3.5 food resources. food issues medc / ledc food production and distribution
TRANSCRIPT
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3.5 Food Resources
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Food Issues MEDC / LEDC
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Food Production and Distribution
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Imbalance in food distribution Over 1 billion people are living in poverty and
starving in LEDC countries MEDC Average Caloric Intake = 3314 LEDC Average Caloric Intake = 2666 Causes:
Unequal distribution Lack of access to clean water Poor harvesting / farming practices
(overgrazing/ overfishing)
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Undernourishment worldwide
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Food Waste
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Terrestrial vs. Aquatic Food Production Systems
VS
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Aquatic Food Production Aquatic Food Production:
Food is harvested from high tropic levels due to human preference (ex. salmon).
Photosynthesis is less efficient by producers due to light reflection of water
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Terrestrial Food Production Terrestrial Food Production:
Most food harvested from low tropic levels (producers / herbivores)
Energy conversions less efficient on land
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Food Production affects the Environment
Biodiversity Soil Water Air Human Health
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Increasing food production output GMO- Genetically Modified Organisms
Change genetic make up of living things to make them look, feel, and taste different
Pesticides- chemicals used to kill pest organisms Herbicides- chemicals used to kill weeds Fertilizers- chemicals used to grow larger crops Irrigation- canals used to bring in more water Antibiotics/ Growth Hormones- used to grow
healthier and larger animals
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Biodiversity Loss Loss of grasslands forests and wetland for
cultivation Loss of genetic diversity (wild crops replaced with
monocrops)
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Soil
Erosion Loss of fertility Salinization Desertification Increase soil pH
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Water Waste water produced Aquifer depletion from increased irrigation
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Air Large fossil fuel use in farming equipment causes
release of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4)
Pesticide sprays
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Human Health Nitrates in Drinking water
Blue baby Pesticides Bacterial contamination of meat
(E. coli)
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North American Cereal Farming vs. Asian Subsistence Farming
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Comparison Pair #1North American Cereal Farming
Inputs: Fertilizers, pesticides, fossil fuels, labor, sunlight, water equipment
Characteristics: Heavy use of fossil fuels, lots of farming technology, monocrops (only one crop)
Socio- Cultural: Fast production, large amounts, lots of waste
Environmental impact: loss biodiversity
Outputs: Air pollution , water pollution, wheat/corn, lots of income ($$)
Asian Subsistence Farming
Inputs: lots of human labor, water, sunlight
Characteristics: grow only enough to eat to feed family & community, low tech
Socio- Cultural: mostly LEDC, poor
Environmental impact: maintains biodiversity, reduces pollution
Outputs: Usually mixed crops; corn, beans and squash (all in same field)
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Intensive Beef Production vs. Maasia Tribal Livestock
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Comparison Pair # 2MEDC- Intensive Beef Production
Inputs: Hormones, antibiotics, labor, cattle feed (corn), breeding stock of cattle
Characteristics: Many cattle in crowded area
Socio- Cultural: Fast production, large quantities, lots of waste/death
Environmental impact: disease, waste
Outputs: Air pollution, water pollution, beef, lots of income ($$)
LEDC- Maasai Tribal Livestock
Inputs: Labor, Cattle feed/ grazing grass
Characteristics: large herds of cattle, used as only food source “Nomadic Herding”
Socio- Cultural: Cattle are THE source of life (even used as currency)
Environmental impact: overgrazing, nomadic behavior
Outputs: meat, milk, blood
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Salmon Farming in Norway vs. Rice-Fish Farming in Thailand
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Comparison Pair # 3Salmon Farming in Norway
Inputs: antibiotics, fish food, cages, labor
Characteristics: fish raised in large quantity
Socio- Cultural: MEDC, employs large number of workers
Environmental impact: growth of algae, water pollution
Outputs: salmon, water pollution
Rice-Fish Farming Thailand
Inputs: labor, seed Characteristics: fish and
rice grown together in same, self sustaining ecosystem (fed by natural food chain)
Socio- Cultural: LEDC countries,
Environmental impact: reduces waste maintains biodiversity
Outputs: rice, fish, income
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Slash and Burn/ Shifting Cultivation
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Slash and Burn / Shifting Cultivation Input: Labor, plow, oxen, seed Characteristics: Tropical forest set on fire to clear
the land & ash fertilizes soil. After land is used farmers repeat this process
Socio-cultural: Typically harvested food is sold in community, low population density
Environment: Loss of biodiversity, fertility, ecosystem production decreases
Output: Monocrop, air pollution, income
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kg grain required to produce1 kg of meat
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GMO
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Become more sustainable