Contents

Introduction

• Working•Steps of

creating

Block diagram

• Different

methods

• Applications

Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Conclusion

Micro Controller(Arduino Mega 2560)

Motor Driver(L293D)

Stepper Motor

Extruder

Printing Material

• ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

• PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Arduino Mega 2560

54 digital input/output pins (15 are used as PWM outputs)

16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports)

16MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an

ICSP header, and a reset button.

Can be connected to a computer with USB Cable/power with

AC-DC Adapter or battery to get started.

Power

• Via USB Connection/External Power Supply

• External power is an AC-DC adapter(Wall-wart) or battery

• Operate at 6-20V

Power Pins

• VIN:Input voltage to the Arduino board when using external power source.

• 5V:Outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on board

• 3V3:A 3.3V supply generated by on board regulator.Max current draw is 50mA

• GND:Ground pins

• IOREF:Provides voltage reference with which micro controller works

Memory

• 256kB Falsh memory(8kb for boot loader)

• 8kb of SRAM & 4kb of EEPROM

Input & Output

• 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an i/p / o/p, using pinmode(), digitalWrite() &

digitalRead() functions

• They operate at 5V.Each pin provide/receive a maximum of 40mA & pull-up resistor of 20-

50kohms

Communication

• ATMega provides 4 Hardware UARTS for TTL(5V) serial communication

• A software serial library allows for serial communication

• Also supports TWI & SPI communications

• Includes a wire library to simplify use of the TWI bus

Quadruple high-current half-H drivers.L293D motor driver is

shown in the figure.

It is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to

600mA at voltages from 4.5 V to 36 V.

These are designed to drive inductive loads such as relays,

solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors, as well as other high-

current/ high voltage loads in positive-supply applications.

Motor Driver (L293D)

Electromechanical devices which generates discrete displacement

(motion) in response to DC-Electrical signals.

UniPolar Stepper Motor

• Contains 2 windings per phase.

• Direction is controlled by changing the direction of current flow.

• Easy to shift direction of rotation by switching the teriminals.

Bipolar Stepper Motor

• Contains single winding per phase

• Current flow through the windings is reversed dynamically for reversing motor rotation.

• Requires complex circuit

EXTRUDER Responsible for raw material melting & forming it into a continuous

profile.

Works on the same principle of Injection molding machines.

Extrusion is a simple concept,but the design & application is a

complex field.

A dedicated extrusion machine must mix,homogenize & melt the

material.

Higher back pressures will be generated

PRINTING MATERIALS

ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

• Cheapest material,very durable,strong,flexible & resistant to heat.

• Temperature:210-250C

• ABS Glue. Easily dissolved in acetane.

• Available in white,black,red,blue,yellow & green colors

PLA(Poly Lactic Acid)

• Biodegradable thermoplastic.

• Tough, little brittle

• 160-220C (Cant stand too much heat).

• Quite slow to cool.

• CNC based tooling language

• Each line conveys one type of machine

movement

• Describe movements that will make a part

• Including dimensions such as extrusion

width, speed etc.,

G-Code

Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)

• Uses high power laser (e.g. Carbon dioxide

Laser)

• Fuses small particles of plastic,

metal(DMLS),ceramic/glass powder

Stereo

Lithography(STL)

• Use a vat of liquid Resin

• UV-Laser to build parts a layer at a time

• CAD is used to create STL files

• STL file format-Uses many little triangles to make a 3D plot of objects

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

• Commonly used for modelling,

prototyping & production

applications

☺ RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3-D design gives the designers ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D

models/prototypes.

☺ Clean Process: Wastage of material is negligible.

☺ Complex Shape can be produced.

☺ EASY TO USE: No skilled person is needed.

☺ REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY.

☺ CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.

☺ People in remote locations can fabricate objects that would otherwise be inaccessible to them.

advantages

disadvantages

☹ Process is slow.

☹ Components do not have enough strength.

☹ COST OF RAW MATERIALS.

☹ 3-D Printers are still expensive.

☹Misuse of technology

☹Although 3D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and opportunities,

they might also put certain jobs at risk.

☯ With todays 3D printers, if you loose your TV remote’s battery cover you can create a

replacement battery cover. With tomorrow’s if you loos your remote you will be able to

create a new remote.

☯ 3D printers are always getting cheaper & better.

☯ There is currently research going on to create 3D printers that could print out organs for

people in need of a transplant.

☯Within a decade,3D printers will become common place in house.

The benefits of such Technology are endless

COnclusion