3g network optimisation
DESCRIPTION
3G Network OptimisationTRANSCRIPT
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Mycom International Confidential 1
Design and Optimisation of 3G
Networks
Payam Taaghol
Managing Director of Mycom - EMEA
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Mycom International Confidential 2
PreliminaryNetwork Design
Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed NetworkDesign
PermittingProcurementContracting
Site Design &
Construction
EquipmentI&C
Pre-launchOptimisation
Performance Acceptance
Programme Management
Find Ideal Site Location
Find willing landlordObtain planning permitSign a rental agreement
Refine Site LocationsOrder transmission
Select subcontractorsSelect suppliers Order material
And manage delivery
Design siteConstruction
Rigging
Drive testingNetwork statistics
Meeting Key Performance Indicators
Install all equipmentConnect to networkConfigure and test
PreliminaryNetwork Design
Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed NetworkDesign
PermittingProcurementContracting
Site Design &
Construction
EquipmentI&C
Pre-launchOptimisation
Performance Acceptance
Programme ManagementBusiness Objectives and High Level Design
EndEnd--toto--End Network DeploymentEnd Network Deployment
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Mycom International Confidential 3
StepStep--1, Business Requirements and HLD1, Business Requirements and HLD
Expected Services and Data Rates Demand Models Mobility Models Traffic Models Staged Rollout Plan
Theory We do not really know what services We do not know the demand We do know exactly know 3g user
distribution We need coverage in big cities Why not go 384kbps and assume 60%
loading? How many sites? How much? Too expensive, so lets go for 64kbps How many sites? How much? OK this is better, but our competition
may go for 384kbps, why not 384kbps for?
How many sites? How much? central business districts? OK lets go!
Practice
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Mycom International Confidential 4
UMTS Network Planning for a Particular or a Mixed Bearer rate
Coverage Capacity
Uplink, LinkBudgets
B / A
C > D No Capacity LimitedCoverage Limited Yes
HW Capacity
Erlangs/Site orSector
A
C D
No of Required Sites/Sectorsfor Coverage
No of Required Sites/Sectorsfor Capacity
Cell Radius
B
Traffic Prediction
Total Req. Er.
Mixed ServiceTraffic Model
InterferenceMargin
CapacityEnhancement
Options
Prop
rieta
ry
Spreadsheet Analysis
StepStep--1, Business Requirements and HLD1, Business Requirements and HLD
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Mycom International Confidential 5
Lower uplink rates
9 Dimensioning for 12.2kbps, 144 kbps or 384kbps? 9 The true demand for high data rate uplink access is not know9 Variable rate coverage is reality9 Multirate applications and services are envisaged in UMTS allowing rate
changes during an active session
Higher uplink rates
Variable Rate Coverage
9 This will avoid over engineering the network and helps reduce the infrastructure costs
StepStep--1, Business Requirements and HLD1, Business Requirements and HLD
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Mycom International Confidential 6
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
PreliminaryNetwork Design
Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed NetworkDesign
PermittingProcurementContracting
Site Design &
Construction
EquipmentI&C
Pre-launchOptimisation
Performance Acceptance
Programme ManagementBusiness Objectives and High Level Design
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Mycom International Confidential 7
Carried out by radio planners commonly known as RF Engineers
Using planning tools Propagation predictions
based on, available, existing and ideal new site locations
WE NEED A SITE HERE
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
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Mycom International Confidential 8
Preliminary RFDesign Acceptance
Final RF Design Review (by cluster)
Final RF Design Acceptance
(by cluster)
Consolidation of Requirements
RF Design Acceptance Procedure
RFDatabases
Friendly Sites
SharedSites
Other Viable
Structure
CW Testing and Model
Tuning
Market Data Collection
Preliminary RF Plan
Preliminary RF Design Review
(per city)
SARFs, Site Visits,Candidate Selection,
Design Tuning,Initial Data Fill
Operator/Contractor
Jointly
Operator
RF Design Specifications
Radio Planning Guidelines
X% of sitesselected
Yes
No
iPlannerStage-1: Preliminary Design
Stage-2: Final Design
Detailed planning tool based analysis
Propagation Model Tuning
Digital Terrain Map Clutter Maps Design guidelines
OUTPUT-Search Rings or Search Area Request Forms (SARFs)
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
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9Detailed Analysis
Define system requirementsCapacity, coverage, services and schedule
Acquire Data setsDigital terrain, streets, highways, railways, boundaries. Subscriber distribution. Friendly sites.
Detailed coverage requirements. Quality, probability of coverage & specific coverage goals.
Detailed capacity requirements. User services and traffic, GoS requirements / blocking prob.
Design analysis.Reverse and Forward links, capacity, coverage, best server,polluter and HO analysis.
Define system requirementsCapacity, coverage, services and schedule
Acquire Data setsDigital terrain, streets, highways, railways, boundaries. Subscriber distribution. Friendly sites.
Detailed coverage requirements. Quality, probability of coverage & specific coverage goals.
Detailed capacity requirements. User services and traffic, GoS requirements / blocking prob.
Design analysis.Reverse and Forward links, capacity, coverage, best server,polluter and HO analysis.
Requires Planning Tools
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
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Mycom International Confidential 10
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
DTM
Typically 20m-100m horizontal resolution
0.5m-5m resolution
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StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
Clutter Maps
Typically between 10-100 clutter types
Resolution of 5m-100m
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PreliminaryNetwork Design
Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed NetworkDesign
PermittingProcurementContracting
Site Design &
Construction
EquipmentI&C
Pre-launchOptimisation
Performance Acceptance
Programme ManagementBusiness Objectives and High Level Design
StepStep--4, Detailed Network Plan4, Detailed Network Plan
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Mycom International Confidential 13
Preliminary RFDesign Acceptance
Final RF Design Review (by cluster)
Final RF Design Acceptance
(by cluster)
Consolidation of Requirements
RF Design Acceptance Procedure
RFDatabases
Friendly Sites
SharedSites
Other Viable
Structure
CW Testing and Model
Tuning
Market Data Collection
Preliminary RF Plan
Preliminary RF Design Review
(per city)
SARFs, Site Visits,Candidate Selection,
Design Tuning,Initial Data Fill
Operator/Contractor
Jointly
Operator
RF Design Specifications
Radio Planning Guidelines
X% of sitesselected
Yes
No
iPlannerStage-1: Preliminary Design
Stage-2: Final Design
Site locations almost fixed
Every site has been visited and evaluated
More radio analysis
Normally done per cluster of site (10-30 sites)
OUTPUT- A design that meets the requirements, final site locations and type (site mix)
StepStep--4, Detailed Network Plan4, Detailed Network Plan
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Mycom International Confidential 14
Traffic Forecasting
Coverage Planning
Capacity Planning
Pre-launch Optimization
2G TDMA Process Overview
Traffic Forecasting
Design Optimization
System Coverage & Capacity Planning
3G W-CDMA Process Overview
Pre Launch Optimization
Into Service
Deployment
Into Service
Deployment
Post-Launch Optimization Post-Launch
Optimization
Traffic Forecasting
Coverage Planning
Capacity Planning
Pre-launch Optimization
2G TDMA Process Overview
Traffic Forecasting
Design Optimization
System Coverage & Capacity Planning
3G W-CDMA Process Overview
Pre Launch Optimization
Into Service
Deployment
Into Service
Deployment
Post-Launch Optimization Post-Launch
Optimization
Planning Similarity and Differences
StepStep--2, Preliminary Network Planning2, Preliminary Network Planning
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Mycom International Confidential 15
Ec/Io PlotsEc/Io Plots Signal Strength PlotsSignal Strength Plots
Ec/Io vs. Signal Strength
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Before optimisation After optimisation
Areas with pilot quality Ec/Io > -12dB from 67% to 86% 19% increase in coverage area for the same loading (60%)
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Second Tier
Cluster of Interest
First Tier
Second Tier
Cluster of Interest
First Tier
CDMA Analysis
1. Include at least 2 tiers around the cluster of interest in all predictions and simulations.
2. Ensure that the traffic maps and mobility models have correctly captured the clients needs.
3. Carry out pilot dominance analysis to identify problematic areas.
4. Focus on improving the pilot quality in problematic areas though design adjustments (tilt, azimuth, power).
5. Carry out forward and reverse link Eb/(No+Io) analysis to ensure traffic channel quality.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 18
CDMA Analysis
6. Analyse handover regions.7. Analyse and minimise pilot
pollution.8. Increase system load in steps
to identify capacity limits.9. Push the interference out of
the dense and high traffic areas into rural areas.
Clutter Traffic Service Area Dense Urban High 100% Medium 100% Low 98% Urban High 100% Medium 98% Low 95% Suburban High 100% Medium 95% Low 85% Rural High 100% Medium 95% Low 75% Roads High 100% Medium 100% Low 95%
Area percentage Ec/Io > min Ec/Io
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Dominance
9 Ec/Io dominance provides an overview of the design quality.
9 It also provides an indication as to where to focus design optimisation effort.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Pilot Quality9 A stronger signal does
not necessarily mean better quality.
9 Pilot Ec/Io is effectively determines the cell boundaries.
9 Facing sectors should be avoided.
9 Sites above 20m should be carefully investigated.
9 Typical target Ec/Io values range between 16 to 12.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 21
Pilot of Polluters9 A polluter transmitter is a
transmitter that meets all criteria to enter in active-set but is not admitted due to the active-set limit size.
9 If there are more cells in the active set than the available RAKE fingers, slipover cells will act as interferes and are referred to as polluters.
9 1-2 pilot polluters are deemed acceptable.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Ec/Io
Pilot PollutionEb/No
Soft Handover Plots
StepStep--4, Detailed Network Plan4, Detailed Network Plan
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Mycom International Confidential 23
PreliminaryNetwork Design
Site Acquisition, Town and Country Planning
Detailed NetworkDesign
PermittingProcurementContracting
Site Design &
Construction
EquipmentI&C
Pre-launchOptimisation
Performance Acceptance
Programme ManagementBusiness Objectives and High Level Design
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 24
Site Integrated and Commissioned + Shakedown
Yes
No
Generate Datafill or Data Transcript
x% of the sites in cluster Ready?
Cluster Testing
Data Processing and Analysis
Modification Request(SW/HW)Change
Yes
No
Cluster Acceptance
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Review & Verify Datafill
Operator/Contractor
Operator/Contractor
OperatorSite on Air (Barred)Cluster in Commercial
ServicePerformance Monitoring
and PerformanceManagement
Acceptance Procedures
Datafill Upload
Stage-2
Stage-3
Stage-1Commercial Service
Code Plan (CP)Neighbour List (NL)
etc.
Procedures/Guidelines
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Acceptance Report
Acceptance Testing
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StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
Bring a site live Test live site
against plans Drive test and
make test calls Analyze test calls Make changes Drive test again Carry out
acceptance testing
OUTPUT- Tuned network that meets the set performance targets for launch
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Mycom International Confidential 25
What do we optimize?
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Some Optimization parameters
9 Coverage probability (based on Ec/Io [correlated signal strength of pilot channel]) 9 Call blocking probability9 Call drop rate9 Call completion success rate9 Variable data rate performance9 Throughput at the edge of the cell (PS and CS bearers)9 End-to-end packet delay transfers9 Cell search time9 Inter-cell handover success rate9 Intersystem (UMTSGSM and UMTSGPRS [general packet
radio service]) handover/cell reselection success rate
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Not all parameters have the same importance with different
operators.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Artificial Loading Conditions
9 In the absence of a large subscriber base, how would we optimizeUMTS?The truth is that most optimisation issues will not be evident in early
UMTS life until the subscriber base grows.This does not mean we have to wait until we hit a problem.Artificial loading in the form of noise can be generated at the receiver
(both Node-B and UE) to emulate increased interference.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 29
9 Better designs require less optimisation.9With all the uncertainties in respect to the mix of services and
loading UMTS would require a long an on-going optimisation period.9 CDMA optimisation is more exhaustive as it happens as cell,
cluster and inter-cluster level.9With significantly smaller cell radii than GSM, controlling the
interference becomes an important issue.9 Advanced interference management algorithm using the outer
loop power control provisions of UMTS would be in great demand.9 Cell breathing has to be controlled in order to avoid an increased
handover failure rate or an increased other-cell interference.9Optimisation tools are in release- correct operation to be
confirmed.9QoS is an end-to-end measure. Tools that can analyse access,
Ongoing Optimization Issues
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 30
Dead Zone size depend on:- Geometry of the cells.- Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL dependant on antenna radiation pattern)- Adjacent Channel Selectivity (UE ACS >= 33dB)- Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (UE ACLR >= 33@5 & 43@10 MHz)
(BS ACLR >= 45@5 & 50@10 MHz)
Dead Zone size depend on:- Geometry of the cells.- Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL dependant on antenna radiation pattern)- Adjacent Channel Selectivity (UE ACS >= 33dB)- Adjacent Channel Leakage power Ratio (UE ACLR >= 33@5 & 43@10 MHz)
(BS ACLR >= 45@5 & 50@10 MHz)
Operator A Operator BOperator ASubscriber
Operator ACoverage
Dead Zone~ 100m for 1Km cell
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Mycom International Confidential 31
9 TEMS Investigation-WCDMA tool with Qualcomm UE real-time air-interface test tool Ability to tune and optimize WCDMA
networks UE-based measurements for
verification of true terminal behavior Verification of cell coverage, capacity,
accessibility, etc. Troubleshooting capabilities System verification of trial systems
9 TEMS Scanner-system verification and troubleshooting CPICH scanner-Scanning received
power of Scrambling code SCH scanner-scanning received power
of SCH
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 32
Drive Test Set up9 Equipment9 Anritsu Scanner9 2 x Samsung Z105 mobile
phones with Qualcom Chipset9 CF29 Tough book PC.
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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9Increased SectorisationAntenna patterns are not perfect and will result in increased interference
9Reduced cell radiusIncreased number of sites / equipment hence increased infrastructure cost
9Use of enhanced technologiesTransmit diversity: Fairly easy, planned for phase-1Intelligent antenna: Technology not mature enoughMultiuser Detectors: Technology not mature enough
Capacity Growth
StepStep--8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimization8 and 9, Pre Launch Optimizationand Acceptanceand Acceptance
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Mycom International Confidential 36
Drive Testing & Benchmarking
Network Statistics & Call Trace
Transport
Core Network
Customer Feedback
OPEX Trade off
CAPEX Trade off
Performance Requirement
Corrective Decision
Features and Upgrades
Network Performance Monitoring & Analysis
End user Views
Trade off Analysis- Advanced Performance Management Tools
E2E Optimization (user experience) Expansion
Site Rationalization
Transmission Rationalization
Recommendation Report
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Breaking through the silos
Performance ManagementPerformance Management
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Mycom International Confidential 37
Thank You