34 42 conservation

8/10/2019 34 42 Conservation

1/9

ARCHITECTURE - Time Space & People April 200934

W

etlands are fragile ecosystems

that are susceptible to changes

owing to changes in the com-position of their biotic and abiotic factors.

In recent years, there has been increasing

concern over the continuing degradation

of worlds wetlands, particularly rivers

and lakes. Wetlands sustain all life and

perform useful functions in the mainte-

nance of ecological balance. Interfacing

between land and water systems, they

are highly productive and biologically

rich ecosystems, and are also the most

endangered.

The paper focuses on the Bangalore

wetland region as a case study and ana-

lyzes the current situation and scope of

the conservation in the catchments area.

The major threats to the Bangalore lake

originate from human activity in the

catchments, resulting in alterations in the

water balance and water quality.

This paper identifies the issues

and threats related to sustainability of

wetlands. It develops a methodology

for the development of an

Environmental Management plan in

the form of a broad land use Plan for

optimal utilization of the resources of

the lake and surrounding wetlands.

The key to the conservation of

Bangalore wetland hinges on the

management of human activity with-

in the watershed. Thus a balance must

be struck between conservation and

meeting the needs and aspiration of

the resident human population.

WETLANDS AND THEIR

IMPORTANCE

Wetland is the collective term for

marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar

Rajshekhar Rao

ECOLOGY

Studying the impact of

urbanisation on Bangalore

wetland region and examining

measures to be undertaken

for its management.

Conservation of Lakes:Issues & Applications

Figure 1: Study Area Greater Bangalore Region


2/9

April 2009 ARCHITECTURE - Time Space & People 35

areas. Wetlands filter sediments and

nutrients from surface water and sup-

port all life forms through extensive

food webs and biodiversity. These nat-

ural wetlands are ecosystems that can-

not be easily replaced with artificial

ones. Wetlands have the capacity to

retain excess floodwater during heavyrainfall that would otherwise cause

flooding. By retaining flood flows, they

maintain a constant flow regime

downstream, preserving water quality

and increasing biological productivity

for both aquatic life as well as human

communities of the region. Apart from

this, the socio-economic values,

through water supply, fisheries, fuel

wood, medicinal plants, livestock graz-ing, agriculture, energy resource,

wildlife resource, transport, recreation

and tourism, and so forth, are signifi-

cant. The functional properties of a

wetland ecosystem clearly demon-

strate its role in maintaining the eco-

logical balance.

Ramsar Convention has defined wet-

lands as areas of marsh, fen , peatland or

water, whether natural or artifical, per-

manent or temporary with water that is

static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt,

including areas of marine water the

depth of which at low tide does not

exceed six meters.

In recent years, there has been

increasing concern over the continuing

degradation of worlds wetlands, par-

ticularly rivers and lakes. Wetlands sus-

tain all life and perform useful func-

tions in the maintenance of ecological

balance. Interfacing between land and

water systems, they are highly produc-

tive and biologically rich ecosystems,

and are also the most endangered. It is

part of Indias national policy to con-

serve the existing natural wetlands

and devise Environment Management

Plans. Efforts to conserve these fragile

areas and develop them to promote

Eco-tourism should be undertaken to

raise awareness towards sustainable

environment and protection of our

natural resources.

INTRODUCTION TO THE

STUDY AREA GREATER

BANGALOREBangalore, the capital of Karnataka, has a

history of over 400 years. The origin of

Bangalore city can be traced back to 1537

when it was founded by Late Magadi

Kempegowda. Bangalore is the principal

administrative, cultural, commercial and

industrial centre of the state of Karnataka.

The city of Bangalore is situated at an alti-

tude of 920 meters above mean sea level.

Geographically it is located on 12.95 Nlatitude and 77.57 E longitude. The city

enjoys a pleasant and equable climate

throughout the year.

Early 90s boom in the software sec-

tor with consequent infrastructure initia-

tives, has contributed to rise in popula-

tion, mainly due to migration. It is now

home to high-

tech companies

a p a r t f r o m

n u m e r o u s

establishments

in manufactur-

ing and pro-

cessing indus-

t r i e s . T h e

population of

Bangalore as

per the 2001

c e n s u s w a s

5,686,844 while

it was 163,091

in the begin-

ning of the last

century (1901).

With a booming

economic activ-

ity, migration in

search of liveli-

hood, and avail-

ability of land favored by salubrious cli-

mate all round the year, sprawl has been

prevalent in and around Bangalore.

Recently, the city administrative jurisdic-

tion was expanded to 716 square kilo-

metres agglomerating neighbouring

outgrowth. With the expansion of

Bangalore in recent times with concen-trated development of industries and

commercial establishments, the growth

appears to have reached the threshold.

STUDY AREA:

BANGALORE LAKES

Wetlands of Bangalore occupy about

4.8% of the geographical area (640 sq km)

covering both urban and non-urban

areas. Bangalore has many man-madewetlands but no natural wetlands. They

were built for various hydrological pur-

poses and mainly to serve the needs of

irrigated agriculture. There were 262 lakes

(in 1960) within the green belt area of the

city, which has fallen to 81 at present

(Refer Figure 2).

Figure 2: Map showing lakes in Bangalore


3/9


Wetlands in Bangalore (water bod-

ies, lakes, tanks), are threatened due to

the pressure from unplanned urbanisa-

tion and land use activities. In order to

accommodate the phenomenal growth

of Bangalore, many of the citys lakes

are being used for the development of

housing layout and for other purposesthus depriving the city of strategically

located open spaces. This has also

contributed to the deteriorating

water quality and significant change in

local climate.

The result has been to show that

about 80% of local residents are depend-

ent on lakes, either directly or indirectly,

for irrigation, domestic water needs

(ground water), fuel and fodder. Thesocio-economic survey in the vicinity of

Lake Ecosystem revealed that about 65%

of the residents were willing to pay for its

restoration, conservation, and efficient

management. In this direction, a suitable

management program has been devel-

oped that addresses these concerns.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION

OF BELLANDUR LAKE

Bellandur Lake is the largest in Bangalore

city, being 3km in length and 2.75km in

Width. It is one of the largest man-made

lakes in Southeast Asia, located about 20

km from the city towards the south-east

of Bangalore city which is extremely

important ecological zone.

Historically, Bellandur Lake was con-

structed by the Irrigation Department to

provide irrigation to the downstream

25,000 acres of agricultural fields. It repre-

sents what was once a beautiful and

wholesome source of water for the city of

Bangalore. Storm water used to get

stored in the lake, aquatic plants and ani-

mals functioned as live treatment plant.

PH and Dissolved Oxygenlevel was main-

tained. Bellandur Lake functioned as the

kidney of the city. There was no bioaccu-

mulation of organic waste. The lake was

home to a wide variety of fauna and

attracted many migratory birds from dif-

ferent parts of the country. The lake also

provided drinking water to half the citys

population, besides being a major fish

trading center in the past. Thus Bellandur

Lake formed an extremely important eco-

logical zone of the Bangalore city.

EXISTING CONDITION OF

BELLANDUR LAKE

Bellandur Lake, the largest in Bangalore

city, has an catchment area of 110.94

sq.miles or 287.33 sqm as per the Minor

Irrigation Department. The water storing

capacity of Bellandur lake is 17.66 million

cubic feet.With years of indiscriminate

disposal of various wastes into the lake. ithas become an environmental night-

mare. Discharge of sewage and other

wastewater and dumping of solid wastes

into the storm water drains pollute the

lake. The lake contains raw sewage,

industrial effluents and domestic

garbage. As a result of contamination the

tank is converted into a swamp having

six feet of slush and covered with heavy

deposits of grease and oil. The field study

revealed that the unplanned areas doesnot have proper sewerage systems and

thus, discharge the sewage into the

drains.

There are 339 slums within corpora-

tion limits containing totally 93,348 hut-

ments having a total population of

5,03,559. Besides, there are many revenue

land converted into housing layouts that

are yet to be provided with sanitary sew-

ers. The effect of industrialisation, urbani-sation, and unplanned growth has clearly

made its mark in polluting the Bellandur

Lake. (Refer Figure 3)

Figure 3: Existing land use map of Bellandur lake region


4/9


Major problems and issues con-

fronting Bellandur lake region: The

threats to the Bellandur lake region eco-

system are partly due to biotic pressure

from the environment and mainly due to

human induced or natural changes in the

zone of influence. The issues/threats can

be broadly summarized as below:

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The survival of a wetland depends more

on management than on protection.

While preparing an action plan it has to

be noted that wetland ecosystems are

treated in their whole environment con-

text. In order to manage a wetland we

have to review management of the whole

watershed upon which wetland depends.

The ecological characteristics of a wet-

land have its problems and hence reme-

dial measures are essential to retain its

natural beauty.

Various components of Bellandur lake

such as soil,water,wildlife,fisheries,vege-

tation and local environs have their ownproblems and require effective remedies

so as to improve the resource position

and also generate better environment. If

these resources are to be replenished

both qualititatively and quantitatively

then a better scientific approach may

have to be devised for each component.

Soil erosion and siltation from adjoining

land, ejection of gases from factories and

pollution from industrial waste, use ofchemicals in the fields are the most seri-

ous threats and require immediate atten-

tion. Vegetation pattern will have to be

re-planned so as to attract more migrato-

ry birds and also more fish collection in

the wetland area.

The Environmental Management

plan incorporates in the land-use plan of

the region, the identification, preserva-

tion and protection of the environmen-

tally fragile areas, resource areas, ecologi-

cal areas, cultural, historical and religious

sites, sources of pollution, and the envi-

ronmental afected spots. Proposals are

given for environment quality improve-

ment by restoration, relocation and reha-

bilitation of certain activities. Provision of

adequate green areas, recreational areas

and open areas ensure that environmen-

tally sustainable tourism is established.

Lastly, various strategies and guidelines

and policies have been formulated for

sectors responsible for environmental

protection such as Industries, transporta-

tion, waste treatment, and tourism.

BENEFITS FROM

THE PROJECT

T h e p r o p o s e d E n v i r o n m e n t a l

Management Plan (EMP) will try to

Figure 4: Issues and Causes of Bellandur lake region

Table 1: Major issues & Causes of Bellandur Lake

Sl. Causal Factors Impacts Resultant effect

No.

1 Cutting of vegetation Increase in soil erosion, Lakes becomes

Decrease in transpiration, shallow & increase

Increase in storm in water spread,

water flow Increase in sedimentation

2 Industries situated It adds to the Organic Eutrophication

around the lake load B.O.D decreases

release their effluent

into the lake

3 Intensive agriculture It increase the nutrients Profuse growth of

around the lake using & pollutants inside the weeds &

fertilizers & pesticides. the lake water hyacinth


5/9


6/9


site which provides the necessary poten-

tial, infrastructure and services for the

development chosen for the proposed

development. Physical panning is derived

based on the overlay of environmentally

sensitive zone, agricultural potential

zones, tourism potential zones and habi-

tation potential zones.Carrying capacity analysis of the

lake is done to determine the threshold

limits with respect to tourism develop-

ment and ascertain the maximum num-

ber of visitors allowed daily and annual-

ly. The various factors considered are:

The size of the area and the actual

usable space, Topography and flora &

fauna resources.

LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Recommendations deals with Zoning and

delineation of areas on the broader scale

in which various zones are identified on

the plan according to their ecological

character and existing land use pattern.

The outer zone (Zone 1) is the Buffer

zone of undisturbed vegetation buffered

with trees & thick shrubs, next zone

would be agriculture zone, (Zone 2)

where farmers have been and would con-

tinue growing crops based on appropri-

ate and sustainable farming principles,

there would be the interface zone (Zone

3) the limits of which are determined

based on the existence of marshes, ponds

etc on the simple rule that restricts farm-

ing on areas adjacent to water courses up

to a width equal to at least the width of

the stream. Finally the Zone 4 consist of

the body of water and its associated veg-

etation ,which are to be left intact as habi-

tat for wild life, particularly waterfowl and

migratory birds.

ECO SENSITIVE ZONES OFBELLANDUR LAKE

CATCHMENT AREA

The lake catchment has been assessed for

the three basic resources which are Land

i.e. slope, Vegetation, and Hydrology.

These factors have assigned value

depending upon their criticality, by the

superimposition of these parameters; its

able to demarcate zones within the

catchment as ecologically sensitive

zones. The entire catchment has beensubdivided into four ecologically sensi-

tive zones and the treatment of each

zone hence varies accordingly.

Figure 6: Map showing Ecosensitive zones of Bellandur Lake at Catchment level

Table 2: Proposal for Bellandur lake

Ecological Critical factors Proposals Environmental benefits

ZoneZone 1 Erosion susceptible Afforestation done using recycled water Improvement in the quality of water

Hydrological Zone can be treated as buffer either with forest, fruit controls sediment entry. Quality of orchards & declared as green zone. Provide 200mts. water entering into tank ensured.Of undisturbed vegetation buffer with high grasspercentage than of shrubs & trees.

Zone 2 Vegetation Zone, Erosion Preservation of agriculture field. No development Dependency on lake ensures its maintenance. Itsusceptible, and hydrological zone zone around the lake No industrial activity. forms continuous green space, checks the speed

of runoff. Natural edge supports natural vegetation.

Zone 3 Erosion susceptible, vegetation No development zone around the lake. Forms green space. Checks the speed of runzone hydrological zone No industrial activity. off, forms green belt around the lake.

Zone 4 Erosion susceptible, vegetation No construction zone allowed Potential wetland habitat areazone hydrological zone up to100 - 150mts.


7/9


In order to facilitate diversification

of economic activities and reduce agri-

cultural risks, integrated development

of Religion-eco-tourism circuits taking

important destinations in and around

Bellandur lake region is recommend-

ed. Proposals have been formulated

for Eco-tourism with the details andtypes of amenities as part of the action

plan. The focus is for developing

the suitable Access, Accommodation,

Attraction and Amenities.

GUIDELINES & PROPOSAL

FOR BELLANDUR LAKE

The recommendations deal with framing

regional policies, guidelines and manage-

ment tools for the various stake holders.The government should undertake inte-

grated planning and conservation meas-

ures in consultation with landscape archi-

tects, planners and local people while the

developers, operators and suppliers

should respect and follow planning

guidelines, standards and codes.

A Comprehensive Plan should be pre-

pared to study with regard to their pres-

ent status, sustainable use, management

and conservation and to formulate strate-

gies for their short term & long term man-

agement. The proposed land use map

(Refer Figure 7) of Bellandur lake deals

with guidelines at regional level which

includes Riparian Zone Management,

Management of Surface Water Bodies &

Management of Recreational Area

Surrounding the lake. Guidelines at Lake

Catchment level are as follows :

Afforestation : To protect and

enhance the existing forest cover and

establish new forest cover on suitable

areas so that the rainfall pattern is not

altered and the region receives the maxi-

mum precipitation which can be storedas ground water and is made available

throughout the year for various uses

within the region.

Riparian Zone Management: To

establish and protect the riparian zone

along the banks of the water bodies and

the hydrological channels to act as a

buffer between the agricultural land and

the lake.

Management of Agricultural Zone:

To promote an ecologically viable crop-

ping pattern and irrigation methods

wherein the area under the cultivation of

a particular crop should be based on eco-

logical parameters and in the long run

should not degrade the land and the

quality of water.

Management of Urban areas and

Industrial Zone: No new Industry should

be allowed to come up in ecologically

sensitive areas and in fertile land. The

sewage and sullage from the catchment

should be stopped at a point, treated up

to acceptable standards and only then be

allowed to enter the lake. No new con-struction to be allowed unless a proper

sewage treatment plant is installed.Land

use which should be allowed should be of

low density development with large

open spaces. For each settlement coming

under the catchment area percentage

allocation for different landuses to sup-

port the basic requirements and conserve

the ecology of the region should be done.

Rain Water Harvesting System:

Revive the traditional water harvesting

system and augment with modern irriga-

tion system.

Guide lines for Management of

Recreational Lakes: New recreational

developments should be allowed only if

the development takes care of the bird

habitat and the fish breeding farm near

the lake.

Guidelines for Management of

Surface Water Bodies: Sewage, sullage

and toxic wastes shall not be allowed to

flow in the tank or percolate in the

ground. Natural edge conditions of the

lake to be preserved. No biotic interfer-

ence inside the as washing, boating etc.

should be allowed inside the lake. Depth

of the lake should be increased by desilt-

ing every 3 years.Figure 7: Proposed Land use Map of Bellandur lake

Figure 8: Section through the lake and Riparian zone


8/9


CONCLUSION

Wastes and effluents from the power

plant and other industries pollute the

water of Bellundar Lake. Thus it is neces-

sary to have strict regulations for industri-

al discharge into the lake. Suitable meth-

ods and means should be devised along

with community involvement to use the

fly ash, sewage and water hyacinth in

beneficial manners which are greatest

threats to the wet land. Since all the lakes

in Bangalore are interconnected and

interactive its not enough to restore only

Bellandur lake & its surrounding catch-

ments area but also overlook into other

interconnected wetlands and their catch-

ments areas.

The ecological benefits like water and

nutrient retention, fishery, fodder and

recreation in addition to the most impor-

tant function being a habitat for a large

number of avian fauna and other wild life

eminently justifies the need to wisely use

and maintain the lake.

The preliminary socio-economic sur-

vey carried out in this region of the lake

through the Contingency Valuation

Method, showed high level of depend-

ency on wetlands for groundwater,

food, fodder, fish, fuel, and so forth. The

high level of dependency on these lake

calls for immediate restoration of

degraded lakes and appropriate meas-

ures for their conservation and manage-

ment in order to maintain ecological

balance in the region.

The project attempts to benefit both

biodiversity and people. Strategic

approaches like intervening at the

catchments level, using a holistic

approach to freshwater management,

and involving local communities-have

been applied in this project to finally

achieve logistic scenario for the people

as well as the biodiversity.

The conservation measures under-

taken in Bellandur lake region are

designed to reduce chemicals runoff

from farms and deposition in the wet-

lands. Since the migratory population

has suffered from vegetation changes

due to nutrient enrichment from

runoff, it is hoped that these soil con-

servation measures, in addition to ben-

efiting the farmers, will also help to

reverse the trends of declining num-

bers of bird population.

The Bellandur Lake holds scope for

development of eco-tourism but within

certain limits. The optimality of the pres-

ent resource appropriation in light of its

sustainability needs to be worked out

through further ecological assessments

and definite regulatory frame work

should be in place.

These restoration goals require

intensive landscape planning, and fund-

ing, with active involvement from all

levels of organizations (Governmental,

NGOs, corporate sectors, citizen groups,

research organizations, media, and so

forth) through interagency and inter-

governmental processes being instru-

mental in initiating and implementing

the restoration programs.

REFERENCES

Deepa, R. S., Ramachandra, T. V., & Kiran,

Table 3: Lake Restoration Methods

Sl. No Method Advantage Drawbacks

1 Dilution :Flush with low Reduces Nutrient levels, Require large volumes of water. Does

nutrient Water washes out surface algae not eliminate sources of phosphorous

from, sediments

2 Alum Treatment Lowers lake Phosphorous Content, Reduces the no of beneficial insects

inhibits release of phosphorous from in the lake bottom.

sediments. Increase water transparency

3 Artificial Circulation Prevents stratification, provide Does not decrease algal biomass.

aeration and oxygenation May decrease water clarity.

increase aerobic habitat Adverse impact on cold water fish.

No effect on macrophytes.

4 Dredging Controls aquatic vegetation, deepens Temporary resuspension of sediments.

lake increases lake volume. May Temporory destruction of habitats.

improve water quality. Disposal concern high cost.

5 Water level draw down Control Macrophytes. Consolidate Poor effects in wet, mild climates.

sediments ,facilitate dredging Short term benefits; intensify algal booms.

or excavation Temporary adverse impact on fish

and invertebrates.

6 Biomanipulation Encourage growth of Zooplankton Considered experimental. Not effective

Where blue green algae dominate.


9/9


R. (1998). Anthropogenic stress on wet-

lands of Bangalore. In H. Maheshappa &

M. N. Ragavendra Rao (Eds.), Proceedings

of the National Seminar on Environmental

Pollution: Causes and remedies (pp. 166-

182). Bangalore, India: PES Institute of

Technology.

Indian Standards: 2490. (1982). NewDelhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.

Kiran, R., & Ramachandra, T. V. (1999

March). Status of wetlands in Bangalore

and its conservation aspects. ENVIS

Journal of Human Settlements, 16-24.

A Directory of Wetlands of interna-

tional importance. http://www.wet-

lands.org/RDB/

Ramsar_Dir/India/In008D02.htm.Acc

essed on 28th August, 2003.Davis, T.j., 1994, Ramsar conven-

tional Manual-A guide to the conven-

tion on wetlands of International

importance especially as waterfowl

habitat.Ramsar convention Bureau,

Gland, Switzeraland.

Anonymous, 1990.Wetlands of

India-A Directory, Ministry of

Environment and Forests, Government

of India, New Delhi.

Ramachandra, T.V., Kiran, R., & Ahalya,

N. (2002). Status, conservation and man-

agement of Wetlands. New Delhi:

Allied Publishers.Sreekantha and K.P. Narayana, Indian

Institute of Sciences An Overview of

Human, Activities Polluting Bellandur

Tank in Bangalore http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/

energy/water/proceed/proceedings_

text/section6/paper9/section6paper9.

htm#INT

Abbassi, S.A, 1997, Wetlands of India

Status of Wetlands in India, Ecology

and Threats, Volume I, DiscoveryPublishing House, New Delhi. pp.84-86.

Chatrath, K.J.S, 1992, Wetlands Of India

Major threats faced by wetlands

of India and their Conservative meas-

ures, Ashish Publication House,

New Delhi.pp.22-32.

An Overview Of Human Activities

Polluting Bellandur Tank In Bangalore -

Sreekantha And K.P. Narayana, Indian

Institute of Sciences http://ces.iisc.ernet.

in/energy/water/proceed/proceedings_

text/section6/paper9/section6paper9.

htm#INT

Impact of urbanization on BellandurLake, Bangalorea case study -

Chandrashekar JS, Babu KL, Somashekar

RK, Department of Environmental

Sciences, Bangalore, University http://

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/152595

97?dopt=Abstract.

Rajshekhar Rao is an Asst.

Professor of M.S. Ramaiah

Institute of Technology(Autonomous Institute affiliated

to Visvesvaraya Technological

University), Bangalore.

Photographs: Courtesy the

Author.

The Magazine of the Council ofA rchitecture, India

architectureTimeSpace&People

Vol. 9 Issue2

FEB

2

009

TimeSpace&People

Vol. 9 Issue2

Rs30Rs30

FEB

2

009

architecture

EDUCATIONArchitecturalEducationwithinDiverseIndia

EDUCATIONArchitecturalEducationwithinDiverseIndiaDESIGNINITIATIVE

YoungArchitectsatworkforanEarthquakeSafeFuture

DESIGNINITIATIVEYoungArchitectsatwork

foranEarthquakeSafeFuture

TRAVELOGUEWoodWovenLandscapeScanningtheWorldGolfVillage,Florida

TRAVELOGUEWoodWovenLandscapeScanningtheWorldGolfVillage,Florida

ARCHITECTURALOVERVIEWModernArchitectsofGreece

ARCHITECTURALOVERVIEWModernArchitectsofGreece

The Magazine of the Council ofA rchitecture, India

architectureTimeSpace&People

Vol. 9 Issue3

MAR

2009

TimeSpace&People

Vol. 9 Issue3

Rs30Rs30

MAR

2009

architecture

DESIGNINITIATIVEInteriordesignofatypicalIndianhomeARCHITECTURALLINGUISTICSUnderstandingArchitecturalExpression

HISTORICPRESERVATIONConservationandtheCommunity

HISTORICPRESERVATIONConservationandtheCommunityDESIGNINITIATIVEInteriordesignofatypicalIndianhomeARCHITECTURALLINGUISTICSUnderstandingArchitecturalExpression

SUSTAINABILITYWaterOurmostimportantresource...

SUSTAINABILITYWaterOurmostimportantresource... TRADITIONUnexploredShekhawatiEpitomeofTraditionalArtandArchitecture

TRADITIONUnexploredShekhawatiEpitomeofTraditionalArtandArchitecture

Subscription form for

ARCHITECTURE-TIME SPACE & PEOPLECouncil of Architectures monthly Magazine

The Registrar

Council of Architecture

India Habitat Centre, Core-6A, 1st Floor, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003

Tel: 011-24648415, 24654172

Dear Sir,

I would like to subscribe to Architecture-Time Space & People for 12 months for Rs. 300/-

[Cover Price per issue Rs.30/-]. My Particulars are here as under :

CoA Regn. No. C A / ____________________________________________________________

(If Registered with CoA)

Name _______________________________________________________________________

Communication Address____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City ____________________PIN _____________________State________________________

Telephone ______________STD _______________________Tel ________________________

Mobile _______________________________Email __________________________________

I enclose herewith a Demand Draft/Pay Order No._________ Dated _________ for Rs. 300

towards subscription for a period of 12 month, drawn in favour of Council of Architecture,

payable at New Delhi.

Yours faithfully,

Signature with Date

34 42 conservation

Documents