cambridge)DB: Darius’s inscriptions at BehistunFGrH: Jacoby, F., 1923-1958. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (Berlin

and Leiden)Iran: Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies (London)IrAnt: Iranica Antiqua (Leiden)OIP: Oriental Institute Publication (Chicago)

<#58R95"-:1-Arrian, 1949, History of Alexander and Indica (Anabasis Alexanderi), E. Iliff Robson (trans.),

!"#$ %&' 45,'56 7589 5:; 32()*+,- ./+01 !"#$ %&'.../15Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

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translated by Peter T. Daniels, Winoa lake, Indiana, Eisenbrauns.4-Brosius, M, 2006, The Persian: An Introduction, Routhedge, London & New Yourk.5-Brosius, M, 2000, The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I , The London Association

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Anciennee, Vols. 1-5.8-Frye, R. N., 1984, The History of Ancient Iran, München.9-Ghrishman, 1964, Persia: from the origins to Alexander the Great,S.Gilbert, J. Emmons

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in Persian history: Essay in memory of David M. Lewis, Achemenid History XI, Edited by MariaBrosius & Amelie Kuhrt, Neaerlands Institute Voor Het Nabiye, Leiden.

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Building at matannan during the reign of Cambyses, In: Persian Responses Political and CulturalInteraction with in the Achaemenid Empire, edited by Christopher Tuplin, The Classical Press ofwales, Swansea.

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15-Henkelman, W., 2006, “The other Gods who Are: Studies in Elmaite- Iranian acculturationbased on the Persepolis Fortification Texts”, (Ph.D dissertation University Leiden).

16-Henkelman,W., 2005, “Animal Sacrifice and external exchange in the persepolis fortificationtablet”, in H. Baker and M. Jursa (eds), Approching the Babylonian Economy , Proceeding of theSTART project Symposium, Vienna(AOAT 33o), Munster: 137-65.

17-Herzfeld, 1908 Herzfeld, E., 1908, “Pasargadae: Untersuchungen zur persischen Archäologie”,KLIO, Beiträge zur alten Geschichte 8: 1-68.

18-Herzfeld, 1935, Archaeological History of Iran, London19-Herzfeld, 1941, Iran in the Ancient East, London20-Imanpour, M. T. 1998, The Land of Parsa: The First Persian Homeland, (Phd.Thesis ,The

University of Manchester).21-Kent, 1953, Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, 2nd ed., New Haven.22-Kleiss, 1980. “Zur Entwicklung der achaemenidischen Palastarchitektur”, IrAnt 15: 119-21323-Kleiss, W., 1971, “Der Takhat-i Rustam bei Persepolis und das Kyros-Garb in Pasrgadae”,

Jahrbuck Des deutschen Archäologischen Instits und Archäologischer Anzeiger 86: 157-16224-Koch, H., 1977, Die Religi sen Verh!ltenisse der Dareioszeit, Wiesbaden.25-Kuhrt, 1988 A., 1988. “Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes”, 2nd ed., CAH 4: 112-138.26-Kuhrt, A, 2007, The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from t he

Achaemonid Period, Routledge, London & New Yourk.27-Lindsay, A. 2005,The Persian Empire: A History, British Museum, London.28-Matheson, S. A., 1976, Persia: an Archaeological Guide, Faber and Faber Limited ,London.29-Oppenheim, A. L., 1985, “The Babylonian evidence of Achaemenid rule in Mesopotamia”,

CHI 2: 529-588.30-Potts, D. T. 2007,“Foundation House, Fire Altars and The Frataraka:Interpreting the

Iconography of some Post-Achaemenid Persian Coins, IrAn, XLII: 272-300.31-Pritchard, J. B.(ed.), 1969, Ancient Near Eastern Texts: Relating to Old Testment, third ed.,

New Jersy32-Razmjou,Sh.2004,“The lan Ceremony and other ritual Ceremonies in the

Achaemenid Period”, IRAN, 42: 103-17.33-Sancisi-weerdenburg, 1995, “Darius I and the Persian Empire”, in J. M. Sasson (ed.),

Civilization of the Ancient Near East II, New York: 1035-1050

16/NM O>75M<&:$5' 4*LP34-Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H., 1983, “The Zendan and the Kabah, AMI 10: 145-151.35-Schmidt, 1970. Persepolis III: The Royal Tombs and other Monuments, (OIP 60)36-Stolper, M. W , 1985, Entrepreneurs and Empire: The Murašû Archive, the Murašû Firm and

Persian Rule in Babylonia, Leiden.37-Stronach, 1978, Pasargadae: A Report on the Excavation Conducted by the British Institute of

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Massachusetts: Harvard University press.41-Yamauchi, E. M., 1990, Persia and the Bible, Grand Rapids.42-Young, T. C. Jr 1988, “The Persian Empire”, 2nd ed., CAH 4:1-111.43-Zadock, R., 1976, “On the connections between Iran and Babylonia in the sixth century BC” ,

Iran 14: 61-77.

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