3300 l3-a1literature search

Name: Stephanie ChangINTS 3300: L3-A1 Literature SearchDate: 19 February 2015

The research question I am working on asks how the impact of post retirement

help provide veterans and their families better opportunities to either continue their

education vs. entering the hydraulic fracturing business with the wear and tear of the

physical activity caused on the human body by being in the military. This question is too

broad to only be looked upon by a single discipline. I will be using both exercise and

sports science (ESS) and military science (MS) to improve an understanding dealing with

this problem. The ESS aspect will focus on the human body, while the MS will focus

more on the military side and the downsizing of today’s Army due to the wars coming to

an end. Both topics will merge as the focus becomes drawn on which decision would be

better for the retired service member and their families, whether it be returning to school

by using the GI bill or by entering the hydraulic fracturing industry.

Article # 1

1. Wurster, K., & Rinaldi, A. (2012). First-Generation Student Veterans: Implications of

Poverty for Psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(2), 127-137.

2. Student veteran; first-generation; college student; social class

3. This article contains qualitative data.

4. Student veterans are arriving at university and college campuses and many counselors

may not be prepared. Multiple and intersecting identities complicate the student's

integration and matriculation into higher education. We review literature on first-

generation college students and issues pertinent to student veterans. Using the revised

Social Class Worldview Model, this article offers a case example to illustrate how

counselors may best work with student veterans.


Article # 2

1. Blevins, J. (2012). Classroom Strategies for Teaching Veterans with Post-Traumatic

Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Postsecondary Education

& Disability, 25(1), 87-95.

2. Veterans education; classroom techniques; academic accommodations

3. This article contains qualitative data.

4. Postsecondary institutions currently face the largest influx of veteran students since

World War II. As the number of veteran students who may experience learning problems

caused by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Traumatic Brain Injury continues to

rise, the need for instructional strategies that address their needs increases. Educators may

unwittingly expose these students to uncomfortable or distressing situations. Equipped

with basic knowledge about the brain and memory, college faculty can provide

instruction and assessment in ways that allow all students in the classroom to feel

successful, including "wounded warriors." This article provides suggestions for research-

supported strategies that postsecondary faculty can use to promote wider access for an

increasingly diverse student population.

Article # 3

1. Thomas, C. (2009). Returning Veterans on Campus with War Related Injuries and the

Long Road Back Home. Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability, 22(1),

43-52.

2. Postsecondary education; military personnel; war; veterans

3. This article contains both qualitative and quantitative data.


4. This article reviews the growing numbers of returning military personnel attending

higher education based on emerging national trends, including the new GI Educational

Bill, amendments to the ADA, and the rising unemployment rate. The trauma of war and

the high survival rate have resulted in a high percentage of veterans returning from the

Global War on Terror (GWT) who will experience a wide range of health issues as a

result of their exposure to combat trauma and blast injuries. Many of these injuries will

not be visible and will include physical wounds, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),

depression, and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) requiring accessible campuses and

classroom accommodations. However, many veterans are not utilizing the traditional

service providers for students with disabilities in higher education. Therefore colleges

and universities need to engage veterans and utilize their strengths in designing

welcoming campuses that facilitate success for adult learners. (Contains 5 tables.)

Article # 4

1.Adams, E., Rich, N., & White, P. (2007). Physical exam and occult post-traumatic

vascular lesions: implications for the evaluation and management of arterial

injuries in modern warfare in the endovascular era. The Journal of

Cardiovascular Surgery, 48(5) 581-586.

2. Evaluation studies; journal article; comparative study


4. Based on complexity of extremity wounds sustained in recent combat, arteriography

had been used routinely in evaluations for delayed or occult arterial injuries. This report

aims to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity and specificity of physical exam (PE) in

predicting the presence of these injuries. United States service members sustaining


extremity trauma in the Global War on Terrorism were evacuated to our medical center

and evaluated by a senior vascular surgeon. Those with an abnormal PE, at risk based on

wounding patterns, or previously treated for vascular injury underwent arteriography.

Data from each patient were prospectively entered into a Vascular Injury registry.

Comprehensive information about the injuries, interventions, arteriogram results, and any

periprocedural complications were analyzed. Twenty-five endovascular or open surgical

interventions were performed in forty-six of 99 patients that had lesions on arteriography.

Seventy-three patients had a normal PE, of which 36 had lesions that prompted 6

subsequent interventions. Twenty-two of 26 patients with an abnormal PE had lesions

that prompted 19 interventions. For PE, sensitivity was 38%, specificity was 90%, and

positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85% and 51%,

respectively. In proximity injuries, PPV improved to 100%, but was only 15% sensitive

with a NPV of 60%. In conclusion normal PE did not reliably predict post-traumatic

arterial lesions in these military extremity injuries. These lesions are amenable to

endovascular therapies, and should be considered in cases of complex trauma involving

high amounts of energy, penetrating mechanisms, or wounding patterns in proximity to

named vessels.

Article # 5

1. Currie, D., (2012). Summaries of 2012 APHA policies adopted by Governing Council

in San Francisco: New policies address issues such as military recruiting in

schools, gas fracking, health impact assessments. Journal of Public Health

Association, 42(1), 10-24.

2. Veterans; polices; health impact



4. The following are brief descriptions of the 12 policies adopted by the Governing

Council at APHA’s 140th Annual Meeting in San Francisco. Two of the new policies

were late breakers, meaning they were not open to the same review as the other 2012

policies and will serve as interim policies until reviewed by the Governing Council at its

regular 2013 meeting.

Article # 5

1. Russell, K. (2013). Will Fracking Bring the Soldiers Home? Journal of Social Justice,

25(4), 550-558.

2. Fracking; military; soldiers

3. This article contains mostly qualitative data.

4. Advocates of high volume, slick water horizontal hydraulic fracturing, popularly

known as fracking, often champion the catch phrase: “Drill a well, bring a soldier home!”

This can be found on placards held by pro-frackers at demonstrations and billboards

across the United States.

Article # 6

1. Christopherson, S., & Rightor, N. (2012). How shale gas extraction affects drilling

localities: Lessons for regional and city policy makers. Journal of Town & City

Management, 2(4), 350-368.

2. Economic geography; workforce development; economic development


4. In countries around the world, the public debate over the prospect of high-volume

hydraulic fracturing for shale gas has revolved around its environmental impacts,


while taking as a given that exploitation of this newly available natural gas asset will

produce significant economic benefits for local and regional economies. In this

paper, the authors use multiple methods, including a case study of the Marcellus

Shale gas 'play' in the USA, to examine how the economic costs and benefits of high-

volume hydraulic fracturing have been assessed. They argue that the economic

impact models, which have been used to project potential benefits and job creation,

provide only a fraction of the information needed to understand the consequences

of drilling for the regions in which it occurs. The paper also examines some of the

challenges local communities face in responding to the costs posed by shale gas

extraction. The authors' analysis indicates that, while shale gas development may

increase jobs and tax revenues in the predominantly rural regions where drilling

occurs, it can also impose significant short- and long-term costs. To assess fully the

economic effects of hydraulic fracturing, local and regional policy makers need to

understand the boom-bust cycle that characterizes natural gas development. This

cycle has implications for local costs and benefits short-term, and for the longer-

term economic development prospects of localities in drilling regions.

Article # 7

1. Depledge, M., Haines, A., Wilkinson, P., & Fleming, L. (2014). The health

implications of fracking. The Lancet, 383(9919), 757-758.

2. Health; tropical medicine; gas extraction

3. This article contains qualitative and quantitative data.


4. What is known about the health effects of gas extraction by induced hydraulic

fracturing of gas-bearing rock—ie, fracking? A workshop held on Nov 15, 2013, at the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and attended by scientists, public

health professionals, and decision makers addressed this question.

Article # 8

1. Howarth, R., Ingraffea, A., & Engelder, T. (2011). Natural gas: Should frackingstop?.

Nature, 477(7364), 271. doi:10.1038/477271a

2. Ecology and Environmental Biology; Civil and Environmental Engineering;

Geosciences (SOC)

3. This article contains mostly quantitative data.

4. In this article, the authors discuss the positive and negative impact of natural gas

fracking known as hydraulic fracturing to health and environment. Robert W. Howarth

and Anthony Ingraffea say that extracting natural gas from shale increases the health and

environmental risks. However, Terry Engelder argues that hydraulic fracturing is

important to global economic stability in which fracking-related gas production can help

alleviate global warming and reduce global greenhouse-gas emissions.

3300 l3-a1literature search

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