Student: Marc Diviu Franco

Tutors: P. Cabello, M. López

Reservoir Geology and Geophysics master

Year 2013-14

Index1. Introduction

• Aims

• Geological setting

2. Workflow• Stratigraphic framework

• Fault Modelling

• Pillar Gridding

• Make Horizons

• Layering

• 3D facies Modeling

3. Results

4. Discussion

5. Conclusions

6. References

1.- Introduction

“3D models of subsurface heterogeneity have

proved to be important tools for the efficient

management of hydrocarbon reservoirs and

aquifers” (Matheron et al. 1987; Gundeso & Egeland 1990; Stanley et al.

1990; Weber & van Geuns 1990; Bryant & Flint 1993; Krum & Johnson 1993;

Deutsch & Hewett 1996; Drubrule & Damsleth 2001; Falivene et al. 2007; Jackson

et al. 2009; Sech et al. 2009; Cabello et al. 2011).

1-. Introduction 1.1. Aims

• Develop a realistic facies model

Data source: 8 Geological maps at scale 1:10000 (López-Blanco &

Piña (1992/93) , key sequential traces, Digital Elevation Models &

Orthophotomaps 1:5000 Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya

• Improve the knowledge about the depositional framework of

deltaic pattern that can be related with the subsurface geology.

Modelling of geological frameworks is quite important to improve the

capacity of recover the sources placed in the underground.

Personal Expectations

Learn more about the modelization workflow acquiring the skills involved

in this process.

• Location

López Blanco M. (2012)

NE Spain, South-Eastern part

of Ebro basin

1.- Introduction1.2. Geological Setting

• Characterization

Average of sediment

thickness about 1000 m

Areal extension

SLM: 350/450 km2

Monts: 100/150 km2

1-. Geological Setting

• Facies belts

López Blanco M., (2006)

Cyclic stacking pattern (Agradational, Progradational or

Retrogradational)

Hyerarchical Sequential subdivision: 3 Orders of magnitude

• Milany composite megasequence

• Composite sequences 10__ >100 m thick

• Fundamental Sequences 1__>10 m thick

Study Area

Gomez Packard et al., (2012)

1-. Geological Setting

2-. MethodologyWorkflow

Stratigraphic Framework Fault Modelling Pillar Gridding

Make horizons Layering Facies modelling

2.1. Stratigraphic framework

2-. Methodology

- Georeferencing

2-. Methodology

2.1. Stratigraphic framework

- Addition and analysis of altitudes. DTM at scale of 1:5000

2-. Methodology

2.1. Stratigraphic framework

- Data Treatment

2-. Methodology

2.1. Stratigraphic framework

- Contour Maps

Elevation Control points

2.1. Stratigraphic framework

2-. Methodology

2-. Methodology

2.2. Fault Modelling

- Vertical Faults

Plan view3D view

2.2. Fault Modelling

Basement thrusts

“Els brucs thrust sheet” SW 18º towards the south

“Les Pedritxes” SE 12º towards the South East

2-. Methodology

Hanging wall Surfaces

Footwall Surfaces

“Els brucs”

“Les pedritxes”

2-. Methodology

2.3. Pilar Gridding

SEGMENT 1

SEGMENT 2

3D view

2D view

2.4. Make Horizons

2-. Methodology

2.5. Layering

2-. Methodology

TSS: 40 layers

RSS: 60 layers

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

• Geostatistical algorithm based on the truncation of the sum of a deterministic

expectation trend and a gaussian random field (TTG): Distribution terrigenous

facies belts. 2 different parts:

The linear expectation trend: Character of sequence sets

The gausian random field: interingering between adjacent facies belts

• Object Based Method (OBM): Carbonate Platforms

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

FM. Terrigenous

FM. Terrigenous Sep.

FM. DDF+PPD

FM. CarbonatePlatforms

Final Model

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

FM. Terrigenous

FM. Terrigenous Sep.

FM. DDF+PDD

FM. CarbonatePlatforms

Final Model

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

FM. Terrigenous

FM. Terrigenous Sep.

FM. DDF+PPD

FM. CarbonatePlatforms

Final Model

2.7. Facies Modelling

2-. Methodology

• Paleogeographic Maps

• 3D facies Model (10 realizations)

• 4 Stratigraphic Thickness Maps

• Proportions and volume of facies belts (average of realizations)

• Cross Sections

• Model and probability maps (average of realizations)

3-. Results and Discussion

• Paleogeographic Maps

3-. Results and Discussion

Prox_Dist_AF_TOP

Prox_Dist_AF_BASE

CLine_TOP

CLine_BASE

DF_Off_TOP

DF_Off_BASE

3-. Results and Discussion

• 3D facies Model (10 realizations)

3-. Results

3-. Results and Discussion

3-. Results and Discussion

Riera de Santa Maria Cross section

López-Blanco (1996)

3-. Results and Discussion

• Model

• Carbonatic Platforms

• Probability maps

• Compartmentalization

Probability models and maps

3-. Results and Discussion

4-. Conclussion

• Workflow applied is a good approximation to the reality

• The treatment of the final model have provided indications

about the place where the DF concentration is maximum

• Scale of work linked to the exploration one

• HC could be trapped at the dead-ends in the depositional pinch-

outs of the fan-delta front wedges. (Cabello, P., López-Blanco, M., Howell,

J., Arbués, P., Ramos, E. 2009)

• Model suitable to be analogue of similar subsurface geological

bodies

Further Work

5-. References

[1] Cabello, P., Falivene, O., López-Blanco, M., Howell, John A., Arbués, P., Ramons, E. (2011). An

outcrop-based comparison of facies modelling strategies in fan-delta reservoir analogues from the

Eocene Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta (NE Spain). Pet. Geocience, Vol. 17, pp. 65-90.

[2] Cabello, P., López-Blanco, M., Howell, J., Arbués, P., Ramos, E. (2009). Modelling facies belt

distribution in fan deltas coupling sequence stratigraphy and geostatics: The Eocene Sant Llorenç del

Munt example (Ebro foreland basin, NE Spain). Elsevier ltd. Marine and petroleum Geology.

[3] Dubrule, O. & Damsleth, E. 2001. Achievements and challenges in petroleum geostatistics.

Petroleum Geocience, 7, S1-7.

Deutsch, C.V. 1999. Reservoir modelling with publicly available software Computers & Geociences, 24,

69-76.

[4] Falivene O., Arbués, P., Howell, J., Muñoz, J.A., Fernandez, O. & Marzo, M. 2006, Hierarchical

geocellular facies modelling of a turbidite reservoir analogue from the Eocene of the Ainsa Basin, NE

Spain. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23, 679-701.

[5] Gómez-Paccard, M., López-Blanco, M. et al. (2012). Tectonic and climatic controls on the sequential

arrangement of an alluvial fan/fan-delta complex(Montserrat,Eocene,Ebro Basin,NESpain). Basin

Research 24, 437-455. Pg. 3.

[6] Gundeso, R. & Egeland, O. 1990. SESIMIRA: a new geological tool for 3D modelling of

heterogenous reservoirs. In: Buller, A.T., Berg, E., Hjelmeland, O., Kleppe, J., Torsaeter, O. &

Aasen, J.O (eds) North Sea oil and Gas Reservoirs II.The Norwegian Institute of Technology,

Graham & Trotman, London, 363-371.

[7] Jackson, M.D., Hampson, G.J. & Sech, R.P. 2009. Three-dimensional modelling of a

shoreface-shelf parasequence reservoir analog: Part 2. Geologic controls on fluid flow and

hydrocarbon recovery. American Association of Ppetroleum Geologists Bulletin, 93, 1183-1208.

[8] López-Blanco, M. (2006). Stratigraphic and tectonosedimentary development of the Eocene

Sant Llorenç del Munt and Montserrat fan-delta complexes (Southeast Ebro basin margin,

Northeast Spain). CONTRIBUTIONS to SCIENCE, 3(2): 125-148. Pg. 134

[9] López-Blanco, M. (1993). Stratigraphy and sedimentary development of the Sant Llorenç

del Munt fan-delta complex (Eocene, southern Pyrenean foreland basin, norheast Spain). Int.

Ass. Sediment, 20,67-88.

[10] Matheron, G., Beucher, H., de Fouquet, H., Galli, A., Gerillot, D. & Ravenne, C. 1987.

Conditional simulation of the geometry of fluviodeltaic reservoirs. Paper SPE 16753, presented

at the 62nd Annual SPE Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 27-30 September, 591-599.

Stanley, K.O., Jorde, K., Raestad, N. & Stockbridge, C.P. 1990. Stochastic modelling of

reservoir sandbodies for input to reservoir simulation, Snorre field , northern North Sea,

Norway. In: Buller, A.T., Berg, E., Hjelmeland, O., Kleppe, J, Torsaeter, O. & Aasen, J.O. (eds)

North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs II. The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Graham &

Trotman, London, 91-103.

5-. References

[11] Sech, R.P., Jackson, M.D. & Hampson, G.J. 2009. Three-dimensional modelling of a shoreface-

shelf parasequence reservoir analog: Part 1. Surface-based modelling to capture high-resolution

facies architecture. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 93, 1155-1181.

[12] Travé A. (1988). Estratigrafia i Sedimentologia dels dipòsits deltaics de l’eocè mitjà-superior al

sector de Manresa. Universitat de Barcelona Phd thesis, pp. 85.

Valles J.C. (1985). Facies y evolución del complejo de abanico deltaico de Montserrat en la

transversal del rio Llobregat (Eoceno, Provincia de Barcelona). Phd thesis, pp. 66

5-. References