330 4f massage wilson final [read-only] - aspmn€¦ · inr >6, pt > 25 sec, or ptt >90...
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Marian Wilson PhD MPH RN‐BC
Angie Thompson DPT
Toni James RN MSN CNL CHPN
Jess Symbal BSN RN
Seiko Izumi PhD RN
Authors Conflicts of Interest;
A. Marian Wilson, No Conflict of Interest
B. Angie Thompson, No Conflict of Interest
C. Toni James, No Conflict of Interest
D. Jess Symbal, No Conflict of Interest
E. Seiko Izumi, No Conflict of Interest
Identify gaps in inpatient care for providing multidimensional, non‐drug strategies to alleviate pain and distress
Understand how direct care nurses can be trained to apply massage to address gaps in care
Consider potential benefits and challenges to offering RN‐delivered massage to acute inpatients using pilot feasibility study data
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Pain intensity
Considers emotional, social, contextual, cognitive, cultural components of pain.
Biology
Psychology
Sociology
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Specialized education
Negative attitudes; stereotypes
Trivializing pain
The need to diagnose and “cure”
Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research.
Improve assessments
Pain prevention
Interdisciplinary applications
Follow evidence‐based guidelines
Institute of Medicine. (2011). Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research.
Pain legitimized
Believe the pain
Gains in quality of life
Institute of Medicine (2011)
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“...no single strategy is likely to offer optimal pain management. Quality pain
management requires an interdisciplinary approach combining the talents and
dedication of every member of the health care team.”
Oakes et al., 2008
St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital
Institute of Medicine (2011).
“…only a cultural transformation could substantially increase the accessibility and quality of pain care and thereby provide relief to many
more Americans who need it.”
IOM, 2011
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Nurses should lead
collaborative efforts to redesign practice environments and improve quality of care.
IOM Future of Nursing:Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011)
Katherine Kolcaba’s midrange theory of comfort
Human beings strive to meet basic comfort needs.
“in stressful health care situations, unmet needs for comfort are met by nurses.”
Context of comfort: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural.
Comfort is a desired holistic outcome innate to nursing discipline.
Kolcaba, K. Y. (1994). A theory of holistic comfort for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing,
Multidimensional intervention
Decreasing anxiety, fear decreases pain
Pain is stressful!
Cortisol/norepinephrine
HR and BP increases
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Evidence for massage impacts: PainNauseaSleeplessnessAgitationDeliriumStress, AnxietyHR, BP
Need evidence to quantify types and amounts of massage needed for improved outcomes.
Need evidence to know if nurses can and will apply this intervention.
Adams, R., et. al 2010: Massage therapists gave 30 min sessions; improved pain and relaxation
Tracy, S. 2010: Patients are receptive to slow stroke massage and other nondrug interventions after educational intervention
Beck, I., et al. 2009: Nurse assistants gave 20 min massage as part of ordinary care; themes emerged from patient interviews of security, dignity and feeling cared for
Harris & Richards 2009: 21 studies of elderly find physiological and psychological effects after slow stroke back & hand massage; 3 min slow stroke back and 10 min hand most common protocols
Seers, K., et al. 2008: RNs with massage license gave 15 minute massage, reduced pain and anxiety x 1 hour
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To explore whether implementation of brief bedside massage applied by nurses is
feasible and perceived as helpful to nurses in alleviating patients’ pain and distress.
To describe encounters of brief bedside massage delivered by an RN who has received massage training
To examine the practicality and acceptability of the RN‐delivered massage from nurse and patient responses
Not‐for‐profit246‐bed districthospital
ANCC Magnet®2006 & 2011
InterdisciplinaryPain Management
Team
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Design: exploratory descriptive pilot study using qualitative and quantitative data
2 ½ hour voluntary class Basic Massage Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management
Data collection forms completed by nurse masseuses
Didactic and hands‐on partnering
Basic effluerage taught by LMT, RN, MSW
Stressed safety, clinical contraindications
How to assess patient receptivity
How to fit into usual care routines
Patients on the oncology/nephrology/palliative care unit assigned to one of the 3 nurse masseuses were screened for massage.
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Uncontrolled hypertension
Unstable heart failure
Platelet count <20,000
Acute pneumonia
Sepsis
INR >6, PT > 25 sec, or PTT >90 and INR >3.5
MacDonald G. Medicine Hands, Massage Therapy for People With Cancer. Tallahassee, FL: Findhorn Press; 1999:118‐121.
0‐10 Distress Thermometer
0‐10 Pain Faces Scale
Patients chose body part to be massaged
RN masseuses could include aromatherapy, music, warm pack, lotion
Signage “Massage in Progress" to reduce interruptions
Length of massage based on available nurse time
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Pain & distress scores were recorded immediately prior to & after massage
Patient verbal responses & RN observations of the encounter were recorded
Impression of the encounter
Comments from patient/family
Barriers to massage
Descriptive statistics summarize population and intervention delivered
Paired t test for pain and distress pre and post massage to estimate effect size for future trials
Descriptive summary of open‐ended responses, inspected for trends and themes
Data were collected on 22 patients (male = 11, female = 11) who received massage from 3 massage‐trained RNs.
RNs:All female, worked as RN minimum 5 years
1 ADN, 2 BSN
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Top Diagnoses Reason for massage
Body part massaged
Cancer (n = 9) Stiffness (n = 8) Back/hands (n = 3)
Renal failure (n = 8) Pain/discomfort (n = 5) Neck/shoulders (n = 3)
End‐of‐life (n = 5) Restlessness (n = 4) Back/feet (n =2)
Other (n = 5) Cramping (n =4) Hands/feet (n = 2)
Anxiety/Emotional distress (n = 4)
Combination (n =20)
Aromatherapy (n = 7)
Music (n = 6)
Average length 10‐15 minutes
(P < .001)
5.4
4.8
1.6
0.8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Pain Distress
Mean on0‐10 Scale
Mean Pain and Distress Ratings Pre and Post Massage
Pretest
Posttest
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“Oh wow, that was better than a pain pill.” Female, acute renal failure
“I died and went to heaven.” Female, chronic renal failure
Family said the staff “really care about their patients.”Male, palliative care
“That was awesome, thank you.”
Male, cellulitis
“Makes me feel like I’m doing ‘super’ nursing care when I take the time to care for my patient.”
“Made me feel like I made her feel special – she was crying prior due to being sick for so long.”
“It was great to spend extra time with her.”
“She was able to close eyes and relax and be in the moment.”
“Made me feel ‘proud!’”
Time limitationDifficult to spend as much time on patient as RN wanted.
Coordination difficultDifficulty finding available coworker to cover nurse when massage was requested
Physical interruptionsStaff disregard “Massage in progress” sign.
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Small sample.
Variation in techniques and patient health conditions.
No conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect through this study design.
Did not consider medications given.
Possible RN bias.
Patients may respond positively to thank nurse; may be responding to therapeutic relationship rather than massage intervention.
“Real world” application
by direct care nurses
Novel use of distress thermometer in acute care
Results align with prior studies and support more rigorous trial
RNs can incorporate massage into usual care after receiving massage training and prompting.
Nurses may benefit by positive feelings in response to delivering bedside massage.
Patients may appreciate and find comfort from brief bedside massage.
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A biopsychosocial approach to address pain and distress using RN‐delivered massage is
feasible in acute care settings.
Randomized trial is needed to attribute positive effects to massage intervention.
Replication in different settings with diverse practitioners (CNAs, nursing or massage students).
Can massage encounters help with nurse burnout and compassion satisfaction?
Are there physiological changes for nurses and patients after massage encounters?
Can medication use for sleep, anxiety, pain be impacted by massage?
Marian Wilson, PhD, MPH, RN‐BC
Nurse Scientist
Texas Health Resources
Dallas, TX