April 25, 2019

S H O W C A S E

A Special Word of Thanks to Our Judges

It is my pleasure to offer a personal welcome to the judges of the Colorado School of Mines Capstone Design@Mines Spring 2019 Design Showcase. We appreciate your willingness to take time from your normal activities to evaluate our seniors’ capstone design projects. The opportunity for our students to get feedback from experienced engineers is invaluable.

The Capstone Senior Design program allows our students to demonstrate the engineering knowledge that they have acquired throughout their undergraduate course of study, and to do so in a multi-disciplinary design environment. We encourage you to spend time with the design teams and to inquire about their projects and their designs. But also ask about their design process, because in the final analysis, capstone design is as much about learning the process of design in a team environment as it is about creating a design. As these students enter the workforce, it is their ability to use design thinking methodologies that they have learned that will serve them most in their careers.

We are proud of our students and their accomplishments and hope you are equally impressed. If you would like to get more involved in our program, we are always in search of more project sponsors. Let us know!

Again, thank you and Happy Judging!

Kevin L. Moore Vice Provost and Dean

Strategic Initiatives and Integrative Programs

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUPPORTING THE PROGRAM 1

PROJECT SPONSORS 2

BECOMING A SPONSOR 3

GENERAL INFORMATION 4

PROJECT LIST 5-6

PROJECT SUMMARIES 01-55 7-41

BROADER IMPACTS ESSAY 42

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SUPPORTING THE PROGRAM The Capstone Design@Mines Program relies on the generosity of our program supporters to fund our intercollegiate competition teams and community development projects, as well as to outfit the Design Laboratories and project build environments. If you or your organization are interested in supporting these elements of the program, please consider making a financial gift through the Mines Foundation or via giving.mines.edu. Make sure to clearly mark your gift for Capstone Design@Mines. Your gift is tax deductible and will make a huge impact on our students.

Colorado School of Mines thanks the organizations, families, and individuals listed below who have

provided valuable support to the students in our 2018-2019 program.

PROGRAM PARTNERS $25,000 +

J. Don Thorson

PROGRAM SPONSORS $10,000 – $24,999

Gerald & Karen Zink

Shell Oil Company

PROGRAM SUPPORTERS $5,000 - $9,999

Al Cohen Family Pinyon Environmental, Inc.

PROGRAM DONORS $100 to $4,999

Ball Aerospace GPT Industries

IEEE Kiewit Corporation

Lockheed Martin Orion System Integration Unit

McKinstry NEI Engineering

Sierra Nevada Corporation Mr. Mike Slouka

SOLVE

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PROJECT SPONSORS Colorado School of Mines thanks the individuals and organizations listed below who have served as clients for the student teams presenting today. Your donation of time, talent, and material support to our students are greatly appreciated.

AIAA Student Chapter Lockheed Martin Orion System Integration Unit

ASCE Mapleton Public Schools

Ball Aerospace McKinstry

Bio-Itza "Preserve the Source" Fund Canvas Technology

CEE Dept. Mines SAE Formula Team

City of Denver Mines Music Dept.

City of Golden and Hike 4 Help NASA & Mines Space Resources

Colorado State Patrol NEI Engineering

Craig Hospital Pinyon Environmental, Inc.

The Denver Zoological Foundation Quality of Life Plus

Floyd Hill HOA Groundwater Committee / SOLVE SCENE Sierra Leone

Freshwater Project International Mr. Jeff Schultz

Global Volunteers Shell Oil Company

GoFarm, Golden CO Sierra Nevada Corporation

GPT Industries Mr. Mike Slouka

Greenway Foundation Strategic Relationships – Petroleum Engineering

Human Centered Design Studio at Mines Dr. Nils Tilton (Mechanical Engineering Dept)

SpaceX Hyperloop Competition U.S. National Park Service

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BECOMING A SPONSOR

The Capstone Design@Mines Program pushes students to go beyond their classroom training and solve real-world design problems. Every semester the program coordinates more than 60 project sponsors and student design teams with meaningful design challenges, spanning a two-semester sequence that can start in either the fall semester or the spring semester.

What opportunities does your organization have that could be addressed by a motivated student team?

SPONSORSHIP FEE Corporate project sponsors pay a sponsorship fee, of which up to half is made available to the student team for purchasing materials or other project expenses. The remainder supports program facilities, staff, and overhead. Government agencies, NGOs, and other community groups pay a significantly reduced fee and any project material costs.

TIME COMMITMENT The involvement of the project sponsor is a key factor in the success of the project. Great project sponsors will commit approximately one-hour every other week to support the student team and ensure a touch point with the team (face-to-face meeting, Zoom or Skype call, etc.) In addition, we also welcome any training or on-site resources that you can make available to the students.

GETTING STARTED Check out our website at https://capstone.mines.edu/project-sponsorship/ for additional information on becoming a sponsor or send an email to deisgn@mines.edu to start exploring opportunities with program staff.

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GENERAL INFORMATION DESIGN SHOWCASE

JUDGES’ AGENDA Time Description Location

7:30 – 9:00 Welcome Breakfast sponsored by the CSM Foundation, plus Judge Registration / Check-in

Student Center Grand Ballroom

8:30 – 9:00 Judge Registration / Check-in (if not attending the breakfast)

Lockridge Arena, Student Recreation Center

9:00 – 11:00 Design Showcase Lockridge Arena, Student Recreation Center

FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND

A floor plan of the Design Showcase is included in the front of this program for your convenience.

JUDGES’ LOUNGE

Snacks and beverages are available for judges in the Judges Lounge, directly across from the doors to Lockridge Arena. Please feel free to take a break from talking with the teams and grab a beverage or snack in the lounge at any time.

SCORING

We seek to achieve consistency in project evaluations between judges. With that in mind, the Capstone Design faculty have developed the scoring ballot to aid your judging. Each evaluation category includes prompting descriptions to guide the evaluation process. To evaluate a team, please select one of the descriptive words for each evaluation criteria. Scores are automatically tallied within the balloting system; you do not need to provide a numeric assessment.

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SPRING 2019 DESIGN PROJECTS

This semester, we are proud to present the work of 52 design teams, some of which are represented by multiple sub-teams, at the Capstone Design@Mines Spring 2019 Design Showcase. A list of the student design teams is provided below. In addition, each team has provided a short synopsis of their design challenge, which you will find in the following pages.

Team Number

Project

Team Number

Project

1 ASCE Steel Bridge Team 24 Prosthetic Arm Shooting Assistant

3 SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition 25 Field and Stream Outdoor Sports Adaptations

4 NASA RASC-AL Moon to Mars Ice & Prospecting Challenge 26 Wearable FES Device

5 NASA Robotic Mining Competition 27 Accessible Welding Table

6 ASCE Concrete Canoe Competition 28 Adaptive Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic Fly Fishing Device

7 AIAA Design, Build, Fly Competition 29a HCDS: Tow Stroller

8 Shell Eco-Marathon 29b HCDS: Socks for Hawks – Protective Raptor Booties

9 NASA 3D Printed Habitat Challenge 29c HCDS: Protective Cover for Transfemoral Prosthesis

11 Colorado State Patrol Accident Reconstruction Vehicle 29d HCDS: More for your MOAR

12 Connecting People with Mobility Challenges 29e HCDS: Adaptable Pedal Bar

13 RMNP - Beaver Meadows Water System 29f HCDS: Handcycle Grips

14 Bent’s Old Fort Trail and Bridge Project 29g HCDS: Backcountry Rickshaw

15 Everest Trekking Route Toilet 30 Floyd Hill Groundwater Planning

16 Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottages 31 Adventure Elementary Outdoor Learning Park

17 Adonkia Community Learning Center 32 Orion Crew System Components Design

18 GoFarm Gen 2 Container 33 Seismic Wall Sleeve

19 Village Power-Up 34 Lightning Suppression Flange with Isolation Monitor

20 Clean Accessible Water 35 Multi-Copter Supply Aircraft

21 Water Purification and Conveyance System 36 McKinstry - Mines Campus Energy Assessment

22 Clean River Design Challenge - Team Trash Trouts 37 Wind Farm MV Power Collection System

Design

23 Prosthetic Arm Accessories Project 38 Next Gen Reverse Osmosis Desalination

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SPRING 2019 DESIGN PROJECTS (continued)

Team Number

Project

Team Number

Project

39 Net Zero Housing Retrofit 46 Water Drone – Water Quality & Flow Measurement

40 CANVAS Technology Autonomous Cart 48 Undertray for Formula SAE

41 RF Antenna/Sensor 49 Clean River Design Challenge

42 Remote Sensing and Data Analytics 50 Ultrasonic 3D Metals Printer

43a Electric Downhole Tractor 51 Mines’ Music Room Lighting and Sound Grid

43b FracOPTIMAL3 – Disruptive Downhole Tractors 52 Mobile Vehicle Topper

43c Downhole Tractor – Hydraulic Team 53 Predator Ridge Puzzle Box

44 Tall Wood Building - Shake & Bake 54 Predator Ridge Puzzle Box

45 Retrofit of Coolbaugh Hall 55 Prosthetic Air Pocket System

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F18-01 | ASCE Steel Bridge Team

The ASCE Steel Bridge Competition challenges students to construct a steel bridge in an annual competition. The competition involves teams designing a steel bridge and assembling the bridge as fast and efficiently as possible. Bridges typically span about twenty feet and must carry 2500 pounds without failing or deflecting more than three inches. The competition is held on the regional and then the national level, with participants from universities across the US.

Transcending classroom instructions, the competition tests students’ ability to take apply material and structural knowledge. The final bridge needed to span twenty-two feet and offset footings. This year’s competition prompt required the team to critically think to overcome design challenges. We needed to optimize the design in order to keep the weight as low as possible while also keeping deflection to a minimum. Once the design was finalized, the team transitioned into the shop to begin the fabrication process. Steel pipes and rods were cut to length and then welded together, following the team’s design.

Once the bridge was completely fabricated, the team transitioned into the final phase of construction. The team has dedicated the remaining time before the competition to decreasing the amount of time required to construct the bridge to competition standards.

Team members: Duane Davidson Jason Husmann Jenna Lucas Jeremy Nguyen Jeff Olson Drey Walburg Advisor & consultants: Jeff Holley Brenna Svoba Sponsor: Zimkor Kiewit

Figure 1: Isometric View of Final Steel Bridge Design

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F18-03 | SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition

F18-04 | NASA RASC-AL Moon to Mars Ice & Prospecting Challenge

The Hyperloop, brainchild of Elon Musk, is a proposed new method of transportation that aims to reduce traffic congestion by connecting high population city pairs, or other popular paired destinations, such as the Denver Airport and Vail Resort. Diggerloop was tasked with designing a Hyperloop pod that will compete for the top-speed title in a 0.8 mile long steel tube while racing on a custom I-beam rail.

The Diggerloop team approached the project as a systems-level design with four core systems. The Propulsion team designed the pod to drive on the top surface via a specialized rubber tire, which is driven by a nearly 500 hp electric motor. This tire is clamped to the rail to increase friction and allow for a higher acceleration. The pod is powered by state-of-the-art battery technology and utilizes a NI cRIO microcontroller to handle the high sampling rates necessary for safe operation of our controls and communication protocol. The Braking team designed a two-part system composed of (1) magnetic eddy current brakes, which provide the initial and primary braking force, and (2) pneumatic actuated friction brakes, used for the secondary braking phase and emergency braking. Stability for the pod is provided via a 3-part stability system that can independently support the weight of the pod, keep the pod aligned on the rail, and prevent detachment from the rail during operation. Fabrication and testing will continue through the summer to support a track test in early fall.

Team members: Kieran Breitner Robin Evans Tyler Fenton Ilan Gerson Seth Green Arthur Jardin Tristan Lee Will Machemer Jordan Miyake Clayton Oehrlein Andrew Pearce Zach Sheldon Aaron Siu Cale Waress Forrest Werner Mandy Whitaker Advisors & consultants: Mr. Karl Grueschow Dr. Kristy Csavina Mr. Darren McSweeney Dr. Andrew Petruska

With the recent discovery that liquid water once populated the surface of Mars and still exists in subterranean quantities today, the challenge of developing technology capable of extracting and utilizing that liquid water has begun with agencies such as NASA leading the charge in the form of sponsoring and funding university teams to design and innovate revolutionary new ways of solving this problem.

NASA has tasked qualifying teams with the specific goal of extracting water from solid ice and assessing subsurface density profiles from simulated Martian subsurface ice. The Mines FIRE Drill (Fluid and Ice Recovery and Evaluation Drill) team utilizes a rotary percussive drill with a sleeve body and a revolutionary heat probe design to drill into Martian simulant and ice. Using forced convection to inundate the subsurface ice, the system will then use a water re-circulation system of reheated water to further melt the ice. The system of recirculation revolutionizes the way subsurface ice can be melted and collected more efficiently than previously design teams.

Our group is 1 of 10 university teams from across the U.S. selected in the final competition held at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton Virginia during June.

Team members: Nathan Vermeer Branden Sage Neary Alexandra Garza Samuel Kincaid William Hayne Jacob Malkin Arvad Budijanto Deep Joshi Advisor & consultants: David Dickson Dr. Angel Abbud-Madrid Sponsor: NASA

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F18-05 | NASA Robotic Mining Competition

F18-06 | ASCE Concrete Canoe

Space Resources will play a vital role in humanity’s expansion into space. The most important of these resources is water. Water can be used for life support, radiation shielding, and most importantly, rocket fuel. Mining water on the moon will help reduce costs and enable deep space exploration. We are designing and building a fully autonomous robot capable of performing mining operations on the Lunar surface. The NASA competition takes place in a simulant that almost exactly mirrors the mechanical properties of real lunar regolith. The robot is designed to survive in these harsh conditions. The goal is to mine 10 kg of gravel, simulating ice, buried under a foot of simulant, and return it to a collection bin. All while navigating simulated Lunar terrain. This will be performed both via teleoperation, and autonomously.

Our robot uses a simple and proven design. Reliability and low mass are the driving constraints. Our excavation system was designed using the experiences of terrestrial mining operations. Our autonomy system uses COTS parts and software designed for industrial automation. Composite structures and additive manufacturing are used to optimize mass. Our design is refined through constant testing and iteration in the newly constructed Mines Lunar Regolith Test Bed.

Team members: Gavin Baird Luke Bowersox Ben Burckel Jacob Drozdowicz John Fuller Carlita Gorham Adam Marcinkowski Colby Moxham Lewis Setter Zach Trott Olivia West

Advisor & consultants: David Dickson

Sponsor: Angel Abbud-Madrid

The 2019 CSM ASCE Concrete Canoe team has worked to produce our exemplary canoe, The Kraken, for competition this year. Our main challenges included developing a new hull design for optimal speed and maneuverability, testing a textured exterior on the canoe to enhance its aesthetic quality, and streamlining the canoe construction process to increase efficiency. These were addressed through numerous innovations, which extend to all subdivisions and milestones of the project.

The team’s most significant innovation this year is the exterior texture on the canoe. After successful preliminary tests, wood-grain textured vinyl was placed inside the prepared final mold to have the canoe’s exterior resemble a wooden boat. The exterior was also made more realistic through application of a sprayable aesthetic concrete mix, dyed brown.

The hull design has been changed significantly from last year, with a flared profile and slight keel to aid in maneuverability. Drag tests performed on the texture indicate that the texture will not significantly reduce speed at competition. Mold construction was also streamlined through a unique process where expanded polystyrene foam (ESP) was traced, cut, and tensioned on a sled system.

Team members: Brandon Bergmann Grant Martin Shelby Palisoul Abbie Steiner Erika Stromerson Emmy Tran Adam Trujillo Lindsey Whittington Advisor & consultants: Jeffrey Holley (PA) Andres Guerra (Consultant) Carly Paige (Consultant) Sponsor: Dillon Davisson (Kiewit)

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F18-07 | AIAA Design, Build, Fly Competition

Every year, the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) produces mission requirements for their Design, Build, Fly competition. Universities across the world design remote-controlled aircraft from scratch, build them in-house, and then compete at the annual flyoff. For this year’s competition, our aircraft was meant to mimic a carrier-launched aircraft. This meant our plane had to have folding wings, a short wheelbase, attack store accommodation, radome accommodation, and short takeoff capability.

The Colorado School of Mines team, Team BurroWorks, approached this problem by finding the limiting factor on our aircraft performance. Through analysis, it was determined that our 10-foot takeoff restriction would be the largest inhibiting factor – therefore the design focused on maximizing lift and takeoff speed. As a result, our final aircraft features a 5.4-foot wingspan, 2 foot chord, a high-lift airfoil, and an approximately 1:1 thrust:weight ratio.

Preliminary testing has put our takeoff speed at about 15 mph, cruise speed around 25 mph, and maximum speed around 50 mph. The motors are capable of pulling about 1.5 kW from the batteries on takeoff and is expected to fly for 7-8 minutes when flying efficiently. It is capable of carrying at least 4 attack stores or one 12-inch diameter radome.

Team members: Robert Frazier Ryan Friedman Adam Matthews Joseph Pearse Benjamin Pemble Joseph Phair Zachary Sparling Jonathon Zimmerman Advisor & consultants: Robert Huehmer

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F18-08 | Shell Eco-Marathon

F18-09 | NASA 3D Printed Habitat Challenge

We are Mines Eco-Works, the Colorado School of Mines team in the 2019 Shell Eco-Marathon Competition. Our team consists of 12 hardworking engineering students - two electrical and nine mechanical. We were tasked with building a car that can compete in the Shell sponsored Eco-Marathon competition. The Shell Eco-Marathon competition is all about efficiency, not speed. So, in order to maximize efficiency, we made our primary goal to create a lightweight car. During the competition, we will have a driver drive a fixed number of laps around the road track at Sonoma Raceway, and the vehicle's efficiency will be calculated after finishing the laps. The team that completes the course with the highest efficiency wins the race. Our car, the H3M, will be three-wheeled with an aluminum chassis and carbon fiber shell. The car's propulsion comes from a brushed, 350W DC motor that is powered by a 24V, 8Ah battery. We have met our goal of being light weight by utilizing aluminum and carbon fiber. This combination has led to significant weight savings when compared to last year’s team.

Team members: Weston Mauz Daniel Dickason Michelle Visconti Evan Daily Arran James Eythan Brynteson Hazen Goodyear Cole Moffitt Chris Ciccarelli Sean Doherty Becca Conway Keenan Willits Advisor & consultants: Bill Sekulic Kyle Hilberg Sponsors: Shell EvoTek Steelhead Composites We are the Mines Martian Manufacturers competing in the NASA 3D Printed

Habitat Challenge. Our ultimate goal is to 3D print concrete habitats for astronauts on Mars. With help from our sponsor, Icon, we have built our own gantry-style concrete printer that has a 23 by 25-foot base and stands over 15 feet high. Throughout the year, we have designed a Martian habitat that can sustain four astronauts for one year without resupply. We have also developed our own unique concrete mix using materials naturally found on Mars. The final stage of the Challenge involves 3D printing a 1:3 scale model of the habitat at an on-site competition against other universities and companies from around the world.

Team members: Bryce Bartolomeo Ben English Geoffrey Keating Garon Kirschbaum Grant McHargue Nicole Stackhouse Advisor & consultants: David Dickson Dr. Christopher Dreyer Sponsor: Icon

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F18-11 | Colorado State Patrol Accident Reconstruction Vehicle

A SolidWorks model of our system

Millions of Americans rely on vehicles for transportation. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), a car crash occurs every minute somewhere in the United States. Regardless of the outcome of a crash, it is important to be able to determine what caused the crash and who was at fault to assist with legal proceedings and insurance claims. The people responsible for investigating cause and fault are law enforcement officers. Like any profession, officers require training to learn how to do their jobs. We have designed and built a system to assist with this training for the Colorado State Patrol.

The system will allow state troopers to remotely control a car to reconstruct crashes as part of their training program. Currently, cars are manually positioned and pushed together using other vehicles to cause a collision. This is done at low speeds and requires trial and error work to successfully cause a collision, which can take a lot of time. Our design will allow cars to be crashed while traveling at higher speeds and will drastically decrease the time needed to reconstruct a crash. This project offered technical challenges ranging from machining custom aluminum parts to interfacing with a PS4 controller, transmitting the user’s commands wirelessly, and using them to control motors which manipulate the steering wheel and pedals.

Team members: Austin (Uhing) Promenschenkel Paul Quintana Sam Slusser Jennifer Compton Charles Courtad Brennan Smith Cameron Schade Carter Hohne Brian Hanagan Austin Crumb Rafe McAtee Jacob Gerecht Advisor & consultants: Robin Steele Sponsor: Colorado State Patrol

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F18-12 | Connecting People with Mobility Challenges

F18-13 | RMNP - Beaver Meadows Water System

The City and County of Denver seeks to address the diverse transportation needs of a growing population in 2019. Increasing transportation efficiency requires understanding the unique ways individuals utilize public transportation services to meet their daily needs and ensuring these services are accessible to everyone. Our team is working with Denver Smart City to address the needs of visually impaired pedestrians in order to create more accessible and inclusive modes of transportation. After completing user interviews to better understand how visually impaired individuals navigate the city and connect to their environment, our team identified the need for creating a new avenue for sharing information at bus stops.

Team members: Paul Stanfel Gabi Choi Dylan Eberhard Syahirah Saharudin Elizabeth Sampley Joshua Urbonas Advisor & consultants: Susan Anderson Emily Silverman Kevin Coyne Sponsor: Denver Smart City

For the millions of people who visit Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) every year, having access to clean water is as important as ever. As the current water treatment system became outdated, the park faced renewed concerns about water quality. Three alternatives were presented to solve this problem: upgrading the current water treatment plant, connecting the park’s water system to the town of Estes Park, and a hybrid option combining the two previous alternatives.

After evaluation of environmental, health, and economic factors for all three options and delivering a feasibility study, the first alternative was chosen for design. This design of an updated water treatment plant uses filtration media to address iron content that exceeds maximum contaminant levels. The system will also help mitigate the formation of disinfectant byproducts.

Team members: Kristen Brandecker Stephen Foster Christian Kappel Joon Moon Adam Morroni Charles Ramey Kaitlyn Sengenberger Advisor & consultants: Bahman Rejai, CSM PA AdEdge Water Technologies Sponsor: National Park Service

The “Talking Bus Stop” (TBS) will:

1. Receive real time bus data from RTD web services.

2. Using a text-to-speech module, output real time data including gate number, bus route, and arrival times.

3. Provide audible location information via Bluetooth

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F18-14 | Bent’s Old Fort Trail and Bridge Project

F18-15 | Everest Trekking Route Toilet

Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site in La Junta commemorates the former Santa Fe Trail trading hub and staging area for the Mexican-American War in 1846. The reconstructed fort and surrounding area are currently open to visitors for tours, demonstrations, and nature walks on its trail. This design project was proposed to our team to improve the visitor experience and accessibility at the site. The primary goal of the project was to design a boardwalk along a stretch of wetlands trail at the park. A boardwalk would allow greater accessibility for all visitors along the trail, especially during periods of the year when this portion of the path is flooded. The secondary goal of the project was to identify an appropriate crossing location along the Arkansas River for a pedestrian bridge and to develop preliminary schematics for the bridge. We have developed a boardwalk design that will span nearly 500 linear feet while allowing increased wetland flow and maintaining ADA accessibility. Included in this design are a wildlife viewing platform and resting area. Additionally, we completed preliminary schematics and abutment calculations for the bridge. This design ties in many features of the park and provides visitors the experience of crossing the former Mexican-American border. The bridge is located adjacent to the boardwalk, designating a focal point in the trail.

Team members: Wyatt Ellis Ashley Johnson Nicole Karasik James Mitchell Joseph Plunkett Logan Schmitt Jake Snyder Advisor & consultants: Lisa Woodward Sponsor: National Park Service

As part of City of Golden’s ongoing partnership with local nonprofit Hike for Help, the Everest Trekking Route Toilet Team was challenged with coming up with an innovative sanitation solution. Currently over 40,000 tourists travel to the Khumbu Valley of Nepal, home to the Everest Base Camp Trail, and there are limited options for public restrooms. This is causing severe environmental degradation and creating a large potential for public health risks to the local people.

Implementing a solution in the Khumbu Valley presents a unique and challenging set of limitations. Approximately 45 sites are planned for this project long term. The suggested locations for these sites span over 40 miles and 9000 ft in vertical elevation gain. There are no roads, and more than half of the sites lack access to water or electricity.

The solution involves technology that separates solid and liquid waste by way of a mechanical conveyor belt. This separation is critical to the feasibility of the solution. Not only does the separation reduce both volume and mass of waste, but it helps prevent the growth of pathogens. It provides additional benefits such as allowing composting in difficult circumstances and reduction of odors.

Team members: Meagan Lundgren Evelyn Lundeen Zachary Moan Nicole Holland Devin Reasoner Megan Freytag Austin Hayes Advisor & consultants: John Persichetti John Spear Sponsor: City of Golden- Anne Beierle

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F18-16 | Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottages

The Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottage team designed and modeled a self-sustaining eco-village to help generate a sustainable source of revenue for the Maya-Itzá community in Guatemala. The project was broken down into three technical subsystems that addressed water, power, and living accommodations. In addition, extensive community engagement focused on incorporating feedback from the villagers and sustaining the Maya-Itzá culture. While the technical subsystems were interconnected and complex, it was the community outreach that lent this project its unique flair. The team traveled to the site in Guatemala and maintained communication with the community to investigate the site, hold a community meeting, and ensure that the final design represented the goals of the Bio-Itzá community. After overcoming technical challenges and narrowing the scope of the project, the team and community collaborated on a design of three cottages with rain catchment and off-grid power systems. The design also included retrofitting an existing structure, building a storage structure to house the power system, and designing a pavilion for medicinal plant workshops. The team has been thrilled to collaborate with the Maya-Itzá community and is proud to present an interactive scale model, construction drawings, marketing deliverables, and future recommendations to contribute to the community’s mission for conservation and preserving their culture.

Team members: Meghan Anderson Noah Au-Yeung Lukas Erickson Maggie Guinta Rebecca Jewell Spencer Schrandt Blake Standley Dot Walch Advisor & consultants: Robin Steele Sponsor: Bio-Itzá “Preserve the Force” Fund and Phia Lab

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F18-17 | Adonkia Community Learning Center

F18-18 | GoFarm Gen 2 Container

SCENE Sierra Leone aims to provide access to education for the community of Adonkia in Sierra Leone. Adonkia is a community that desires education, yet the school system in Sierra Leone is often expensive and unreliable. Additionally, there is currently no place for adults to receive an education or for the community to learn computer skills. The Adonkia Community Learning Center is a center for education for both children and adults. The building design includes 2 open plan classrooms, a library, a computer skills lab, and a community garden.

Our design is a collaborative effort with the community to create a learning center that best fits their wants and needs. The project is designed to be built with local materials and labor, which will provide the community with income. The center is low cost and efficient by utilizing renewable energy using local solar power resources and integrating passive cooling into the building design. Additionally, it will provide a sustainable source for clean drinking water using a filter that will be made and maintained in Adonkia. The center also has supplementary water storage during the 7 months year that has no rain water.

This project aims to support and empower to community of Adonkia and create a sustainable resource that can be used by the community for years to come.

Team members: Kristen Baker Benjamin Lin Trevor Lockman Stephen Reed Jared Rodriguez April Wood Advisor & consultants: Robin Bullock Sponsor: SCENE Sierra Leone

The goals of the project were to reduce the environmental footprint and energy demand of the GoFarm refrigerated shipping containers. These goals support GoFarm’s mission to increase access to more affordable local food for everyone in Colorado, while offering a fair market price to local farmers for their product.

The Gen 2 Container reduces its environmental impact by producing energy through solar panels. We strove to increase community engagement with GoFarm stakeholders by providing solutions that reinforced GoFarm’s mission. This collaboration between GoFarm and Mines is a continuation of Mine’s strategic partnership with GoFarm to promote food justice and access in Golden.

Team members: Mary Lobato Denver Luttrell Nathaniel Morrison Colton Synder Kevin Szuch Jonathan Vinton Advisor & consultants: Jeff Meurer Anthony Halsch Sponsor: GoFarm - Eileen O’Rourke

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F18-19 | Village Power-Up

Global Volunteers is a non-profit organization that has launched the Reaching Children’s Potential program in Ipalamwa, Tanzania to tend to the community’s epidemic of childhood stunting. In hopes to expand their humanitarian efforts provided for the mothers and children of Ipalamwa, they have expressed interested in extending their outreach to improving the quality of life for the entirety of the community. Thus, Ruth Curran from Global Volunteers has engaged the team to explore the potential need for electrification in the village.

After a thorough assessment of community outreach of surveys and an on-site visit to Ipalmawa, the team came to a consensus on a final design concept of the power pavilion. The design is a centralized power system enabling locals’ access to electricity sentient of cultural impact. With the existing use and access of cell phones already in place within the village, the pavilions will provide power needed to charge personal electronic devices as well as batteries. The system will be generated by solar panels integrated into the roof of the charging hub as this energy source is readily viable and favored by the community. The proposed concept was designed to be scalable and sustainable to ensure relevancy to not only to Ipalamwa, but to other villages associated with Global Volunteers in hopes of potential replication.

Team members: Khalissa Surghani Joseph Popp Keenan Urmann Evan Schertz Advisor & consultants: John Persichetti Michael Yost Dr. Pankaj Sen Sponsor: Global Volunteers - Ruth Curran

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F18-20 | Clean Accessible Water

F18-21 | Water Purification and Conveyance System

The purpose of this project was to design improvements to a pipeline system carrying water from a small river to a village called Ipalamwa in central Tanzania. In addition, the team was asked to add a water filter to the system.

Our solution includes three parts: an intake structure at the river, an improved pipeline system going from the river to the village, and a water filter at the village. The intake structure consists of a Ogee weir and a Coanda screen to prevent debris such as soil, leaves, or other organic material from entering the pipeline. The filter is a slow-sand filter located in a central location in Ipalamwa. It removes both pathogens and viruses and requires minimal maintenance.

Team members: Emily Bagnell Megan Coney Rennosuke Hankawa Braeden Grimsby Nick Markwirth Michael Maxwell Alice Wilbur Advisor & consultants: Lisa Woodward - Project Advisor Sponsor: Ruth Curran - Global Volunteers

Clean drinking water is a valuable but limited resource. Across the globe, approximately 780 million people do not have access to a sanitary drinking water source. As a result, millions of people are exposed to waterborne diseases such as: Cholera, bilharzia, stomach ulcers and ultimately death. Studies conducted by the World Health Organization indicate that sub-Saharan Africa has one of the lowest coverages of sanitary water at 31%. In an effort to provide two Malawi villages with clean water, Team Malawi paired up with Fresh Water Project International (FPI) for the Water Conveyance and Purification Project. The objective of the project is to provide the villages of Muhiyo and Margareta in Malawi, Africa with a purification system to clean water from a borehole. Team Malawi has designed two filter systems that are low cost, culturally acceptable, locally sourced, and effective in purifying water. The first method involves filtration using folded chitenge, a cloth commonly worn by Malawian women. The alternative method is the use of a multi-media filter consisting of multiple layers of filtration media housed by five-gallon plastic buckets. The results demonstrate that the filter systems are effective in trapping potentially dangerous microorganisms.

Team members: Davies Alongo Denise Beltran Rachel Chaggaris John Clary Griffin Mulvaney Acacia Ortiz Advisor & consultants: Mark Florida Chris Bellona Sponsor: Heidi Rickels Freshwater Project International

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F18-22 | Clean River Design Challenge-Team Trash Trouts

F18-23 | Prosthetic Arm Accessories Project

Trash and debris in urban waterways pose a threat not only to the integrity of the environment, but also to the water quality in the City of Denver. Team Trash Trouts was tasked with designing and prototyping a trash collection and removal device to function in the South Platte River, near Confluence Park. The Clean River Design Challenge is a competition split into two parts. The first semester focused on the design of the device, and the second semester focused on building and testing a prototype. In the first semester, Team Trash Trouts created the Trash Trap, a dual cage and boom system that allows for collection of trash and easy removal by a rail system mounted to a concrete wall on the side of the river. The design allowed for easy maintenance as well as effective collection of trash. In the first round of the competition, Team Trash Trouts was the first-place team. In the second semester, the team focused on building and testing a scaled prototype in preparation for the competition at the Bureau of Reclamation in April. During this time, the team focused on ensuring that the removal functionality of the device was operational. This testing and iteration allowed for the success of Team Trash Trouts in the second round of the competition.

Team members: Kent Scott Natalie Haber Matt Hansing Isaac Jimenez Jr. Sean Kelly Jack McNamara Advisor & consultants: Lisa Woodward Sponsor: Lauren Berent Devon Buckels

Taylor Morris is military veteran who served as an EOD technician in Afghanistan. After stepping on an IED which resulted in the loss of all four limbs, he began a long journey back to independence. Taylor currently uses a myoelectric prosthetic arm and struggles picking up pens and knives, pointing to things, lighting his wood stove, and finding things in the dark. For this reason, he wanted to integrate a pen, knife, lighter, laser pointer, and flashlight into his prosthetic arm. As a team, we successfully integrated these daily use objects directly into his current prosthetic arm using only mechanical forms of actuation. The operation of each tool requires two discernible movements. Along with locking mechanisms, this ensures safe use and storage of all tools. The product provides Taylor with direct access to the daily use items without altering his myoelectric prosthetic function. Access to these tools increases Taylor’s independence and provides for a higher quality of life.

Team members: Michael Agostini Gangwish Matthew Becker Thomas Hall Ryan Manning John Nabholz Advisor & consultants: Robin Bullock Zach Harvey Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL +) Taylor Morris

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F18-24 | Prosthetic Arm Shooting Assistant

F18-25 | Field and Stream Outdoor Sports Adaptations

Team Fully Armed was commissioned by Quality of Life Plus to create a rifle adaptation to return traditional shooting capabilities to Jorge Segura, a Marine who received an upper arm amputation from injuries sustained during combat. With this came a set of goals, including creating a safe adaptation, and an ambidextrous solution, as well as set of constraints, including but not limited to the team’s technical ability and access to resources.

The final solution is a mechanical linkage bar system between the firearm’s trigger and an ambidextrous foretrigger. A custom 3D printed foregrip was created for the end user’s firearm, allowing the additional trigger to be installed and used as part of the solution. Actuating the forward trigger causes the linkage bar system to slide backwards, which actuates the standard trigger. This allows the end user to fire a firearm with their dominant eye while shooting in a non-dominant eye hand configuration or vice-versa.

We’d like to thank Quality of Life Plus and Court Allen for this opportunity to improve Mr. Segura’s quality of life.

Team members: Jon Heier Delaney Henry Chanise Hoffmann Kassidy Knutson Harrison Koh Averie Mansfield Advisor & consultants: Sue Anderson Court Allen Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL +)

The mission of Quality of Life Plus is to foster and generate innovations that aid and improve the quality of life for those who have served our country. To fulfill this mission, Quality of Life Plus delivered three separate challenges for the team to complete:

1. design a release adaptation to allow individuals without hand function to shoot a compound or recurve bow

2. design a device that allows quadriplegic users to fish in any capacity 3. design an adaptation that assists quadriplegic and paraplegic users in

the pursuit of effectively shooting trap and skeet.

The team was broken up into three subgroups to address these three challenges separately. The subgroups developed the following solutions:

(Adaptive Release) (Sip n’ Puff Fishing Pole) (Adaptive Shooting Stand)

Team Members: Ian Cheatum Sean Fennig Mali Glaister Nickolas DeBruyn Monica Hoskins Zīle Humeyumptewa Nicole Demby Gunnar Englund Kody Gabossi Luke Golter Cole Kuzawa Colin Morris Joseph Virga

Advisor & Consultants: Donna Bodeau Court Allen Bob Adwar

Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL +)

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F18-26 | Wearable FES Device

F18-27 | Accessible Welding Table

The goal of this project is to research and design a wearable medical device which uses electric current to induce functional muscle contraction in patients. Many of the patients treated at Craig Hospital experience a loss of the ability to contract muscle groups, ranging from a single muscle to full paralysis. The inability to willingly contract muscles can result in atrophy. This project aims to aid these patients by providing a low cost, open source, and portable solution for muscle stimulation. Our design fulfills this goal by providing a compact and modular Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) device. It has two channels for muscle stimulation that can be controlled by the user interface. The controls system generates signals from user inputs which get fed to the power amplification system. This system amplifies the signal using MOSFETs and transformers; it connects it to the patient using standard leads. The housing is designed to keep users from accessing dangerous circuitry while maintaining functionality. Safety, one of the most important subsystems, has system-wide integration. There are triggers in the controls to shut down the device if an input signal is not in a specified range as well as diodes in the circuit to cut off the signal from the patient if power exceeds limitations. Extensive testing was completed on substitute skin models using laboratory equipment; this allowed for multiple iterations of the device until a desirable outcome was reached.

Team members: Annelyse Baker Kara Burton Jay Drobnick Alex Santilli Dakota Showman Triston Sisneros Advisor & consultants: Dr. Kristine Csavina Patrick Wagner Sponsor: Craig Hospital

The goal of this project was to construct an accessible welding bench to facilitate welding for someone in a wheelchair with reduced function. Most welders are able to move themselves around the workpiece; however, this is difficult for wheelchair users and paraplegics.

The welding table is height adjustable from 13”-43.5” in order to accommodate a wide range of accessibility needs, which includes manual and powered wheelchair users as well as full paraplegics with limited trunk stability. This table also includes a 30” overhung turntable which helps the welder access all sides of a workpiece without repositioning or sacrificing comfort and stability. Also, with operator safety being a primary concern, the stabilizing legs and safety bar mitigate any risk of the table tipping or collapsing while in use.

The 5/8” perforations are common on any industrial welding table for making jigs and using standard clamps, but the heavy-duty features catered to facilitating accessibility are completely unique to this design. This welding bench is not only for Craig Engineering’s use but will be utilized in the Hospital’s rehabilitation program for injured tradesmen and any other patient who wants to learn the craft. The team has been grateful to assist Craig Hospital with this project and is proud of the finished product.

Team members: Brennan King Drewe Lee Weston Stong Wyatt Kinion Advisor & consultants: Dr. Kristine Csavina Prof. Jim Wong Dr. Anthony Petrella Patrick Wagner Sponsor: Craig Hospital

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F18-28 | Adaptive Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic Fly Fishing Device

F18-29a | HCDS: Tow Stroller

Challenge: To create a device that would enable a paralyzed individual being guided down a river to fly fish. User interface is outside the project scope.

Our Unique Solution:

Team Reel deal’s solution to this challenge is simple yet robust. With space and weight limitations, the team needed to consider every design factor carefully. The final product demonstrates the abilities of this team perfectly. Through maximization of stock parts and skillful machining the team saved money where necessary while also achieving the capabilities desired. Pairing advanced custom feedback control with two separate geared drivetrains enables fly fishing functions including false casting, setting a hook, line retrieval, and most importantly a concise cast. The team accomplished everything from human cast analysis to providing a final prototype both under budget and within the allotted time.

Next Steps: To enable quad/tetra users to fly fish this system will be installed on the raft frame with a user interface. Development of the interface system by a separate team dictates completion around summer 2020.

Team members: Joseph Bartman Allee Zarrini Quinn Wallace Keith Fox John Ebers Alejandro Mendoza Advisor & consultants: Dr. Kristine Csavina Patrick Wagner Sponsor: Craig Hospital

Lydia is a little girl with intractable epilepsy, brain malformations, and diminished white matter. While she does not have a definitive diagnosis, she is thought to have a type of leukodystrophy.

Lydia’s family enjoys being outdoors; and some common family activities often include going for walks both on paved pathways and rocky trails. She has specialized chairs for different activities such as a jogging stroller and a pull-behind bike trailer. Although Lydia’s current wheelchair keeps her in comfortable position and has all of the necessary devices to keep her safe and secure, it lacks the ability to traverse over gravel or sand.

Our design provides sufficient stability, safety, and utility specified to Lydia’s needs, as well as the user. The device frame maintains at least a 30-degree angle, which is the most comfortable for Lydia. The mono-wheel and body harness allows the user to tow Lydia comfortably as well and maneuver well on any terrain on the family’s favorite trails. Various attachments can be used for storage, feeding, and shade.

Team members: Maggie Paran Cassidy Wurth Erik Backman Madayln Eustis Cody Ullestad Advisor & consultants: Joel Bach Chelsea Salinas Mark & Danae Whipp Sponsor: Mines HCDS

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F18-29b | HCDS: Socks for Hawks – Protective Raptor Booties

F18-29c | HCDS: Protective Cover Transfemoral Prosthesis

Our team in the Human Centered Design Studio broadened our focus from people to animals. We have been designing a bootie system to protect raptor’s feet while in captivity. Despite trying to mimic nature, simulated environments tend to be rougher on raptors and can lead to a condition called Bumblefoot, where blisters and lacerations can form on the bottom of raptor’s feet. Bumblefoot is difficult to treat and prevent. Current methods involve restraining the hawk to wrap their feet using medical tape, but this is time and material intensive. Our goal, therefore, is to create an easy to apply bootie system that protects the raptor’s foot for healing, but still allowing the raptor full use of its foot.

Our design involves a combination of antimicrobial neoprene, nylon, and spandex to protect and pad the foot from irritations. The neoprene is placed directly underfoot since that zone requires the most protection. Additionally, the antimicrobial properties help prevent infection as the foot begins to heal. Spandex forms the body of the bootie, as it is breathable and form fitting. Nylon wraps the openings to form a comfortable closure and help keep debris out. We have worked closely with our client to provide an easy to use and practical bootie for the raptor.

Team members: Emma Bennett Madalyn Eustis Kamren Wong Brad Ingle Bea Uy Sam Mestaes Alex Blanchard Advisor & consultants: Anne Price Chelsea Salinas Sponsor: Human Centered Design Studio/ Raptor Education Foundation

This project addresses the limiting regulations of the current gaming commission, which does not allow people with prosthetics to participate in boxing competitions. Their concern involves the possibility of a player being knocked out, falling on their opponent’s prosthetic, and then developing a serious injury outside of the spirit of the sport. The purpose of this project is to manufacture a cover in order to convince the gaming commission of the safety of prosthetics while boxing competitively.

This design has combined several materials in order to create a cover that performs equal to or better than a non-prosthetic leg in impact testing. The final product has been designed to be thin and lightweight as to not impose on any movement from the user. Regulation foam commonly used in football has been implemented as to further the case to the commission for safety. The overarching goal of this project is to allow the design to be used in any competitive contact sport. Since the top portion of transfemoral prosthetics vary greatly in size and shape, another portion of this project involves making a more universal design through a modified girdle. This will allow anyone to put on a girdle for upper leg protection and still be able to use a one-size-fits-most cover for the lower leg region.

Team members: Madalyn Eustis Malua Young Jacob Naranjo Regan Long Advisor & consultants: Dr. Chelsea Salinas Dr. Joel Bach Sponsor: Human Centered Design Studio QL+

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F18-29d | HCDS: More for your MOAR

F18-29e | HCDS: Adaptable Pedal Bar

The mission of the Human Centered Design Studio at Colorado School of Mines is to enable individuals, particularly those with disabilities, to try new activities and/or push their performance limits for the sports and recreations in which they are already involved. The goal of the MOAR electrical bike is to provide an attachment to allow individuals with balance limitations the ability to independently ride through rough terrain without requiring thought on balance, fatigue, or overall leg use.

This project engineers adaptive equipment necessary to enable accessibility for riders of all abilities Our design focuses on user-deployable stabilizing wheels to offer support and balance during periods of low speeds and takeoff, specifically for those who have restricted use of their legs.

The design used in this project also presents the possibility to be scaled to a commercial level. Future adaptations may include deployable stabilization that can sense speed and deploy autonomously. Additionally, future MOAR stabilization systems could easily incorporate a bucket seat for those with more severe balance restrictions.

Team members: Bradley Ingle Malua Young Jacob Naranjo Gabriella Emery Mark Barr Caroline Fuschino Alyssa Boll Advisor & consultants: Dr. Joel Bach Dr. Chelsea Salinas Sponsor: Human Centered Design Studio

Our project aims to create a pedal bar enabling participation of persons with various physical impairments. The design will allow users of all physical abilities (paraplegics, hemiplegics, amputees, etc.) to enjoy the thrilling experience of a pedal bar. Our design accomplishes this by incorporating a lifting mechanism and adaptable foot and hand pedal configurations. The lifting mechanism will allow people unable to use traditional bike seats, mainly wheelchair users, to participate in the pedal bar experience. While the lift will enable wheelchair use, it will also support the use of a traditional bike seat. The adaptable pedal configurations will feature both synchronous and asynchronous pedaling depending on the user’s preference and ability. The pedal configurations will also enable the pedaling of hemiplegics, as they have limited use of one side of their body. This will be accomplished by designing the pedals to be used individually, allowing the user to pedal with one hand and one leg if needed.

While there is no other pedal bar design that allows adaptable use, this design will be more unique by utilizing a completely electronic drive system. Most pedal bars use a mechanical drive system, but ours will power an electric drivetrain. The electrical system is designed to mimic the energy required to pedal up or down a hill.

Team members: Samantha Mestaes Kamren Wong Beatrice Uy Amanda Etcheverry Daniel McElroy Katie Leiker Mason Wilie Regan Long Kevin Santos Advisor & consultants: Joel Bach Chelsea Salinas Sponsor: Human Centered Design Studio

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F18-29f | HCDS: Handcycle Grips

F18-29g | HCDS: Backcountry Rickshaw

The Human Centered Design Studio at Mines is a multidisciplinary senior design group centered around designing adaptive equipment for people with some sort of disability. The studio is partnered with Quality of Life Plus (QL+) to bring in veterans, active duty military, first responders, law enforcement officers, and intelligence officers with life-altering injuries as clients for various projects.

Our group is working with QL+ to improve upon traditional handcycle grips with the intent to make the sport more accessible. Most handcycle grips are metal rods with limited size and cover options, which tend to be uncomfortable for first time users. Our inspiration came from the belief that, much like how able-bodied cyclists need shoes that fit for a comfortable ride, handcyclists should have the option to use a grip that is fitted to them. To accomplish this goal, we decided to create a customizable set of handgrips that can be easily adjusted to fit any rider and are more comfortable for long distance use. Our design incorporates the hand’s natural grip and allows the user to change the grip’s size to fit their need. The grips were tested on handcycles with experienced users to ensure the grips met their needs.

Team members: Erik Backman Drew Johnson Emma Bennett Eric Podraza Advisor & consultants: Dr. Joel M. Bach Dr. Chelsea Salinas Sponsor: HCDS and QL+

The Breckenridge Outdoor Education Center (BOEC) is a nonprofit organization that takes clients with various disabilities on outdoor adventures. The employees found that the wheelchairs they were using to transport clients with ambulation issues to climbing areas were not sufficient. Employees were unable to maneuver through tight rock fields and the wheelchairs were extremely difficult to push up steep hills. Jaime Overmyer of the BOEC presented this project to the team at the beginning of the fall semester. In the following months the team developed the idea for the Backcountry Rickshaw. The rickshaw consists of a reverse tricycle design with two small wheels in the front and one large wheel just behind the seat. This allows the device to be tipped back on one wheel like a wheelbarrow to fit in narrow gaps between rocks. Two BOEC employees propel the rickshaw, rather than one, to allow for easy operation, and it is small enough and lightweight to allow for easy transport in a pickup truck. Additionally, the device employs a dead man brake, so the employees do not need to constantly hold it steady on slight hills. Ultimately, the team feels the Backcountry Rickshaw succeeds as a safe, easy to use alternative to a wheelchair for rough and uneven terrain.

Team members: Eric Podraza Matthew LeBeau Thomas Van Hoesen Victoria Martinez-Vivot Gavin Rudy (Graduated) Blake Parker (Graduated) Advisor & consultants: Joel Bach Chelsea Salinas Jaime Overmyer Sponsor: Breckenridge Outdoor Education Center (BOEC)

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F18-30 | Floyd Hill Groundwater Planning

F18-31 | Adventure Elementary Outdoor Learning Park

• Problem Addressed o Estimate the volume of groundwater stored in the Floyd Hill area

and its characteristics. This includes determining the sources of water in the aquifers, the recharge rate, and the effects of a possible development.

• Analyzed the Water Supply with Several Techniques

o Well depth testing and water quality testing (cations and anions) in the field around the Floyd Hill area.

o 3D map of the historic well depths off the drilling permits using ArcGIS to show the geographic profile of the area.

o Created basic hydrogeologic model for the area.

Team members: Cassidy Budge Gabe Gonzales Jonah Howe Katie Kerstiens Anna Kollmorgen Nicole Rooney Austin Toussaint Advisor & consultants: Bahman Rejai, CSM Michael Gabora, DHI Sponsor: SOLVE

Mapleton public school district, which serves a community north of Denver, asked our senior design team to assist them with two projects simultaneously. The first was to investigate groundwater that periodically infiltrated the previous Adventure Elementary School building, which was often followed by a sewer smell. The second was to design an outdoor learning park that would be both fun and informative for the students at Adventure Elementary School.

The groundwater investigation determined that shallow clay layers in the soil were responsible for slowing the flow of water underground. During heavy rainfalls, this would cause the water to infiltrate the old school building. Further investigation determined that the new Adventure elementary school building has adequate draining to withstand a 100-year flood. It was also determined the sewer smell was the result of microbial processes underground, that flourish occasionally under optimal conditions, such as warm weather and heavy rainfall.

The outdoor learning park design will consist of 2 tower-like play structures that will incorporate different ‘add-ons’, interactive learning objects and objectives. Having met with the students of Adventure elementary for feedback, our proposed add-ons are: Fossil path, bird feeder, weather station, zip line, climbing wall, and slide.

Team members: Emma Miller Matthew Morris Zachery Peterson Laurel Sherman Heather Tat Madeline Woody Advisor & consultants: John Persichetti Kurt Munding Sponsor: Adventure Elementary School (Mapleton School District)

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F18-32 | Orion Crew System Components Design

F18-33 | Seismic Wall Sleeve

Over the course of the last two semesters we were tasked with developing an exercise machine for use on the Orion capsule. The is a necessary addition to the capsule because of how quickly an astronaut’s body will deteriorate while living in a zero-gravity environment. Because of how limited the space is inside the capsule though we also had to ensure that the machine could fit within a certain volume, and the machine had to be useable by people of all shapes and sizes.

In order to ensure we met all of the design specifications we split up into sub-groups, each focusing on a different element of the machine. Those subsystems were the axel/flywheels, the frame, and other fixtures. The axel and flywheels are the main feature of our machine as they will be used to generate the force in different exercise routines. In order to maximize the size of the flywheel, and therefore the force it generates, the frame subsystem built their design around the flywheel. The fixtures team then developed everything else required to improve the usability of the machine, while also ensuring it could be adjusted so anyone could use it regardless of their height.

Team members: Spencer Tappen Benjamin Arledge-Bottlinger Connor Glatt Mitchell Sachs Patrick Lewis Humlicek Rob Patterson Ursula Vold Advisor & consultants: James Beseda Travis DeSair Sponsor: Lockheed Martin

We were tasked with creating a wall penetration seal for pipes that would allow deflection within a wall penetration to lessen the need for exact specifications in pipe installation and be able to withstand seismic activity. This seal needs have the ability to be installed before or after the pipe installation in a building. These seals create a permanent seal for pipes to protect against water, soil or backfill material entering. Our design was made to keep the integrity of the seal while offering flexibility that will prevent damage if seismic activity were to occur.

The design for the inner layer of the seal focuses on using a flexible nylon material with a zipper to allow for easy installation on existing pipes. The cone-like design of the nylon allows some fabric to be unstressed in order to allow the pipe to easily deflect within the wall penetration. This feature gives pipe installation some leeway in case that the pipe isn’t in the exact position predicted. The design for the outer layer features a modular shell to interface with the modular Linkseal product already sold by the client. This layer provides the Linkseal a rigid support to properly seal the gap between the inner layer and the inner surface of a wall penetration.

Team members: Grant Stewart Connor Schwab Justin Finn Clayton Williams Reid Palser Will Huber Cole Schroepfer Advisor & consultants: Aaron Alfano Gabriel Gonzales Sponsor: GPT

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F18-34 | Lightning Suppression Flange with Isolation Monitor

GPT Industries is a leader in providing isolation products made for monolithic isolation joints and bolted flange assemblies to electrically isolate two sections of pipeline for the oil and gas industry. Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals come into contact under the presence of an electrolyte. Electrically isolating the two sections of pipe increases the longevity of the pipeline and decreases maintenance costs.

A solid-state decoupling device is used to inhibit a DC voltage, applied via cathodic protection, from conducting across a pipeline flange while allowing AC current to pass across uninhibited. The decoupling devices currently on the market are bulky and lack the ability to monitor the integrity of the device before or after a lightning strike or fault that could occur.

Team Prestige Worldwide created a solid-state decoupler equipped with an integrated monitoring device. The monitoring system indicates when the two sections of pipe are no longer electrically isolated. The device provides protection for GPT’s Isolation Gaskets by preventing a direct current voltage of +/-2 V from passing onto the other side of the pipe while allowing a continuous alternating current of 45 Arms. The final product is a cost-effective device that achieves performance standards while maintaining a minimal profile on pipelines.

Team members: Joseph Millar Robert Jones Landen Cross Patrick Keane Justin Evett Neal Amsberry Alex Valenzuela Marie Morgenthaler Advisor & consultants: Dr. Arkadan Sponsor: GPT Industries

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F18-35 | Multi-Copter Supply Aircraft

The team was tasked to design a drone delivery system to reduce risk to firefighters and emergency personnel during wildfires. The system needed to be simple to use, attach to the DJI M600 Multi-Copter Drone, and be capable of supporting a variety of payloads.

Our system implements a single wire support system with both an upper and lower disconnect. Both disconnects are operational from the drone. The lower hook release interfaces with small duffle bag straps, zip ties, and paracord. This solution easily handles specialty loads including hoses, pumps, tools, first aid equipment and more.

The goal of the system was ease of use. Therefore, the system is interfaced into the drone’s programable controls, allowing for simpler functionality for nontechnical users. The system is able to reel in excess cable upon releasing the delivery. This prevents snagging or other complications of drone control.

The design provides a versatile drone attachment method for use by the Colorado Fire Department’s Center of Excellence. When implemented, on location personnel will be capable of using the M600 Multi-Copter to deliver supplies directly to the frontline. This will save the firefighters trips for equipment, allowing them to focus their energy on critical tasks.

Team members: Peter Moschetti Daniel Schmerge Joey Roselli Chris Chmura Zach Orlove Sterling Allea Justin Moris Ian Oberndorfer Rachel Lane Advisor & consultants: Robin Bullock Sponsor: Sierra Nevada Corporation Colorado Center of Excellence for Advanced Technology Ariel Firefighting

M600 Multi-Copter Payload Attachment Assembly Model

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F18-36 | McKinstry - Mines Campus Energy Assessment

F18-37 | Wind Farm MV Power Collection System Design

Colorado School of Mines is known for its dedication to Earth, Energy, and the Environment. In maintaining alignment with these foundational pillars, the University is continually seeking new opportunities to reduce the energy use of the campus facilities. McKinstry, a national leader in designing, constructing, operating and managing high-performing buildings, has partnered with Colorado School of Mines to help investigate energy savings opportunities. McKinstry and the University’s Engineering, Design, and Society Department have tasked a team of Senior Design students to evaluate energy use on campus and explore potential energy conservation projects.

The Mines Campus Energy Assessment Team analyzed campus utility usage, selected target facilities based on this analysis, performed on-site energy audits, and investigated potential energy savings projects. Alderson Hall, Chiller Plant Five, Marquez Hall, and the Center for Technology and Learning Media (CTLM) all underwent an in-depth auditing process. The team identified cost-effective and impactful energy efficiency measures to decrease utility expenses and the energy usage of the CSM campus. Some of the measures include fume hood retrofits, exhaust fan replacements, variable-frequency-drive installations, building automation control enhancements, and thermal energy storage.

Team members: Richard Aipperspach Anar Baatarsuren Andrew Bocker Cole Casey Chris Cunningham Jack Perrizo Megan Wenham Advisor & consultants: Eric Bonnema Nicole Neals Sponsor:

In the past, converting turbine location data into an ideal underground power collection system has been done iteratively by hand. This is a heavily time-consuming process, despite the fact that the logic required to do so is fairly simple. To solve this problem, a program was created that will take into account possible obstacles and outcomes to create an ideal power collection system.

The team has been able to design a user-friendly program to receive shapefiles from the user and calculate a trench layout with them. These files include turbine data, substation data, and obstacle data. The program connects the turbines together in an optimal layout (minimizing trench length), so that cables are able to avoid major obstacles and utilities. To accomplish this, the team customized their own method for minimizing feeder length. The program is set to then output a technical map of the cable network onto an AutoCAD layer as well as creating a Bill of Materials that details important quantities such as trench length, feet of cable, and junctions. Our solution is unique as it is easy to use, applicable to most wind farms, and reduces the time-consuming decision making that can be done magnitudes quicker by a computer.

Team members: Alexander Dobbs Christopher York Erin Chasen Evan Kruise Sam Cobb Zachary Alspach Advisor & consultants: Dr. Abd Arkadan (Advisor) Dr. Chris Coulston (Consultant) Dr. PK Sen (Consultant) Sponsor: NEI Electric Power Engineering

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F18-38 | Next Gen Reverse Osmosis Desalination

F18-39 | Net Zero Housing Retrofit

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process in which water is forced through a specialized membrane by overcoming the osmotic pressure. A major challenge in developing efficient RO systems is the prevention of scaling (deposition of salt and other particles on the membrane). Scaling blocks membrane area, decreases the flux of water through the membrane, and decreases the overall recovery of the system. The build-up of particles is usually reversible by flushing the system with chemical treatments (typically acids). However, the system cannot not be operated during the flush, costing both time and money. Our sponsor plans to test the effect of feed spacer geometries on the buildup of scale. Feed spacers are crucial components for effective RO cells because they provide structural support to the membrane while also affecting the flow of water in the feed channel. To do this, our team designed flat plate, bench-scale RO system that models a typical, industrial spiral-wound membrane. The design will be used to study the effects of feed spacer geometry on scaling by continuously collecting data and observation through a window in the cell. The system is designed to run autonomously via LabVIEW for several hours.

Team members: Robert Berrens Austin Bewley Sarah Engert Olivia Eppler Jacob Fantauzzi James Hinshaw Jonathan O’Grady Advisor & consultants: Robert Huehmer Sponsor: Dr. Nils Tilton

Renewables are becoming an important facet to the future of energy. Current infrastructure is largely inefficient and stands to benefit from engineered solutions. A 1950’s/60’s era home was redeveloped to make use of energy efficient technologies to become net zero. However, with all of the available renewable options in today’s market, there is confusion on the most technically effective and financially efficient solutions. The team created research backed, adaptable solutions for the retrofit. Various packages were selected as potential solutions. Analysis models, like Revit, were used to determine the accuracy of such solutions. This methodology was generalized into a prototype app, which allows anyone to begin transitioning their homes to sustainable energy sources. Our team is presenting a mobile application prototype, architectural model of the home, and the proposed Excel spreadsheet.

Team members: Eric Kingsley Alex Barton Charlie Chang James Hawn George Markham Phiilip VanZale Arman Sobhi Seyma Yilmaz Advisor & consultants: Jeff Meurer

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F18-40 | CANVAS Technology Autonomous Cart

How might you design a cart suspension system using only wheels? How might you cool a high-heat producing electronics system that must remain water tight?

Canvas Technology is a novel, Boulder-based startup company providing end-to-end autonomous delivery of goods. The company’s main product is an autonomous cart that will deliver these goods. Currently, the cart is outfitted to work mainly indoors on smooth surfaces.

The team’s core objective was to modify the current cart platform to withstand outdoor environments. The modified cart will be able to autonomously carry 2-4 bags of concrete across uneven dirt and gravel that is 1-2 inches in height. The modified cart will maintain all the same hardware, including Canvas’ current computer, power & steering systems, Blackfly S cameras, and their current custom cables. The new modifications mainly include adding a suspension system in the form of an airless tire, combating heat generation in the electronics, and outfitting the cart for an IP54 rating to withstand water and dust.

The team has developed 2 unique technical solutions: airless tires (non-pneumatic wheels that easily deform under impact) that serve as the cart suspension system and the use of Peltier coolers to combat heat generated by the electronics without compromising the IP54-rated enclosure.

Team members: Gus Floerchinger Natalie Kalin Michael Kirby Tanner Lucas Blake Olson Derek Rastetter Sevy Swift Abby Wong Advisor & consultants: Robin Steele Jacob Blacksberg Bill Krause Sponsor:

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F18-41 | RF Antenna/Sensor

Figure 1: SolidWorks Model of Armband & Antenna for Wearable GPS Applications

Building upon the work of last year’s CSM capstone design team with Ball Aerospace, Team 8 Ball was tasked with creating a wearable GPS unit produced via 3D printing. The use of 3D printing for RF applications is cutting edge and offers many potential applications in the future of antenna manufacturing.

Team 8 Ball presented several design options Ball Aerospace with regards to the type of wearable, antenna design, and the printed materials. The selected wearable was a three-link armband (printed as one) which houses the electronics. A design using a new and unique 3D printing filament known as PREPERM® was selected due to its favorable properties for RF applications. The use of PREPERM® in the design allowed for the wearable to be significantly smaller and more visually appealing when used in conjunction with the CBD028 silver ink for the antenna.

In partnership with The University of Texas at El Paso, Team 8 Ball printed several prototypes to allow for antenna tuning. To verify its function, the armband was RF range tested at Ball Aerospace. The produced product is an armband with all GPS data being logged on a micro SD card which can be uploaded at any time due to the robust nature of the three-link housing.

Team members: Stephen Agee Chris Beebe Steven Huynh Madison Le Seth Myers Noah Pelsmaeker Nimesh Shrestha Carson Van Ausdall Advisor & consultants: Donna Bodeau University of Texas at El Paso Sponsor: Ball Aerospace

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F18-42 | Remote Sensing and Data Analytics

F18-43a | Electric Downhole Tractor

Plastic is the most common debris found in marine environments. Marine plastic can be observed in a wide range of sizes and materials, however limited research exists documenting the global concentration of marine microplastics, a unique subset of plastic debris ranging in size between one nanometer and five millimeters in length. Current approaches to estimating marine plastic concentrations are costly and limited in scope. By using remote sensing, where satellite or aircraft imaging data is used to detect and monitor the earth, these costs may be reduced while also increasing the monitorable footprint. To determine the feasibility of using remote sensing technology to detect surface ocean microplastics, team Deep-Data developed and tested multiple light reflection indices for detecting plastic concentrations and applied them to AVIRIS flight and Hyperion satellite data collected over multiple landfills for verification. The same process was repeated with AVIRIS flight data over the coast of Hawaii to evaluate effectiveness at identifying marine plastic. Results show Deep-Data’s newly developed indices were more effective than those previously developed at identifying plastic concentrations in landfills but require further refinement for application in a pure marine environment.

Team members: Tyler Blount Marcelo Gonzales Joshua Grego Daniel Hanuszczak Tyler Murphy Sydney Nelson Sean Smith Jacob Steiner Advisor & consultants: Adam Duran Madeline Cowell Jennifer Milliken Sponsor: Ball Aerospace

As the oil and gas industry advances and horizontal wells become deeper and harder to complete, the required tools change. Some horizontal sections of wells reach far enough to require “tractors". Alien One Team was tasked with designing an electric downhole tractor capable of maneuvering in longer horizontal wells. The team’s solution was to produce a drivetrain assembly that could efficiently move a downhole tractor through challenging operating conditions safely and effectively.

This solution consists of two mecanum wheel assemblies that rotate opposite of each other and drive the tractor in the operator’s desired direction. The motor and gearbox behind this movement are wirelessly controlled in the prototype and by a wireline in the full-size tractor. The mecanum wheel assemblies themselves are scaled to a typical casing size. The mecanum wheels that move the tractor have specially designed guards to prevent jams and ensure smooth operation while producing the high forces required when working in a downhole environment.

This downhole oil well tractor will increase industry efficiency by forgoing the setup required when using coiled tubing interventions.

Team members: Anthony Klecan Jacob Hughes Robert Brandenburg Sean Barrett Advisor & consultants: Mark Florida Sponsor: Dr. William Fleckenstein

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F18-43b | FracOPTIMAL3 – Disruptive Downhole Tractors

F18-43c | Downhole Tractor – Hydraulic Team

As hydraulic fracturing becomes an increasingly common practice used to access natural gas and oil reserves, the industry is looking for ways to improve the performance of downhole tractors. Conventional drills currently utilize gravity as the driving force in horizontal wells; this practice has reached its limits with how far a drill can move in a horizontal well. We have been tasked to improve upon the patent pending mecanum wheel tractor design of Sparrow One from the 2017-2018 senior design term that extends horizontal drill length.

Our design incorporates actuating mecanum wheel platforms to avoid any debris lining the horizontal casing and provide the necessary axial force for the tractor to drill and pull everything behind it. The industrial product will have a submersible hydraulic pump to actuate the wheel platforms.

We designed the tractor as an attachment that drilling companies can add to the end of their mud motor or reverse moineau drive system. The tractor will have a connection area for a drill bit/mill in order to drill out plugs placed in the casing for fracking.

With the ability to actuate the mecanum wheels, our tractor will provide sufficient force to pull along all equipment as well as drill through plugs with ease.

Team members: Joshua Dakin Miller Kettle Johnny Kleckner Tyler Mattson Henry York Advisor & consultants: Marcus Florida Ulterra Sponsor: Dr. William Fleckenstein

Fracking is a process widely used for the subterranean extraction of natural oil and natural gas. This occurs in a downhole well environment in which boreholes are first drilled vertically and then horizontally to reach the pockets of natural resources. The tools used to accomplish this use gravity from the vertical segment as their driving force for horizontal propulsion. However, at a certain distance in the horizontal segment, the force from gravity can no longer be used.

It is at this point different means of horizontal propulsion must be implemented. A downhole tractor can be used to remedy this and drive the drill bit down the well through means of hydraulic power. Through the use of fluid pressure running through the system, our device is able to expand and contract a system of mecanum wheels that will apply a force to the casing walls and propel the tractor further horizontally. Our device is solely powered by the mud fluid flowing down the borehole, which can be operated and manipulated from ground level. This allows for design of simplicity and low maintenance. With the guidance of Dr. William Fleckenstein, a petroleum engineering professor at Colorado School of Mines, and the aid of Ulterra Drilling Technologies, we have designed and manufactured a prototype to simulate the projected use of a hydraulic downhole tractor.

Team members: Luke Haines Spencer Jacobs Blake Johnson Brad DeThomas Advisor & consultants: Dr. William Fleckenstein Mark Florida Sponsor: Dr. William Fleckenstein Ulterra Drilling Technologies

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F18-44 | Tall Wood Building - Shake & Bake

F18-45 | Retrofit of Coolbaugh Hall

In the past, the use of timber as a structural material in the construction of skyscrapers and other tall structures was considered improbable, however the rise of CLT and Glulam as structural members has increased interest in the possibility of tall wood buildings. This multi-disciplinary project involves the complete design of a ten-story building located in San Francisco whose structural components are composed purely of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) & Glulam Timber. The building will be constructed on a shake table in order to mimic the seismic loading the structure would experience in the San Francisco area. The project is being designed for Dr. Pei at the Colorado School of Mines for seismic research.

The structural design of the building focused on the different loads that the building will experience including the seismic effects. The building design also encompasses architectural and mechanical components. The design process of this project involved determining structural and mechanical requirements dictated by current building codes as well as the assumed layouts. Once the basis of design was established, engineering calculations were performed to determine the proper sizing of the structural components. After the sizing was completed and the rocking walls were configured, the project focus shifted to completing a drawing set of the proposed building.

Team members: Daniel McGettigan Jack Martin-Linsley Aleesha Busch Ian Turner Katie Christy Jared Phillips Advisor & consultants: Eric Bonnema KL&A

As Mines continues to grow and construct new buildings on campus, it must also invest in the existing facilities to keep them up-to-date while ideally reducing their energy consumption at the same time. One opportunity to possibly increase the energy efficiency of an existing building is to retrofit Coolbaugh Hall, one of the oldest buildings on campus. The goal of this project was to develop a whole-building energy model that adequately captures the annual energy performance of Coolbaugh Hall and then use that model to explore several building retrofit options and evaluate their impacts. Once the model was developed and validated through comparisons to utility bill data, various proposed modifications were implemented in the model and evaluated based on capital cost, energy savings, and payback period. Each of the proposed modifications were then ranked and retrofit packages were recommended based on different criteria: low initial cost, meets design specifications, and highest energy savings. Each retrofit package reduces the annual energy costs of Coolbaugh Hall, allowing the university to apportion more of its monetary resources towards the students, faculty, and staff.

Team members: Nicholas Sperger Dylan Thierry Megan Trierweiler Lauren Wilson Carlos Zacarias Advisor & consultants: Eric Bonnema Mohammad Fathollahzadeh Karl Heine Sponsor: Dr. Paulo Tabares

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F18-46 | Water Drone – Water Quality & Flow Measurement

F18-48 | Undertray for Formula SAE

Senior Design team F18-46 was tasked by Pinyon Environmental to create an autonomous drone that can collect water quality and flow measurements in a reservoir and stream, respectively. The drone should be fully autonomous and require minimal user interaction other than maintenance and data collection.

In order to address this design challenge, the team split into two sub teams, one for the reservoir and one for the creek, with each team designing their own drone. For the water quality measurements in a reservoir, a large boat drone has been designed to maneuver to different points in a reservoir and collect water quality data, while still being visible to those using the area for recreation. In order to record the water flow through a creek, the second sub team has designed a small autonomous boat drone that is lightweight and agile. The team has focused primarily on the integration of the sensor package that will be delivered on the drone to obtain the most accurate measurement possible. Both teams have focused on the fabrication and assembly of the drones, with fully autonomous capabilities being added in further iterations of the project.

Team members: Jishu Das Matthew Summerfield Benjamin Rowland Mitchell White Daniel Stehling Benjamin Overholt Sam Knott Jonathon Roberts Tatiana Simoncic Zach Brand Leo Kastein Matt Sullivan Advisor & consultants: Robert Huehmer Chris Coulson Sponsor: Pinyon Environmental

The Mines Formula SAE competition team presented Senior Design with the opportunity to design and fabricate an undertray for competition. Undertrays are aerodynamic devices affixed to the underside of a car to produce downforce. Downforce is desirable for Mines Formula Team as it increases the traction of the tires allowing for greater speeds in the corners. Senior Design Team 48, self-named ‘Ground Effect,’ was tasked with designing and fabricating an undertray for Mines Formula. Formula SAE cars are quite slow averaging speeds of 30 mph during a race. Lower speed decreases the potential effectiveness of an undertray. To justify an undertray and noticeably decrease lap times, it was determined that the design would have to generate 20 lbs of downforce at 30 mph. Ground Effect created and iterated the undertray design using CFD in ANSYS and SolidWorks. Airflow effects from the moving ground, spinning tires, and car body were all considered. The primary features being engineered were two inlets and three diffusers. Alongside the CFD efforts Ground Effect fabricated fiberglass prototypes of the undertray designs. Static and dynamic on-car tests were executed to collect results. Layup procedures were developed and recorded to serve as references for future Mines Formula SAE undertray builds. With Ground Effect’s work, Mines Formula SAE will be prepared to construct a proven and compatible undertray design.

Team members: Bridger Armstrong Forrest Denham Jacob Thom John Oldland Luke La Rocque Nick Sammons Quinn Khosla Robin Chow Steven Ripple Advisor & consultants: Adam Duran Sponsor: Dr. Gregory Bogin Jr.

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F18-49 | Clean River Design Challenge

Problem: Trash flowing through the South Platte River has increased in recent years. The mission of the Clean River Design Challenge is to create a device that removes trash from the river in an ecological, safe, and efficient manner. One particular site near Confluence Park in downtown Denver has significant trash accumulation. The goal is to design a device specific to this site in order to make trash removal an easier process for volunteers and the city.

Solution: Our design is inspired by grain augers. The Trash Hopper, the corkscrew shaped shaft, is designed to remove trash in the river through a similar process. The shaft spans the length of the river and is designed to catch trash in its threads to maneuver into a waste bin on one side of the river. Once the trash is directed into the collection bin, it is then removed using a pulley system which makes it significantly easier for the volunteers to remove waste from the water. The prototype operates at a slow RPM to ensure safety for park visitors and wildlife. A 12 V DC motor is used to power the prototype and can be run on solar energy.

After the prototype is completely constructed a final test will be run at the Bureau of Reclamation in a flume that resembles the river.

Team members: Bryan Cazier Jonathan Donehower Marina Hansen Emmanuel Almaras-Sandoval Jessica Thompson Alex Turner Advisor & consultants: Dr. Bahman Rejai Dr. Kristoph Kinzli Christopher Kit Shupe Sponsor: The Greenway Foundation

Trash Hopper prototype in testing flume. (On left)

- 3” diameter auger - 6”x6”x10” waste bin

Full scale design to be implemented in Confluence Park area of the South Platte River.

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F18-50 | Ultrasonic 3D Metals Printer

F18-51 | Mines’ Music Room Lighting and Sound Grid

3D printing is rapidly becoming one of the primary forms of manufacturing. With its rising popularity, new uses and demands are highly sought after. However, this technology is typically limited by its plastic material and low tolerances. The objective of this project is to adapt existing ultrasonic welding technology into a 3D printer and produce a prototype showing that there is a cheaper alternative to precisely 3D printing metal materials.

Our team accomplished this by integrating a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) system with a handheld ultrasonic welder to effectively weld aluminum wire. While several components were purchased, our team designed supporting subsystems and incorporated them into a final prototype. We created a wire feed/cutting system that continually supplies the welding horn with material while the CNC G-code moves the horn accordingly. We can then manipulate the produced G-code in order to add more complex systems, making the process more streamlined. This design has the capability to produce aluminum layers as well as three-dimensional structures with simplistic geometries.

Our design serves as a proof of concept for future ultrasonic 3D printing technologies that will hopefully one day circumvent the need for machine shops and speed up the engineering process by making in-house manufacturing more feasible.

Team members: Jack Brinkman Grace Carter Ian Ferdowsian Vincent Marino Zachary Kisting Alex Zofrea Advisor & consultants: Marcus Florida Sponsor: Dr. Owen Hildreth Colorado School of Mines

Due to the closing of the Green Center for asbestos abatement, the Mines Music Department needed to find a new space to practice and perform. To do this, one of the warehouse areas of the ford building was converted into a black box theater. After acquiring the space, it was decided that the theater was going to be converted into a full performance space. In order to make that happen the space needs the addition of a grid capable of handling the needs of a full performance space. The team has evaluated the needs of all the different groups who would be using the space, along with determining the limitations of what the room can handle. From this information, a design was created that both fits in the space and meets the needs of the client. The design consists of 8ft by 12ft grid centered in the room, along with the addition of two vertical 8 ft trusses. It also utilizes movable LED Lighting units that will allow for more control and customization of the space. This design creates the type of dynamic system that the Music Department needs in order to turn the current room into a performance space.

Team members: Dalton Metz Jace Selsor Kevin Lynch Ariunzaya Enkhbold Sabine Lindler Advisor & consultants: Joseph Bearss Mike Bowker Jonathan Cullison John Persichetti Sponsor: Robert Klimek

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F18-52 | Mobile Vehicle Topper

F18-53 | Predator Ridge Puzzle Box - Food for Thought

Today, the vehicle accessory market does not feature many devices that utilize the roof of a car. This project aims to create an affordable, attractive vehicle topper that can be used to show off an individual's interests. To accomplish this, the topper consists of a standard base unit attached to the car by rubberized magnets and a twist-on top piece that can be personalized by the consumer. Within the topper base is a light that can be used to illuminate the top portion of the product. While other car accessories such as flags and stickers are not very customizable, the vehicle topper offers an exterior car ornament that can be easily swapped out for other customized designs.

The main challenge in this design was creating a base that is easy to manufacture and finding high quality, low cost lighting and car attachment solutions. Designing for these factors ensure that the product will be inexpensive and high quality for the end user while providing ample profit margin for the client.

The final design proposed by the project team succeeds in creating an easy to manufacture, well-functioning base unit. However, additional work is needed to explore custom top piece designs and any larger, more feature rich topper base designs targeted at the vehicle accessory market.

Team members: Jake Kirschner John Brewer Josh Schaffer Matthew Phelps Owen Pigati Soloman Jarman Advisor & Consultants: Jim Beseda Sponsor: Jeffrey T. Shultz

We were tasked with the design and construction of a puzzle box to be used by the carnivores of Predator Ridge at the Denver Zoo. Intended to challenge and entertain the animals, a puzzle box requires them to solve its exterior elements in order to get the prize inside. The box will be used to provide enrichment to lions, hyenas, and wild dogs. Our design is made of durable eighth inch thick stainless-steel plates bolted to an ‘L’ bar frame, which provides a modular aspect to our design allowing for easy attachment and removal of multiple unique and stimulating puzzle elements. As creative as we wanted to be, building something that also posed no safety risks was quite difficult. With a range of sizes, abilities, and behavior, designing a solution that worked across all three species was perhaps our greatest challenge. Hyenas, armed with one of the most powerful bite forces, required more cunning and creative puzzles. Weighing on average 450 lbs, lions rely more on brute strength to solve problems. Wild dogs cooperate in a pack to hunt and overcome obstacles. After considering numerous options, our team produced a single box with multiple copies of our most successful puzzle elements.

Team members: Alec Gantar Bryan Jenks Ehren Hager Jessica Abraham Max O’Brien Advisor & Consultants: Sue Anderson Sponsor: Jared Stormer Denver Zoo

African Wild Dogs at Denver Zoo

Prototype Puzzle Box Rendering

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F18-54 | Predator Ridge Puzzle Box

F18-55 | Prosthetic Air Pocket System

In order to provide lasting stimulation and enrichment for the animals at Predator Ridge, the Denver Zoo reached out to the Colorado School of Mines to design and build a safe and easy to use puzzle box for the lions. The design must adhere to strict constraints outlined by the Denver Zoo for the well-being of both the zookeepers and animals. Further, the design must be safe in case of failure, as keepers cannot quickly step in and take the puzzle away from the animals if something goes wrong.

The Puzzle Masters team proposed a large hollow tube that the lions would roll in order to get raw meat to fall out of holes on the middle of the cylindrical face. This tube utilizes a tension rod to ensure that the top

Team members: Hannah Deahl Melissa Kaiser Katelyn Thiede Quinn Trussell Camilla Voll Advisor & consultants: Jeff Meurer Sponsor: Jared Stormer Brian Williams Paul Quick

A common problem for amputees is volume change of the residual limb due to changes is blood flow and moisture loss. This causes the prosthetic socket to fit improperly, which results in the amputee having to add or remove socks from the inside of the socket in order to account for this change and to aid in discomfort. The proposed solution, pictured below, involves using an air pocket around the internal surface of the socket to accommodate the volume change. This is a unique solution since we had to combine design aspects of other individual projects such as mitigating temperature and moisture levels, as well using out our own tests to design the optimal device.

Team members: Eric Bond Sean Glenn Bradley Harger John Howard Andrew McClain Brandon Moore Ze-Ching Ong Cameron Weber Advisor & consultants: Donna Bodeau Chris Olson Dr. Jana Montgomery Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL+) Court Allen

removable endcap can be easily detached for cleaning but that the lions won’t be able to open during play. One unique aspect of the design is that there is an enclosed internal cylinder that is semi-filled with noise making objects. The noise making aspect of the puzzle box will increase engagement with the lions because the lions are more reliant on sight and sound cues than smells.

Figure: Introduction of Prototype 1 to Lions

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INDIVIDUAL BROADER IMPACTS ESSAY This semester, all Capstone Design@Mines students submitted individual essays about how their engineering choices impact the social, environmental, and/or economic lives of communities and individuals. The topic for this semester’s essay was:

The top 10 essays from this group of 404 senior engineering students were chosen by the course faculty and will be posted to the web site following this Design Showcase for your review.

Essay Title Author

Running Through Chinese Villages Anne Coleman

The Broader Impacts of Engineering: The Greatest Show? Megan Coney

Toilet-to-Tap Wyatt Ellis

The Trouble with Brita Ilan Gerson

Robotic Surgeries: Helping Hand or Technology Crusade? Natalie Kalin

Engineering and Socialism Evan Kruise

Patent Pending® Madison Le

To be Human is to Engineer Colby Moxham

Smart Cities Create Smart Solutions Elizabeth Sampley

The Dangers of Artificial Intelligence Based Facial Recognition Sean Smith

The three best essays will be announced along with the Design Showcase results. The top 10 best essays were judged by a fantastic and experienced panel of volunteer judges:

John Agee Brenda Chergo

Richard J. Collins Steven K. DeWeese Stephen P. Kutska Dr. Jennifer E. Labs

John J. McEncroe Zach Mott

Michael Oakley Dr. Arthur J. Pansze

Eric Phannenstiel Diane Prier

Wesley Ryan Martha L. Sanchez-Hayre

Scott Sanford Dr. Samuel Spiegel

Dr. Carol Weber Ken Witherell

We thank you very much for your time and effort involved in choosing the top essays!

Designed systems can impact the behaviors of people and environments. Develop a position that argues how an engineered system has positively or negatively impacted the behavior of society, the environment, and/or the economy. The essay should be either related to your project or your field of engineering and use contemporary, concrete examples in the arguments.

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Judging Results (Released Post Showcase Event) Broader Impact Essay:

1st Anne Coleman “Running Through Chinese Villages”

2nd Sean Smith “The Dangers of Artificial Intelligence Based Facial Recognition”

3rd Wyatt Ellis “Toilet-to-Tap”

Overall Top Honors

1st F18-16 Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottages for Bio-Itza "Preserve the Source" Fund

2nd F18-27 Accessible Welding Table for Craig Hospital

3rd F18-44 Tall Wood Building - Shake & Bake for Professor Shiling Pei

Best of Award for Innovation

F18-05 NASA Robotic Mining Competition for NASA & Mines Space Resources

Best of Award for Societal Impact / Human Systems

F18-21 Water Purification and Conveyance System for Freshwater Project International

Best of Award for Professionalism

F18-24 Prosthetic Arm Shooting Assistant for Quality of Life Plus

Best of Award for Proof-of-Concept

F18-27 Accessible Welding Table for Craig Hospital