36 strategies to say it in other words 10-03-2011

8/4/2019 36 Strategies to Say It in Other Words 10-03-2011

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36 Strategies to Say It In Different Words DFM

36 Strategies

To Say It

In Different Words

A Hyper-Text

Paraphrase ManualDr. David F. Maas

October 3, 2011


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Table of Contents

AddAdd Adjective

AddAdverb

Add AgentAdd Appositive

Add Lead-inAdd Prepositional Phrase

Add Relative Clause

Add Subordinating Conjunction

Add Verbs

ChangeChange Passive to Active Voice

Change Word Order

E-Prime StrategiesE-Prime Strategy: Add Agent or SubjectE-Prime Strategy: Replace Expletive Place Holder with Agent or Subject

E-Prime Strategy: Replace Linking Verb with Action VerbE-Prime Strategy:Subject Complement becomes Subject

Replace Grammatical Categories

Replace Adjective with Prepositional PhraseReplace Adjective with Verb

Replace Adverb with Adjective

Replace Adverb with Prepositional Phrase

Replace Apostrophe with a Prepositional PhraseReplace Noun with Adjective

Replace Participle with a Verb

Replace Preposition with AdverbReplace Prepositional Phrase with a Clause

Replace Propositional Phrase with Infinitive PhraseReplace Prepositional Phrase with Participle

Replace Pronoun with Proper Noun


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Replace Relative Clause With Past Participle

Replace Subordinate Clause with an Appositive

Replace Verb Phrase with Subordinate Clause

Replace Verb with Participle

Synonym SubstitutionSynonym Substitution: Adjectives

Synonym Substitution: NounsSynonym Substitution: Prepositions

Synonym Substitution: Subordinate Clauses

Synonym Substitution: Verbs

Synonym Substitution: Verb Phrases

Dr. David F. Maas has undertaken to model fivebasic patterns of paraphrasing, including adding

words, changing syntactical order, using E-

Prime strategies, replacing grammatical

categories, and using synonym substitution.

This work is merely a prototype, a preview of alarger, more expansive work to come out in the

future.

The hypertext table of contents should enable

the student to locate pertinent examples quickly.


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ADD

Add Adjective(s)

5. The vigorous finale combines elements of sonata and rondo form and ends with a climactic

fugato in which in the opening theme of the first movement reappears.

In the vigorous finale, the players combine elements of the sonata and rondo form, ending with a

powerful climactic fugato ( in the style of a fugueor an interweaving of themes) ,reintroducing

the theme from the first movement.(3)

Add Adjective(s) :

The instrumental choirs/the various instrumental sectionsThe tempo wavers, disintegrates ; the instrumental choirs lose synch with each other , accelerate

at vertiginously varying attempt.According to Mark Adamo, as the temper wavers, the various instrumental sections go out of

sync, accelerating into confused states. (04)

1Schumann sketched the music of his piano quintet in just five days in September 1842, and he

completed the score on October 12.

According to musicologist Leonard Burkat, Robert Schumann drafted the music of his brilliant

piano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entire scoreby October 12,1842.




piano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entire score

by October 12,1842

Add Word: Adjective

4 There are two contrasting trio sections here: the first superimposes the complexity of the

strings counterpoint on that of the pianos rhythm, and the second is a restless rustic dance

In the trio, we find two contrasting sections: the first blend the complex string counterpoint on

the rhythm of the piano, and the second features a dazzling rustic dance.


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Add Adverb(s)

2 In November it was read through at the Schumann home in Leipzig by a quartet of

distinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of the greatestpianists of the time.

Later, in November, a quartet of accomplished string players as well as Robert Schumanns wifeClara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece through at the

Schumann home in Leipzig.

To Table of Contents

Add AgentThe first movement, subtitled Of Rage and Remembrance begins in fury. A single incisivestring tone hardens from a keen to a snarl before percussion strikes it silent.According to Mark Adamo, in the first movement, which Cariglianosubtitled Of Rage andRemembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs it

out.(04)

Add Appositive

3 At a private performance in December Felix Mendelssohn played the piano part.

Composer and pianist Felix Mendelssohn played the piano part at a private performance in

December of that year.

Add Appositive

3He discussed the possibilities with Francois Mauriac and a scenario was devised, starting with

the young mans desire for a military life, his disillusionment with the brutality of soldiers,conflict with his father, the meeting with Lady Poverty and his withdrawal to the hills to pray: he

falls asleep on the ground and finally , with three faithful followers, takes Poverty as his bride, as

the Franciscan Order is founded.

Massine brainstormed with his friend Fancois Mauriac about possible scenarios in this ballet,including the young mans desire to enter the military, his disgust with the soldiers brutality, hisconflict he had with his father, his encounter with Lady Poverty and his subsequent withdrawing

to the hills to pray. As he awakens from sleep, he takes Poverty as his bride, leading to the

foundation of the Franciscan order.


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Add Lead-in



According to musicologist Leonard Burkat, Robert Schumann drafted the music of his

brilliant piano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entirescore by October 12, 1842.

1The music begins with a powerful declarative main subject that Schumann mines skillfully forthe elements of all the tunes in the marvelously melodic movement.

According to Leonard Burkat,Schumanns Quintet in e flat declares a main subject which

Schumann derives skillfully fashions, rearranging elements of several marvelous melodies.

Add Words: Lead-in

1The Dance Legend,Nobilissima Visione again had a pictorial source, the Giotto frescoes in the

Church of Santa Croce in Florence, which Hindemeth saw during a visit in May 1937

According to Armin Firouzmande, the Ballet Nobilissima Visione had a pictorial source for its

inspiration.When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he wasenchanted by the Giotti frescoes.

The first movement, subtitled Of Rage and Remembrance begins in fury. A single incisivestring tone hardens from a keen to a snarl before percussion strikes it silent.

According to Mark Adamo, in the first movement, which Carigliano subtitled Of Rage andRemembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs it

out. (04)

Add First Name before Surname

1Schumann sketched the music of his piano quintet in just five days in September 1842, and hecompleted the score on October 12.


piano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entire score by


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Add Parenthetical Expression

5. The vigorous finale combines elements of sonata and rondo form and ends with a climacticfugato in which in the opening theme of the first movement reappears.


powerful climactic fugato ( in the style of a fugueor an interweaving of themes),reintroducing the theme from the first movement.(3)

Add Prepositional Phrase


Composer and pianist Felix Mendelssohn played the piano part at a private performance in

December of that year.

Add Prepositional Phrase

1The Dance Legend,Nobilissima Visione again had a pictorial source, the Giotto frescoes in theChurch of Santa Croce in Florence, which Hindemeth saw during a visit in May 1937


inspiration. When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he was

enchanted by the Giotti frescoes.

Add Words : Preposition


In the vigorous finale, the players combine elements of the sonata and rondo form, ending witha powerful climactic fugato ( in the style of a fugueor an interweaving of themes),

reintroducing the theme from the first movement.(3)

Add Relative Clause

The first movement, subtitled Of Rage and Remembrance begins in fury. A single incisivestring tone hardens from a keen to a snarl before percussion strikes it silent.

According to Mark Adamo, in the first movement, which Carigliano subtitledOf Rage andRemembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs it

out.(04)


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Add Subordinating Conjunction:

the tempo wavers/as the tempo wavers

The tempo wavers, disintegrates; the instrumental choirs lose synch with each other, accelerateat vertiginously varying attempt.

According to Mark Adamo, as the tempo wavers, the various instrumental sections go out of


Add Verb(s)


According to Armin Firouzmande, the Ballet Nobilissima Visione had a pictorial source for itsinspiration, When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he wasenchanted by the Giotti frescoes.

CHANGE

Change Passive to Active Voice

Sentence( 01) Antar was at first designated a symphony, being the second of Rimsky-

Korsakovs compositions in this class , but was afterwards called Oriental Suite.

Change passive to active voice

According to the article Antar on the online website,Music with Ease Rimsky Korsakov

first designated this work a symphony, but later classified it as an Oriental Suite. (1)

Replace passive voice by a slow heartbeat of tympani with active voice tympani throbs as with a

slow heartbeat

Enter the orchestra,paced by a slow heartbeat of timpani; high in the register, bitter trumpets hint

of threat of panic.According to Mark Adamo,when the orchestra enters, the tympani throbs as with a slow

heartbeat. The trumpets, in a high register foreshadow an ominous threat. (04)


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distinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of the

greatest pianists of the time.

Later, in November, a quartetof accomplished string players as well as Robert Schumanns wifeClara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece through at the


Change Word Order

Change Word Oder:

2 The choreographer Massine at first doubted the possibility ofcreating a devotional style in a

ballet that is based,as are the paintings, on the life of Saint Fancis of Assisi.

The Ballets choreographerMassine had grave reservations about creating a ballet in adevotional style derived from the life of Saint Francis of Assisi.

Change word order: high in the register /trumpets, in the high register

Enter the orchestra,paced by a slow heartbeat of timpani; high in the register, bitter trumpetshint of threat of panic.

According to Mark Adamo,when the orchestra enters, the tympani throbs as with a slowheartbeat. The trumpets, in a high register foreshadow an ominous threat. (04)


distinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of thegreatest pianists of the time.

Later, in November, a quartet of accomplished string players as well as Robert Schumanns

wife Clara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece throughat the Schumann home in Leipzig.


Composer and pianist Felix Mendelssohn played the piano part at a private performance inDecember of that year.


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E-Prime Strategy: Add agent or subject

2 The second movement is in the manner of a march, but it is a somber cortege rather than abright parade march, with an agitated section written as a contrasting trio.

The ensemble playsthe second movement in the manner of a march, but more like a dirge-like

funeral procession rather than a crisp military march. This somber march is contrasted with an

agitated trio.

E-Prime Strategy: Add Agent or Subject


In the vigorous finale, the players combine elements of the sonata and rondo form, ending with

a powerful climactic fugato ( in the style of a fugueor an interweaving of themes),reintroducing the theme from the first movement.(3)

E-Prime Strategy : Replace expletive place holder with agent or subject:



In the trio, we find two contrasting sections: the first blends the complex string counterpoint onthe rhythm of the piano, and the second features a dazzling rustic dance.

E-Prime Strategy: Replace Linking Verb with Action Verb

3The main theme of the Scherzo is no more than a simple scale, but its rhythms are so

ingeniously spaced by Schumann that the ear can hardly guess where the beat really is.

A simple scale provides the skeletal structure of the main theme of the Scherzo, but Schumann

has so cleverly arranged the rhythms that the listener can hardly determine where the real beat

occurs.

E-Prime Strategy: Replace Linking Verb with Action Verb


strings counterpoint on that of the pianos rhythm, and the secondis a restless rustic dance

In the trio, we find two contrasting sections: the first blend the complex string counterpoint onthe rhythm of the piano, and the second features a dazzling rustic dance.


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E-Prime Strategy: Subject Complement becomes the subject




has so cleverly arranged the rhythms that the listener can hardly determine where the real beat is.

Replace Grammatical Categories

Replace Adjective with Prepositional Phrase:




Replace Adjective with Verb


Schumanns Quintet in e flat declares a main subject which Schumann derives skillfully

fashions, rearranging elements of several marvelous melodies.

Replace Adverb with Adjective:


Schumanns Quintet in E flat declares a main subject which Schumann derives skillfully


Replace Adverb with Adjective:



A simple scale provides the skeletal structure of the main theme of the Scherzo, but Schumannhas so cleverly arranged the rhythms that the listener can hardly determine where the real beat is.


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Replace Adverb with Prepositional Phrase:vertiginously varying attempt/into confused states

The tempo wavers, disintegrates; the instrumental choirs lose synch with each other , accelerate

at vertiginously varying attempt.

According to Mark Adamo, as the temper wavers, the various instrumental sections go out ofsync, accelerating intoconfused states. (04)

Replace Appositive with Prepositional Phrase1The Dance Legend,Nobilissima Visione again had a pictorial source, the Giotto frescoes in the

Church of Santa Croce in Florence, which Hindemeth saw during a visit in May 1937

According to Armin Firouzmande, the Ballet Nobilissima Visione had a pictorial source for itsinspiration, When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he was

enchantedby the Giotti frescoes.

Replace Apostrophe with Prepositional Phrase:


strings counterpoint on that of thepianos rhythm, and the second is a restless rustic dance

In the trio, we find two contrasting sections: the first blend the complex string counterpoint onthe rhythm of the piano, and the second features a dazzling rustic dance.

Replace Noun with Adjective



In the trio, we find two contrasting sections: the first blend the complex string counterpoint on

the rhythm of the piano, and the second features a dazzling rustic dance.

Replace Participle with Verb:

2 The second movement is in the manner of a march, but it is a somber cortege rather than a

bright parade march, with an agitated section written as a contrasting trio.

The ensemble plays the second movement in the manner of a march, but more like a dirge-like

funeral procession rather than a crisp military march. This somber march is contrasted with an

agitated trio.


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Replace Passive Voice with Active Voice

Replace passive voice by a slow heartbeat of tympani with active voice tympani throbs as with aslow heartbeat

Enter the orchestra,paced by a slow heartbeat of timpani; high in the register, bitter trumpets hint

of threat of panic.

Replace Preposition with Adverb

The first movement, subtitled Of Rage and Remembrance begins in fury. A single incisive

string tone hardens from a keen to a snarl before percussion strikes it silent.

According to Mark Adamo, in the first movement, which Carigliano subtitled Of Rage and

Remembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs itout.(04)

According to Mark Adamo,when the orchestra enters, the tympani throbs as with a slowheartbeat. The trumpets, in a high register foreshadow an ominous threat. (04)

Replace Prepositional Phrase with a Clause


The ensemble plays the second movement in the manner of a march, but more like a dirge-likefuneral procession rather than a crisp military march. This somber march is contrasted with an

agitated trio.

Replace Prepositional Phrase with Infinitive Phrase3He discussed the possibilities with Francois Mauriac and a scenario was devised, starting with

the young mans desire for a military life, his disillusionment with the brutality of soldiers,

conflict with his father, the meeting with Lady Poverty and his withdrawal to the hills to pray: hefalls asleep on the ground and finally , with three faithful followers, takes Poverty as his bride, as


Massine brainstormed with his friend Francois Mauriac about possible scenarios in this ballet,

including the young mans desire to enter the military, his disgust with the soldiers brutality,his conflict he had with his father, his encounter with Lady Poverty and his subsequentwithdrawing to the hills to pray. As he awakens from sleep, he takes Poverty as his bride, leading

to the foundation of the Franciscan order.


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Replace Prepositional Phrase with Participle5. The vigorous finale combines elements of sonata and rondo form and ends with a climactic

fugato in which in the opening theme of the first movement reappears.

In the vigorous finale, the players combine elements of the sonata and rondo form, ending with apowerful climactic fugato ( in the style of a fugueor an interweaving of themes)

reintroducing the theme from the first movement.(3)


4. He suggested some revisions, which Schumann made in time for the first performance, onJanuary 8,1843, in the Leipzig Gewahndhaus.

Felix Mendelssohn advised Schumann to make a few revisions, a task Schumann accomplished

before the first performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in January8, 1843.(3)Table of Contents



the young mans desire for a military life, his disillusionment with the brutality of soldiers,conflict with his father, the meeting with Lady Poverty and his withdrawal to the hills to pray: he

falls asleep on the ground and finally , with three faithful followers, takes Poverty as his bride, as


Massine brainstormed with his friend Fancois Mauriac about possible scenarios in this ballet,

including the young mans desire to enter the military, his disgust with the soldiers brutality, hisconflict he had with his father, his encounter with Lady Poverty and his subsequent withdrawing

to the hills to pray. As he awakens from sleep, he takes Poverty as his bride, leading to the

foundation of the Franciscan order.

Replace Relative Clause with a Past Participle


distinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of thegreatest pianists of the time.

Later, in November, a quartet of accomplished string players as well as Robert Schumanns wife

Clara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece through at the



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Replace Subordinate Clause with an Appositive:

4. He suggested some revisions, which Schumann made in time for the first performance, on

January 8,1843, in the Leipzig Gewahndhaus.

Felix Mendelssohn advised Schumann to make a few revisions , a task Schumann accomplishedbefore the first performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in January8, 1843.(3)

Replace Verb Phrase with Subordinate Clause

Replace verb phrase Enter the orchestra with subordinate clause When the orchestra enters

Enter the orchestra,paced by a slow heartbeat of timpani; high in the register, bitter trumpets

hint of threat of panic.According to Mark Adamo,when the orchestra enters, the tympani throbs as with a slow






piano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entire score byOctober 12,1842.




powerful climactic fugato (in the style of a fugue or an interweaving of themes), reintroducing

the theme from the first movement.(3)

accelerate at/accelerating

The tempo wavers, disintegrates; the instrumental choirs lose synch with each other, accelerate at

vertiginously varying attempt.According to Mark Adamo, as the temper wavers, the various instrumental sections go out of



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Synonym Substitution

Synonym Substitution :Adjectives

2 In November it was read through at the Schumann home in Leipzig by a quartet ofdistinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of the


Later, in November, a quartet ofaccomplishedstring players as well as Robert Schumanns wifeClara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece through at the



distinguished string players and Clara Schuman, the composers wife, who was one of the


Later, in November, a quartet of accomplished string players as well as Robert Schumanns wifeClara, noted as one of the most virtuoso pianists of the time sight-read the piece through at the


Synonym Substitution: Nouns





1The music begins with a powerful declarative main subject that Schumann mines skillfully for

the elements of all the tunes in the marvelously melodic movement.

Schumanns Quintet in e flat declares a main subject which Schumann derives skillfullyfashions, rearranging elements of several marvelous melodies.

2 The second movement is in the manner of a march, but it is a somber cortege rather than a

bright parade march, with an agitated section written as a contrasting trio.


agitated trio.


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agitated trio.





is.




inspiration. When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he wasenchanted by the Giotti frescoes.

the instrumental choirs /the instrumental sections

The tempo wavers, disintegrates; the instrumental choirs lose synch with each other ,

accelerate at vertiginously varying attempt.

According to Mark Adamo, as the temper wavers, the various instrumental sections go out of



being like God/Godly power

The attitude Jesus showed in washing His disciples' feet is the same attitude that enabled Him togive up the power and glory ofbeing like God and become a man.

According to Richard Ritenbaugh, when Jesus washed the disciples feet, He demonstrated the

same attitude which lead Him to put aside His Godly Power in order to become a humanbeing.(4)


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Synonym Substitution: Nouns Become a man / become a human being

The attitude Jesus showed in washing His disciples' feet is the same attitude that enabled Him to

give up the power and glory of being like Godand become a man.

According to Richard Ritenbaugh, when Jesus washed the disciples feet, He demonstrated the

same attitude which lead Him to put aside His Godly Power in order to become a humanbeing.(4)

Synonym Substitution: Prepositions



Felix Mendelssohn advised Schumann to make a few revisions, a task Schumann accomplished

before the first performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in January8, 1843.(3)

Synonym Substitution: Subordinate Clauses


According to Armin Firouzmande, the Ballet Nobilissima Visione had a pictorial source for itsinspiration. When Hindemeth visited the Church of Santa Croce in Florence in 1937, he was

enchanted by the Giotti frescoes.




According to musicologist Leonard Burkat, Robert Schumann drafted the music of his brilliantpiano quartet in September 1842, in an impressive five short days, completing the entire score by

October 12,1842.



Felix Mendelssohn advised Schumann to make a few revisions, a task Schumann accomplishedbefore the first performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in January8, 1843.(3)



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Felix Mendelssohn advised Schumann to make a few revisions, a task Schumann accomplishedbefore the first performance in the Leipzig Gewandhaus in January8, 1843.(3)

1The music begins with a powerful declarative main subject that Schumann mines skillfully for

the elements of all the tunes in the marvelously melodic movement.








is.





Synonym Substitution: Verbs2 The choreographer Massine at first doubted the possibility of creating a devotional style in a

ballet that is based, as are the paintings, on the life of Saint Francis of Assisi.

The Ballets choreographer had grave reservations about creating a ballet in a devotional style

derived from the life of Saint Francis of Assisi.

Synonym Substitutions: Verbs


the young mans desire for a military life, his disillusionment with the brutality of soldiers,

conflict with his father, the meeting with Lady Poverty and his withdrawal to the hills to pray: hefalls asleep on the ground and finally , with three faithful followers, takes Poverty as his bride, as



20/21


Massine brainstormed with his friend Fancois Mauriac about possible scenarios in this ballet,

including the young mans desire to enter the military, his disgust with the soldiers brutality, hisconflict he had with his father, his encounter with Lady Poverty and his subsequent withdrawing

to the hills to pray. As he awakens from sleep, he takes Poverty as his bride, leading to thefoundation of the Franciscan order.

Synonym Substitution: Verbs called/classified

Sentence( 01) Antar was at first designated a symphony, being the second of Rimsky-

Korsakovs compositions in this class , but was afterwards called Oriental Suite.

According to the article Antar on the online website,Music with Ease Rimsky Korsakov firstdesignated this work a symphony, but later classified it as an Oriental Suite. (1)

Synonym Substitution: Verbsgive up/put aside

The attitude Jesus showed in washing His disciples' feet is the same attitude that enabled Him togive up the power and glory of being like God and become a man.

According to Richard Ritenbaugh, when Jesus washed the disciples feet, He demonstrated thesame attitude which lead Him to put aside His Godly Power in order to become a human

being.(4)

Synonym Substitution Verbs: are able to/need to follow

When we come to the point that we are able to do everything in an attitude of service andhumility, we are truly following Jesus Christ.

We need to follow His example of accepting the status of a menial servant, doing everything in

an attitude of humility.(4)

Synonym Substitution: Verbs hardens/becomes bolder




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Remembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs itout.(04)

Synonym Substitution: Verbs strikes it silent with snuffs it out.




Remembrance, the theme begins furiously and becomes bolder before the percussion snuffs it

out.(04)



2 The choreographer Massine at first doubted the possibility of creating a devotional style in a

ballet that is based,as are the paintings, on the life of Saint Fancis of Assisi.

The Ballets choreographerhad grave reservations about creating a ballet in a devotional style

derived from the life of Saint Francis of Assisi.

Synonym substitution:verbs-hint of threat of panic/foreshadow an ominous threat.

Enter the orchestra,paced by a slow heartbeat of timpani; high in the register, bitter trumpets hintof threat of panic.

According to Mark Adamo,when the orchestra enters, the tympani throbs as with a slow


Synonym Substitution: Verb Phraseslose sync with each other/go out of sync

The tempo wavers, disintegrates ; the instrumental choirs lose sync with each other , accelerate atvertiginously varying attempt.

According to Mark Adamo, as the temper wavers, the various instrumental sections go out ofsync, accelerating into confused states. (04)

36 strategies to say it in other words 10-03-2011

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