3/3/2016copyright ed lipinski and mesa community college, 2003-2009. all rights reserved. 1 research...
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3 Objective “... to review how to make systematic observations”TRANSCRIPT
05/08/23 Copyright Ed Lipinski and Mesa Community College, 2003-2009. All rights reserved.
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Research MethodsSummer 2009
Making Systematic Observations
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Agenda
• General Housekeeping• Assignments• Lesson Objective• Ed’s Overview / Discussion• Questions.
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Objective
• “... to review how to make systematic observations”
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Ed’s Overview
• I. Deciding What To Observe• II. Choosing Variables• III. Choosing Measures• IV. Choosing Opportunities• V. Automation• VI. Dealing With Problems.
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I. Deciding What To Observe
• Focus• What Specific Observations• What Variables To Observe• Operational Definitions• How Will Behaviors Be Measured• What Will Be Manipulated.
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II. Choosing Variables
• A. Research Tradition.• What Has Been Done Before• Same or Different
• B. Theory.• Variables Important To You
• C. Techniques.• New Equipment• Computerized Manipulation• Availability of Equipment.
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III. Choosing Measures
• A. Reliability of a Measure• B. Accuracy of a Measure• C. Validity of a Measure• D. Scales of Measure
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III. Choosing Measures
• A. Reliability of a Measure• Produces Similar Results When
Repeated• Physical Measures• Population Estimates• Judgments By Observers• Psychological Tests• Test – Retest.
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III. Choosing Measures
• B. Accuracy of a Measure• Produces Results That Agree With a
Known Standard• Precision Questions• What Is Considered Deviant• Going Against The Standard.
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III. Choosing Measures
• C. Validity of a Measure• Measures What You Intend To Measure• Face Validity• Content Validity• Criterion-related validity• Concurrent Validity• Predictive Validity• Construct Validity• Acceptance.
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III. Choosing Measures
• D. Scales of Measure• Nominal Scales• Ordinal Scales• Interval Scales• Ratio Scales• Choosing a Scale of Measurement
• Information Yielded• Statistical Tests• Ecological Validity.
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IV. Choosing Opportunities
• A. Timing• B. Resources• C. Alternatives• D. Working With Human Subjects• E. The Role of the Experimenter.
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V. Automation
• A. Can Save Time• B. Tend To Be More Accurate• C. Can Miss Details• D. Videos, Timers, Computers.
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VI. Dealing With Problems
• A. Pilot Study• Can Help Determine Details• Reliability and Validity• But, Still Take Time and Resources
• B. Manipulation Checks• Tests The I.V.• Perceptions of Subjects.
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Recap
• I. Deciding What To Observe• II. Choosing Variables• III. Choosing Measures• IV. Choosing Opportunities• V. Automation• VI. Dealing With Problems.
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Making ObservationsQuestions