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3M™ Projection Lamps

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. How do I properly dispose of a projection lamp?

A. All fluorescent and most high intensity discharge lamps, such as the projection lamp in 3M’s Digital Projector and Digital Wall Display, contain a small amount of mercury. Dispose of the projection lamp in a manner that is consistent with your local hazardous waste regulations for mercury. In U.S., see www.lamprecycle.org.

Q. Will my multimedia projector work in international locations?

A. Most 3M(tm) Multimedia Projectors have a universal power supply and will work in all international locations. For specific models, check the technical specifications.

Q. Can we install our multimedia projector in a ceiling mount?

A. Most 3M Multimedia Projectors can be ceiling-mounted and are also capable of rear projection. Consult your electronic presentation system dealer for specific mounting accessories. The unit should be placed near the screen with plenty of space around it for ventilation. In any type of installation, avoid surrounding the unit with soft surfaces that could block airflow.

Q. What is the Position button for?

A. The Position button has two functions and is used only in Computer mode. The first function is to move the screen up and down/left and right to ensure that the entire image is visible on the screen. Simply press the position button (it will light) and use the disc to move the image around.

Frequently Asked Questions, cont’d.

The second function of the Position button is used with Digital magnification. When zooming in on an image, press the position button to move around the screen to view the entire image.

Q. What is the magnify button for?

A. The magnify function allows the image on the screen to be magnified digitally up to 4 times. Simply press the magnify + button on the remote to increase the magnification. The magnify - button decreases magnification while the off button takes magnification off.

Q. How do I check the lamp hours on my multimedia projector?

A. Press and hold the timer button on the remote control. The lamp hours will display. See your User’s Guide for more details.

Q. How do I clean my projector? A. Use a soft cloth to remove dust from the projector housing. Use 3M Overhead Cleaner 676 to remove

surface dirt and smudges from the projection lens.

If you have other questions, please call 1-800-328-1371 or contact us.

3M™ Black &White Copiers and Laser Printers

Frequently Asked Questions Q. What’s the maximum heat tolerance for 3M™ Transparency Film? A. Because many variables impact the heat tolerances of transparencies, there’s no

specific temperature rating available for transparencies. First, it’s important to note that printer and copier manufacturers recommend the use of transparencies with their products.

3M, the leading manufacturer of transparency film, is no exception, but it stands out

from the rest. When 3M recommends a transparency product for use with a particular machine, it comes with a money-back guarantee; if you’re not completely satisfied with the product, 3M will replace the transparency film or refund the purchase price of the product.

The following points provide additional reasons why there’s no specific temperature

rating for transparencies:

• Some printers and copiers are exposed for longer periods of time to heat rollers. For example, if a copier prints 60 copies a minute, the transparency stays in contact with the heat rollers for only a short time. However, if a copier prints six copies a minute, the transparencies are exposed to the heat rollers for a longer interval. In conclusion, the temperature of the transparency depends on the temperature of the heat rollers and how long the transparency stays in contact with the heat rollers.

Printer and copier manufacturers are keenly aware of the exposure of

transparencies to the heat rollers, so they set the temperature, accordingly.


3M also recommends the use of thicker and more robust transparency products, such as PP2950, for hot-temperature or slower-printing machines.

• Fuser oil creates a much-needed barrier between transparencies and the heat rollers, thus

preventing film from sticking to the printer’s heat rollers. Conversely, when the oil is depleted, the heat rollers dry, and as a result, the transparencies could jam in the machine.

• The condition of the heat rollers impacts the efficiency of transparencies entering and exiting

heat rollers. If the rollers are worn or damaged, then the transparencies could stick or jam in the printer.

For the product specially designed to work with your printer or copier, see the online 3M™

Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. Can I use inkjet transparencies in my copier or laser printer? A. No. Inkjet transparencies accept images from only liquid-ink machines. Copier and laser printer

transparencies accept only dry-toner. For copiers, laser and inkjet printers, we recommend 3M™ Multipurpose Transparency Film CG6000. This unique product uses one side for inkjet printing and the other side for all types of printing. CG6000 is for those who only want to stock one transparency type.

Q. Can I use 3M™ Black-and-White Laser Transparency Film CG3300 in my copier? A. Yes, as long as your copier doesn’t require a sensing stripe. Q. Can I use 3M Black-and-White Laser Transparency Film CG3300 in my color laser printer? A. We don’t advise using CG3300 in your color laser printer. Color laser printers have higher fuser

temperatures than black-and-white laser printers. The toners in these two machines also are different. For these reasons, we strongly encourage the use of the following recommended color laser printer transparency products: 3M™ Color LaserPrinter Transparency Film CG3700, 3M™ Color Laser Printer Transparency Film CG3720, or 3M™ Color Laser Printer Transparency Film CG3710.

For the product specially designed to work with your printer, see the online 3M™ Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. Why can’t I use the 3M™ Plain-Paper Copier Transparency Film PP2500 in my laser printer, if it

works just fine when I do? A. Laser printers print slower and have higher fusing temperature than copiers. Consequently, the

transparencies are exposed to heat longer, which could cause the PP2500 to soften and jam in the fuser section of the printer. Most often a jammed transparency can be removed easily, but in some cases, a costly repair may be needed. If a product is used incorrectly, 3M doesn’t guarantee it. For


the product specially designed to work with your printer or copier, see the online 3M™ Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. What’s the difference between color laser transparencies and black-and-white laser printer/copier transparencies?

A. Color laser and black-and-white laser printer transparencies have two different types of coatings,

specifically because they each use disparate toners. When projected on a screen, black-and-white transparency images only have to block light. On the other hand, color laser transparencies have to make the toners transparent in order to project color.

Q. My current transparency sometimes jams in the fuser section of my copier. What is the best product

for my needs? A. The 3M™ Transparency Film PP2950 works specially with high-fuser temperature copiers. The

PP2950, tested on copiers known for jamming transparencies in their fuser sections, significantly reduces this type of fuser-transparency problem.

Conversely, transparencies not for use in high-fuser temperature copiers could soften and jam in the

fuser section of machines. Most often, a jammed transparency can be removed, but in some cases, it could result in a costly repair.

The 3M™ Transparency Film PP2950 also boasts a thicker and more robust quality, along with an

enhanced coating, over the 3M™ Transparency Film PP2500. 3M, the leading manufacturer of transparency film, recommends the use of 3M transparencies

for specific machines. This recommendation comes with a money-back guarantee; if you’re not completely satisfied with the 3M transparency product, 3M will replace the film or refund the purchase price of the product.

3M™ Digital Projector


Q. How do I properly dispose of a projection lamp? A. All fluorescent and most high intensity discharge lamps, such as the projection

lamp in 3M’s Digital Projector and Digital Wall Display, contain a small amount of mercury. Dispose of the projection lamp in a manner that is consistent with your local hazardous waste regulations for mercury. In U.S., see www.lamprecycle.org.

Q. Will my multimedia projector work in international locations? A. Most 3M(tm) Multimedia Projectors have a universal power supply and will work in

all international locations. For specific models, check the technical specifications. Q. Can we install our multimedia projector in a ceiling mount? A. Most 3M Multimedia Projectors can be ceiling-mounted and are also capable

of rear projection. Consult your electronic presentation system dealer for specific mounting accessories. The unit should be placed near the screen with plenty of space around it for ventilation. In any type of installation, avoid surrounding the unit with soft surfaces that could block airflow.

Q. What is the Position button for? A. The Position button has two functions and is used only in Computer mode. The first

function is to move the screen up and down/left and right to ensure that the entire image is visible on the screen. Simply press the position button (it will light) and use the disc to move the image around.


The second function of the Position button is used with Digital magnification. When zooming in on an image, press the position button to move around the screen to view the entire image.

Q. What is the magnify button for? A. The magnify function allows the image on the screen to be magnified digitally up to 4 times. Simply

press the magnify + button on the remote to increase the magnification. The magnify - button decreases magnification while the off button takes magnification off.

Q. How do I check the lamp hours on my multimedia projector? A. Press and hold the timer button on the remote control. The lamp hours will display. See your User’s

Guide for more details. Q. How do I clean my projector? A. Use a soft cloth to remove dust from the projector housing. Use 3M Overhead Cleaner 676 to remove

surface dirt and smudges from the projection lens. If you have other questions, please call 1-800-328-1371 or contact us.

3M™ Color Laser Copier and Color Laser Printers


Q. What are the differences between the 3M™ Color Copier Transparency Film PP2260 and the 3M™ Color Laser Printer Transparency Film CG3710?

A. The most obvious difference between the 3M™ Color Copier Transparency Film

PP2260 and the 3M™ Color Laser Printer Transparency Film CG3710 concerns the sensing stripe. The PP2260 has a sensing stripe on the long edge of the transparency; the CG3710 has a sensing stripe on the short edge.

These two products are made for color laser machines that use toner to create images.

Because the two transparency films have similar coatings, they’re compatible with both color copiers and color laser printers. For the product specially designed to work with your printer or copier, see the online 3M™ Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. What are the differences between color and black-and-white laser printer

transparencies? A. Color laser and black-and-white laser printer transparencies have two different types of coatings, specifically because they each use disparate toners. When

projected on a screen, black-and-white transparency images only have to block light. On the other hand, color laser transparencies have to make the toners transparent in order to project color.

3M™ Ink Jet Printers


Q. Should I print on the rough or smooth side of inkjet transparencies? A. You should always print on the rough side of inkjet transparencies. Q. Why do imaged inkjet transparencies sometimes not dry? A. Generally, imaged inkjet transparencies don’t dry because images were printed on the

smooth side of the transparencies. This mistake is easily avoided, if you print on the rough side of transparencies and wait 15 minutes before handling them.

Q. Why do images printed on the 3M™ Photo Quality Inkjet Paper CM2110 sometimes

not dry? A. In most cases, inkjet Photo paper don’t dry because images were printed on the wrong

side of the paper. To avoid this situation, print only on the paper’s matte side, not the glossy. Then, wait 15 minutes before handling the paper. Note, that while CM2110 has been discontinued, 3M now has a new Premium Glossy Photo Paper, which you do print on the glossy side.

Visit www.3m.com/us/home_leisure/printscape/index.jhtml for information about this

new paper and other great products. Q. What’s the drying time for imaged inkjet transparencies?

A. The drying time for imaged inkjet transparencies varies. Depending on printer setting and different types of inks used with various printers. For example, some printers come with heaters that accelerate drying time. It’s best to consult your printer manual for the recommended process for transparency printing. As a general rule, allow


transparencies to dry completely before placing them in protective sleeves. Additional drying time is needed in more humid environmental conditions.

Q. Can I use copier or laser transparencies in my inkjet printer? A. No. Copier or laser transparencies only accept images from dry-toner machines. Inkjet transparencies

use liquid ink for imaging with inkjet printers. For copiers, laser and inkjet printers, we recommend 3M™ Multipurpose Transparency Film CG6000. This unique product uses one side for inkjet printing and the other side for all types of printing. CG6000 is for those who only want to stock one transparency type.

Q. Why do some imaged transparencies look fuzzy? A. Inkjet transparencies are compatible with specific inks (not all inks are the same). If the ink is not

designed for use with the coating on the transparency, the ink flows outside of the printed area, causing fuzzy-looking images.

Moisture also can affect images. When inkjet transparencies are exposed to high humidity, the

moisture combines with the ink, thus creating an over flow of liquid on the transparency surface. The ink then seeps outside of the imaged area to create fuzzy-looking images. To avoid this scenario, always store transparencies in a dry place. And, when storing imaged transparencies, place a sheet of bond or copier paper on top of an imaged sheet. The sheet of paper absorbs excess moisture.

Q. Why do clear lines sometimes appear on imaged inkjet transparencies? A. If you’re using the correct transparencies, clogged inkjet nozzles may cause clear lines to appear on

imaged inkjet transparencies. Consult your printer manual for instructions on how to clean the ink nozzles and print-heads on your printers.

3M™ Transparency Film


Q. Which 3M™ Transparency Film works best with my printer or copier? A. 3M offers a variety of transparency film products for copiers, and inkjet and laser

printers. For the product specially designed to work with your printer or copier, see the online 3M™ Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. How can I get the best possible images using 3M™ Transparency Film? A. To get the best possible images, with 3M Transparency Film, consult your printer

manual. When possible select transparency mode and best print quality. Q. Is there are transparency product that I can use on both my inkjet printers and my

copier or laser printers? A. Yes, 3M™ Multipurpose CG6000 is this type of product. You use one side for inkjet

printing and the other side for all types of printing. Q. If I don’t use the printer manufacturer’s recommended transparency products, will I

void the machine’s warranty? A. Some manufacturers may imply that you have to use their transparency products with

their machines. However, 3M guarantees that 3M transparency products will work in the recommended machines. To match your machine with a 3M transparency film, visit the online 3M™ Transparency Film Compatibility Guide.

Q. Can I use inkjet transparencies in my copier or laser printer?


A. No. Inkjet transparencies accept images only from liquid-ink machines. And, copier and laser printer transparencies accept images only from toner-based machines. For copiers, laser and inkjet printers, we recommend 3M™ Multipurpose Transparency Film CG6000. This unique product uses one side for inkjet printing and the other side for all types of printing. CG6000 is for those who only want to stock one transparency type.

Q. Are 3M A4- or A3-sized transparency films available in the U.S.? A. 3M A4- or A3-sized transparency films are not available in the U.S. To order these size

transparencies, contact either of the following two companies: Vu-Color at 1-800-882 6567, or USI at 1-800-882-6567.

Q. Does 3M offer 11- x 17-inch transparencies? A. 3M does not offer 11- x 17-inch transparencies. If you’d like to order this size transparency,

contact either of the following two companies: Vu-Color at 1-800-882 6567, or USI at 1-800-882-6567.

Q. Can I write on transparencies with markers? A. 3M offers permanent and non-permanent transparency markers. The non-permanent

markers can be used on all 3M transparencies. Images made with these non-permanent markers can be erased easily with a damp cloth, except on inkjet transparencies, where the image will be permanent. The permanent markers can be used on all 3M transparencies, and, as the name implies, images made with these permanent markers can’t be erased.

Q. What is the difference between Highland Brand and 3M Brand? A. These transparencies are both manufactured by 3M to the same specification in regard to

performance. You will experience the same great image quality, and excellent feeding with both products. Cosmetics specifications of Highland are slightly wider than with 3M Brand products.

Q. Can I reuse already imaged transparencies, if I remove the images? A. No, if you remove the images, you also remove the film coating at the same time. And, as a

result, imaging problems will occur. Q. What’s the material composition of 3M transparencies? A. The material composition of the actual 3M transparency sheets is polyester (polyethylene

terephthalate). This polyester film is coated with a patented solution, which is not disclosed.


Q. What’s the thickness of 3M transparencies?

A.

Product Thickness in mils

CG2000 4.25

CG2100 3.5

CG3300 4.25

CG3360 3.5

CG3460 4.5

CG3480 4.5

CG3490 5.0

CG3700 5.0

CG3720 5.0

CG5000 4.2

CG6000 5.2

PP2200 3.8

PP2260 4.25

PP2410 3.5

PP2500 3.8

PP2950 4.25

3M™ Overhead Projectors

Frequently Asked Questions Q. How do I properly dispose of a projection lamp?

A. All fluorescent and most high intensity discharge lamps, such as the projection

lamp in 3M’s Digital Projector and Digital Wall Display, contain a small amount of mercury. Dispose of the projection lamp in a manner that is consistent with your local hazardous waste regulations for mercury. In U.S., see www.lamprecycle.org.

Q. The lamps in our overhead projector seem to fail before the expected life span. Can

we use different lamps? A. We do not recommend substituting different lamps, but suggest you check line voltage

at the outlet. Variations in line voltage will affect lamp life. When line voltage is higher or lower than the standards of 120v, 220v, 230v or 240v, there will be an effect on lamp life. Line voltage at 4 or 5 percent higher than the standard can cause a lamp to give 16% more light but last only 60% of the rated life. A lamp used where the line voltage is only 95 or 96 percent of the standard can give 14% less light but will last much longer--about 171% of the rated life in hours.

Q. Can I make substitutions for the projection lamp? A. No. Most overhead projectors are designed and wired to use one specific lamp type

of a certain watt and voltage rating. The lamp types are usually not interchangeable. Halogen lamps give typically 25 to 70 hours of light, depending on use and manufacturing quality. Halogen lamps usually burn out completely or do not re-light after the end of their useful life. We recommend using 3M brand projector lamps; other brands may not meet ANSI standards for size and quality.

Q. We no longer have the instruction manual for our overhead projector. How can we tell

Frequently Asked Questions, cont’d. what type of lamp to use as a replacement?

A. The overhead projector should have a label or identification plate that tells you what type of lamp to use in it. We do recommend you replace the old lamp with the exact type of lamp specified. Overhead projector lamps have an ANSI standard three-letter designation.

Q. What distance from the screen should our overhead projector be placed so that the image it projects

will fill the screen? A. You may use this equation to find the optimal screen-to-projector distance to fill the screen:

D = F ( S/A + 1 ) D = distance from projector to screen F = focal length of optical head S = screen size A = aperture size of projector stage or LCD projection panel

Positioning the projector very far away or very close to the screen will result in poor image quality.

In the U.S., you may ask for help in determining screen distance from our Customer Assistance Center at 1-800-328-1371, or consult the projector instruction manual. Check our website for an online screen calculator.

Q. Our overhead projector is plugged in and the fan works but the lamp does not go on. How can we get

it to light? A. On 9000 model overhead projectors, make sure all access doors are closed. Some overhead

projectors made for use in the U.S. have safety interlocks that will prevent the lamp from lighting unless the interlocks are properly latched. On the portable models 9600 and 9700, there are collapsible legs that must be fully deployed before the lamp will go on. Call 1-800-328-1371 if you need further assistance.

Q. Can an overhead projector be transported as checked baggage? A. We recommend shipping or checking as baggage any electronic presentation equipment ONLY if

the unit is carefully contained in the original shipping carton with the protective internal packing components. Projectors are high quality precision optical and electronic devices; they can be safely transported when correctly protected and handled as such. For help, consult your electronic presentation systems dealer.

Q. How can we eliminate unwanted color at the corners of the image projected through our overhead

projector? A. Red or blue colors at the corners of your image indicate the optical system is out of alignment. Color

tuning adjusts the distance between the lamp and the Fresnel lens. Color tuning can remove tinges of yellow, brown or blue colors at the corners of your image. This may be an internal or an external control. If your projector has an external color tuning control, consult your instruction manual for adjustment details. For internal color tuning, consult your projector service dealer.


Q. The image projected on screen through our overhead projector is wider at the top than at the bottom, or taller on one side than the other. How can we correct this? A. You are experiencing “keystoning”. This occurs when the image projected is not perpendicular to the

screen. Most often, keystoning can be corrected by tilting the screen or repositioning the projector so that the screen is perpendicular to the axis of the projected light beam.

Q. Our overhead projector has a high-low lamp switch. When should we use each setting? A. If you are projecting black-and-white or simple color images on clear background transparencies,

you should set the lamp switch on “low” for normal illumination. Operating the projector on the low setting will extend lamp life. High settings can be used when extra brightness is needed or images are too dim.

Q. What is a metal halide lamp? A. Metal halide lamps in projectors, such as the Model 9850, typically give 650 to 750 hours of bright

output. They lose effective brightness as they age, but may continue to re-light even after their useful life. Switching on and off frequently can shorten the life expectancy of a metal halide lamp. You will need to wait several minutes for the lamp to regain full brightness each time it is restarted.

3M™ Digital Wall Display

Frequently Asked Questions Q. How do I properly dispose of a projection lamp?

A. All fluorescent and most high intensity discharge lamps, such as the projection lamp in 3M’s Digital Projector and Digital Wall Display, contain a small amount of mer-cury. Dispose of the projection lamp in a manner that is consistent with your local hazardous waste regulations for mercury. In U.S., see www.lamprecycle.org.

3M™ Overhead Projectors

Glossary AC Outlets Unswitched AC power outlets for connecting accessory items such as notebook computers.

Aperture

The area of the stage that is available for projecting an image. Usually comes in the following sizes: 10” X 10”, 10.5” X 10.5” and 11.25” X 11.25” (A4).

Articulated Head A closed projector head, where the mirror will move one-half the distance when the image is tilted up on the screen.

Coated Stage Hard coating on a reflective optical stage (Fresnel lens) that resists scratching so the projected im-age stays sharp and clear.

Color Tuning Adjusts the edge-to-edge uniformity of projected light to eliminate yellow or blue corners, giv-ing an optimized image regardless of projector-to-screen distance, within the prescribed area. Also known as Optical Tuning.

Closed Head A projection head where the mirror and lens is enclosed.

Overhead Projector Glossary, cont’d.

Convection Cooled Cooling of the projector lamp by the upward flow of heated air without a fan. Used in reflective-type pro-jectors with the lamp installed in the head assembly.

Doublet Lens A projection lens with two elements contained in a single assembly.

Elevation Angle The position to which the projected image can be tilted while projecting a full image onto the screen.

Flip-In Magnifier A 1.3X lens to enlarge LCD panel images.

Focal Length The distance between the lens and its focal point. Also the value given to a lens, stated in inches or milli-meters. The smaller the focal length, the wider the angle of the image.

Focus Correction A feature used to project an image onto a vertical surface (such as a wall) with a high tilt angle of the head to obtain uniform focus of the image. This feature does not eliminate keystoning. See also Keystoning.

Fresnel Lens A flat lens composed of a series of closely spaced grooves that control refraction of light. Usually part of the projector stage.

High/Low Intensity Switch On the LOW setting, this control switch decreases the lamp output by 10% and doubles the lamp life. The HIGH setting should be used with LCD panels.

Illumination The density of light projected onto a screen or other surface. Stated in lumens. See also Lumens.

Keystoning

Image distortion caused when the projector is not perpendicular to the screen, making the image notice-ably wider at the top or bottom. Some projectors have keystoning correction functions. To correct keyston-ing manually, tilt the screen or the projector until the screen is perpendicular to the projectorÕs light beam axis. See also Focus Correction.

Overhead Projector Glossary, cont’d.

Lamp Changer A control mechanism that quickly and easily rotates a replacement lamp into operation position after the primary lamp has failed.

Let Run Thermostat See Post Cool Thermostat.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Panel A display panel that sits on top of the projector stage, which creates an image that is generated by a computer.

Lumen

The unit of illumination on a surface. One lumen is the light of one candle power on each square foot of a surface of a sphere at a radius of one foot from the light source. See also ANSI Lumens and Illumination.

Open Head A projection head where the mirror and lens is not enclosed. The image is raised on the screen by tilting the mirror up.

Optical Tuning See Color Tuning.

Overheat Thermostat Automatically turns off the lamp if the projector reaches an unsafe temperature. Also known as Safety Thermostat.

Post Cool Thermostat A thermostat allowing the projector fan to continue running after the lamp has been turned off, reducing the temperature of the unit. See also Let Run Thermostat.

Reflective-Type Projector An overhead projector where the light source is located in the head assembly and shines down onto the stage. The light is then reflected from the Fresnel lens, back through the head and onto the screen. Usually used in lightweight, portable projectors. Also known as Let Run Thermostat.

Safety Thermostat See Overheat Thermostat.

Overhead Projector Glossary, cont’d. Singlet Lens A projection lens with only one element in an assembly.

Stage The flat area of the projector where the transparency film or LCD projection panel is placed.

Transmissive-Type Projector An overhead projector where the light source is under the stage and light is transmitted through the trans-parency film to the head and onto the screen.

Triplet Lens A projection lens with three elements contained in a single assembly.

Varifocal Lens A projection lens containing movable elements to permit focusing by varying the focal length. (Not a zoom lens.)

Wide Angle Lens A lens that projects a larger image onto a screen at a closer distance than a standard lens. Usually has a fo-cal length of 11.5” (293 mm) or smaller.

IBM and PS/2 are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation.

3M™ Digital Projectors

Glossary 8514/A An earlier IBM high-resolution video standard of 1024 x 768 (interlaced).

Active Matrix LCD A type of liquid crystal display (LCD) technology where each pixel is actively controlled by a diode or a transistor, allowing greater color and contrast quality than passive matrix LCD. See also Liquid Crystal Display and Passive Matrix LCD.

ANSI American National Standards Institute. Devised the ANSI Lumens scale of projector brightness.

ANSI Lumens A measurement of the overall projector brightness, representing the average value of 9 points on the projected screen image on a scale devised by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). See also Lumens.

Aspect Ratio The ratio between the width and height of the output (monitor, LCD projection panel, overhead or slide).

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) A card that enables an IBM® PC and XT to handle graphics and color. Resolution is 640 x 200 pixels with a 16-color maximum. This standard is now almost obsolete.

Digital Projector Glossary, cont’d.

Composite Video A video signal combining all the color and timing components of an image into a single input line.

Compression Mode A method of displaying images in a reduced size format. A compressed image usually has part of the image information discarded. The result is a projected image that has light and dark lines and text char-acters with thick and thin line widths.

Contrast Ratio The ratio of the brightest and darkest images a display can reproduce.

Convergence The alignment of the red, green, and blue components of a video image signal on a projected display system. Improper convergence can cause color fringes or “ghosts” in the projected image.

Display Size The diagonal length of the LCD display area. Typical laptop display sizes are 8.4” to 12.1”.

Distribution Amplifier A device that amplifies and transmits a video or computer signal using shielded coaxial cable, especially over more than a few dozen feet, to prevent signal degradation or electrical interference. Can also send a signal to multiple projector devices.

DLP (Digital Light Processing A display technology by Texas Instruments that is based on the digital micromirror device (DMD), and projects extremely bright, high-quality, high-definition images.

DSTN (Double Super Twist Nematic) A passive matrix LCD technology where two separate LCD plates are combined to form a single panel for improved image quality and contrast. See also STN (Single Twist Nematic), TSTN (Triple Super Twist Nematic), and Passive Matrix LCD.

EGA (Enhanced Graphics Array) Enhanced Graphics Array. The second generation of the CGA card giving IBM PCs, XTs and ATs greater resolution (640 x 350). Now almost obsolete.

FCC Class B Certified for home use A device classified as FCC Class B Certified for home use does not interfere with other devices, and it


can handle interference from other devices.

Hz (Hertz) Increment used to express the frequency of an electrical signal or event in cycles per second. See also KHz (KiloHertz, 1,000 cycles per second) and MHz (MegaHertz, 1 million cycles per second).

Image Compression Compresses higher resolution images into 640 x 480.

Interlaced Every other line is scanned during each total vertical (full) screen refresh.

IR (Infra-Red) A type of wireless transmission via infra-red light waves, often used for remote control devices.

KHz (KiloHertz) 1,000 cycles per second. The frequency of an electrical signal or event. See also Hertz (Hz) and Mega-Hertz (MHz).

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) A glass panel display that electronically controls the light passing it. See also Active Matrix LCD and Passive Matrix LCD.

Long Throw Lens Enables a projector to decrease its image size over the standard lens at the same throw distance. With a long throw distance the user is able to project a smaller image so that it will fit on the screen.

Lumen The unit of illumination on a surface. One lumen is the light of one candle power on each square foot of a surface of a sphere at a radius of one foot from the light source. See also ANSI Lumens.

MegaHertz (MHz) 1 million cycles per second. The frequency of an electrical signal or event. See also Hertz (Hz) and KiloHertz (KHz).

Non-Interlaced Each line is scanned during each total vertical (full) screen refresh. Reduces image flicker and


associated eyestrain. See also Interlaced.

NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) The standard for broadcast color television and other video equipment signal in the US, Canada, and other countries. Established in 1953. 525 lines/60 Hz.

Palette The number of colors available to create an image. The use of a standardized palette in a presentation allows the user to create a consistent look.

PAL (Phase Alternate Line) The phase of the color carrier alternates from line to line. Used extensively in Western Europe. 625 lines/50Hz.

Panel The same as liquid crystal display (LCD).

Passive Matrix An older form of liquid crystal display (LCD) technology that controlled pixel processing for entire areas of the screen (instead of individual pixels, as in active matrix LCD), with reduced color, contrast, and speed. See also Active Matrix LCD.

Pixel Abbreviated term for picture element. The smallest element of display, consisting of a single dot or group of three dots (red, green and blue). Total pixels are usually expressed in horizontal x vertical dimensions (e.g., 640 x 480).

Polysilicon LCD The most current liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, combining separate LCD layers of red, green, and blue light for increased color and contrast.

Polysilicon TFT (Thin Film Transistor) A type of LCD technology that allows more light at high temperatures through the LCD.

Refresh Rate The number of times the screen image is “painted” or refreshed per second, expressed in Hz.

Digital Projector Glossary, cont’d. Resolution The number and concentration of dots or pixels in a given portion of the image (i.e., 800 x 600). A higher resolution reproduces more image detail and a broader range of light and dark.

Response Time The time it takes for a pixel to turn on and off. Typically measured in milliseconds, an active-matrix LCD projection panel’s response time is fast enough to display full-motion video and rapid mouse cursor movements.

RGB (Red, Green, Blue) The basic signal components of the color video system.

SECAM Sequential Couleur Avec Memorie. The color television standard developed in France. SECAM is used mostly in France and Eastern European countries. 625 lines/50Hz.

Serial Port A data I/O port linking the computer to other computers or devices. Also referred to as RS-232C or COM port.

Short Throw Lens Enables a projector to increase its image size over the standard lens at the same throw distance. The user can create larger images at closer distances.

STN (Super Twist Nematic) A passive matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) technology used in some monitors to twist combined light rays for improved screen quality. See also DSTN (Double Super Twist Nematic), TSTN (Triple Super Twist Nematic), and Passive Matrix LCD.

SVGA (Super VGA) A graphic of 800 x 600. This standard has versions with different vertical frequencies.

S-Video (S-VHS) A video signal that separates luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) signals.

Thin Film Transistor (TFT) The active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) technology most common in LCD panels and monitors. It places the controller of the panel directly on the surface of the glass, producing higher


quality screen images.

Transmitivity The percentage of light transmitted from the stage of the overhead projector that reaches the screen at a given distance. Typically, LCD projection panels are able to use less than 10% of the total light avail-able. Also known as transmissivity.

TSTN (Triple Super Twist Nematic) A passive matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) technology used in some monitors to twist three com-bined LCD light rays for improved screen quality. See also DSTN (Double Super Twist Nematic), STN (Super Twist Nematic), and Passive Matrix LCD.

VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) A non-profit group of companies organized to define and improve computer graphics standards.

VESA Standard A set of display specifications agreed upon by the VESA organization, usually referred to by resolu-tion and vertical refresh rate. VESA standards usually achieve a higher display quality by increasing the resolution (e.g., 1024 x 768) while maintaining a high vertical refresh rate (e.g., 72 Hz) to reduce flicker.

VGA (Video Graphics Array) The standard interface for IBM PS/2®. The only analog graphics card IBM has used (others handle digital information). 720 x 400 resolution in text mode, 640 x 480 resolution in graphics mode.

Video The capability to project images from a VCR, DVD, laser disc player, or a computer with a CD-ROM drive.

VirtualMouse Remote Control 3M’s lightweight remote control offers all of the functionality of a computer-compatible mouse.

XGA (Extended Graphics Adapter) IBM’s graphics standard that includes VGA and extended resolution up to 1024 x 768.

Y-Cable A cable splitting the monitor signal to work simultaneously with both a monitor and LCD panel.

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