3.6 active fire control

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3.6 The Active Fire Prevention System3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And The Detection

Equipment (the portable fire extinguisher, the smokedetector and the heat detector)

3.6.2 The First Aid

3.6.3 The Automatic Fire Extinguishing (the sprinkler,the wet and the dry risers)

3.6.4 The Fire Fighter Equipment

Test 2

3.7 The Role Of The Building AutomationSystem In The Fire Prevention

3.8 The Uniform Building By Laws


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(Portable)Fire ExtinguisherSand Bucket ,Quilt Cover Axes

(Fixed)Hose RailDry & Wet RiserFire Sprinkler


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3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And

The Detection Equipment (theportable fire extinguisher , the smokedetector and the heat detector)

The Portable Fire Fighting Equipment are ofthree types that are:

a) Foam Cylinders

b) Dry Powder Unitsc) Carbon Dioxide Cylinders

3.6 The Active Fire Prevention System3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And TheDetection Equipment (the portable fireextinguisher, the smoke detector and the heatdetector)3.6.2 The First Aid

3.6.3 The Automatic Fire Extinguishing (thesprinkler, the wet and the dry risers)3.6.4 The Fire Fighter Equipment
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Portable Fire ExtinguisherThe components and operation manual of the fireextinguisher are as in the diagrams below :


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a) Foam Cylinders

The inner cartridge has to be brokenfirst before the reaction mechanism ofthe two chemicals form into foams.

The foams will then shoots out of thenozzles.

Foam Fire Extinguisher can be use toalmost all type of fire especially of

oil/fuel and chemical fluids .


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b) Dry Powder Unit The chemical reaction of the

soda bicarbonate liquid andasid will create a highpressure type of powder

which will be pushed out ofthe nozzle.

The powder will dry outslowly and reduce thepotential of misconduct butexpensive and require6month regular maintenancecheck .

Suitable for class A, B and Ctype of fires especially suitedto paper, cloth any electricalfire and LPG liquid fires suchas chemicals , petroleum/oilsand paints


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c) CO Cylinders The cylinder consists ofpressurized CO gas whichwill rush out the nozzle afterpulling the safety pin.

The CO gas will not destroy

/ruin valuable property such asbooks or any paper product(library/achieve) and expensiveelectronic equipments (hospitals)

The CO gas is notsuitable for human as itwill suffocated human.


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High and cost-effective availability of naturally occurring gas(carbon dioxide)Complex, highly effective equipment for rapid extinguishingHighly reliable protection of assets


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3.6.2. THE FIRST AID 3.6 The Active Fire Prevention System3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And TheDetection Equipment (the portable fireextinguisher, the smoke detector and the heatdetector)3.6.2 The First Aid


A first Aid kit box is a must at everypotentially endangered areas.

A First Aid Kit consist of

...


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3.6.3. THE AUTOMATICFIRE EXTINGUISHING

Automatic means a device orsystem providing an emergencyfunction without necessity of humanintervention.(definition by UBBL 1984)

3.6 The Active Fire Prevention System3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And TheDetection Equipment (the portable fireextinguisher, the smoke detector and the heatdetector)3.6.2 The First Aid


The Automatic Fire Extinguishing are actually the fixedfire fighting features such as the :

a) Hose Reelsb) Wet and Dry Risersc) Sprinkler

(Portable)Fire ExtinguisherSand Bucket , Quilt Coverand Axes

(Fixed)Dry & Wet RiserHose RailFire Sprinkler


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a) Hose Reels There are small (20-25mm

diameter) long (21000-30000mm) rubber hoses andthey can be provided foroccupants in case of anoutbreak of fire.

These hose reels is normallywound on to a drum andinstalled in a recess along thecorridor or landing wall

The quantity of water provideddepend on quantity of water inthe water tank.



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Riser

A riser is a vertical pipe in a building thatthe Fire Authority can use to connecthoses to at any building level.

Two types of riser are :a) Wet Riser contains water constantlyfrom the Fire water tank .

b) Dry Riser is filled from the firehydrant located outside the building orfrom the fire brigade water truck.



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a) Dry Riser System A dry riser consists of an

empty or dry pipevertically of the buildinglevel with hydrant valveson each floor and at the

roof level Inlets are fitted at street

level through which firebrigades can pump water

to the landing valves A dry riser is therefore an

extension of the firemenhose

a) Hose Reelsb) Wet and Dry Risers c) Sprinkler


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b) Wet Riser System

A wet riser is a dry riser with a permanent water supplysystem (usually pumped) added to it.

Water maybe supplied either by a direct connection totowns main or in pump from storage tanks

Wet risers are necessary for buildings which are too highfor brigade pumps to supply the necessary waterpressure via a dry riser.

If the mains pressure is higher than maximum brigadeoperating pressure it is necessary to use pressureregulating landing valves.

a) Hose Reels b) Wet and Dry Risersc) Sprinkler


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Wet Riser System


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Wet Riser System

Wet pipe systems are the most commonly used for thesprinkler system


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c) Sprinkler System

A sprinkler system aredesign automaticallydistributed water throughsprinklers at a definedinterval distance tocontrol or suppress fire

A sprinkler system consistof a network of pipesconnected to a suitablewater supply and fixed atceiling level throughoutthe protected building.

a) Hose Reels b) Wet and Dry Risersc) Sprinkler


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Sprinklers are very useful in areasof high occupancy such assupermarkets, leisure centres andshopping malls.

Also sprinklers are used in areaswhere materials of high riskinflammable products are stored or

manufactured such as; carpets,fabrics, clothing, wood, fuels.


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In the event of a fire, the heatgenerated causes the fusible elementto its fusing point.

The fusible elements then melts orbursts and the lever holding the capfall out and thus allow water to bedischarged into the fire in the form ofa fine spray.

It is by far the most important andsuccessful system in particular forbuildings where there is onlyintermittent supervision and peopledo not continuously occupy.

These includes car parks, warehousestores and large space buildings


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3.6.4. THE FIRE FIGHTER EQUIPMENT

(Portable)Fire ExtinguisherSand Bucket ,Quilt Cover (selimut) Axes

(Fixed)Hose RailDry & Wet RiserFire Sprinkler


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3.6 The Active Fire Prevention System3.6.1 The Emergency Equipment And The Detection

Equipment (the portable fire extinguisher, the smokedetector and the heat detector)

3.6.2 The First Aid

3.6.3 The Automatic Fire Extinguishing (the sprinkler,the wet and the dry risers)3.6.4 The Fire Fighter Equipment

Test 2

3.7 The Role Of The Building AutomationSystem In The Fire Prevention

3.8 The Uniform Building By Laws


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3.7. ROLE OF BUILDING AUTOMATIONSYSTEM IN THE FIRE PREVENTION

Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia is theresponsible authority in the revised building planapproval before the Occupation and ComplianceCertificate (OCC) was issued to ensure that all buildingsfollow the standards set forth in the By-Laws 1984Uniform Building and Fire Services Act 1988 (Act 341)

The purpose of the law is to regulate the development ofbuilding industry in which the fire safety aspects involvedfrom the initial planning stages to the final stages ofbuilding construction completed


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3.8. FIRE PREVENTION REGARDING TOUNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS

Uniform Building 1984 is divided into ninemain sections which consists of ten tables.

BAHAGIAN ISI KANDUNGAN

VII Kehendak-kehendak menentang kebakaran (undang-undang

kecil 133-224)

VIII Penggera kebakaran, pengesan api, pemadam api dan akses

menentang kebakaran (undang-undang kecil 225-253)

IX Pelbagai (undang-undang kecil 254-258)


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Bahagian VII - Kehendak-kehendak Menentang Kebakaran- (1)

133. Tafsiran134. Menetapkan Kumpulan Maksud135. Kaedah-kaedah Mengukur136. Peruntukan Bagi Dinding Pangsa Dan Lantai Petak137. Lantai Dalam Bangunan Yang Melebihi Tinggi 30 Meter Hendaklah Dibina

Sebagai Lantai Petak138. Dinding Dan Lantai Lain Hendaklah Dibina Sebagai Dinding Pangsa Atau Lantai

Petak139. Pengasingan Kawasan Risiko Kebakaran140. Akses Perkakas Bomba141. Dinding Pengasing142. Dinding Luar143. Rasuk Atau Tiang

144. Salutan Pada Dinding Luar145. Sebutan Mengenai Jadual Keenam146. Sempadan Berkenaan147. Pembinaan Dinding Pengasing148. Kehendak Khas Bagi Dinding Pangsa Dan Lantai Petak149. Pengadang Mendatar Dan Tegak Bagi Dinding

150. Lubong Terlindung 28


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151. Pengudaraan Bagi Lubong Lif152. Ruang Buka Dalam Lubong Lif153. Pengesan Asap Bagi Lobi Lif154. Cara Gerakan Kecemasan Jika Berlaku Kerosakan Kuasa

Sesalur155. Cara Gerakan Menentang Kebakaran156. Lubong Terlindung Sebagai Saluran Pengudaraan157. Lubong Terlindung Yang Mengandungi Tangga158. Pentas Di Tempat Perhimpunan159. Pentas Terbuka160. Tindakan Mencegah Kebakaran Dalam Sistem Penyamanan

Udara161. Pengadang Api162. Pintu Api Dalam Dinding Petak Dan Dinding Pengasing

163. Pintu Setengah Jam Dan Satu Jam164. Penutup Pintu Bagi Pintu Api165. Ukuran Jarak Perjalanan Ke Tempat Keluar166. Tempat Keluar Hendaklah Boleh Dilalui Pada Bila-bila Masa167. Pintu Keluar Tingkat168. Tangga

169. Jalan Keluar170. Jalan Keluar Melalui Ruang Buka Tak Berkepung


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170. Jalan Keluar Melalui Ruang Buka Tak Berkepung171. Tempat Keluar Mendatar

172. Tanda Tempat Keluar Kecemasan173. Pintu Keluar174. Susunan Pintu Keluar Tingkat175. Penghitungan Beban Pendudukan176. Pengiraan Lebar Pintu Keluar Tingkat177. Pengiraan Bilangan Tangga Dan Lebar Tangga

178. Tempat Keluar Bagi Institusional Dan Tempat Perhimpunan179. Pengelasan Tempat Perhimpunan180. Standard Jarak Untuk Mengira Beban Pendudukan181. Lebar Jalan Keluar

219. Pemakaian Undang-undang Kecil Ini Bagi Lantai220. Keluasan Lantai Dan Muatan Bangunan Dan Petak221. Ujian Ketahanan Api222. Ketahanan Api Bagi Dinding223. Ketahanan Api Bagi Tingkat Di Atas Tingkat Bawah224. Ketahanan Api Bagi Apa-apa Elemen Struktur


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Bahagian VIII - Penggera Kebakaran Pengesan Api


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225. Pengesanan Dan Pemadaman Api226. Sistem Automatik Bagi Pendudukan Berbahaya227. Pemadam Api Mudalih228. Injap Semburan229. Cara Akses Dan Menentang Kebakaran Dalam Bangunan Yang

Tingginya Lebih Daripada 18.3 meter230. Pemasangan Dan Ujian Sistem Pancur Kering231. Pemasangan Dan Ujian Sistem Pancur Basah232. Sistem Pancur Basah Atau Kering Bagi Bangunan Yang Sedang Dibina

233. Alir Masuk Busa234. Struktur Bawah Tanah Dan Bangunan Tanpa Tingkat Hendaklah Mempunyai Alir

Masuk Busa235. Pemasangan Tetap236. Bahaya Khas237. Penggera Kebakaran238. Pusat Pemerintahan Dan Kawalan239. Sistem Komunikasi Suara240. Suis Pengasingan Elektrik

241. Kehendak-kehendak Khas Bagi Sistem Penggera Kebakaran

Bahagian VIII Penggera Kebakaran, Pengesan Api,Pemadam Api Dan Akses Menentang Kebakaran-1

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242. Ruang Akses Menentang Kebakaran243. Lif Bomba244. Piawai Yang Dikehendaki245. Kelulusan K.P.P.B.246. Perakuan Apabila Siap247. Storan Air

248. Tanda Pada Pancur Basah, dll249. Pengeluaran Asap Dan Haba250. Liang Asap Udara Biasa251. Liang Asap Hendaklah Mencukupi Untuk Mencegah

Pengumpulan Asap Yang Membahayakan

252. Liang Asap Hendaklah Boleh Dibuka Oleh PihakBerkuasa Bomba

253. Sistem Kuasa Kecemasan

Bahagian VIII - Penggera Kebakaran, Pengesan Api,Pemadam Api Dan Akses Menentang Kebakaran -2

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J d l


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JadualJadual Kelima - Ketetapan Kumpulan Maksud, Ukuran Bangunan Dan Kompatmen.

Jadual Keenam - Hitungan Had Yang Dibenarkan Bagi Kawasan Tak Terlindung.

Jadual Ketujuh - Jarak Perjalanan, Beban Pendudukan.

Jadual Kelapan - Pengelasan Sekatan Kemerebakan Api Ke Atas Permukaan DindingDan Siling.

Jadual Kesembilan - Had-had Kompatmen Dan Tempoh Minimum Ketahanan Api BagiElemen Struktur.

Jadual Kesepuluh - Jadual Mengenai Kehendak-kehendak Bagi Sistem Pemadaman Api, Sistem Penggera Kebakaran Dan Kecemasan.

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3.6 active fire control

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