37367095 fundamental of computer histo
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Chapter - 001
Computer Fundamental &
History
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What is Computer?
Computer is an Electronics
Device, Which accept data,processing & give me output.
Charles Babbage is called the Father if the Computer.
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Full Form
Commonly operating
machine particularly
used for technical
educational research.
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Characteristics of Computer
Speed
Accuracy
All-rounder Versatility}
Storage
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Types of Computer Mini computer
Micro computer
Desktop Laptop
palmtop notebook
Mainframe computer
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Function of Computer
Input Processing Output
Keyboard , Mouse MicroprocessorsMonitor
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Generation of ComputersFirst Generation [1942 to 1955]
First electronic part used for this was
Vacuum tubes. Computers invented in this generation
were MARK-1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701,IBM 702.
They contained 18000 vacuum tube,weighed more than 30 tons and occupied1500 sq.ft.
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Advantage of First Generation
They were able to performthousands of mathematicaloperations per minute.
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Disadvantages
Very expensive to built andoperate.
Used to get over - heated
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Second Generation [1954 to 1964]
Transistor were developed in1947 and implemented for
computers in 1950. They are smaller in sizecompare to V.T. [Vacuum tube]
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Advantages
Smaller in size,
Less Expensive to built, much faster & more
dependable
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Third Generation [1964 to 1975]
Basic elements of thesecomputers was IC [Integrated
Circuits]. The combine all the parts of
computers in a single silicon chip.
Mainframe & minicomputer weremade out of these parts only.
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Advantages
Smaller in size,
easier to use, fast, affordable & consumesless electricity.
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Forth Generation [1980]
This generation is already running.
These are personal computers &desktop computers used today.
Which had all the units likeALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MU[Memory unit], CU [Control unit]
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Fifth Generation [1990]
They are still in theprocess of invention having
capabilities to type as wespeak.
These will be thecomputers of the future.
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Advantages
They will be smaller
They will be work faster.
less expensive & reliable.
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Parts of computer
Hardware Software
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Hardware What is Hardware?
Hardware is a set of physicalComponents. We can seen & touch it.
E.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouse
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Software
Software is a computerslogically parts, we can seen itbut dont touch. All types of O/S [operating system]
XP,Server 2003/2008,Vista,linux All types of software like MS office,
Nero,Tally,etc
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Computer parts
Input devices
Output devices Processing devices
storage devices Power supply
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Input Devices Any data, which is fed in thecomputer by the user, is known
as the input.
E.g. Keyboard, Mouse, Digitalcamera, Bar code reader, lightpen etc.
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Output devices
The device that gives
us the processed dataor information is
called OUTPUT.
E.g. Monitor ,printers
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Processing Devices
Processing units receive data &
instructions, Store themtemporarily and then process the
data as per the instruction given.E.g. Microprocessor
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Processing parts
Arithmetic logic unit [ALU]
Memory unit [MU] Control unit [CU]
All the three units together are known as thecentral processing unit [CPU]
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Data Data is a collection of facts, figures,statistics that can be processed toproduce meaningful information.
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File File is a collection of any data.
E.G. iant.rtf[WordPad file]iant.doc[Microsoft word File]
iant.xls [Microsoft Excel File]
iant.ppt[Microsoft PowerPoint File]iant.bmp[Mspaint file]
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DesktopThe screen of windows is called
Desktop. It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper,
taskbar etc
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Desktop
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Wallpaper
The background that
appears on the desktop iscalled wallpaper.
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Icon
Graphical symbols or
pictures that appear on thewallpaper of desktop arecalled ICON.
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Icon
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Start MenuButton which appears at thecorner of the task bar is called
start button. It prompts user to start anapplication.
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Start menu