330 4f massage wilson final [read-only] - aspmn€¦ · inr >6, pt > 25 sec, or ptt >90...

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9/26/2013 1 Marian Wilson PhD MPH RNBC Angie Thompson DPT Toni James RN MSN CNL CHPN Jess Symbal BSN RN Seiko Izumi PhD RN Authors Conflicts of Interest; A. Marian Wilson, No Conflict of Interest B. Angie Thompson, No Conflict of Interest C. Toni James, No Conflict of Interest D. Jess Symbal, No Conflict of Interest E. Seiko Izumi, No Conflict of Interest Identify gaps in inpatient care for providing multidimensional, nondrug strategies to alleviate pain and distress Understand how direct care nurses can be trained to apply massage to address gaps in care Consider potential benefits and challenges to offering RNdelivered massage to acute inpatients using pilot feasibility study data

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Page 1: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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1

Marian Wilson PhD MPH RN‐BC

Angie Thompson DPT

Toni James RN MSN CNL CHPN

Jess Symbal BSN RN

Seiko Izumi PhD RN

Authors Conflicts of Interest;

A. Marian Wilson, No Conflict of Interest

B. Angie Thompson, No Conflict of Interest

C. Toni James, No Conflict of Interest

D. Jess Symbal,  No Conflict of Interest

E.  Seiko Izumi, No Conflict of Interest

Identify gaps in inpatient care for providing  multidimensional, non‐drug strategies to alleviate pain and distress

Understand how direct care nurses can be trained to apply massage to address gaps in care

Consider potential benefits and challenges to offering   RN‐delivered massage to acute inpatients using pilot feasibility study data

Page 2: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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Pain intensity

Considers emotional, social, contextual, cognitive, cultural components of pain. 

Biology

Psychology

Sociology

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Specialized education

Negative attitudes; stereotypes

Trivializing pain

The need to diagnose and “cure”

Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research.

Improve assessments

Pain prevention

Interdisciplinary applications

Follow evidence‐based guidelines

Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research.

Pain legitimized

Believe the pain

Gains in quality of life

Institute of Medicine (2011)

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“...no single strategy is likely to offer optimal pain management. Quality pain 

management requires an interdisciplinary approach combining the talents and 

dedication of every member of the health care team.”

Oakes et al., 2008

St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital

Institute of Medicine (2011).

“…only a cultural transformation could substantially increase the accessibility and quality of pain care and thereby provide relief to many 

more Americans who need it.”

IOM, 2011

Page 5: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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Nurses should lead 

collaborative efforts to redesign practice  environments and improve quality of care.

IOM Future of Nursing:Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011)

Katherine Kolcaba’s midrange theory of comfort

Human beings strive to meet basic comfort needs.

“in stressful health care situations, unmet needs for comfort are met by nurses.”

Context of comfort: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural.

Comfort is a desired holistic outcome innate to nursing discipline.

Kolcaba, K. Y. (1994). A theory of holistic comfort for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 

Multidimensional intervention

Decreasing anxiety, fear            decreases pain

Pain is stressful!

Cortisol/norepinephrine

HR and BP increases

Page 6: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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Evidence for massage impacts: PainNauseaSleeplessnessAgitationDeliriumStress, AnxietyHR, BP 

Need evidence to quantify types and amounts of massage needed for improved outcomes.

Need evidence to know if nurses can and will apply this intervention.

Adams, R., et. al 2010: Massage therapists gave 30 min sessions; improved pain and relaxation

Tracy, S. 2010: Patients are receptive to slow stroke massage and other nondrug interventions after educational intervention

Beck, I., et al. 2009: Nurse assistants gave 20 min massage as part of ordinary care; themes emerged from patient interviews of security, dignity and feeling cared for  

Harris & Richards 2009: 21 studies of elderly find  physiological and psychological effects after slow stroke back & hand massage; 3 min slow stroke back and 10 min hand most common protocols

Seers, K., et al. 2008:  RNs with massage license gave 15 minute massage, reduced pain and anxiety x 1 hour

Page 7: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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To explore whether implementation of brief bedside massage applied by nurses is 

feasible and perceived as helpful to nurses  in alleviating patients’ pain and distress.

To describe encounters of brief bedside massage delivered by an RN who has received massage training

To examine the practicality and acceptability of the RN‐delivered massage from nurse and patient responses

Not‐for‐profit246‐bed districthospital

ANCC Magnet®2006 & 2011

InterdisciplinaryPain Management 

Team

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Design: exploratory descriptive pilot study using qualitative and quantitative data

2 ½ hour voluntary class Basic Massage Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management 

Data collection forms completed by nurse masseuses 

Didactic and hands‐on partnering

Basic effluerage taught by LMT, RN, MSW

Stressed safety, clinical contraindications

How to assess patient receptivity

How to fit into usual care routines

Patients on the oncology/nephrology/palliative care unit assigned to one of the 3 nurse masseuses were screened for massage. 

Page 9: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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Uncontrolled hypertension

Unstable heart failure

Platelet count <20,000

Acute pneumonia

Sepsis

INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5

MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee, FL: Findhorn Press; 1999:118‐121.

0‐10 Distress Thermometer

0‐10 Pain Faces Scale

Patients chose body part to be massaged

RN masseuses could include aromatherapy, music, warm pack, lotion

Signage “Massage in Progress" to reduce interruptions

Length of massage based on available nurse time

Page 10: 330 4F Massage Wilson Final [Read-Only] - ASPMN€¦ · INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5 MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee,

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Pain & distress scores were recorded immediately prior to & after massage

Patient verbal responses & RN observations of the encounter were recorded

Impression of the encounter

Comments from patient/family

Barriers to massage

Descriptive statistics summarize population and intervention delivered

Paired t test for pain and distress pre and post massage to estimate effect size for future trials

Descriptive summary of open‐ended responses, inspected for trends and themes

Data were collected on 22 patients (male =  11, female = 11) who received massage from 3 massage‐trained RNs. 

RNs:All female, worked as RN minimum 5 years

1 ADN, 2 BSN 

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Top Diagnoses Reason  for massage

Body part massaged

Cancer (n = 9) Stiffness (n = 8) Back/hands  (n = 3) 

Renal failure (n = 8) Pain/discomfort (n = 5) Neck/shoulders (n = 3)

End‐of‐life (n = 5) Restlessness (n = 4) Back/feet (n =2)

Other (n = 5) Cramping (n =4) Hands/feet (n = 2) 

Anxiety/Emotional distress (n = 4)

Combination (n =20)

Aromatherapy (n = 7)

Music (n = 6)

Average length 10‐15 minutes 

(P < .001)

5.4

4.8

1.6

0.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Pain Distress

Mean on0‐10 Scale

Mean Pain and Distress Ratings Pre and Post Massage

Pretest

Posttest

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“Oh wow, that was better than a pain pill.” Female, acute renal failure

“I died and went to heaven.” Female, chronic renal failure 

Family said the staff “really care about their patients.”Male, palliative care

“That was awesome, thank you.”

Male, cellulitis

“Makes me feel like I’m doing ‘super’ nursing care when I take the time to care for my patient.”

“Made me feel like I made her feel special – she was crying prior due to being sick for so long.”

“It was great to spend extra time with her.”

“She was able to close eyes and relax and be in the moment.”

“Made me feel ‘proud!’”

Time limitationDifficult to spend as much time on patient as RN wanted.

Coordination difficultDifficulty finding available coworker to cover nurse when massage was requested

Physical interruptionsStaff disregard “Massage in progress” sign. 

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Small sample.

Variation in techniques and patient health conditions.

No conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect through this study design.

Did not consider medications given.

Possible RN bias.

Patients may respond positively to thank nurse; may be responding to therapeutic relationship rather than massage intervention.

“Real world” application 

by direct care nurses

Novel use of distress thermometer in acute care

Results align with prior studies and support more rigorous trial

RNs can incorporate massage into usual care after receiving massage training and prompting.

Nurses may benefit by positive feelings in response to delivering bedside massage.

Patients may appreciate and find comfort from brief bedside massage.

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A biopsychosocial approach to address pain and distress using RN‐delivered massage is 

feasible in acute care settings.

Randomized trial is needed to attribute positive effects to massage intervention.

Replication in different settings with diverse practitioners (CNAs, nursing or massage students).

Can massage encounters help with nurse burnout and compassion satisfaction?

Are there physiological changes for nurses and patients after massage encounters? 

Can medication use for sleep, anxiety, pain be impacted by massage?

Marian Wilson, PhD, MPH, RN‐BC

Nurse Scientist

Texas Health Resources

Dallas, TX

[email protected]