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    Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass

    The mole and the number of particles

    The mole and the mass of substances

    The mole and the volume of gas

    Chemical formulae

    Chemical equations

    Chapter 3

    Chemical formulae andEquations

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    Relative atomic mass, Ar

    Relative atomic mass is the average

    mass of one atom of the element

    when compared with 1/12 of the massof an atom of carbon-12.

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    Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass

    Example 1Calculate how many times greater is the mass of acarbon atom compared to that of an helium atom ?

    [Ar : He, 4 ; C, 12]

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    Example 2

    Mass of a sulphur atom is 2 times greater than that of the

    mass of an oxygen atom. What is the relative atomic

    mass for sulphur? [ AR : O,16]

    Solution:

    Mass of a sulphur atom = 2 x mass of an oxygen atom

    ARsulphur = 2 x ARoxygen

    = 2 x 16

    = 32

    Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass

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    Example 3

    How many magnesium atoms will have the same massas two silver atom?

    [AR : Mg,24 ; Ag,108 ]

    Solution:

    Let the number of magnesium atom = n

    Mass of n magnesium atom = mass of 2 silver atomsn x 24 = 2 x 108

    n = 2 x 108

    24

    = 9

    Calculation ofRelative atomic Mass

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    Relative Molecular Mass (Mr )

    The relative molecular mass of a substance is the

    average mass of a molecule of the substance

    when compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atomof carbon-12

    12carbonofatomanofmassthe12

    1substanceofmoleculeone

    ofmassaverage

    Mr

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    Calculation of Mr and F r

    The term relative molecular mass, Mr can onlybe used for substances that are made up ofmolecules.

    For ionic compound, the term relative formulamass, Fr is used

    Mror Frcan be calculated by adding up therelative atomic masses of all the atoms present ina molecule of the substance.

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    Calculation of Mr or F r

    Example 1:

    Calculate the molecular mass of water.

    [ AR : H,1 ; O, 16]

    Solution:

    The formula of water is H2O

    Mr H2O = 2H + O

    = 2(1) + 16

    = 18

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    Example 2:

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of ammonia.

    [ AR: N,14 ; H,1 ]Solution:

    Formula of ammonia is NH3

    Mr of NH3 = N + 3H= 14 + 3(1)

    = 17

    Calculation of Mr or F r

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    Example 3:

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of carbondioxide.

    [AR : C, 12 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:

    The formula of carbon dioxide is CO2Mr CO2 = C + 2O

    = 12 + 2(16)

    = 44

    Calculation of Mr or Fr

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    Example 4:

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of ethanol,C2H5OH.

    [ AR: C, 12; H, 1; O,16 ]

    Solution:

    Mr of C2H5OH = 2C + 5H + O + H

    = 2(12) + 5(1) + 16 + 1

    = 46

    Calculation of Mr or Fr

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    Calculation of Mr or Fr

    Example 5:

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of sodiumchloride

    [ AR : Na,23 ; Cl,35.5 ]

    Solution:The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl

    AR of NaCl = Na + Cl

    = 23 + 35.5

    = 58.5

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    Calculation of Mr or Fr

    Example 6

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of aluminiumsulphate.

    [ AR : Al,27 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:

    The formula of aluminium sulphate ialahAl2(SO4)3

    Mr of Al2(SO4)3 = 2 Al + 3 SO4= 2(27) + 3[ 32 + 4(16) ]

    = 342

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    Calculation of Mr or Fr

    Example 7:

    Calculate the relative molecular mass of hydratedcopper(II)sulphate.

    [ AR : Cu,64 ; S, 32 ; O,16 ]

    Solution:

    The formula of hydrated copper (II) sulphate isCuSO4.5H2O

    Fr of CuSO4. 5H2O = Cu + S + 4O + 5H2O

    = 64 + 32 + 4(16) + 5[2(1) +16]

    = 250


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