YOUR GUIDE TOHARNESSING THE POWER OF THE SUN

GOSOLAR

ContentsIntroduction to Solar So You Want to Go Solar? / 3Is Solar Energy Right for You? / 4The Value and Challenges of Solar / 5What the Government of Ontario is doing to help / 6

What Solar Can Do for You Your Solar Options / 7System Types: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems / 8System Types: Solar Water Heaters / 9System Types: Solar Pool Heaters / 10Making the Investment: Costs and Benefi ts / 11Case Studies / 12

How to Go SolarOverview / 17Incentives and Rebates / 18Get an ecoENERGY Audit / 19Understand your Energy Consumption / 20Required Permits, Approvals and Inspections / 21Choose an Installer / 22Learn about Bulk Buying / 22Talk to your Local Utility / 23Understand Building Permits / 23Case Study / 24

Frequently Asked QuestionsSolar PV / 26Solar Water Heaters / 27

Resources Ontario’s Energy Players / 28Ontario’s Energy Support Networks / 30Reports, Policy, Permits & Maps / 32Buyers’ Guides / 33

3 / INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR

So You Want toGo Solar? If you want to fi nd out more about how you can go solar, this is the guidebook for you. Go Solar, a program of the Clean Air Foundation, has created this guidebook to assist Ontario residents as they navigate the process of becoming solar energy generators. This guidebook is designed to provide answers to your key questions about solar and help you in the planning and decision making stages, as you investigate what kind of solar energy system may be right for you. There are additional resources throughout the guidebook to help you succeed in becoming a solar energy generator, including: Ontario-based homeowner case studies; links to solar buying community networks and downloadable buyers’ guides; checklists and frequently asked questions. Now is a great time to move towards solar generation, as new fi nancing and incentive opportunities are emerging. Please visit www.gosolarontario.ca. The Go Solar program and this guidebook are funded by the Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.

INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR / 4

If you answered ‘yes’ to some of these questions, there is a good chance that solar energy technology could be a real opportunity for you.

Even if you rent or live in an apartment or condo building, you could work with your tenant association, property manager and/or owner to conduct an energy audit and consider a solar energy installation. It is important to know from the start, that installing solar energy systems in Ontario requires a signifi cant fi nancial investment and an approvals process. However, this guidebook will help you to navigate the process, understand the costs, and appreciate the many benefi ts of investing in a solar future for you and for Ontario.

Is Solar Energy Right for You?

Consider the following questions:

Is your home already highly energy-effi cient?

Is your roof in good condition?

Is your roof free from the shadows of trees and other structures during sunny hours of the day?

Y N

Y N

Y N

5 / INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR

The Value and Challenges of Solar Going solar has economic and environmental value – there are even philosophical and political reasons why you may want to become a renewable energy generator in Ontario. Whatever your reasons might be, below are a few opportunities and challenges as we see them currently in the solar market in Ontario.

Opportunities:

� You can become an energy generator – not just an energy consumer.

� You can be certain that the resale value of your home will increase, because your home can now generate a portion of its own energy – this is certainly an asset.

� Solar energy generation is a local solution to help reduce air pollution and increase your energy security.

� You can reduce your demand for natural gas, oil or electricity.

� Feed-in tariffs, rebates and grants are currently available through the provincial and federal government.

� This is a great time to support your local green economy through solar installation services and purchase of product.

� Ontario’s Green Energy Act presents a number of opportunities for funding, fi nancing and streamlining the process to make it easier to successfully install a system.

� You have an opportunity to demonstrate your commitment to conservation and the environment.

� Ontario gets a lot of sun, similar to Miami.

Challenges:

� Initial investment is required – solar energy systems are not yet inexpensive.

� Paybacks are long and there is a lack of available fi nancing.

� Paperwork is necessary – buildingpermits, safety inspections and audits are required for various systems and these requirements can add time and costs to your installation process.

� Permit requirements may vary by municipality and present a barrier by confusing both consumers and installers.

� It can be diffi cult to screen or select an experienced and qualifi ed installer.

� Solar is still new for many municipalities and utilities and there remains some uncertainty over regulations and guidelines.

INTRODUCTION TO SOLAR / 6

What the Government of Ontario is doing to helpThe Government of Ontario has set an ambitious goal of having 100,000 solar energy systems installed on rooftops in the province of Ontario. To reach that goal, the government is providing Ontario residents with a number of fi nancial incentives and rebates – one of the reasons now is a great time to go solar! The Government of Ontario’s Green Energy Act (GEA) will encourage the development of more renewable energy in Ontario, including solar, by increasing incentives and access to fi nancing, removing barriers and streamlining the installation and connection process, so that it is easier for Ontarians to become energy generators. The Green Energy Act includes a renewable energy incentive program known as a Feed-in Tariff (FIT). See page 18 for further details on FIT. For current Government of Ontario initiatives to increase sales and support solar, visit: www.mei.gov.on.ca/english/energy/gea/

7 / WHAT SOLAR CAN DO FOR YOU

In general terms, Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity, solar water heaters preheat water for use in your home and solar pool heaters preheat water for your pool. In the process of going solar, each homeowner faces different variables that infl uence their research and decision making. Consider the type of system (or combination of systems) that is best for you. Supportive community buying clubs may also be an option for you to consider. Visit www.ourpower.ca for more information. There are a number of other solar applications suchas solar air heating that are not yet widely available. In this guidebook, we will focus on applications that are currently the most commonly available and have the best potential for residents of Ontario. See page 33 for additional resources and buying guides that provide more detail on the technologies themselves.

SOLAR POOLHEATERS

SOLAR WATER HEATERS

Your Solar OptionsThe three most common types of solar energy systems used for residential applications in Ontario are:

PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SOLAR SYSTEMS

SYSTEM TYPES / 8

SOLAR IRRADIANCEFROM THE SUN

PV ARRAY

INVERTER

BREAKER PANEL

METER

UTILITY GRID

HOW IT WORKS:SOLAR PV SYSTEM

Solar Photovoltaic (PV) SystemsPhotovoltaic solar systems (commonly referred to as PV systems) generate electricity that can be used in a number of ways. In Ontario, small-scale solar PV generators typically have three options:

1. You can store the electricity you have generated in batteries off-grid. These applications are often most feasible for cottages or rural properties, where it may be more economical to produce power from renewable energy than to pay for connecting to the grid; or

2. Through a net-metering agreement with your local utility, you can receive a credit on your utility bill for the extra electricity you are providing to the grid; or

3. You can sell your electricity to the Ontario Power Authority (OPA) for 80.2¢/kWh throughthe Feed-in Tariff program and earn approximately $800 – $1,200 per year, based on a typical 1 kW PV system.

A typical 1 kW system (approximately 5 panels) can generate between 1,000 and 1,400 kWh in one year, reducing your electrical demand by 10 to 15%.

9 / SYSTEM TYPES

ECO FACT:

By installing a solar water heater, you can eliminate up to 2 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year.

PERSONAL STORY:

“I was surprised and impressed that when it was minus 10 degrees outside in March, my solar water heater was working to heat water to 47 degrees,” says the Clean Air Foundation’s Stephanie Thorson. “It’s a myth that Canada isn’t well suited for solar. There’s no reason why we shouldn’t be solar leaders!”

Solar Water HeatersHeating water with a solar water heater can save a typical 4-person household approximately 2,700 kWh or $325 per year if supplementing an electric water heater, or $200 per year if supplementing a gas water heater. A solar water heater preheats cold municipal water before it goes into a home’s water heater. Generally, a solar water heating system can meet 50% of the hot water needs for a typical 4-person household year-round. This is substantial, considering heating water accounts for approximately 20 to 25% of a typical energy bill (and more for electric heaters). Systems can produce 100% of needs in the summer months and vary in production for the winter months.

SOLAR IRRADIANCEFROM THE SUN

SOLARCOLLECTOR

HOT WATERTANK

HOT WATER

HOW IT WORKS:SOLAR WATER HEATER

SYSTEM TYPES / 10

ECO FACT:

Replacing a natural gas or propane heater with a solar heater could stop 3 to 10 tonnes of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere each swimming season. That’s about the same amount produced by operating your car for one year!

� Photo courtesy of Enersol Solar Products Ltd.

Solar Pool HeatersSolar pool heating can reduce your energy bills, extend your swimming season, and protect the environment. Solar pool heaters are economical and widely available in Canada. For some homeowners, solar pool heaters can meet all of their pool heating needs with free heat from the sun. Solar pool heaters are the most affordable way to go solar. The cost of an installed solar pool heater starts at $3,000 for a typical 16 by 32 square foot pool. Depending on the type of heating offset, the payback period can be as short as two years. Are you ready to take your fi rst dip into being a solar energy producer? Take a look at solar pool heaters!

11 / WHAT SOLAR CAN DO FOR YOU

Making the Investment: Costs and Benefi tsWhen deciding whether investing in solar energy technology is right for you and your home, you will need to consider and measure the costs and benefi ts. Custom designed and installed solar energy systems can be scaled up to increase energy output – depending on your budget and what you’d like to achieve. It may be helpful to explore fi nancing options that are available to you. The table below provides a quick overview of the most popular solar energy systems currently available – the costs, payback and benefi ts. There are many factors that go into determining the costs and payback of a solar system, and the numbers below are an estimate. Actual prices and payback could fall higher or lower, but these estimates will give you an idea of what to expect.

SYSTEM TYPE

ESTIMATED COST

AVERAGE PAYBACK**

SAVINGS AND BENEFITS

Solar Domestic Water Heating

$4,000* – $8,000

Approx. 6 to 13 years for water heated by electricity or approx. 12 to 20 years for natural gas heating

� Save approx. 2,700 kWhor $325 per year with an electric solar water heater

� Save approx. $200 per year if supplementing a natural gas water heater

� Eliminate up to 2 tonnes of CO2 emissions per year

Solar Pool Heating

$3,000 – $6,000

Approx. 2 to 7 years

� Shortest payback period of any solar technology

� Reduces 3 to 10 tonnes of CO2 from the air in one year

� Extends the swimming season

Small-Scale Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

$12,000 + up

Approx. 7 to 15 years

� Save between 1,000 and 1,400 kWh per year with a 1 kW system

� Sell your green electricity to the grid

� Receive credit for the electricity you generate

� Reduce electricity demand from your household by 10 to 15%

* The least expensive system may be seasonal.

** Individual payback periods for residential solar energy systems are calculated by a variable equation of: (1) Size, cost and effi ciency of system. (2) Current and future incentives (rebates, grants, zero-interest loans) from government. (3) Ontario’s feed-in tariff program, which pays generator for the power being produced or the credit received from net-metering. (4) Current and future prices of conventional energy. (5) Savings from reduced energy consumption. (6) Interest payments if loans are used to purchase system.

CASE STUDY / 12

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In the spring of 2007, Jed and Sheila Goldberg decided to install a 2.5 kW grid-tied solar PV system, along with a solar water heater, on their Toronto home.

13 / CASE STUDY

Since the panels are quite visible from the street, we enjoy watching people crane their necks as they walk by or chatting up our neighbours about solar.— JED GOLDBERG

QUICK FACTS:

� 2.5 kW solar PV system

� Grid-tied� Stopped paying

electricity bills entirely

� 30% reduction of natural gas consumption

� Solar PV (left) and Solar Water Heater (top right)

THE GOLDBERG’S STORY: “We both have strong environmentalvalues, so we knew we wanted to go this route despite the cost and red tape. We were very fortunate that, as a result of being part of a bulk purchase community solar project, The West Toronto Initiative for Solar Energy (WISE), we didn’t have to do the research on systems and contractors, negotiate price or arrange the grid hookup with the local utility and the Standard Offer Contract application with the OPA. WISE did all of that on our behalf, and more. WISE was one of the fi rst groups of its kind to offer this support, but since then, many other groups have popped up all over the province. The website www.ourpower.ca is a portal to many of these community based projects. “Our systems have been running fl awlessly since they were installed. We have not paid a hydro bill for a year and a half and our gas consumption has

been reduced by 30% or so, as a result of the solar thermal unit. “Even with these fi nancial savings, it will take many years to pay these systems off, but we weren’t looking at this as a fi nancial investment. It was really a lifestyle decision. After all, what is the fi nancial return on renovating your bathroom or kitchen? Not everything can be measured by ROI. Hopefully, the passing of the Green Energy Act will make solar much more available to many more Ontarians. “The experience has been fabulous for us personally. We have stepped up our own environmental commitment, as well as promoting renewable energy to all who will listen. Since the panels are quite visible from the street, we enjoy watching people crane their necks as they walk by or chatting up our neighbours about solar.”

CASE STUDY / 14

k Dr

Meadow Brook Cir

Vista Dr

ont Pl

Roadside Ave

Sunnyside Ave

Vista Ct

Virginia Ave

Prospect Ave

Northeast Ave

rprise Ave

Myrtle Ave

M

Roadside Ave

E 2nd St

Homewood Ave

S Mulberry St

W Main St

Quincy Rd

dgewood Dr

Blue RWynnecrest Dr

Bayer D

Locust St

Windsor Rd

Morningstar Ln

Brown St

Hollinger Ave

Valley View Dr

Cottage St

Pen Mar St Walnut St

St Andrews Dr

Reservoir Ave

Harbaugh Ave

ham Dr

Northfield Ave

Dickinson Ave

Northfield Ave

E Gay St

Cottage St

Locust St

Highland Ave

Hawbaker Ave

E North St

Middle St

Picadilly Cir

Mt Airy Ave

N Broad St

N Mulberry StN Mulberry St

Strine Ave

Penn St

Ringgold St

E Gay St

Elder Ave

E 3rd St

S Broad St

St

N PotomFor Denise Rackus of Ottawa, Ontario, setting an example and taking action for the environment motivated her to go solar – but the long-term economic benefi ts and fi nancial incentives helped make it happen.

15 / CASE STUDY

DENISE’S STORY: “As information related to Global Warming became more available, I actively searched for means to reduce my own consumption and to set an example. An additional impetus was the disconcerting downward direction of the stock markets, which meant that my investments were losing considerable value. As I could not foresee rapid improvement along that front, I decided that continued investment in making my house as environmentally effi cient as possible was a better way to go.” Denise started by replacing her furnace and windows with the highest effi ciency models. Her house was well-situated with a large roof facing south-south-east. For her solar water heating system, Denise took advantage of a number of incentives, including the federal government’s ecoENERGY for renewable heat funding for the Solar H2Ottawa project, developed by Sustainable Ottawa. The funding reduced her cost by $1,200.00. Additionally, the Province of Ontario provided a rebate for the Retail Sales Tax and also matched the federal

QUICK FACTS:

� Rebates totalled $2,350� Canadian-made system� Works well under

cloudy conditions

government’s ecoENERGY rebate for a solar water heating system. All together, Denise’s rebates totalled $2,350. Denise is happy with her Canadian-made EnerWorks Residential Solar Hot Water system. “I have had excellent support in having my questions answered or my fears allayed, particularly at the outset. The system functions very well under most circumstances.” She has found that the sunnier the weather, the better, but even under cloudy conditions, it works surprisingly well. “Although as yet the system has yielded only limited fi nancial savings, I have no doubt that in the long run, it will have been worth my while. For one, it still yields better return on investment than my present investments in the stock market and the savings will accumulate over time. I am also quite certain that it has added real estate value to my house. A big bonus is the satisfaction of knowing that I am contributing towards a more sustainable planet.”

I have no doubt that in the long run, it will have been worth my while.— DENISE RACKUS

CASE STUDY / 16

DAVE’S STORY: “We wanted to support the concept and growth of distributed green electricity generation, and do something a little bit nerdy and fun. To us, the cost of a PV system is equivalent to the amount we might spend redoing a kitchen or bathroom. Kitchens are nice, but solar power is cool. Now that we are part of the Standard Offer Contract, we get a kick out of knowing that our panels earn money every day, without us lifting a fi nger. They are silent, maintenance-free and very effective. Solar is the future.”

ROB’S STORY: In the summer of 2005, Rob Unruh installed a 3 kW solar PV system and in 2008, added a single-panel solar water heater unit to the roof of his Waterloo home. He has seen some fantastic results. Since 2005, the PV system has produced an average of 3,487 kilowatt hours per year. “My total home electricity consumption is just less than 3,000 kilowatt hours annually, so my house is actually a net producer of electricity.” “Thanks to the solar water heating panel, from June through September, I was able to completely turn off my backup natural gas water heater and use solar-heated water exclusively. During the summer months, the solar system heated the water to a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius. The system also works well on sunny winter days. “On one January day, when the outside temperature was -14 degrees, my solar water tank was preheated to 35 degrees.”

� Dave Ulrich, solar system owner, and Scott Snowden of Our Power proudly display Dave’s solar system

� Solar PV array

� Solar water heater panel

HOW TO GO SOLAR

1 2Many homes are suitable or can bemade suitable for solar technologies. To know whether your home is solar-ready, you need to answer a number of questions, such as:

� Will your roof soon need repair or re-shingling?

� Is at least part of your roof south-facing?

� Do trees or other structures shade part of your house on sunny days?

� Is there space for an additional water tank in the basement (solar water heater) or do you have 10 square metres of roof space available for photovoltaic (PV) panels?

You can conduct an audit of your home yourself, or consider contacting a local vendor for a no-obligation site visit at your home.

Reducing the energy your home draws from the grid is the fi rst step in getting the most out of any home solar energy system. Nega-watts, or the energy your home does not use, are the cheapest and easiest way to cut your energy bill and help the environment. Once you have achieved a “conserver-household,” you are ready to Go Solar. To get an energy audit of your household and recommendations on how to make rebate-eligible energy effi ciency upgrades to your home, call local ecoENERGY certifi ed auditors to receive and compare quotes. See page 19 to fi nd out how an ecoENERGY audit will enable you to access provincial and federal incentives for solar water heaters.

Conduct a solar audit of your home

Get an ecoENERGY home auditperformed

3 4Once you have made the decision to Go Solar, you will need to better understand how your household uses energy in order to estimate the size and cost of your system or calculate potential greenhouse gas emission reductions. At this stage, it may be helpful to explore fi nancing options available to you.

Talk to other individuals in your neighbourhood or municipality who have solar energy systems before deciding to install solar equipment yourself or contacting an installer. There are also a number of bulk buying solar initiatives that can be accessed throughout Ontario, in which residents are organizing to solicit company bids for group purchase rates and services. You will need to obtain necessary approvals from the local utility (PV), a building permit from the local municipality (PV and solar water heater) and an Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) inspection (PV). Installers will often help with obtaining these approvals; however, it is important to know your legal obligations for insurance and liability purposes. See page 21 for a full list of the required permits, approvals and inspections.

Create a solar budget and calculate your household’s energy consumption

Research, ask questions and obtain approvals

OVERVIEW

5 6Before selecting and installing a solar energy system, a number of decisions will have to be made. Deciding to go with a solar water heater, a 1 to 3 kW photovoltaic (PV) system, or both, will depend on household energy consumption, fi nances, roof space, a number of approvals and personal preferences. You can discuss available CSA-approved (or equivalent federally approved) components and collectors with a local solar contractor or retailer. Once your solar energy system is installed on the roof, you can start producing electricity for your home, solar heating your water or sending electricity back to the grid.

If you have conducted an ecoENERGYaudit of your primary residence and installed a solar water heater in Ontario, you are eligible for incentives of up to $2,500 on a solar water heating system. An auditor will conduct a verifi cation audit to ensure you have installed an approved system and then submit the paperwork (for your rebate) on your behalf. To receive an RST refund, you will need to submit a Retail Sales Tax form to the Ontario Ministry of Revenue. Visit www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/ for more information. If you have installed a PV system, you will need to submit an application to the Ontario Power Authority (installers may do this on your behalf) and then create an account with the utility to sell power back to the grid.

Select and install a solar system

Collect incentives, rebates or payments

HOW TO GO SOLAR / 18

RST REBATE

FEED-IN TARIFF

NET METERING

ONTARIO HOME ENERGY AUDIT REBATE

ECOENERGY AUDIT REBATE

Incentives and rebatesFor all solar energy systems

A Retail Sales Tax (RST) rebate is available with the purchase of any solar energy system. For more complete details, visit www.rev.gov.on.ca/english/refund/sesr/

For solar PV

The Feed-in Tariff (FIT) is designed to encourage the development of renewable energy supply by purchasing renewable energy sent to the electrical grid. Projects that are 10 kW or smaller can qualify for the micro FIT program. The FIT price for solar PV systems less or equal to 10 kW is 80.2¢/kWh.

Receive a credit towards your electricity bill for the extra electricity your system provides to the grid. Visit www.mei.gov.on.ca/english/energy/renewable/?page=net-metering for more information on net metering.

For solar water heaters

Ontario currently offers $150 toward the cost of a home energy audit. The auditor completes the paperwork to apply for the grants and submits it on behalf of the homeowner.

The ecoENERGY rebates are only available for primary residences. The Government of Canada provides $1,250 and the Government of Ontario provides the other $1,250.

17 / OVERVIEW

How to Go SolarThis section is a tool to help you through the process of going solar.

ASSESS your home

GET an ecoENERGY audit

RESEARCH buyingclubs

CONSIDER incentives and rebates

UNDERSTAND how much energy your household consumes

CREATE a budget

CHOOSE an installer

GET permits approved

COMPLETE solar system installation

Now is a great time to go solar in Ontario.

From research to rebates, this worksheet outlines sixsteps to get you started.Visit www.gosolarontario.cafor more information.

OVERVIEW

19 / DETAILS

Get an ecoENERGY audit An ecoENERGY audit will enable you to access provincial and federal incentives for solar water heaters. Here’s how:

1. Book a Home Energy Assessment (pre-retrofi t). This audit will evaluate the energy effi ciency of your entire home, from basement to attic. The audit will identify leaks and will test your insulation, windows, furnace and hot water tank for effi ciency. You will receive a customized and detailed report that will indicate how your home performed in terms of energy effi ciency and make recommendations on what retrofi ts and improvements are needed to improve your home’s energy effi ciency. A fee payment (usually $300) will be required toensure a thorough ecoENERGY audit. To fi nd a local certifi ed ecoENERGY auditor, search by your local postal code at: www.oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/personal/new-home-improvement/contact-advisors.cfm?attr=4

2. Select and install your solar water heating system within 18 months of your pre-retrofi t audit. Once your renovations are complete, contact your ecoENERGY auditor to schedule your post-retrofi t verifi cation audit.

3. Complete your Home Energy Assessment (post-retrofi t verifi cation). The home energy advisor will complete your application to receive your provincial and federal grants. Depending on the upgrades that have been made in your home, you could be eligible for a total of $2,500 in rebates for your new solar water heater system.

ESTIMATED COSTS:

HOME ENERGY ASSESSMENT:

REBATES AND GRANTS:

Solar Water Heating System

� Pre-retrofi t Assessment

� Post-retrofi t Assessment (verifi cation)

� Building permit

� Ontario Home Energy Assessment rebate

� Ontario RST rebate

� Ontario grant

� Federal grant

� $4,000* to $8,000

� approx. $300

� approx. $150

� varies by municipality

� $150

� varies

� $1,250

� $1,250

* Less expensive systems may be seasonal

HOW TO GO SOLAR / 20

Understand your EnergyConsumptionReducing the energy your home draws from the grid is the fi rst step in getting the most out of any home solar energy system. Nega-watts, or the energy your home does not use, are the cheapest and easiest way to cut your energy bill and help the environment. As you begin to learn more about energy effi ciency, solar energy and energy generation, you will need to understand the difference between kilowatts (kW) and kilowatt hours (kWh). This is especially important when determining how much energy you use (measured in kilowatt hours) and what size of solar system you should consider for your home (measured in kilowatts). A kilowatt (kW) is used to describe power output and is equal to one thousand watts. Residential Photovoltaic (PV) systems are typically 1 to 3 kW. A kilowatt hour (kWh) is used to describe the amount of power used per hour. When you look at your electricity bill, you will see that your electricity usage is expressed and charted in kWh. A kWh is the product of power in kilowatts multiplied by time in hours. To fi nd out how much energy your household uses, check out your electric utility bill.

QUICK FACT:

A 1 kW solar PV system is designed to have an output of 1 kW/hour. This output naturally depends on the amount of sun exposure and the effi ciency of your system. On average, in Ontario, it’s safe to say you can get approx. 5 hours of sun per day. In terms of energy output, it is safe to estimate that your PV system can generate between 1,000 and 1,400 kWh per year. You should consult with your system designer to determine which factors will affect the effi ciency of your system’s performance.

21 / HOW TO GO SOLAR

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ( PV ) SYSTEM

SOLAR WATER HEATER SYSTEM

Required Permits, Approvals and InspectionsBelow is an overview of the types of permits, approvals and inspections that are generally required in Ontario. Installers will often help with obtaining these approvals; however, it is important to know your legal obligations for insurance and liability purposes. Requirements can vary by municipality, so please contact your local municipal building inspector or electric utility for specifi c details.

Municipal Building Permit

Electrical safety inspection and approval required by the Electrical Safety Authority (ESA)

Electricity Distributor’s Connection Agreement

Inspection by your local utility

Municipal Building Permit

Municipal Plumbing Permit

PV panels measuring 5m2 or more are considered “designated structures” and require a building permit.

All new wiring or wiring alterations to your home, including the installation of solar PV, require an inspection by the ESA.

To connect your PV system to the electrical grid, you will need to enter into an agreement with your local electrical utility.

Required to ensure your interconnection is working properly and safely.

Solar collectors measuring 5m2 or more are considered “designated structures” and require a building permit.

When a solar water heater system is connected to domestic water supply, a plumbing permit is required.

Your local municipal building offi cials or your installer

Your installer should help coordinate the inspection and certifi cation of your system with the ESA or Visit: www.esasafe.com/GeneralPublic/iaf_001.php?s=5

Your local electrical utility

Your local electrical utility

Your local municipal building offi cials or your installer

Your local municipal building offi cials or your installer

REQUIRED PERMIT / INSPECTION

WHY IT’S NECESSARY

WHO TO CONTACT

HOW TO GO SOLAR / 22

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Choose anInstallerChoosing an installer can be a daunting task. We have put together a list of questions you should consider and ask when interviewing various installers and getting quotes. As a starting point, visit the CanSIA website www.cansia.ca and search by city to fi nd your local certifi ed CanSIA solar installer. We recommend getting several quotes from different installers.

Questions to ask your potential installer:

Learn about Bulk BuyingTalk to other individuals in your neighbourhood or municipality who have solar energy systems. There are a number of bulk buying solar initiatives that can be accessed throughout Ontario, in which residents in communities are organizing to solicit company bids for group purchase rates and services. Visit www.ourpower.ca – an online portal to many of these community-based projects.

Are you a member in good standing with the Canadian Solar Industries Association (CanSIA)?

What current certifi cations do you have?

What installation warranty, guaranteed service and maintenance policies do you have in place?

Could I speak with one of your references or do you have any testimonials from previous customers?

How many years of experience does your lead installer have? Do you use a licensed electrical contractor? (Refers to PV only.)

Have you successfully applied for building permits with local municipalities?

Are the solar modules, inverters, and other equipment you will beinstalling CSA-approved and onthe NRCan list of approved products? (Essential if you areapplying for ecoENERGY grants.)

23 / HOW TO GO SOLAR

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Talk to your Local UtilityBefore you contact your local utility, be prepared and know the answers to the following types of questions. Utilities will always enjoy working with a well-educated new generator.

Consider the following:

Understand Building PermitsGetting a building permit for your solar system is an important step worth your time and effort. A building permit will protect both you and the community’s best interests. If any structural changes are required to your home, permits ensure it’s safe. Reduce your personal liability and potential home insurance problems by ensuring a building permit is obtained. Your fi rst step will be to contact your local municipal building offi cials. Many solar energy system installation companies will include obtaining all required building permits, fi nal municipal inspection and certifi cation as part of their fees. Talk to your installer to ensure they provide this service. The Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing describes the process of getting a building permit on the following website: www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page1753.aspx

Will you be net-metering or will you be taking advantage of the Feed-in Tariff?

What is your average electrical consumption?

What is your account number with your local utility?

What is the size of the system you are installing?

What type of system are you are installing? (Have specs handy.)

What type of installation are you are considering? (Flush to the roof or racks.)

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CASE STUDY / 24

With an off-grid cottage system and a grid-tied combination Solar PV and Solar hot water heater for their Toronto home, the Brighams are model solar power generators.

25 / CASE STUDY

THE BRIGHAM’S STORY: “My name is Mike Brigham, and I have been working with solar energy systems as a hobby for about 25 years now. Back in 1985, I inquired about getting a cable laid to an island in Georgian Bay so I could get grid power at my cottage. After the shocking quote of $12,000 to $15,000, I decided instead to put in my own stand-alone (not grid-tied) solar energy system, starting with one panel and one used car battery, to supply one 12-volt light from an RV. Guess what… it worked! “That system has since grown, so that today, it powers our lights, stereo, microwave oven, electric coffee maker, dishwasher, power tools and so on. There are two very real differences between my neighbours and me. They pay monthly utility bills and have an average of 21 power failures per year (we are in a bad area for that). I buy a new set of batteries every 15 years (under $2,000) and, other than that, have absolutely no other bills to pay. I love the fact that we are self-suffi cient, and when there is a power failure, it is diffi cult to restrain ourselves from turning on more lights and dancing around the verandah to advertise the fact that we still have power! “In 2003, my wife and I built our dream home in Toronto, and I decided at the time that we must have solar here inthe city. My solar hot water system was installed just after the house was built, and my solar electric system was installed just last August (2008). Although we are connected to the grid here in Toronto, I enjoy the same pride in generating clean electricity that causes no pollution, no greenhouse gas emissions, no nuclear waste, and is completely quiet and safe. Our system is so big that we should make more electricity than we consume in a year, despite the fact that we use air conditioning in the summer. “I take great pride in my system, and often bring complete strangers into my home to show them how it works. I can show them my best record gas bill, which indicates that I actually used less than $6.00 worth of gas that month. Not only are our gas bills low, but I am about to start receiving monthly payments for the electricity I generate, which should total about $2,400 per year for the next 20 years. One can spend as much on a kitchen renovation as I did for my solar systems, but I doubt that they will have the lasting pride in it that I have in my solar systems, and certainly not a cash fl ow! I know that I’m doing my bit for the environment, and I’m now very close to achieving a zero carbon footprint.”

QUICK FACTS:

� 5.6 kW solar PV system� Participating in RESOP� 1 solar water heater

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS / 26

FAQs on Solar PV:

What happens if I sell my house with a Feed-in Tariff Contract?In the case where a generator is moving, contracts can be assigned to new parties – the new buyer. If you wanted to take the PV system with you to a new address, you would have to apply for a new Feed-in Tariff Contract with the Ontario Power Authority. Visit: www.powerauthority.on.ca

Is there a cap on the amount of energy that I can sell to the grid?The microFIT rules apply to solar systems of 10 kW or less. Systems larger than 10 kW will be subject to different rules and requirements.

As most residential solar installations do not exceed 10 kW, the microFIT rules will apply.

Do I need a separate meter or can meters be confi gured to run backwards or export power when I am using Net Metering? Some older meters do “run backwards”; however, new or interval meters are digital and can be confi gured for net metering readings. Where meters cannot be confi gured to import and export electricity to the grid, a new meter can be connected in series and a homeowner’s existing customer account will be credited for power produced.

27 / FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

FAQs on SolarWater Heaters:

Are rebates available for multi-residential properties? Yes, eligible properties include single detached and attached homes (e.g., row housing, duplexes and triplexes), small multi-unit residential buildings, including some small apartment buildings of three stories or less. Visit: www.homeenergyontario.ca

Are new homes eligible for ecoENERGY rebates?No. The program does not apply to new construction because new homes are already quite effi cient. A house is considered new for up to six months after construction. A Retail Sales Tax (RST) Rebate is the only incentive currently available to new buildings or developments, unless they are classifi ed as commercial buildings.

If I own one or more homes and rent these properties, am I eligible for these rebates? If you own multiple residential properties, you will be eligible for multiple ecoENERGY home assessment audit rebates; however, you can only qualify for an ecoENERGY rebate for retrofi ts on a primary residence. Therefore, cottages and secondary properties are not eligible for the $2,500 solar water heater rebate.

What incentives are available for farmers in Ontario?Farmers may qualify for commercial rebates such as the Ontario Solar Thermal Heating Incentive program or Federal Renewable Heat program, offering up to 50% back on the overall cost of a commercial solar thermal system. Visit: www.mei.gov.on.ca/english/energy/conservation/?page=osthi

RESOURCES / 28

Ontario’s Energy Players

The Ontario Power Authority (OPA)

� Mandated to contribute to the development of a reliable and sustainable electricity system for the benefi t of Ontario customers. As a small-scale solar electricity producer, you will contract directly with the Ontario Power Authority if you decide to sell your PV electricity back to the grid. Visit:www.powerauthority.on.ca

The Ontario Energy Board (OEB)

� Responsible for regulating Ontario’s natural gas and electricity sectors in the public interest. On February 12, 2009, the OEB amended the Distribution System Code, as part of a broader review currently underway that will facilitate and remove barriers to connecting clean renewable generation to the Ontario power grid. The regulatory changes that OEB made in February 2009, exempt small generation projects from the queuing process – making it easier and faster to get your renewable energy connected to the grid. For more details, visit:www.oeb.gov.on.ca

The Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure (OMEI)

900 Bay Street 4th Floor, Hearst BlockToronto, ON M7A 2E1Tel.: 1-888-668-4636www.mei.gov.on.ca

� Responsible for ensuring that Ontario’s electricity system functions at the highest level of reliability and productivity. The Ministry promotes the development of renewable sources of energy.

The Regulatory Players:

� WHO THEY ARE

� WHAT THEY DO � WHAT THIS MEANS FOR YOU

AS AN ENERGY GENERATOR

29 / RESOURCES

The Energy Generation Player:

The Transmission Players:

Hydro One and Local Distribution Companies (LDCs)

� Deliver electrical service to homes and businesses across Ontario. Hydro One operates the majority of Ontario’s transmission lines and typically services rural areas, while electric utility companies, such as Toronto Hydro, service urban areas. As a small generator connected to the grid, you will need to work with your local LDC to ensure your connection to the local electrical grid is safe and secure.

The Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

� Connects all participants in Ontario’s power system – generators that produce electricity, transmitters that send it across the province, retailers who buy and sell it, industries and businesses that use it in large quantities and local distribution companies that deliver it to people’s homes. Did you know that every fi ve minutes, the IESO forecasts energy consumption throughout the province and collects the best offers from generators to provide the required amount of electricity? This allows customers to see prices fl uctuate based on supply and demand. As a result, they can shift consumption away from peaks in demand to times when the price is lower. For more information, visit www.ieso.ca.

Ontario Power Generation

� A provincially owned electricity generation company. Its hydroelectric, nuclear and fossil fuel stations generate approximately 70 per cent of Ontario’s electricity. The balance of Ontario’s electricity is generated by private companies, as well as other smaller operators and generators (this could be you). Visitwww.opg.com for more information.

RESOURCES / 30

Canadian Solar Industry Association (CanSIA)2415 Holly Lane Suite 250Ottawa, ON K1V 7P2Tel.: (613) 736-9077Fax: (613) 736-8938www.cansia.ca

About: CanSIA is a federally registered not-for-profi t association whose membership is comprised of individuals, companies and governments sharing an interest in solar technology.

Mission: CanSIA works to strengthen the Canadian solar industry, increase the professionalism of companies, foster domestic and international markets, and promote the use of renewable energies.

Go Solar: a program of the Clean Air Foundation201-1216 Yonge St.Toronto, ON M4T 1W1Tel.: (416) 922-9038Fax: (416) 922-1028www.gosolarontario.ca

About: The Go Solar program is in place to assemble essential information resources for homeowners in Ontario interested in installing solar photovoltaic, water or pool heater systems.

Mission: Go Solar’s mission is to educate Ontario homeowners about solar technologies, show them how to make their purchases and inform them of the incentives available to them.

Goal:� Support 100,000 solar

rooftops in Ontario in 15 years

CommunityPower Fundwww.cpfund.ca

About: The Community Power Fund is a $3 million Fund that will support project development activities of Ontario-based community organizations pursuing local renewable energy projects. The Fund will disburse $2.5 million in grants and spend $500,000 on operations, capacity building and management. We will initially operate for 3.5 years, from August 2007 until the end of 2010. The Fund is seeking additional seed money in order to make a transition from a short-term grant program into a sustainable loan and investment organization. The Fund is seeking $10 million in seed money before 2010 to make this transition.

Goals:� Offset 50,000

tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions

� Suffi cient funding for up to 15 community power projects

� 10,000 MW of community power by 2025

Ontario’s Energy Support Networks

31 / RESOURCES

Ontario Sustainable Energy Association401 Richmond Street W. Suite 401Toronto, ON M5V 3A8Tel.: (416) 977-4441Fax: (416) 977-2157www.ontario-sea.org

About: The Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA) is a province-wide, member-based, non-profi t organization representing more than 1,500 individuals, including private citizens, cooperatives, farmers, First Nations, businesses, institutions and municipalities. OSEA members are engaged in or supporters of Community Power projects and renewable energy.

Goals: � An Ontario Green

Energy Act by 2010� Community power

development with more than 50 per cent community ownership

� 500 megawatts of community power in Ontario by 2012

� 100% renewable energy powering Ontario by 2025

Ontario Green Energy Act AllianceTel.: (416) 597-2748www.greenenergyactalliance.ca

About: The Green Energy Act Alliance is building an alliance of stakeholders who will recommend fundamental changes that are needed to Ontario’s electricity system to clear the way for a cleaner, safer quality of life for generations to come.

Mission: � Reinforce the

commitment to conservation and renewable energy

� Establish a ‘road map’ to conservation and green energy and address gaps in the present plans, including removing barriers to ensure renewables get online

� Take advantage of the clean slate that is Ontario’s electricity system, which requires an estimated $60 billion to reinforce and bring on new generation

� Identify our opportunities and copy best practices to capitalize on them, just as we did with the RESOP

Our Powerwww.ourpower.ca

About: Our Power is an organization with a proven track record of helping communities drive the growth of installed solar energy capacity. Community groups can use their website to plan a professional renewable energy project, get experienced advice and access a comprehensive tool kit continually updated by stakeholders in the community power sector, using a wiki platform. The site also allows individuals to share information with their neighbours and other groups as well as keep up to date on community power development in a blog-style approach. To view a wiki version of this guidebook, visit: http://wiki.ourpower.ca

RESOURCES / 32

Page 10: Courtesy of Enersol Solar Products Ltd. Page 13: Courtesy of Jed GoldbergPage 16: Courtesy of Rob Unruh and Dave Ulrich Page 24, 25: Courtesy of Mike Brigham

Photo Credits

Reports, Policy,Permits and Maps

Ontario’s Solar Task Force Report:Packed with information and analyses, this report explores the great potential for where the solar industry can go in Ontario and how to get there. Download the complete report here:www.mei.gov.on.ca/english/pdf/conservation/ostf-fi nal_report103108.pdf

Ontario’s Green Energy Act:Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructurewww.mei.gov.on.ca.wsd6.korax.net/english/energy/gea/

Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and HousingBuilding permits background information available here:http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/Page1753.aspx

Common Building Permit Application Form:The Building and Development Branch in the Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing has developed a common (construction or demolition) permit application form that is then submitted to your local municipality. Download the complete application: www.obc.mah.gov.on.ca/Page118.aspx

Atlas of Canada’s Solar and Wind Mapshttp://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives/3rdedition/environment/climate/020

33 / RESOURCES

© Clean Air Foundation 2009, all rights reserved.

Disclaimer: This guidebook and its contents are distributed for informational purposes only. None of the information in this guidebook should be considered tax, fi nancial, or legal advice – consult a professional if you require any tax, fi nancial, or legal assistance. The information in this guidebook was accurate to the best of Clean Air Foundation’s knowledge at the time this guidebook was produced, but Clean Air Foundation does not guarantee the accuracy of any information contained in this guidebook. Clean Air Foundation shall not be liable in any way for any damages or adverse consequences sustained as a result of performing or not performing any action based on the information in this guidebook. The views of this guidebook are that of Clean Air Foundation and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure.

Buyers’ Guides

Photovoltaic Systems: A Buyer’s Guide (2003), Natural Resources CanadaEnergy Resources BranchRenewable and Electrical Energy Division580 Booth Street, 17th Floor, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E4For more information, visit: http://canmetenergy.nrcan.gc.ca

Solar Water Heating Systems: A Buyer’s Guide (2003), Natural Resources Canada Download the complete document free of charge: http://canmetenergy-canmetenergie.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/eng/publications.html?ISBN:0-662-28486-0

Residential Solar Pool Heating Systems: A Buyer’s Guide (2001), Natural Resources Canada Download the complete document free of charge: http://canmetenergy-canmetenergie.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/eng/renewables/solar_thermal/publications.html?ISBN:0-662-30665-1

OSEA CanSIA Solar Thermal Community Action Manual (2007), Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA)Download the complete document free of charge: www.ontario-sea.org/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=899

Solar PV Community Action Manual (2008), Ontario Sustainable Energy Association (OSEA) Download the complete document free of charge: www.ontario-sea.org/Page.asp?PageID=122&ContentID=899

FPO

Now is the time to Go Solarwww.gosolarontario.ca