3.#accroissementde#lapopulaon# mondiale# · 3.#accroissementde#lapopulaon# mondiale# page 16 16...
TRANSCRIPT
3. Accroissement de la popula3on mondiale
PAGE 16
16 Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 World Population GrowthSource: US Census Bureau.
slightly more than 200 million around AD 1. High birthrates were offset byhigh death rates from famine, war, and epidemics. It is estimated, for example,that the bubonic plague reduced the populations of Europe and China by one-third to one-half in the fourteenth century.1 Even by 1600, the world’s popula-tion was estimated to be only 500 million—not all that much larger than thecurrent population of the United States.2
Beginning in the mid-1600s, the world’s population started to grow morerapidly as life expectancy slowly increased with improvements in commerce,food production and security, and nutrition, with the world’s population reach-ing approximately one billion by 1800. The nineteenth century would, however,bring a surge in population growth, particularly in Europe. Coinciding with theIndustrial Revolution, the population of Europe doubled between 1800 and1900. Fueled by European immigration, North America’s population multipliedby twelve in the same period.3 The population of less developed countries grewmore slowly during this time, but they already held the bulk of the world’spopulation. Advances in medicine and sanitation increased survival and lifeexpectancies. By 1900, world population was approximately 1.7 billion, increas-ing to two billion by 1930. The mid-twentieth century saw unprecedented pop-ulation growth, with the world’s population reaching three billion by 1960 andfour billion by 1974. The fifth billion was reached just twelve years later. Theworld’s population surpassed seven billion in 2011 and is projected to reach 96billion by the year 2050.4 Up-to-date world and US population figures can befound at www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html.
Between 1960 and 1998, the world’s population doubled from three to sixbillion. Demographers often refer to the amount of time it would take for a
................. 18486$ $CH1 11-26-13 15:49:33 PS
• Combien de frères et de sœurs ont eu vos grands-‐parents?
• Combien de frères et de sœurs ont eu vos parents?
• Combien de frères et de sœurs avez-‐vous? • Combien d’enfants voudriez-‐vous avoir? • ….
Laos
Quelques défini3ons
• Taux d’accroissement naturel • Indice de fécondité • Taux de mortalité • Espérance de vie
Taux d’accroissement naturel
• % d’accroissement d’une pop. en un an – Taux de natalité – taux de mortalité
!" !"#$%& '(& )*'$+*,-./*0#
!"# $%&#'&()#*+,,#-./01#)&(2%#*3#4!00!."5#6%&"#$%̕#-(:*5*#;&)2&"$#4(2<#!"#+=>?@#1./40!"A#$!B&#-(:#?C#'&():5#D(1#$%&*5*# ;&)2&"$# )($&# 2."$!"/&1# !"$.# $%&# $-&"$'EF!):$# 2&"$/)'@G()$%:#;.;/0($!."#!"#*,+,#-./01#4&#"&()0'#+,#4!00!."#!":$&(1.F#"&()0'#H#4!00!."5#I#*5*#;&)2&"$#789#$%)./A%#$%&#$-&"$'EF!):$2&"$/)'#-./01#%(J&#;).1/2&1#(#$.$(0#;.;/0($!."#.F#B.)&#$%("C,#4!00!."#!"#*+,,5
K.)&#$%("#=C#;&)2&"$#.F#$%&#"($/)(0#!"2)&(:&#!:#20/:$&)&1#!"LMN:#OP!A/)&#*E=Q5#R%̕#&S2&&1:#*5,#;&)2&"$#!"#B.:$#2./"E$)!&:#.F#:/4ET(%()("#IF)!2(#("1#$%&#K!110&#G(:$@#-%&)&(:# !$# !:"&A($!J&#!"#G/).;&@#B&("!"A#$%($#!"#$%&#(4:&"2&#.F#!BB!A)("$:@;.;/0($!."#(2$/(00'#!:#1&20!"!"A5#I4./$#."&E$%!)1#.F#$%&#-.)01:;.;/0($!."#A).-$%#1/)!"A# $%&#;(:$#1&2(1&#%(:#4&&"# !"#T./$%I:!(@# ."&EF./)$%# !"# :/4ET(%()("# IF)!2(@# ("1# $%&# )&B(!"1&)
1!J!1&1#(4./$#&U/(00'#(B."A#G(:$#I:!(@#T./$%&(:$#I:!(@#L($!"IB&)!2(@#("1#$%&#K!110&#G(:$5
9&A!."(0#1!FF&)&"2&:# !"#789:#B&("#$%($#B.:$#.F#$%&#-.)01:(11!$!."(0# ;&.;0&# 0!J&# !"# $%&# 2./"$)!&:# $%($# ()&# 0&(:$# (40&# $.B(!"$(!"# $%&B5# R.# &S;0(!"# $%&:&# 1!FF&)&"2&:# !"# A).-$%# )($&:@A&.A)(;%&):#;.!"$#$.#)&A!."(0#1!FF&)&"2&:#!"#F&)$!0!$'#("1#B.)$(0E!$'#)($&:5
#$%&'('&)R%&#-.)01#B(;#.F#2)/1!)$%#)($&:#OP!A/)&#*E+,Q#B!)).):#$%&1!:$)!4/$!."# .F# 789:# O2.B;()&# -!$%# P!A/)&# *E=Q5# I:# -(:# $%&2(:&#-!$%#789:@# $%&# %!A%&:$#NV9:# ()&# !"# :/4ET(%()("#IF)!2(@
("1# $%&# 0.-&:$# ()&# !"# G/).;&5# K("':/4ET(%()("# IF)!2("# 2./"$)!&:# %(J&# (NV9#.J&)#3,@#-%&)&(:#B("'#G/).;&("2./"$)!&:#%(J&#(#NV9#4&0.-#+,5
R%&# -.)1# !"# $% !" !"# $%& '(")*& "+)%("1 !"# $%&$%+)*&"+)% B&(":#$%($#-&#()&2."2&)"&1# -!$%# :.2!&$'# (:# (# -%.0&)($%&)#$%("#(#)&F!"&1#0..<#($#;()$!2/0()!"1!J!1/(0:#.)#A)./;:5# 8"#2.BB/"!$!&:-!$%#("#/"/:/(00'#0()A&#"/B4&)#.F#;&.E;0&#.F#(#2&)$(!"#(A& :/2%#(:#(#2.00&A&$.-" -&# B('# :$/1'# :&;()($&# 4!)$%)($&:# F.)# -.B&"# .F# &(2%# (A&5# R%&:&"/B4&):# ()&# +,%-./%!(0(!& '(")*& "+)%.)($%&)#$%("#NV9:5
W&.A)(;%&):# (0:.#/:&# $%&# !"!#$% &'()!*$*!+ %(#!'%,-./0 $.#B&(:/)&#$%&#"/BE4&)#.F#4!)$%:#!"#(#:.2!&$'#OP!A/)&#*E++Q5R%&#RP9#!:#$%&#(J&)(A&#"/B4&)#.F#2%!0E1)&"#(#-.B("#-!00#%(J&#$%)./A%./$#%&)2%!014&()!"A# '&():# O)./A%0'# (A&:# +C$%)./A%# 3=Q5# R.# 2.B;/$&# $%&# RP9@1&B.A)(;%&):# (::/B&# $%($# (# -.B(")&(2%!"A# (#;()$!2/0()# (A&# !"# $%&# F/$/)&-!00#4&#X/:$#(:#0!<&0'#$.#%(J&#(#2%!01#(:()&#-.B&"#.F#$%($#(A&#$.1('5#R%/:@#$%&NV9#;).J!1&:#(#;!2$/)&#.F#(#:.2!&$'#(:#(-%.0&#!"#(#A!J&"#'&()@#-%&)&(:#$%&#RP9($$&B;$:#$.#;)&1!2$#$%&#F/$/)&%(J!.).F#!"1!J!1/(0#-.B&"#!"#(#-.)01#.F#)(;!12/0$/)(0#2%("A&5R%&#RP9#F.)#$%&#-.)01#(:#(#-%.0&#!:
*5>@#("1@#(A(!"@#$%&#F!A/)&:#J()'#4&$-&&"KMN:#("1#LMN:5#R%&#RP9#&S2&&1:#>5,!"# B("'# 2./"$)!&:# .F# :/4ET(%()("IF)!2(@# 2.B;()&1# $.# 0&::# $%("# +5=# !"B.:$#G/).;&("#2./"$)!&:5
*+%&,('&)R-.# /:&F/0# B&(:/)&:# .F# B.)$(0!$'# !"(11!$!."#$.#$%&#NM9#(0)&(1'#1&F!"&1#()&$%&# !"F("$# B.)$(0!$'# )($&# ("1# 0!F&
!"#$%#&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!$,!)$%#
'#(!)
%)-%!)&&&&&&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!"#$%#&'#(!)
!"!.%!)
/(! .!0&'+
.()1!,
#'"!,&&/(!
!
"#!!! $#!!!%&'()*+,+-.!
"#!!! $#!!!%*'(+.
/#!!!
/#!!!
*)0'1'+0%2))0+3.%4)*)().'5+%+678(98-+8%:-);+<,')5
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
'"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
("#
)"#
*"#
("#
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"# !"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
!"# ("# )"# *"# +"# '$"# '!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
&"#
%"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
'*"#'!"#'$"#'%"#'&"#''"#
'&"# '!"# '("# ')"#
&"#
'("#
'("#
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
,=>?@A%>B%<C?=@A>=D
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
8=AF@A%<@=AGE
+HICF>= +HICF>=
/J!%CDK%CL>ME
"J! "JN
!J! !JN
OEG>P%!
58,7-8(%'5<-+8.+
-8,+%Q!R
#-./012 345 !"#$%"&' ()*%+",+' %"#+' -!./01' 23+' )"#$%"&' ()*%+",+' %"#+' (,' #3+' 4+%*+)#"5+' 67 ' 83(*3' #3+
494$&"#(9)'9:'"'*9$)#%7 '5%98,'()'"'7 +"%1'23+'89%&;'"<+%"5+'(,'*$%%+)#&7 '"69$#'=1>'4+%*+)#1'23+'*9$)#%(+,'8(#3
#3+'3(53+,#')"#$%"&'()*%+",+'%"#+,'"%+'*9)*+)#%"#+;'()'?:%(*"'");'@9$#38+,#'?,("1
!"#$%#&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!$,!)$%#
'#(!)
%)-%!)&&&&&&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!"#$%#&'#(!)
!"!.%!)
/(! .!0&'+
.()1!,
#'"!,&&/(!
!
"#!!! $#!!!%&'()*+,+-.!
"#!!! $#!!!%*'(+.
/#!!!
/#!!!
*)0'1'+0%2))0+3.%4)*)().'5+%+678(98-+8%:-);+<,')5
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
'"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
("#
)"#
*"#
("#
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"# !"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
!"# ("# )"# *"# +"# '$"# '!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
&"#
%"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
'*"#'!"#'$"#'%"#'&"#''"#
'&"# '!"# '("# ')"#
&"#
'("#
'("#
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
,=>?@A%>B%<C?=@A>=D
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
8=AF@A%<@=AGE
+HICF>= +HICF>=
$S%CDK%CL>ME
/! $T
"S "N
OEG>P%"!
<-70+%O'-,4%-8,+Q:+-%"#!!!%:+-.)5.R
#-./0123467 A%$;+'6(%#3'%"#+'-AB/01'23+'*%$;+'6(%#3'%"#+'(,'#3+'#9#"&')$C6+%'9:'&(<+'6(%#3,'()'"'7 +"%':9%
+<+%7 '=DEEE'4+94&+'"&(<+'()'#3+',9*(+#7 1'23+'5&96"&';(,#%(6$#(9)'9:'*%$;+'6(%#3'%"#+,'4"%"&&+&,'#3"#'9:')"#$%"&
()*%+",+'%"#+,1
RUBENSTEIN, J. (2011). The cultural Landscape : in introduc3on to human geography. Person Educa3on, Inc. P.54
Taux de croissance de la pop. mondiale
h7p://www.census.gov/popula3on/interna3onal/data/idb/images/worldgr.png h7p://www.census.gov/popula3on/interna3onal/data/idb/images/worldgr.png
h7p://www.census.gov/popula3on/interna3onal/data/idb/images/worldgr.png
h[p://www.census.gov/popula3on/interna3onal/data/idb/images/worldgr.png
Indice de fécondité
• Nbre moyen d’enfants qu’une femme en âge de procréer (15-‐49) a dans sa vie
• Min. 2.1 enfants/femme pour assurer le renouvellement de la pop.
Hans Rosling (13’)
L’indice de fécondité diminue si:
1. Les enfants survivent
2. Les enfants ne doivent plus servir de main-‐d’œuvre. 3. Les femmes ont accès à l’éduca3on et au travail 4. Il y a un planning familial accessible
Etude de cas: La Chine et la poli3que de l’enfant unique
• h[p://www.wideo.fr/video/iLyROoafIH2K.html 22’
• Deux poli3ques majeures de contrôle des naissances – Mariage tardif (1970) – Poli3que de l’enfant unique (1979, assouplie en 2013) • Volonté économique de Deng Xiaoping à améliorer le niveau de vie des Chinois
Taux de mortalité • Nbre de personnes décédées pendant une année pour 1000/hab.
Taux de mortalité infan3le
!"#$%&'()* +,$- .#%/,0 !!
!"#!$%&'$()* +,!* !"#$"%& '()%$*!%+ & )$%,-./01 -.*%,!*&''/&0*'/12!3*45*6!&%,.*45-'5&'%.* /'6!3* 7* (!&3* 45* &8!9* $41#&3!6:-%,* %4%&0* 0-;!* 2-3%,.* <=-8/3!* >?7>@)* A.:&.*%,!*$&.!*:-%,*%,!*BCD*&'6*BED9*%,!FGD*-.*/./&00(*!"#3!..!6*&.*%,!*'/12!345*6!&%,.*&14'8*-'5&'%.*#!3*79HHH*2-3%,.3&%,!3*%,&'*&.*&*#!3$!'%&8!*<#!3*7HH@)
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
2!#,&,34,5%$"5+ &%*2-3%,*1!&./3!.*%,!&;!3&8!* '/12!3* 45* (!&3.* &* '!:243'-'5&'%*$&'*!"#!$%*%4*0-;!*&%*$/33!'%*143?%&0-%(* 0!;!0.* <=-8/3!* >?7O@)* I-P!* !;!3(4%,!3* 143%&0-%(* &'6* 5!3%-0-%(* 3&%!* 6-.?$/..!6* %,/.* 5&39* 0-5!* !"#!$%&'$(* -.*14.%5&;43&20!* -'* %,!* :!&0%,(* $4/'%3-!.* 45M!.%!3'* K/34#!* &'6* 0!&.%* 5&;43&20!* -'%,!* #443* $4/'%3-!.* 45* ./2?J&,&3&'* A53-$&)* C&2-!.* 243'* %46&($&'*!"#!$%*%4*0-;!*%4*&34/'6*QH*-'*M!.%!3'*K/34#!*2/%*4'0(*%4&34/'6*LH*-'*./2?J&,&3&'*A53-$&)
R&%/3&0*-'$3!&.!9*$3/6!*2-3%,9*%4%&0*5!3%-0-%(9*-'5&'%*143%&0-%(90-5!* !"#!$%&'$( %,!* 6!.$3-#%-4'.* ,&;!* 2!$41!* 3!#!%-%-4/.2!$&/.!*%,!-3*6-.%3-2/%-4'.*54004:*.-1-0&3*#&%%!3'.)*GEB.*,&;!04:!3*3&%!.*45*'&%/3&0* -'$3!&.!9*$3/6!*2-3%,9* %4%&0* 5!3%-0-%(9*&'6-'5&'%*143%&0-%(9*&'6*,-8,!3*&;!3&8!*0-5!*!"#!$%&'$()*S-8,!3*'&%?/3&0* -'$3!&.!9* $3/6!* 2-3%,9* %4%&0* 5!3%-0-%(* 3&%!.9* &'6* FGD.* &'604:!3*&;!3&8!*0-5!*!"#!$%&'$(*&3!*54/'6*-'*IEB.)
+,!* 5-'&0* :4306* 1&#* 45* 6!1483&#,-$* ;&3-&20!. BED64!.*'4%*54004:*%,!*5&1-0-&3*#&%%!3'*<=-8/3!*>?7T@)*+,!*$41?2-'!6*BED*543*&00*IEB.*-.*&$%/&00(*04:!3*%,&'*%,!*$412-'!63&%!* 543* &00* GEB.)* =/3%,!3143!9* %,!* ;&3-&%-4'* 2!%:!!'* %,!
:4306.* ,-8,!.%* &'6* 04:!.%*BED.* -.*1/$,* 0!..* !"%3!1!* %,&'%,!*;&3-&%-4'*-'*BCD.)*+,!*,-8,!.%*BED*-'*%,!*:4306*-.*>O*#!379HHH9*&'6*%,!*04:!.%*-.*7 &*6-55!3!'$!*45*>> :,!3!&.*BCD.543*-'6-;-6/&0*$4/'%3-!.*3&'8!*5341*U*#!3*79HHH*%4*LO9*&*.#3!&645*TV)
M,(*64!.*E!'1&3P9* 4'!*45* %,!*:4306.*:!&0%,-!.%* $4/'?%3-!.9*,&;!*&*,-8,!3*BED*%,&'*B&#!*W!36!9*4'!*45*%,!*#443?!.%X*M,(*64!.*%,!*N'-%!6*J%&%!.9*:-%,*-%.*!"%!'.-;!*.(.%!1*45,4.#-%&0.* &'6* #,(.-$-&'.9* ,&;!* &* ,-8,!3* BED* %,&'*G!"-$4&'6* '!&30(* !;!3(* $4/'%3(* -'* I&%-'* A1!3-$&X* +,!* &'.:!3* -.%,&%* %,!* #4#/0&%-4'.* 45* 6-55!3!'%* $4/'%3-!.* &3!* &%* ;&3-4/..%&8!.* -'* &'* -1#43%&'%* #34$!..* P'4:'* &.* %,!* 6!1483&#,-$%3&'.-%-4'9*/#4'*:,-$,*:!*54$/.*-'*%,!*%,-36*P!(*-../!*45*%,-.$,&#%!3)
!"#$%#&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!$,!)$%#
'#(!)
%)-%!)&&&&&&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!"#$%#&'#(!)
!"!.%!)
/(! .!0&'+
.()1!,
#'"!,&&/(!
!
"#!!! $#!!!%&'()*+,+-.!
"#!!! $#!!!%*'(+.
/#!!!
/#!!!
*)0'1'+0%2))0+3.%4)*)().'5+%+678(98-+8%:-);+<,')5
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
'"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
("#
)"#
*"#
("#
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"# !"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
!"# ("# )"# *"# +"# '$"# '!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
&"#
%"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
'*"#'!"#'$"#'%"#'&"#''"#
'&"# '!"# '("# ')"#
&"#
'("#
'("#
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
,=>?@A%>B%<C?=@A>=D
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
8=AF@A%<@=AGE
+HICF>= +HICF>=
JK!%CDL%CM>NE
$K! $KO
/K! /KO
PEG>Q%/K!
,),8(%R)-(01+-,'(',S%-8,+
"#$%&'()*++ !"#$%& '()#*%*#+ & )$#(& ,!-./0&!"#$%& '()#*%*#+ & )$#(& *1& #2(&3456()&"'& 72*%8)(3&$&9"5$3&9*%%&2$:(
#2)"4;2"4#&2()&72*%86($)*3;& + ($)10&<;$*3=& #2(&2*;2(1#&)$#(1&$)(& *3&146>?$2$)$3&<')*7$&$38(&@*88%(&A$1#=
92()($1(&%"9(1#&$)(&*3&A4)"B(0
!"#$%#&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!$,!)$%#
'#(!)
%)-%!)&&&&&&'#(!)
*!#%+%#
'#(!)
!"#$%#&'#(!)
!"!.%!)
/(! .!0&'+
.()1!,
#'"!,&&/(!
!
"#!!! $#!!!%&'()*+,+-.!
"#!!! $#!!!%*'(+.
/#!!!
/#!!!
*)0'1'+0%2))0+3.%4)*)().'5+%+678(98-+8%:-);+<,')5
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
'"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
("#
)"#
*"#
("#
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"# !"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
!"# ("# )"# *"# +"# '$"# '!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
'"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
!"#
&"#
%"#
&"#
%"#
$"#
'*"#'!"#'$"#'%"#'&"#''"#
'&"# '!"# '("# ')"#
&"#
'("#
'("#
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
,=>?@A%>B%<C?=@A>=D
,=>?@A%>B%<CDAE=
8=AF@A%<@=AGE
+HICF>= +HICF>=
!!%CDL%CM>NE
/! TO
! "O
PEG>Q%!
'5185,%*)-,8(',S%-8,+U:+-%"#!!!%('V+%P'-,4.W
"#$%&'()*+) C3'$3#&5")#$%*#+ & )$#(& ,C@./0& !2(& *3'$3#&5")#$%*#+ & )$#(& *1& #2(& 3456()& "'& 8($#21& "'& *3'$3#1
438()&$;(&D&B()&D=EEE& %*:(&6*)#21& *3&$& + ($)0&A4)"B($3&$38&F")#2&<5()*7$3&7"43#)*(1&;(3()$%%+ &2$:(& *3'$3#
5")#$%*#+ &)$#(1&"'&438()&DE&B()&D=EEE=&92()($1&)$#(1&"'&5")($3&DEE&B()&D=EEE&$)(&7"55"3&*3&<')*7$
RUBENSTEIN, J. (2011). The cultural Landscape : in introduc3on to human geography. Person Educa3on, Inc. P.55
Espérance de vie • L’âge moyen qu’un nouveau-‐né peut espérer vivre en
fonc3on de son année de naissance
Rank Territory Value191 Angola 40.1
192 Central African Republic 39.8
193 Rwanda 38.9
194 Mozambique 38.5
195 Malawi 37.8
196 Lesotho 36.3
197 Swaziland 35.7
198 Sierra Leone 34.3
199 Zimbabwe 33.9
200 Zambia 32.7
LONGEST AND SHORTEST LIFE EXPECTANCY
Technical notes
© Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
projected life expectancy at birth in years, for children born in 2002
Rank Territory Value1 Japan 81.5
2 Monaco 81.2
3 San Marino 80.6
4 Andorra 80.3
5 Sweden 80.0
6 Hong Kong (China) 79.9
7 Iceland 79.7
8 Canada 79.3
9 Spain 79.2
10 Australia 79.1
Land area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Japa
n
Wes
tern
Eur
ope
North
Am
erica
East
ern
Euro
pe
Sout
h Am
erica
East
ern
Asia
Mid
dle
East
Asia
Pac
ific
Sout
hern
Asia
North
ern
Afric
aSout
heas
tern
Afri
ca
Cent
ral A
frica
Life Expectancy
www.worldmapper.org
Produced by the SASI group (Sheffield) and Mark Newman (Michigan)
“The adult mortality rate [in Zambia] has increased in the last decade ... an adult has lost about 11 years ofsurvival due to the AIDS problem ...”
This map shows the total years of lifeexpected to be lived by the currentpopulation, based on the lifeexpectancy of children born in 2002.Life expectancy is calculated on theassumption that prevailing trends willcontinue. It is usually different formen and women. As you get olderyour whole life expectancy increasesfrom that at your birth because youhave survived so far.
The longest life expectancy at birth isin Japan, at 81 years 6 months. Theshortest life expectancy is in Zambia,at 32 years 8 months. The worldaverage life expectancy is 67 years.
• Data are from the United Nations Development
Programme’s 2004 Human Development Report.
• See website for further information.
Territory size shows the proportion of all the yearsexpected to be lived by the current populations basedon the projected life expectancies at birth of those bornthere in 2002.
Map 255
Buleti Nsemukila, 2003
LIFE EXPECTANCY
life
expe
ctan
cy in
yea
rs, o
f tho
se b
orn
in 2
002
Rank Territory Value191 Angola 40.1
192 Central African Republic 39.8
193 Rwanda 38.9
194 Mozambique 38.5
195 Malawi 37.8
196 Lesotho 36.3
197 Swaziland 35.7
198 Sierra Leone 34.3
199 Zimbabwe 33.9
200 Zambia 32.7
LONGEST AND SHORTEST LIFE EXPECTANCY
Technical notes
© Copyright 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan)
projected life expectancy at birth in years, for children born in 2002
Rank Territory Value1 Japan 81.5
2 Monaco 81.2
3 San Marino 80.6
4 Andorra 80.3
5 Sweden 80.0
6 Hong Kong (China) 79.9
7 Iceland 79.7
8 Canada 79.3
9 Spain 79.2
10 Australia 79.1
Land area
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Japa
n
Wes
tern
Eur
ope
North
Am
erica
East
ern
Euro
pe
Sout
h Am
erica
East
ern
Asia
Mid
dle
East
Asia
Pac
ific
Sout
hern
Asia
North
ern
Afric
aSout
heas
tern
Afri
ca
Cent
ral A
frica
Life Expectancy
www.worldmapper.org
Produced by the SASI group (Sheffield) and Mark Newman (Michigan)
“The adult mortality rate [in Zambia] has increased in the last decade ... an adult has lost about 11 years ofsurvival due to the AIDS problem ...”
This map shows the total years of lifeexpected to be lived by the currentpopulation, based on the lifeexpectancy of children born in 2002.Life expectancy is calculated on theassumption that prevailing trends willcontinue. It is usually different formen and women. As you get olderyour whole life expectancy increasesfrom that at your birth because youhave survived so far.
The longest life expectancy at birth isin Japan, at 81 years 6 months. Theshortest life expectancy is in Zambia,at 32 years 8 months. The worldaverage life expectancy is 67 years.
• Data are from the United Nations Development
Programme’s 2004 Human Development Report.
• See website for further information.
Territory size shows the proportion of all the yearsexpected to be lived by the current populations basedon the projected life expectancies at birth of those bornthere in 2002.
Map 255
Buleti Nsemukila, 2003
LIFE EXPECTANCY
life
expe
ctan
cy in
yea
rs, o
f tho
se b
orn
in 2
002
h[p://www.worldmapper.org/
Conclusion des différences régionales • Le monde développé
– USA, Canada, Europe de l’Ouest, Japon, Australie – Croissance de pop. faible à déclin – Pays de l’Est: taux de croissance néga3f
• Le monde en développement – La majeur par3e de la pop. mondiale (Chine, Inde, Asie) – Grandes différences entre ces pays
• Chine : croissance de 0.5% • Inde: croissance de 1.5%
• Le monde peu développé (3ers-‐monde) – 48 pays (Afrique Subsaharienne): vulnérabilité économique – Taux de croissance extrêmement haut