37th CIMUSET ConferenceSeptember 7-13, 2009

INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN SERBIA

Zorica Civrić, senior curator Museum of Science and Technology, Belgrade

FROM INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE SITE TOWARDS THE NEW SPACE

1. INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE FUNDAMENTAL EXAMINATION

2. HERITAGE-LED ADAPTIVE REUSE OR RENOVATION

3. NEW SPACE, NEW MUSEUM SPACE

REUSE AS TENDENCY

Museo Usina Molet, Cordoba Province, Argentina opened in May 2005 Former hydroelectric power plant Molet on the Río Suquía, 1910 - 1959

Tate Modern Gallery, London, opened in May 2001 Former Bankside Power Station, 1947-1981

REUSE AS TENDENCY

Museu da Electricidade, Lisboa, opened in May 2006 Former Tejo power station,1914-1976, listed building

Steam Plant Theater, opened in 1989 & Sculpture Garden, opened in 1995, Salida, Colorado, USAFormer Salida power station, 1887-1963

Museo della Centrale Montemartini, Rome, opened in1997 Former Montemartini thermoelectric plant, Rome, Italy, 1912

INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE FUNDAMENTAL EXAMINATION ASPECTS

Physical location Historical, technical, architectural, aesthetical, social values National and regional significance Legal status Building condition assessment, risk assessment The entity/identity of location Social judgment Local community connections, identity role Culture tourism perspectives Possibilities for reuse/new function/rehabilitation Impact of the new function on the envinroment Cost benefit analisys Sustainability

DIVISION OF THE DATA Within the first phase of fundamental examination until

mid-2009 some 460 items had been identified and enumerated. The data that has been collected is divided into 6 main fields. Each of them is elaborated into subfields.

MAIN FIELDS:- Legal status- Location- Date/period- Function - Owner, user and type of ownership- Condition assessment

- Legal status/significance - Location - Date/period- Function- Owner, user and type of ownership - Building condition assessment

LISTED BUILDINGS

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Series1 10 18 65 134 231

Total 460 460 460 460 460

Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade ? In evidence

- Legal status- Location - Date/period- Function - Owner, user and type of ownership- Condition assessment

NORTH

SOUTH

INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE - REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION

Belgrade

Belgrade

The basic reasons that development of industry in Serbia in the 19th century was slowed down, particularly in south region, were:

1. shortage of capital

2. unorganized money market

3. shortage of monetary system

4. slow development of legal society that would provide security for invested foreign capital

5. unfavorable economic-political position that lasted up to 1906

6. undeveloped consumer region

7. undeveloped traffic especially railroads that was to connect raw material regions with manufacturing and consuming regions

8. shortage of professional staff, and

9. absence of contractor’s initiative.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

- Legal status- Location - Date/period- Function- Owner, user and type of ownership- Condition assessment

TIMELINE

- XVIII c. – the age of horse and water power- 1801 – 1850/60, the age of water power, steam

- 1860 – 1890/1900, the age of steam, railways, electricity

- 1901 – 1918, the age of electricity, railways, telephony- 1918 – 1940, heavy industry

DATE OF ORIGIN

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Series1 15 16 104 72 81 16 156

Total 460 460 460 460 460 460 460

XVIII c. 1801-1860 1860-1900 1901-1918 1918-1945 1945- Undated

Brewery in Pancevo, began operation in 1722; out of work from 1970s, damaged in fire 2005

The oldest industrial heritage building

The first industrial company

The canon foundry, Kragujevac, later Military – Technical Institution was the first industrial company in Serbia; manufacture started in 1853

Railroad Station in Belgrade built in 1884

Development of the railroad traffic experienced its expansion by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century on the territory of the countries of Serbia, Montenegro, Austro-Hungary and Turkey of that time. Occurrence of railroad in the field of economic relations caused revolution, contributed to rapid switch from natural economy to monetary and it speeded up the process of industrialization.

VUCJE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTIEEE MILESTONE DEDICATED JUNE 25, 2005

The Vucje hydroelectric plant began operation in 1903. It was the first in southern Serbia and the largest in the broader region. By transmitting alternating electric current of 50 Hz at 7000 volts -- high for the period -- over a distance of 16 km, it helped to transform the regional economy. It remained in continual use up today.

- Legal status- Location - Date/period- Function- Owner, user and type of ownership- Condition assessment

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS THAT KEPT FUNCTION

THE LEVEL OF KNOWN DATA (%)

- Legal status- Location - Date/period- Function- Owner, user and type of ownership- Condition assessment

BUILDING CONDITION ASSESSMENT

29

109

17

69

15 3

41

177

460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460

-40

10

60

110

160

210

260

310

360

410

460

Series1 29 109 17 69 15 3 41 177

Total 460 460 460 460 460 460 460 460

Very good GoodRelatively

goodBad Poor Ruinous Uncertainties No data

THE EXISTENCE OF THE ORIGINAL MACHINERY

4056 51

5

308

460 460 460 460 460

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Series1 40 56 51 5 308

Total 460 460 460 460 460

In complete state Partly complete Unsaved Uncertainties No data

Things to do

0

100

200

300

400

500To evaluate identified items

To determne the date of origin

To research the type ofownership

To identify the owner To identify the user

To evaluate the buildingscondition

To research the presence of theoriginal machinery

THE MAIN ISSUES IN A HERITAGE-LED REGENERATION

PROCESS

harmonizing preservation and use

integrating the identity role and interpretation

aspect in the adaptive use plan

fostering of the local community to establish

ownership and enhance belonging to the new

function during regeneration process

and

communication between all participants included in process