3d woven profile structure
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
•The 3D weaving technology is used for the production of only specially industrial fabrics. Keeping high level of security in mind for protective clothing, 3D fabric play important role.
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A single-fabric system, the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually perpendicular plane relationship
3-D Woven Construction
X
Y
Z
Drawbacks of 2D Construction
• Anisotropic
• Poor in-plane shear resistance
• Less modulus than the fiber material due to presence of crimp
3D Structure
Yarns are arranged perpendicular to each other in X, Y and Z directions No interlacing or crimp exists between yarn
Thickness can be increased
High Fibre Volume Fraction
Classification of 3D Structures
I) Based on type of 3D Structures
3D Solid:
3D Hollow:Flat surfaceUneven surface
3D Shell:By weave
combinationBy differential
take-upBy moulding
3D Nodal
II) Based on type of mechanism
3D Woven 3D Knitted 3D Nonwoven 3D Jacquard
design Braided
structureIII) Based on type of weaving process
2D weaving – 3D fabrics
3D weaving – 3D fabrics
NOOBING
OrthogonalWarp InterlockAngle Interlock
3D Solid structure
Orthogonal
It is characterized by straight yarns in warp, weft and thickness directions
This structure can provide a greater volume fraction than Warp interlock structures
3D Solid Structure
It is a multilayer fabric
Used for flat panel reinforcement
Normally woven on a shuttle loom
Warp Interlock
3D Solid structure
Structures are distinguished by the
individual layers
Each layer may be of different weave
Stitching of layers
Structure ranges from 2 to 4 layers
Angle Interlock
3D profiled Structure
Profiled textile preforms are like beams Common shapes include I, L, T, U, H, π These beams have at least one web (vertical part) and one flange
(horizontal part) Profiled preforms are 3D fabrics as they satisfy the definition :
“A single fabric system the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in three mutually perpendicular plane relationship”
Profiled structures
Image courtesy : Khokar, N Developing a Family of Generic Profiled 3D Textile Pre-forms for Modular Construction
Enlarged profiled structuresPi-profile L-profile
U-profile T-profile
‘T’ Profile
Warp arrangement for ‘T’ formation in the folded manner
Line sketch of ‘T’ joint with insert
Warp arrangement will be in folded form
In the case of ‘T’ profile, weft path cycle constitutes of 4 steps
Warp cross-section and Weft path for developing the ‘T’ profile
3D profile Manufactured on 2D Handloom
• Weave design plan for ‘T’ developed using warp cross-section• It serves as the input for the weaver to develop the profile.
‘T’ Profile Contd..
Weave design Sample woven on handloom
"Recent trends in textile technology and material science“ Technical university of Liberec., 21/06/2012
Architectural features of 3D preform
No Fillers/Noodles at web-flange junctionsNo stitching/pinning to suppress delaminationStrengthened corner- rounded corner of web-flange prevents stress
concentration, improve performanceSpace saving; Create compact structureno structural looseness and distortionEasy handling and matrix infusion
Overall Advantage of 3D Profiled
3D weaving process uniquely engineers;High resistance to delaminationHigh interconnectivity of through-thickness yarns at web-flange junctionHigh stability of web-flange junctionEfficient productionCost effective productionMost reliable web-flange junction
Application of profiled structures
Stiffeners Construction elements Integrated seamless machine components Working components Load bearing elements and their web-
flange junctions
Profiled structures in assembly
Image courtesy : Second-Generation Woven Profiled 3D Fabrics from 3D-Weaving
REFERENCES
Khokar N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiles for structural application. Tserpes KI, Cinquin Jacques, and Pantelakis sp., On the mechanical performance of Non-crimp fabric H-shaped adhesively bonded joints, LTSM
university Patras 26500, Greece. Dr. Islam, M. Amirul, 3D Woen Structures and overview of Manufacturing Technologies, 4 th world conference on 3D fabric, Germany,
12/10/2012. Tserpes, KI, Pantelakis, Sp and Kappatos, V., The effect of imperfect bonding on the pull-out behavior of non-crimp fabric Pi-shaped joints, Comput
Mater Sci 2009; doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.05.012. Crawford, J. A., Recent developments in multidirectional weaving, NASA Publication No. 2420, pp. 259-269 (1985). Llopart, P.L., Tserpes, K.I. and Labeas, G.N., Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of imperfect bonding on the strength of NCF
double-lap shear joints, Compos Struct 2009; 92: 1673–1682. Khokar, N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiled for structural application , Proceedings of the fourth world conference on 3D
fabrics, 2012. http://www.aero-mag.com/features/24/20117/942/ www.sigmatex.com http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Blade.aspx http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Casing.aspx http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/787-Dreamliner-Main-Landing-Gear-Brace.aspx US7712488 Unal, P. G. 3D Woven Fabrics, Namık Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey