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PARADIP REFINERY PROJECT

PROJECT SPECIFICATION ASPECIFICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

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CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 4

1.1 Pipelines Description .................................................................................4

1.2 Scope...........................................................................................................4

2.0 REFERENCES, CODES AND STANDARDS .............................................. 5

2.1 General ........................................................................................................5

2.2 Design Codes and Standards Hierarchy ..................................................52.3 Indian Codes and Standards .....................................................................5

2.4 International Codes and Standards ..........................................................5

2.5 Project Specif ic Documents ......................................................................7

2.6 Abbreviations ..............................................................................................7

2.7 Typical Drawings ........................................................................................8

3.0 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Specification Deviation / Concession Control .........................................9

3.2 Quality Assurance / Quali ty Control .......................................................10

3.3 Facil it ies for EICs Staff ............................................................................10

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ......................................................................... 11

5.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................. 12

5.1 Pre-Construction Survey .........................................................................12

5.2 Right-Of-Way (ROW).................................................................................13

5.3 Clearing, Grading and Backfilling of ROW.............................................14

5.4 Access Roads ...........................................................................................15

5.5 Fences and Barr iers .................................................................................15

5.6 Removal of Debris ....................................................................................16

5.7 Restricted ROW ........................................................................................16

5.8 ROW Damages ..........................................................................................175.9 Provisions of Diversion............................................................................17

5.10 Pipeline Re-Routes ...................................................................................17

6.0 CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................... 18

6.1 Pipe Issue, Handling, Hauling, Stringing and Storage..........................18

6.2 Pipe Installat ion ........................................................................................21

6.3 Welding......................................................................................................25

6.4 Coatings ....................................................................................................26

6.5 TRENCHING ..............................................................................................28

6.6 Special Crossings - Road / Railway Crossings .....................................32

6.7 Lowering and Laying ................................................................................37

6.8 Buoyancy Control .....................................................................................38

6.9 Backfi ll ing..................................................................................................38

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6.10 Cleaning Gauging and Hydrostatic Test Procedure..............................40

6.11 Tie-Ins ........................................................................................................41

6.12 Anci llaries..................................................................................................42

6.13 Cathodic Protect ion (CP) Initial Requirements ......................................42

6.14 Construction of Above Ground Installations .........................................43

6.15 Installat ion of Isolat ing Joints .................................................................45

6.16 Inst rumentation.........................................................................................46

6.17 Miscellaneous Items .................................................................................46

7.0 POST CONSTRUCTION............................................................................ 47

7.1 Final Clean-Up of the Construction Right-Of-Way ................................47

7.2 Commissioning .........................................................................................48

7.3 Preservation of Pipeline...........................................................................48

8.0 HSE REQUIRMENTS AND THIRD PARTIES ........................................... 49

8.2 High Voltage Systems Influences During Const ruction .......................51

8.3 Addi tional Measures for Work .................................................................52

9.0 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION...................................................... 53

9.1 As-Buil t Drawings and Pipe Book ...........................................................54

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Indian Oil Corporation Limited (OWNER) is proposing to develop a 15 MMTPAgrassroots integrated refinery and petrochemical complex at Paradip in theState of Orissa in eastern India.

1.1 Pipelines Descr ipt ion

The Product Pipelines comprise one (1) Crude Oil pipeline connecting theSouth Loading J etty to the Refinery; three (3) Utility Pipelines and eleven (11)

Product Pipelines connecting the Refinery to the South Loading J etty; andthree (3) Product Pipelines connecting the Refinery to the MarketingTerminal.

1.1.1 South Loading J etty Lines

34, Naphtha 30, HSD 10 30, HSD 50 30, MS Premium 30, Dual Purpose Kerosene 26, Styrene (Loading) 10, Styrene (Circulating) 26, Paraxylene 26, LPG Refrigeration (Loading) 12, LPG Refrigeration (Circulating + Loading) 12, LPG Vapour Return 4, Nitrogen 4, Air 4, Water 38, Crude Oil

1.1.2 Marketing Terminal Lines

12, Dual Purpose Kerosene 12, MS Regular 18, HSD 50

1.2 Scope

This Specification covers the construction of the Product Pipelines andsupplements the Codes and Standards listed in Section 2 of this document.

Contractor shall prepare detailed method statements and submit to EIC forreview and approval at least Twenty One (21) days prior to the plannedcommencement of any activity.

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2.0 REFERENCES, CODES AND STANDARDS

2.1 General

The pipeline system shall be designed in accordance with the documentslisted and referenced in this document. Where conflict exists betweendocuments, this document shall take precedence.

The applicable edition of code, standard or document is defined as the latestrevision unless otherwise stated.

2.2 Design Codes and Standards Hierarchy

The Project Standards shall be based on Indian and International standards,incorporating the requirements of mandatory Indian regulations andstandards.

In general International Codes and Standards shall apply to the Pipeline andassociated piping and equipment.

Work on the Project shall be performed to the Regulations, Codes andStandards detailed below, which are in order of precedence:

The revision of documents current at Contract award shall be used.

2.3 Indian Codes and Standards

Principle Indian codes and standards related to the project pipelines are givenbelow:

OISD-GDN-192 Safety Practices During Construction

OISD-STD-141 Design and Construction Requirements for CrossCountry Hydrocarbon Pipelines

The Indian Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OSID) codes and standards, inparticular related to equipment spacing, are mandatory and take precedencein the event of conflict with other project standards.

2.4 International Codes and Standards

Pipeline design shall make reference to the following international documents,and documents referenced therein:

API Spec 5L Specification for Line Pipe

API RP 51_1 Recommended Practice for Railroad Transportationof Line Pipe

API RP 51_5 Recommended Practice for Marine Transportationof Line Pipe

API RP 1102 Recommended Practice for Liquid Petroleum

Pipelines Crossing Railroads and HighwaysAPI Std 1104 Standard for Welding Pipelines and related Facilities

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API RP 1110 Recommended Practice for the Pressure Testing ofLiquid Petroleum Pipelines

ASME B31.4 Liquid transportation Systems for Hydrocarbon.

ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission & Distribution Piping Systems

ASME 816.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges

ASME B 16.9 Factory-made Wrought Iron Steel Butt-welding Fittings

ASME B 31.3 Process Piping

ASME IX Welding

ASTM A82 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, forConcrete Reinforcement

ASTM A333 Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-TemperatureService.

ASTM A139 Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion (Arc) -Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)

ASTM A185 Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric,Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement

ASTM D 1558 Standard Test Method for Moisture Content PenetrationResistance Relationships of Fine-Grained Soils

ASTM E92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness Testing ofMetallic Materials

ASTM E165 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant InspectionMethod

ASTM E709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Examinations

ISO 8501-1 Preparation of Steel Substrates Before Application

of Paints and Related Products - VisualAssessment of Surface Cleanliness-Part 1 - RustGrades and Preparation Grades of Uncoated SteelSubstrates After Overall Removal of PreviousCoatings.

MSS SP 75 Specification for High Test Wrought Welding Fittings

MSS SP 44 Steel Pipeline Flanges

NACE RP-02-74 High Voltage Electrical Inspection of PipelineCoating Prior to Installation

SSPC - SP Steel Structures Painting Council SurfacePreparation

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2.5 Project Specific Documents

Product Pipelines Mechanical Design Report 3210-8210-RP-0043

HSE Narrative / Specification 3210-8560-RP-0001

HSE Instructions to Contractors 3210-8710-PR-0002

HSE Specification - Product Specific Issues 3210-8560-SP-0028

Specification for Line Pipe Materials 3210-8210-SP-0007

Specification for External Pipeline Coatings 3210-8210-SP-0008

Specification for Field Coating System 3210-8210-SP-0010

Specification for Induction Bends 3210-8210-SP-0011

Specification for Concrete Coating 3210-8210-SP-0012

Specification for Cathodic Protection 3210-8210-SP-0013

Specification for Isolating J oints 3210-8210-SP-0014

Specification for Pipeline Valves 3210-8210-SP-0015

Specification for Pipeline Fittings 3210-8210-SP-0017

Specification for Pipeline Hydrotesting 3210-8210-SP-0019

Specification for Pipeline Cleaning & Gauging 3210-8210-SP-0020

Specification for Pre Commissioning 3210-8210-SP-0022

Specification for Protective Paint and Coating 3210-8440-SP-0006

HSE Narrative Specification 3210-8560-SP-0001

Human Factors Specification 3210-8560-SP-0002

2.6 Abbreviations

AWS American Welding SocietyCP Cathodic Protection

ID (Pipe) Internal Diameter

IOCL Indian Oil Corporation Limited

ISTT International Society for Trenchless Techniques

NDT Non-destructive Testing

ROW Right of Way

GIS Geographical Information System

FOC Fibre Optic CableEIC Engineer-in-Charge

3 LPE Three Layer Polyethylene

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2.7 Typical Drawings

Typical drawings for a range of construction activities are included in therequisition and should be read in conjunction with this specification.

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3.0 GENERAL

Contractor shall, with due care and diligence, execute the work in compliancewith recognised (National and International) working practices and complyingfully with all local laws, by-laws, ordinances, regulations, etc.; provide all plant,services and labour, inclusive of supervision thereof; provide all consumablesand materials, excluding the materials indicated as materials furnished byOwner in the Contract; and provide all equipment, appliances or other articlesof whatsoever nature required for the execution of the Work, whether of a

temporary or permanent nature.All works shall be carried out in compliance with the regulations andrequirement of the State of Orissa and India.

Contractor shall take full responsibility for the stability and safety of alloperations carried out and all methods of work adopted. The Contractor shallalso take full responsibility for stability and safety of all existing facilities/utilities/ roads/ etc. affected by any construction operation, design and methodadopted during executing the Work as defined in this specification.

Contractor shall be deemed to have inspected the work area(s) and theirsurroundings and to have satisfied himself as to the form and nature thereof,

including sub-surface conditions, hydrological and climatic conditions, theextent and nature of the Work, the materials necessary for the completion ofthe work and the means of access to all the work area(s). No claims either byway of cost or time shall be admissible on account of non-familiarity with siteconditions due to Contractor's failure to fully assess and fully allow forpossible conditions throughout the contract period at the work sites or ingaining access to them, before submitting his bid.

Contractor shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information asabove referenced and have included for all risks, contingencies and any othercircumstances, which may influence the work.

Contractor shall, in connection with the work, provide and maintain at his owncost all lights, safety barriers, fencing, watchmen (and associated facilities)etc., when and where necessary, as required by EIC or by any dulyconstituted authority and/or by the authorities having jurisdiction thereof forthe protection of the Work and properties or for the safety and theconvenience of public and/or others. Not withstanding the soil type or methodof construction indicated in the alignment sheets. Contractor shall use thetype of construction required by the actual soil conditions at site afterobtaining EIC approval as part of his scope of work.

3.1 Specification Deviation / Concession ControlAny technical deviations to the Specifications and its attachments shall beobtained by the Contractor only through formal Concession Request.

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Concession Requests require EIC's approval prior to implementation of theproposed changes. Technical changes implemented prior to EIC approval aresubject to rejection and any related remedial or repair works shall be atcontractors expense.

3.2 Quality Assurance / Quality Control

A copy of the Contractor's QA/QC program shall be submitted to the EIC withits quotation for review and concurrence prior to award. If Contractor's QA/QC

programme is ISO 9000 certified, then only a copy of the ISO 9000 certificateis required. In addition, if Contractor's facility is ISO certified, QA auditrequirements will be waived in favour of ISO 9000 registrar audits, unless theEIC's trend analysis program indicates areas of concern.

The Contractor shall identify in documents to its manufacturers, suppliers,vendors and subcontractors all applicable QA/QC requirements imposed bythe EIC, and shall ensure compliance. On request, Contractor shall provideobjective evidence of its QA/QC surveillance for all levels of its activity.

3.3 Facilit ies for Engineer-in-Charges Staff

Contractor shall provide office and IT facilities for the EICs Staff.Accommodation shall be provided both in the design office and at the projectsite offices for 6 number staff for the full duration of activities at theselocations. EIC's staff shall be provided with IT facilities and software includingPCs with MS office, internet browser, email software, drawing viewing utilityand any other software to be agreed with the EIC, a colour printer at eachlocation and an internet connection; a single licence for Primavera shall alsobe provided at each location. IT systems shall not be connected toContractors network. In addition desks, telephone and facsimile andphotocopying facilities shall be provided. Contractor shall provide stationaryand office consumables. Accommodation shall be air conditioned andserviced by the Contractor. Contractor shall provide a meeting room for EICsstaff. At design offices, access shall be given to welfare facilities and at siteoffices separate welfare facilities shall be provided for sole use of Ownersstaff.

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4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

The following climatic conditions are typical at the job site.

i) Wind Prevailing Direction SW (

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5.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION

5.1 Pre-Construction Survey

Prior to commencement of any construction activities, the Contractor shallcarry out a Pre-Construction Survey using stakes to identify the pipelinecentreline and define the Right-Of-Way (ROW) boundaries.

Contractor shall take a photographic record of the condition of the ROW, thepipeline route, all access roads, temporary work access, storage sites etc withthe location of these photos being tagged and plotted onto a common mapand shall submit a copy to the EIC prior to commencing any works. This will beused to record conditions prior to construction and to ensure thatreinstatement is undertaken to the same or better standard. Thesephotographs shall be input to the Geographical Information System (GIS).

Further photographs shall be taken at monthly intervals during constructionand at the completion of works immediately prior to hand back of land toowners / occupiers; these shall also be added to the GIS system.

Contractor shall stake the entire pipeline route(s) in accordance with thealignment sheets and subsequent data developed during the detailed design

phase of the Project.Contractor shall initially verify all field survey controls. Where the originalcontrol points have been destroyed or disturbed the Contractor shall reinstatethese control points to a minimum standard equivalent to "Order C, Class 3category survey" in accordance with the "Geometric Geodetic AccuracyStandards and Specifications for using GPS Relative PositioningTechniques," Version 5.0: May 1988.

Contractor shall stake the pipeline centreline and Right-Of-Way (ROW)corridor in accordance with the "Approved for Construction" AlignmentSheets. The stakes shall be placed at maximum intervals of 100 m and at allangle points, fences, existing pipelines, existing above or below ground

facilities, cathodic protection test points, extra depth ditch locations. Stakesshall also be placed at tangent points etc. to ensure unobstructed centrelinevisibility in either direction along the pipeline route. In urban areas, aroundroads and other locations where staking the ROW would present a health andsafety hazard Contractor shall use an alternative method of marking theROW. This shall be sufficiently robust to last for the construction period andshall be approved by the EIC.

In areas where it is difficult to follow the centreline when staked at 100mintervals, the stakes shall be set at 50 m intervals or less to ensureunobstructed visibility.

Contractor shall establish reference points every 500 meters along the

pipeline route. The reference points shall be positioned 25 meters offset frompipeline centreline. A shorter distance may be used where there is a restrictedwidth to the ROW.

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Standard construction limits shall be staked at 200m intervals along thepipeline route. Construction limits for special sections, including but not limitedto, extra working width at crossings, extra depth ditch crossings and lay downareas shall also be staked.

Contractor, as part of his Scope of Work, shall investigate and establish anydevelopment which may have taken place since the topographical survey wascarried out by the EIC during FEED and shall submit detailed documentationto the EIC to support any proposed realignment of the surveyed pipeline routeresulting from the actual conditions encountered during his investigations or

as required by the relevant Local Authorities. Any realignment of the surveyedpipeline route shall be subject to EIC approval prior to implementation.

The final pipeline alignment shall be subject to Approval of the EIC.

5.2 Right-Of-Way (ROW)

The ROW shall have the dimensions indicated on typical drawings oralternative ROW width and details are to be submitted for approval by EIC.The pipelines location in the ROW shall be approved by EIC.

Contractor shall be responsible for identifying and securing all space over and

above the ROW required for safe and correct construction of the pipeline.This mainly relates to camp areas, lay down and storage areas and bases forcrossings etc.

The extents of the ROW shall be marked, in rural areas this may be done byusing posts and marker tape. Where there is the possibility of intrusion theROW shall be fenced, to the satisfaction of the EIC so as to protect the healthand safety of people in the vicinity and prevent the intrusion of livestock.Contractor shall place warning notices in English, Hindi and Oriya withwording to be approved by the EIC.

Contractor shall co-ordinate with all local authorities and utility owners toobtain approval on ROW.

Prior to any clearing operation, Contractor shall become familiar with allprovisions on the land allocated for the pipeline alignment and shall use hisbest endeavours to comply fully with such provisions and to avoid damage toproperty, and other pipeline facilities on or adjacent to the ROW.

Contractor shall locate and identify all existing buried and above groundservices, such as cables, pipelines, water mains, sewers, etc., including thosenot shown on the drawings that cross or are at close proximity to the pipeline.Contractor shall establish contact with relevant owners and / or Authorities,prior to carrying out appropriate surveys and exposing of services by handexcavation.

The located buried services within the ROW shall be clearly marked andprotected / fenced by methods approved by EIC.

Contractor shall submit for EIC review, proposals detailing the precautionarymeasures to be taken for avoiding damage to existing pipelines, electrical

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lines and cables, fences, roads, drainage, and any other existing above orbelow ground structures or property adjacent to or crossing the pipeline beingconstructed.

Unless unavoidable, the cutting or removal of trees is strictly prohibited.Where felling trees is unavoidable Contractor shall have all necessary permitsbefore work commences.

All work carried out in the vicinity of existing pipelines and associatedinstallations shall comply with safety precautions and safety practices agreed

by EIC.

5.3 Clearing, Grading and Backfill ing of ROW

Where the ROW passes through agricultural land, amenity land or landassociated with dwellings, before any other construction activity, Contractorshall strip, store separately, preserve and keep free of weeds topsoil for laterre-use in its original location.

Topsoil shall mean the top layer of soil that can support vegetation.

Where practicable allowing for the populated nature of the surrounding theroute, after the ROW has been cleared, the Contractor shall grade the ROW

to provide safe access to the pipeline during construction.

Contractor shall grade the ROW to remove sharp, high points and tomaximize laying within the limits permissible for elastic bending.

Where the construction ROW follows or crosses roads, tracks, overheadpower lines, agricultural land or any other improved or confined areas,Contractor shall grade only the width of the ROW necessary for digging thepipeline trench. In areas where the construction activities require a greaterwidth, Contractor shall obtain prior approval and permits from Authoritieshaving jurisdiction and notify the EIC before commencing any clearingoperations.

Contractor shall maintain and preserve survey monuments already staked onground such as Bench Marks and Intersection/Turning Points until theconstruction operations are completed. Contractor shall re-establish missingbench marks, as directed by the EIC, to allow accurate levels to be takenduring pipe laying or as-built survey of the pipeline.

Contractor shall carry out all Pipeline survey and levelling of line and gradesincluding as-built survey necessary to complete the work and shall beresponsible for the accuracy of such survey and final grades level.

The stakes and markings installed by Contractor to define ROW boundaryand pipeline centreline for purposes of clearing, grading and backfillingoperation shall be maintained throughout construction.

Contractor shall install distinct markers, approved by EIC, for identifyingspecial points and their respective chainages. The markers shall be used forbut not limited to identifying contract limits, warning notices, foreign services

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and special crossings, change of wall thickness and above ground installationetc.

The type of markers and material used shall be approved by the EIC so as toserve their purpose. Contractor shall be responsible for the maintenance andreplacement of the reference line markers until the permanent pipelinemarkers are placed and the as-built drawings are approved.

5.4 Access Roads

Clearing of the ROW shall be carried out in conjunction with the constructionof the access roads. Contractor shall grade the ROW and construct accessroad to allow the safe movement of loaded trucks and equipment withoutcausing undue wear and tear of graded surface.

While grading the ROW, Contractor shall consider the level of any nearbyexisting or planned road / future development, which will affect the pipelinelevel when laid. Pipeline level should be above the level of such facilities /utilities.

Contractor shall construct all temporary accesses such as ramps, temporarybridges, etc., to enable plant, equipment and personnel to cross obstructions

safely and efficiently. The temporary accesses shall permit continuous use ofvehicles and construction traffic to preserve the banks and structure of thecrossings. Existing crossings shall not be filled or otherwise obstructedwithout approval of the person or Authority having effective control orownership over such crossings. Prior to commencing the work Contractorshall furnish to the EIC with the respective approval notices.

Where the route crosses existing above ground services Contractor shallconstruct bridges. The design and construction of these bridges of these shallhave the approval of the relevant owner / operator and the EIC.

Contractor shall construct ramps where the R.O.W. crosses existing aboveground pipelines. The pipelines shall be provided with external corrosion

coating and wrapping at the crossing location. The ramp shall be built-up sothat a minimum soil cover of 1.5 m is available on the top of the existing pipes.

5.5 Fences and Barriers

Contractor shall install suitable fencing for the construction zone to thesatisfaction of EIC on either side of ROW where it is essential to ensuresafety and non-interference, especially in industrial or in inhabited areas, etc.,or in the proximity of roads or other installations.

Contractor shall provide and install heavy grade barriers at any locationwhere traffic might accidentally encroach on the construction.

Fencing and barriers shall be continuously maintained. In addition Contractorshall provide warning signs in English, Hindi and Oriya with wording to beapproved by the EIC.

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Contractor shall note that traffic both motorised and un-motorised cross anumber of the tracks that pass over (and obstruct) the ROW and thatprovision will be necessary for these activities to continue with the minimumof delay. Permits from the Authorities will be necessary even for brief closuresof these tracks.

Any road or track obstructed by construction of pipeline shall be restored byContractor by suitable detour as required to the satisfaction of authoritieshaving jurisdiction.

On completion of construction, the Contractor shall restore any damaged orrelocated fencing on pipeline corridors and property boundaries to theiroriginal condition. Contractor shall be liable for any damage, claims or actionsarising from breaches made in existing fences.

5.6 Removal of Debris

Contractor shall remove all debris, timber, rock and similar material, etc.dislodged from the ROW and progressively dispose of it in a manner andmethod satisfactory to EIC and Government / State Authorities havingjurisdiction over the areas concerned. Contractor shall be responsible fordisposal of all surplus material to approved sites arising out of clearing and

grading operations.

Clearing of the ROW shall be carried out in conjunction with the constructionof the access roads. Contractor shall grade the ROW and construct accessroad to allow the safe movement of loaded trucks and equipment withoutcausing undue wear and tear of graded surface.

While grading the ROW, Contractor shall consider the level of any nearbyexisting or planned road / future development, which will affect the pipelinelevel when laid. Pipeline level should be above the level of such facilities /utilities.

5.7 Restric ted ROW

When the ROW passes through agricultural land, public roads, electric powerlines or other restricted areas, the available ROW shall be limited to minimumwidth required for the actual trench excavation and construction of thepipeline. Contractor shall perform the work in such a manner so as not tocause damage to any tree, and crop (unless permits for removal are in placeor compensation payments made), public road and overhead power lines etcduring the construction activities.

Contractor shall also adopt a restricted ROW when the new pipeline crossesexisting above ground or buried pipelines, roads, cables, and other similar

conditions. Contractor shall perform work in such a manner as not to interruptthe operations or cause damage to the existing pipeline or other suchservices. Interruption to services shall only be done by the owner / operator ortheir appointed agent.

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Contractor shall not be entitled to extra compensation for the hardship and/orincreased costs caused by the construction areas being adjacent to difficultterrain construction across roads, flooded areas, communication structures,wires, cables, other pipelines, overhead power lines, crops, farms or otherobstacles, which may physically restrict or limit the use of the ROW provided.It is understood that the Contractor has recognized such restrictive features ofthe ROW and has included an allowance for all necessary costs arising fromtrenchless construction in the CONTRACT Price.

5.8 ROW Damages

Contractor shall be liable for any and all remedial work called by EIC as aresult of damage to existing pipelines and associated equipment, tracks,roads, highways, and all other utilities, etc. caused by him during execution ofthe works. Contractor agrees to carry out such works as and when requiredby this Specification, and/or by the EIC.

5.9 Provisions of Diversion

At locations where any part of the work is routed along, over, under or across

tracks, roads or highways, Contractor shall, as part of his scope of work,provide and maintain diversions, temporary bridges and traffic controlsincluding warning lights as may be required by the respective Authorities. TheWork shall also include permanent diversions required due to site conditionsand as directed by EIC.

Public travel shall not be unnecessarily inconvenienced nor shall it be whollyobstructed at any point during Construction activities.

Contractor shall provide at no extra cost, watchmen at any location wheresafety and work operations justify their use, or where called for by the EIC. Inaddition, Contractor shall also provide and maintain diversions, suitablelighting, barricades, adequate advance warning signs, wherever necessary,

to fully protect the public and facilitate the smooth running of the Contract.Diversion of utilities as required shall be permitted by the relevant authorityboth permitting and the exaction of the work shall be the responsibility ofContractor. Where the authority requires direct labour or a nominatedcontractor to be used Contractor shall be responsible for managing the workand payment.

5.10 Pipel ine Re-Routes

Contractor shall carry out as part of his Scope of Work any local realignmentof the pipeline route and/or design modifications as directed by the local

Statutory Authorities or as required due to actual site conditions, recentdevelopments or the presence of any underground structure or utility foundduring excavation. Contractor shall be responsible for obtaining all requiredapproval from statutory authorities for any pipeline re-route.

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6.0 CONSTRUCTION

6.1 Pipe Issue, Handling, Hauling, Stringing and Storage

6.1.1 Pipe Issue

Contractor shall procure the Line Pipe to Project Document 3210-8210-SP-0007. Upon receipt pipe condition shall be recorded by Contractor. Anydamage or defects shall be brought to the immediate attention of the EIC.

Prior to receipt of the line pipe, Contractor shall submit for EIC approval, a

comprehensive Handling, Storage and Transportation Procedure detailing themethods and equipment to be used for handling and stacking of coated pipesat least 21 days prior to commencement of handling operations.

6.1.2 Pipe Lay Down Areas

Contractor shall be responsible for negotiating the use of, permitting, enablingworks, access, fencing and security of sufficient lay down areas to store pipeand other pipeline fittings and materials. Contractor to determine the number,location and duration of operation of lay down areas it meet contractprogramme and materials delivery schedules.

6.1.3 Handling of Pipe

Contractor shall be responsible for handling, hauling, stockpiling, storage andstringing of the coated line pipe.

Contractor shall be responsible for providing suitable plant and equipment insufficient quantity to transport the line pipe safely and efficiently in such amanner that prevents damage to both the coating and line pipe.

Pipe and factory bends shall be adequately restrained, padded and securedin position, in a manner approved by the EIC, during transportation, stringingoperations and during storage at pipe dumps.

Pipe shall be clearly marked and stacked separately according to wallthickness. Under no circumstances shall any stack contain pipes of different

wall thickness.During lifting operations, Contractor shall ensure pipes are not allowed todrop or strike objects, which will damage the pipe or coatings. The pipes shallbe lifted or lowered from one level to another using a spreader boom suitablyrated and certified equipment. Lifting hooks, when used, shall be equippedwith a plate bent to fit the curvature of the pipe and which shall be fitted with asoft insert to prevent damage to the pipe wall or bevelled ends. Duringhoisting operations, the included angle of the wire ropes shall be largeenough to prevent the wire ropes coming into contact with the externalcoating, whilst still maintaining a safe lift. Rolling, skidding or dragging ofpipes shall be strictly forbidden.

Handling of coated pipes shall be carried out using flat slings and belts,minimum width of 150 mm, made from non-metallic/non-abrasive materials.The use of round sectional slings is prohibited.

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Coated pipes shall, at all times, be stacked clear of the ground by a minimumof 150 mm to ensure the bottom row of pipes remain free from surface watercontact. The stacked pipes shall be inclined to prevent driving rain collectinginside the pipe.

Layers of soft, stone free sand and covered with a plastic film or woodensupports provided with suitable cover shall be provided to stack the coatedpipes on. The supports shall be spaced in such a manner as to avoidpermanent bending of the pipes, particularly when stacking thin wall pipes.The pipes shall be stacked so that the uncoated bevelled ends are in line at

one end, thus making differences in lengths clearly noticeable.

The coated pipes shall be stacked in a manner and to a height approved bythe EIC. Each pipe shall be separated by means of spacers suitably spacedto enable safe lifting of the pipes without damaging the coatings. Stacks shallconsist of pipe sections having the same diameter, wall thickness andmanufacturer.

All coated pipes stacked in open storage yards/stock piled shall be suitablycovered, as approved by the EIC, to reduce exposure to direct sunlight.During handling and stacking, Contractor shall ensure all pipe ends areprotected with the bevel protectors supplied with the pipe. Contractor shallreplace any bevel protectors found to be missing.

Lorries transporting the line pipe shall be equipped with cradle type pipesupports lined with a soft non-abrasive rubber material to secure the pipesand prevent coating damage during transit. Each pipe length shall be loadedinto individual cradles and secured to the trailer / lorry using web type slings.Loading and transportation of pipes without the cradle supports is prohibited.The cradles shall be positioned to support equal loads exerted from the pipewhilst providing support for at least 10 percent of the pipe length. The rubberprotection shall be free from all nails and staples where in contact with thepipes.

All lorry trailer stanchions used for pipe transportation shall be covered with asoft non-abrasive rubber material such as rubber belts or equivalent.Contractor shall take extra care to properly cover the stanchion tops and anyother exposed sharp edges of the trailer body to prevent damage to the linepipe coated surface following accidental contact.

6.1.4 Pipeline Management System

Contractor shall supply a comprehensive pipeline management system totrack pipes from the factory to stringing location and final location asmeasured by GIS, the system shall integrate with GIS. The output from thepipeline management system shall form part of the as built records.

6.1.5 Hauling and Stringing of Pipe

Pipe shall be unloaded from the stringing trucks and lowered onto the groundusing Spreader beams, side booms, telescopic mobile crane or other suitableequipment approved by the EIC.

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Pipes shall be strung alongside the pipeline alignment on supports properlyspaced with the pipe clear of the ground.

The pipes shall be strung parallel to the pipeline alignment at a suitable andconstant distance from the centre line of the trench. Stringing on the ROWshall be carried out in such a manner as to minimise interference to trucksnormally using the access tracks crossing the ROW. Contractor shall leavegaps at regular intervals or wherever requested by other users to permit thepassage for traffic or equipment across the ROW and along public roads orhighways. Pipe stringing shall be carried out in such a manner as not to

cause a hazard or possible damage to the public and local traffic.

All coated pipes strung on the ROW shall be supported in such a manner thateach pipe is free from contact with the ground at all times. Pipes shall besupported using wooden cradles with a crutch type configuration. Supportsshall be constructed using hardwood timber from sustainable sources.

Contractor shall track each individual pipe by recording the pipe number, steelheat number, pipe length, wall thickness and location, throughout thestringing operation.

The pipe tracking records shall be updated to "As-Built" as constructionprogresses and shall include the weld numbers, welding operator's

identification number and location of each weld. The final "As-Built" recordswill be loaded into the GIS package shall be submitted to the EIC followingcompletion of the welding operations.

Pipes shall not be strung on the ROW more than 3 (three) kilometres inadvance of the mainline welding, unless specifically permitted in writing by theEIC.

Pipe ends shall be protected with plastic end covers to prevent ingress ofsand and construction debris whilst the pipes are strung along the ROW.

6.1.6 Damaged Pipes

Once the pipes have been strung, the EIC and Contractor's Representatives

shall jointly inspect each individual pipe. All defective pipe ends shall benoted and repaired. Defective pipe lengths shall be noted and repaired orrejected as directed by the EIC.

6.1.7 Care of Other Materials

Materials supplied by the Contractor shall be properly stored in a safe &secure area and shall not be strung on the ROW. When required thematerials shall be transported onto the ROW in covered vehicles anddelivered direct to the desired location. Provision of all storage areas,buildings, sheds and associated services shall be the responsibility of theContractor.

All materials shall be suitably stored and protected, in accordance with theManufacturer's recommendations, to prevent deterioration as a result ofexposure to high temperatures and adverse environmental conditions.Deteriorated materials and materials with an expired shelf life shall not be

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used but shall be removed from the site. Contractor shall replace all suchmaterials at no cost to Owner and shall dispose the materials in accordancewith procedures in accordance with the requirements of the Local Authoritiesand EIC.

During loading, unloading, storage and use, the materials mentioned aboveshall always be handled with care and in accordance with the manufacturer'srecommendations, to prevent deterioration, adulteration or dispersion. Inaddition the materials shall be stored so as to prevent injury to human oranimal health and to the environment. When supplied in containers and

envelopes, they shall not be dropped or thrown, or lifted using hooks duringhandling operations. The containers shall only be disposed of in accordancewith procedures approved by the EIC and Local Authorities.

Contractor shall ensure the materials that are sensitive to the environmentconditions remain free from contact and contamination with water, mud, sand,earth, dust, crushed stone and any other foreign material during unloading,transport and application operations.

Volatile materials, which are susceptible to change in properties and primarycharacteristics, when stored incorrectly, shall be stored in strict accordancewith the Manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Contractor shallpay particular attention to the temperature and humidity storage conditions.

Materials liable to corrosion whilst in storage shall be treated in accordancewith the Manufacturer's recommendations. In the absence of suchinstructions, the Contractor shall exercise proper care and diligence includingthe application of an appropriate preservative to the affected components.

Flammable materials shall be stored in special safe storage locations inaccordance with EIC and Local Authority procedures.

6.2 Pipe Installation

6.2.1 Pipe Bends

Where possible, Contractor shall provide for changes of vertical and horizontalalignment by elastic flexing of the pipeline. Contractor may provide cold fieldbends, minimum radius of 40 diameters, at his option for change of directionand change of slope. Use of hot bends shall be minimised and shall berestricted to locations where such bends are required due to a space / levelconstraint and after all other options have been exhausted.

Overbends shall be made in such a manner that the centre of the bends clearsthe high points of the trench bottom. Sag bends shall fit the bottom of thetrench and side bends shall conform and leave clearance to the outside wall ofthe trench.

6.2.2 Elastic BendsThe minimum allowable radius for elastic bends in the buried or above groundsections of pipeline shall be based on the maximum allowable bend stress

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specified in the applicable Pipeline Design Code. The elastic bend shall becontinuously supported over its entire length.

Any bend radius with less than the permitted elastic bend minimum shall beproduced using a cold field bending technique.

6.2.3 Cold Field Bends

Cold Bends shall be produced using a cold, smooth-stretch technique utilisingpurpose built equipment as approved by the EIC, in such a manner as topreserve the cross-sectional shape of the pipe. The bending machine shall

use an internal mandible to prevent ovalisation. Under no circumstances shallheat be used for the purpose of bending the pipe.

The cold bends radius shall not be less than 40 times the pipe nominaldiameter.

Contractor shall use the correct size bending machine and mandrel and adoptrecognised and accepted methods for bending coated pipe in accordance withgood pipeline construction practice. The bending machine shall be of a typeapproved by the EIC.

Bending machines shall be capable of making bends without wrinkles,buckles, stretching and with minimum damage to the coating. Any damage to

the coating shall be repaired by the Contractor.Prior to commencement of the Work, Contractor shall submit and demonstrateto the EIC a bending procedure for each pipeline diameter, which shallconform to the recommendations of the Manufacturer of the bending machine.The procedure shall include lengths, maximum degree per pull and themethod and accuracy of measurement during pulling of the bend. Theprocedure and equipment used shall be subject to Approval of the EIC

Pipes with longitudinal welds shall be bent in such a way that the longitudinalweld lies in a plane through the neutral axis of the bend. The pipe shall beinstalled positioning the longitudinal weld in the upper quadrants. If horizontaldeviations are to be achieved by joining two or more adjacent bends, then

bending of the pipe lengths shall be made by positioning the longitudinalwelds alternately 70 mm above and below the plane passing through theneutral axis. This shall ensure that the bends are welded with the longitudinalwelds displaced by about 150 mm and situated in the upper quadrants. Wherevertical bends are to be formed by joining two or more adjacent bends, thelongitudinal welds shall be positioned alternately to the left and right of theplane passing through the neutral axis.

The pads, dies and rolls of the bending equipment shall have relatively softsurfaces to avoid damage to the line pipe coating. Where applicable, fullyretaining bending shoes shall be used. Roller-type bending machines arepreferred.

The tangent ends of each bend shall be straight and shall not have beensubjected in any way to the cold bending operation. The length of the straightsection shall be preserved to permit ease of alignment and field welding.

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Under no circumstances shall the start/end of the bend be any closer than 1.5m from the pipe end or within 1.5 m of a girth weld.

Ovalisation of a cold field bend shall not exceed 1.0 percent of the nominalpipeline diameter at any point. Ovalisation is defined as the reduction orincrease in the internal diameter of the pipe compared with the nominalinternal diameter. Contractor shall carry out a dimensional check on all bends,by passing an internal mandible, a gauge consisting of two discs of diameterequal to 95 percent of the nominal internal diameter of the pipe connectedrigidly together at a distance of 350 mm. The dimensional checks shall be

carried out and witnessed by the EIC during each cold bending operation.

6.2.4 Mitre and Unsatisfactory Bends

All cold field bends showing any signs of buckling, wrinkles, cracks or othervisible defects or which are in any way in conflict, in whole or in part, with thisSpecification shall be rejected.

Under no circumstances shall mitre bends he used during construction of thepipeline. Contractor shall cut out and remove any bend or bends, which do notmeet this Specification and shall replace the same with satisfactory bends atno cost to the Owner. All material required for replacement shall be suppliedby the Contractor. Cutting of factory made bends and cold field bends for any

purpose is not permitted without approval of the EIC.6.2.5 Care of Pipe

Contractor shall lay out and measure the pipe to minimise the number of cutlengths less than 1.5 meters long.

Where possible Contractor shall cut the pipes at tie-ins etc. to ensure the off-cuts are greater than 2 m in length. The off-cuts shall be moved forward andused for completing welded connections between the positioned pipelineinstead of cutting lengths from long pipe spools for this purpose.

Notwithstanding the above, the minimum distance between any twocircumferential welds shall be 1.5 m and there shall be no more than three (3)

circumferential welds in any eight (8) meter run.Pup pieces shall be inserted in the line within one week of being cut.

6.2.6 Pipe Defects and Repairs

Contractor shall be responsible for the repair or removal of all internal and/orexternal pipe defects as directed by EIC.

The acceptance criteria for all defects detected in the line pipe during routinesite inspections shall be in accordance with the latest editions of ASME B31.4and the relevant Project Design Specifications, whichever is the morestringent.

The maximum permissible dent depth in pipe is 3 % as defined in ASME 31.8of the nominal pipe diameter. Each dent shall be subject to a through visualexamination and shall be inspected by means of Non-destructive Testing(NDT) for the presence of any cracks.

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Dents which contain a scratch, gouge, arc burn or sharp groove and dentslocated at the longitudinal or circumferential weld seam shall be removed bycutting out the damaged section of pipe and replacing with a minimum 1.5metre length of line pipe.

Repairs to the line pipe shall be executed in accordance with thisSpecification, the Codes and Standards referenced in Sections 2.3 and 2.4and the Project Specific Documents.

Contractor shall maintain a record of all line pipe repairs containing the pipe

identification numbers. This repair record shall be submitted to the EIC.Before any cutting or repair, the pipe identification shall be transferred byContractor in the presence of EIC to any portion other than that to be cut off.Any pipe without identification number shall not be transported and / orwelded in the pipeline, but shall be removed from the site.

6.2.7 Swabbing, Pipe Bevelling and Cleaning Ends of J oints

Prior to aligning pipes for welding, each length of pipe shall be thoroughlyexamined both internally and externally to ensure that they are free from anyvisual defects and/or damage, severe local corrosion or corrosion pitting, dirt,animals or any other foreign objects. Immediately before welding each lengthof the pipe shall be adequately swabbed using a leather or canvas belt disc

having the correct diameter (not less than the pipe ID plus 10 mm) or by anyother suitable methods approved by the EIC. Damaged and/or corroded pipesshall be quarantined and removed from the site. Prior to welding operations,the concentricity of each length of pipe shall be checked by pulling through agauging plate, sized to the satisfaction of the EIC.

Immediately prior to aligning pipe for welding, the bevelled ends of each jointof pipe and the area 25 mm (minimum) back from the weld bevel, both insideand outside, shall be thoroughly cleaned of paint, rust, mill scale, dirt or otherforeign material using power-driven, wire-buffing brushes, or by other methodsapproved by the EIC.

All damaged pipe ends that, in the opinion of the EIC, will result in pooralignment or poor quality welding, shall be repaired or removed. The pipe endsshall be re-bevelled to the correct angle using a bevelling machine of a typeapproved by the EIC.

Contractor shall remove dents from the weld bevel with a depth less than 1mm during the cleaning and grinding operations. Where the dent depth in thebevel end is between 1 and 3 mm, Contractor shall re-bevel the pipe end.Dents over 3mm shall be repaired by removing the bevel end and re-bevellingthe cut section of pipe.

Repair of damaged pipe ends by hammering and/or heating is not allowed. Ifthe dented area is 200 mm or less away from the pipe end.

6.2.8 Pipe Handling and Skid Supports

When lifting pipe, care must be taken not to kink or overstress the pipe.Proper pipe slings of a type approved by the EIC shall be utilised during all

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lifting operations. All lifting equipment, including but not limited to, slings,shackles, spreader beams and chains etc., shall have current, valid safetycertification, copies of which shall be available to the EIC for inspection. Alllifting equipment shall have a colour coded tag with the colour changed at 3monthly intervals to indicate that it is covered by a current certificate.Damaged slings shall not be used, but shall be removed from the site.

Contractor shall submit, for EIC approval, proposals detailing the type of skidsupports and the spacing of skids to be utilised during constructionoperations. The protective material shall be approved by the EIC.

Skids shall be at least 1.2 m in length. The skids supporting the pipe shallhave a minimum width of 200 mm. The skidded pipe supports shall besufficiently stable to allow movement of the pipe without causing the supportsto move or become unstable. The skid supports shall be capable ofsupporting both axial and tangential movement, due to line pipe expansion,without any danger of the pipeline falling from the supports. Skids shall not beremoved from under the pipe before lowering in. The welded pipe shall bepositioned on skids a minimum distance of 500 mm from the ground.Crotches shall be installed at frequent intervals (at least every 4th support)with a greater number required at bends and undulating grounds.

6.2.9 Night Caps

At the end of each working shift, or every time joining and welding operationsare interrupted, the open ends on welded pipe strings shall be capped with asecurely fitting closed cap or cover of a type approved by EIC. The caps shallbe designed to prevent the entry of dirt, water, or any foreign material into thepipeline. These covers shall not be removed until the work is resumed. Thecaps or covers used shall be the mechanical type and shall not be attached topipe by welding or by any other means, which may dent, scratch or score thepipe.

6.2.10 Temporary Caps

Where welded pipe strings are to be left open for relatively long periods of

time before tie-in operations commence, for example at road, ditch andforeign service crossings, etc., temporary metal caps of a type approved byEIC shall be welded to the pipe ends.

6.3 Welding

All welding of line pipe shall be carried out on the surface with the exceptionof pipe laid in a narrow ROW where there is insufficient space to do so andwhere concrete coated pipe is too heavy to be lifted safely once welded.

The field welding and NDT of all the pipeline pipe, bends and flanges eitherabove or below ground, shall be carried out by the Contractor in accordance

with API 1104 and ASME IX.

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Contractor shall propose, prepare and carry out full scale procedures for thequalification of welding procedures for each of the pipelines for all aspectsand types of welding involved in the construction of the pipelines.

For the LPG pipelines mechanical sample testing shall be carried out atpipeline operating temperature.

Weld defect qualifications shall include two defect assessment criteria, onebased on good workmanship approach and a second on fitness for purposeonly the EIC is allowed to grant acceptance for a defect that fails the

workmanship criteria and passes the fitness for purpose criteria and this shallonly be granted in acceptation circumstances. No welding of any part orsection of the pipelines shall take place until the welding procedures arequalified and approved. These procedures shall not be varied withoutreference to and approval in writing from the EIC.

Each welder employed shall have full qualifications for all types of welding tobe carried out. Each welder shall be tested to requirements to be stipulatedby the EIC. The qualifications and tests shall be verified by the EIC before thewelder makes any welds on the pipeline.

Contractor shall ensure the pipe is fully supported during positional weldingoperations to prevent any movement and subsequent weld cracking. Earthing

clamps shall be connected to the bevel face and shall not rest on the parentmetal surface adjacent to the weld preparation area. Alignment of joints shallbe by internal line-up clamps. External clamps shall only be used with theapproval of the EIC. All clamps used shall be subject to approval of the EIC

Each pipe shall be swabbed to ensure it is free of debris before being insertedin the line. The open end of the laid pipe shall be securely closed whenlaying operations are interrupted, and shall not be opened until work isresumed.

All welded joints shall be subject to 100 % radiographic inspection.

6.4 Coatings6.4.1 Field J oint Coating

Field J oint Coating shall be carried out in accordance with Specification forField Coating Systems, Document Number 3210-8210-SP-0010.

6.4.2 Care in Handling Coated Pipe

Coated line pipe shall not be handled or moved by means of cables or chains,or levered using skids or bars, or dragged along the ground. The line pipeshall only be lifted, moved and laid using suitable lifting equipment of non-abrasive material having adequate width to prevent damage to the pipelinecoating. Care shall also be exercised when removing slings from around the

coated line pipe following lowering-in operations into the trench. Lowering-inusing a standard pipe cradle shall be permitted providing the Contractordemonstrates the pipe coating is not damaged. Under no circumstances shallthe pipeline be slung around the completed field joint coating.

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6.4.3 Repair of Damaged Coating

Before lowering-in operations commence, the integrity of the completedpipeline coating system shall be checked using a calibrated full-circle holidaydetector at 25KV. This shall ensure a 100 percent, holiday-free pipeline(factory and field joint) coating system. Contractor shall repair all damages tothe satisfaction of the EIC. All points on the pipeline where the coating hadbeen in contact with either skids or lifting equipment during handling shall becarefully inspected for damage, denting or other defects and shall becompletely repaired. Should it be necessary, after checking, to place the

pipeline back onto supports on the bottom of the trench, the supports shall bepadded in such a way as to prevent damage to the coating. Before the lastoperation, a check must be made of the coating at points of contact with thesupports.

6.4.4 Laying Operations

Where multiple pipelines are being placed in parallel with a single excavation.Contractor shall install a continuous temporary barrier, made from 50 mmtimber or other suitable material, to protect the pipeline within the trench fromsubsequent laying operation.

The barrier shall remain in place until the pipeline is backfilled to a suitable

surround and cover offer protection to the satisfaction of EIC.When it becomes apparent the pipeline is being laid under tension as a result,for example, of incorrect positioning of bends (either horizontal or vertical), thetrench shall be modified to match the pipeline configuration. In exceptionalcircumstances, following approval from the EIC, a new assembly shall befabricated, at no cost to Owner, to fit the excavation and laying bed.

Pipeline laying operations shall be carried out under safe conditions to avoidunacceptable induced stresses and temporary deformation that may causeconsequent damage to the pipeline coating. Where the ROW is restricted toless than the minimum necessary for the movement of mechanical equipment,the laying operations shall be carried out using other suitable means.

The line pipe shall be placed smoothly onto the trench bottom or excavationfloor whilst preventing any jerking, falling and impact movements that mayinduce stresses. Contractor shall ensure that the deformation caused duringlifting the pipeline from the skid supports does not exceed the minimumallowable radius of elastic curvature. This will ensure the stress on thepipeline and coating remain within safe limits and over stressing of the pipeand subsequent permanent deformation does not occur.

The suspended section of the pipeline between the trench bottom and skidsshall be supported using sufficient side-booms to hold the pipeline in a gentleS-curve whilst maintaining the minimum elastic bend radius. The number oflifting points shall be adequate to allow safe and efficient pipe laying

operations to be carried out and shall be approved by the EIC.

The entire length of available pipeline section shall be laid without interruption.Where water is present, no laying shall be permitted until the trench has been

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completely drained allowing the necessary time to carry out the visualinspection of the trench bottom and subsequent bed on which the pipe is to belaid.

Contractor shall take precautions immediately following lowering-in to preventmovement of the pipe in the trench.

6.5 TRENCHING

6.5.1 Excavation

Contractor shall excavate the pipeline trench on the pipeline alignment as perApproved for Construction drawings.

Trenching operations shall not commence until the staked pipeline centrelinehas been approved by the EIC. The Contractor is to excavate the trenchalong the staked centre line of the pipelines.

Contractor shall excavate the pipeline trench on the cleared and graded ROWusing any method approved by the EIC.

Top soil shall be stripped, set aside and managed so that it can be used forfinal reinstatement. Care shall be taken that no debris or other material

becomes mixed with the topsoil.Care shall be exercised to ensure that fresh material recovered fromtrenching operations, intended for back filling over the pipe in the trench is notmixed with loose debris or other foreign material.

To assist the operator in achieving good trench alignment, a banksman shallattend the operation of each unit of excavation equipment. He shall alsoensure personnel do not enter the working area of the excavation equipment.

Provisions and use shall be made of sheet piling and shuttering materials,jacks, pumps, etc as required to maintain the trench in good condition untilthe pipeline has been lowered-in and backfill of the trench has beensatisfactorily completed.

6.5.2 Normal Cover and Trench Dimensions

Normally, the trench shall be excavated to a minimum width so as to provide,on both sides of the installed pipeline, the clearance as indicated in theconstruction report and to a depth sufficient to provide the minimum coverreferenced in this Specification. The dimensions referenced in thisSpecification shall be strictly adhered to except where otherwise specified ordetailed on the detail pipeline drawings.

The cover shall be measured from the top of the coated pipe, after it has beenlaid in the trench or placed on the formation level, to the level of the originalground or modified profile in areas of cut.

6.5.3 Minimum Cover Requirements for Pipe

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Following are the minimum cover requirements for the pipeline:

Normal Terrain 1.0 m

Industrial & Populated Areas 1.0 m

Asphalt Road Crossing (Metalled) 2.0 m

Track Crossing 1.0 m

Railway Crossing 2.0 m

Canal Crossing 2.0 m

River Crossing 2.0 m

All minimum cover requirements are as stated in typical drawings. Contractorshall provide additional cover to Pipeline in areas identified in the drawings.

6.5.4 Extra Depth and Clearances

Contractor shall excavate to extra depth where the pipeline approaches andcrosses other pipelines, sewers, drains, water mains, telephone cables andother underground services. The pipeline shall be laid to a depth so that the

top of the pipeline is at least 1 m below the bottom of the existing facility(pipeline / cable, etc.) If greater minimum distances are required by therelevant authorities or owners, those distances shall be maintained.

Where the pipeline crosses areas where easements specifically require extradepth of cover the trench shall be excavated to the extra depth as required.

Contractor shall excavate all such additional depths, as necessary, at noextra cost to the EIC.

6.5.5 Watercourse Crossings

Ditches streams and minor canals may be crossed by flumed crossings.

Larger watercourses and the canals shall be crossed by a culvert crossing.6.5.6 Protection of Underground Utilities

Where the new pipeline routes follow existing facilities, the Contractor shallensure the safety and protection of these existing facilities. Contractor shallco-ordinate closely with relevant Operations departments / Services during allconstruction phases particularly during excavation work. Contractor shallobtain all requirements of the Owner / Authority for the Facilities / Services andshall strictly comply with these requirements during all phases of pipelineconstruction with no extra cost and / or time implication to EIC. All Safetyrequirements highlighted by Operation departments while issuing work permitshall be strictly followed by Contractor as part of his Scope of Work.

Contractor shall make reasonable efforts to obtain plans and full details of allexisting and planned underground services from the relevant Local Authoritiesand Facility Operators. Contractor shall follow these plans closely at all times

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during execution of the Work and shall be responsible for location andprotection of all underground lines and structures, whether shown on thedrawings or not. Contractor shall use high resolution pipeline locators and allother means including manual excavation for locating the pipelines, utilitiesand substructures etc. as a part of his Scope of Work.

Contractor shall use apparatus designed to identify and locate undergroundservices prior to commencing excavation and at intervals as determined by therange of the equipment and agreed by the EIC.

In special locations, as specified by the EIC and/or Local Authorities, wherethe use of trenching machines or backhoes may result in unnecessarydamage to property and subsurface structures during excavation, Contractorshall excavate the trench manually as part of his Scope of Work. In all otherareas where the pipeline crosses underground services and structures, theContractor shall, prior to commencing trench excavation, hand excavate toexpose the services and structures, and clearly mark on as-built drawings thetype, diameter, horizontal and vertical position and angle of the services andstructures relative to the new pipeline.

Temporary underpinning or any other supports and protective devicesnecessary to protect the structure from damage shall be provided by theContractor. All temporary supports shall be approved by the owner / operator

prior to installation.

Contractor shall support the services and structures crossed both aboveand/or below ground as necessary to prevent any damage.

If, despite all precautions, any damage should occur to any services and / orstructures etc., the Contractor shall immediately contact the applicable Owner/ Authority. Replacement / repair and reinstatement of the damaged serviceand/or structure shall be carried out by the Contractor at his expense underthe direction and to the satisfaction of the Owner / Authority. If Contractor failsto complete the repairs or replacement in reasonable time, EIC reserves theright to have the repair/replacement completed by others and all associatedcosts shall be charged to Contractor's account. In some cases owner/Authority may wish to repair the damage by themselves. Under suchsituations, all cost associated with repair shall be reimbursed by Contractor torespective Owner / Authority.

In addition to temporary protection, Contractor shall also provide all permanentprotection measures to cables, services and existing pipelines crossed by thenew pipeline. All permanent protection measures shall be in accordance withrequirements imposed by the applicable Owners / Authorities.

Such works shall not be limited to providing additional, coating, sleeveing,concreting, etc. Permanent protection works are required for telephone andhigh voltage Power cables.

All protection works on telephone cables and high voltage power cables etc,shall be carried out under the direct supervision of the applicable Owner /Authority or when required, this Work shall be carried out directly by theOwner / Authority on a reimbursable cost basis. Contractor shall co-ordinate

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all activities associated with the protection works directly with the applicableOwner/Authority. Owner shall not be subject to any additional costs associatedwith these activities.

Where necessary and following clearance from the statutory authoritiesconcerned, Contractor shall arrange to re-route the services. The re-routingshall be carried out, subject to prior agreement, by the Contractor or anapproved sub-contractor nominated by the Statutory Authority. Contractorshall be responsible for all costs associated with re-routing of services.

6.5.7 Grading, Bedding and Finish of Trench or FormationThe trench or formation shall be cut or made to a grade that shall provide afirm, uniform and continuous support for the pipe. Changes in direction orelevation where possible should utilise the elastic bending of pipeline. Bendsshall only be made in the pipe at significant changes in grade of the trench.Hand grading of the trench bottom shall be minimised. To achieve this,Contractor shall dig the trench bottom as square as possible with hisequipments. Hand excavation in the trench shall be limited to removal ofloose rock and / or hard lumps of material.

In all cases where rock, gravel or hard material is encountered on the trenchbottom the EIC shall determine the extent of bedding that is required.

Compacted thickness of the bedding shall not be less than 200 mm. In areasthat are to be bedded, the trench shall be at least 200 mm deeper thannormally required, evenly and sufficiently bedded to keep the laid pipeline atleast 200 mm above bottom of excavated trench.

Bedding and padded material shall have a maximum size of 20 mm and besuitably graded. Acceptable bedding, as approved by the EIC, shall be placedin the trench prior to installation of the pipeline and around the pipelinefollowing installation. This shall ensure that both the sides and top of piperemain surrounded by a permanent layer of padding. The compacted layer ofpadding on top of the pipe corrosion coating shall be at least 200 mm.Padding materials that are approved by EIC shall be sand containing nogravel, rock or lumps of hard material.

6.5.8 Trench Crossings

Where the trench is cut across existing access roads or tracks etc., wherepracticable, Contractor shall propose and implement suitable diversions to thesatisfaction of local authorities. These shall however, have no cost impact tothe Owner. Where a suitable diversion cannot be agreed or upon theinstruction by the EIC, Contractor shall install temporary bridges to support thefull width of the roads or tracks. The temporary bridges shall be of adequatestrength and properly constructed to ensure public safety and allow passageof normal traffic with minimum inconvenience and interruption. Whereverdeemed necessary by the EIC, Contractor shall arrange to complete the

trenching, laying and backfilling of such crossings and to remove thetemporary bridging before the end of the regular work day in order to minimisethe potential hazard to night traffic.

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Contractor shall obtain the necessary permission, in writing, from the relevantauthorities before commencing any Work and shall ensure that all regulationsand requirements of that Authority are complied with. Contractor shall provideand maintain proper warning signs, which comply with current HighwayAuthority standards while the crossings are open. If such crossings are openat night, Contractor shall provide and use warning lights of a type approved bythe EIC and the relevant Authorities.

6.5.9 Protection of Trench and Boring Pits

Contractor shall maintain the trench and pits in good condition throughout theduration of the pipeline installation Works. OWNER shall not be liable for anyclaim by the Contractor for the collapse or caving of the trench sides before,during or following pipeline laying operations. Contractor shall supply, installand subsequently remove all materials necessary to support or shore thetrench and pit sides to prevent collapse or caving.

6.5.10 Dealing with Water

Contractor shall provide adequately sized de-watering equipment, shoring andany other equipment and materials necessary to safely excavate and/orsupport the trenches and pits. Any drainage sumps shall where practical besited out with the area excavated for the works. All works for drainage shall be

refilled with approved material to the level of the underside of the adjacentpermanent works. Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to preventany adjacent ground from being adversely affected by loss of fines throughany dewatering process. All trenches shall be maintained in a dry conditionthroughout the duration of the pipeline installation Works and until completionof backfill operations. All water pumped out from any construction works shallbe disposed in full compliance with environmental requirements.

Contractor shall develop a water management strategy and submit it to theEIC for approval.

Where the pipeline is laid close to existing pipelines, Contractor shall complywith the requirements of the Operator of the existing pipeline, with particular

emphasis to safety, procedures and additional protection, etc. as a part of hisscope of work.

6.6 Special Crossings - Road / Railway Crossings

6.6.1 General

Crossing of roads, railways, buried services, etc. with plant, equipment and/orpersonnel shall only take place after the Contractor has obtained writtenapproval from the relevant Authorities and after making provisions forsafeguarding the roads, railway, verges and buried services etc. TheContractor shall make available, for EIC review, the written approval and shall

comply fully with the restrictions and conditions referenced therein.In accordance with Local Authority requirements, Contractor shall provide anundertaking to produce and install a competent road crossing design andshall make good any damage caused to the road or surrounding areas as a

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result of construction works. All remedial works shall be carried out byContractor to the satisfaction of the relevant local Authority.

It shall be Contractor's responsibility to become familiar with all relevantrequirements and regulations of the Authorities and Governmental bodieshaving jurisdiction over railways, highways, roads, pipelines, overhead powercables and other foreign services, on the ROW, or crossing the ROW and toobtain their approval in provision of Drawings and Specifications of therelevant Authorities. In the event that the Authorities requirements andspecifications are more stringent than the EIC's, then the Authority's

requirements shall be complied with at no additional cost to the EIC.

It is generally the relevant authoritys preference for crossings to be cased. Inorder to minimise future corrosion issues, where possible Contractor shallobtain permits based on uncased crossings.

Where crossings are uncased heavy wall pipe as per the design outlined inthe project document Specification for Design of Product Pipelines DocumentNumber 3210-8210-SP-0033 or as verified by detailed design whichever isthe most stringent.

Highways, main-roads and their verges shall not be used for loading,unloading or stacking of materials and/or equipment. Unloading on secondary

roads is only permitted after prior approval from the relevant Authorities.Contractor shall not close or divert roads without prior approval from EIC andthe relevant Authorities.

Road diversions, if required, shall comply with the written approval from therelevant authorities and the specifications and conditions referenced therein.

Contractor shall submit, for EIC approval, proposals for installation of thecrossings, including, the schedule, details of the methods to be used, line andlevel control, the type of equipment and the results of all investigations andsurveys. Work on the crossing shall not commence until the proposedmethods and procedures have been approved in writing and no objection hasbeen received from the relevant Authorities concerned.

Construction of crossing shall include all necessary clearing, grading,excavating, shoring, de-watering, trenching to the required depth and widths,welding, coating, lowering, backfilling, clean up, restoration and any additionalWork required completing the crossing in a safe manner.

Prior to commencing installation of the crossings, the Contractor shall providesuitable barriers, adequate traffic warning signals and/or traffic lights andsuitable diversions as directed by EIC and in full compliance with relevantAuthority requirements. Diversions shall not cross sections of the newpipeline unless, in the EIC's opinion, the pipeline is adequately protected.

Installation of the crossings shall comply with the EIC approved drawings

issued for construction. Contractor shall verify all crossing details provided inthe design documents and investigate measures to mitigate the same, as partof his scope of work.

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All crossings shall be constructed using pre tested sections of pipe.

All crossings shall have a layout based on the project specific typicaldrawings and shall have a specific design developed by Contractor andapproved by the EIC prior to construction.

6.6.2 Minor / Un-metalled Road / Track Crossings

Track and minor un-metalled road crossings may be performed using an opencut technique, providing the necessary road closure permits can be obtainedfrom the relevant authorities and interested Third Parties.

To avoid settlement in open cut crossings, the trench bottom shall be wellcompacted for a distance of not less than five meters beyond each side of thecrossing ROW limits to provide a firm bearing. The pipe shall then be laid onthe compacted trench bottom.

The track sub-surface and surface layers shall be reinstated to thesatisfaction of the relevant Authority and in accordance with the referenceddrawings, Specifications and requirements indicated by relevant Authorities.

Steel safety barriers shall be installed at all track and rig crossings to protectthe installed pipelines from third party damage. Safety barriers shall beinstalled in accordance with the requirements of the Engineer-in-Chief.

6.6.3 Major and Metalled Road Crossings

Crossing of all major and metalled roads shall be by trenchless techniquemethod approved by the EIC. Open cutting of metalled road shall beimplemented only after written permission is obtained from the Authoritieshaving jurisdiction.

Crash barriers shall be installed at all metalled road crossings to protect theinstalled pipeline from third party damage.

6.6.4 Railways

Crossing of all railways shall be by trenchless techniques subject to approvalof the EIC.

Crash barriers shall be installed at all railway crossings to p