A

abandon n. � � : a complete surrender of inhibitionsabandon : inhibition :: despair : hope(#)abandon : inhibition :: tranquility : agitation(#)

abase vt. ( � � ,� � )� � � � � : DEGRADE: to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteemabase : stature :: shorten : heightabase : prestige :: damp : ardorabase ↔ extol

abash vt. � � � � � � : DISCONCERT: to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement(#)embolden ↔ abash/faze/cow

abate v. � � � � � : MODERATE: to reduce in degree or intensityabate : tax :: alleviate : distressabate : degree :: discount : priceabate : force :: fade : loudnessabate : force :: decelerate : speedabate : force :: shrink : sizeabate : intensity :: taper : widthabate ↔ intensify/promote

abbreviate vt. � � � � / � � � � : to make briefer; especially : to reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the wholeabbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abbreviation : word :: abridgment : articleabbreviation : word :: synopsis : articleabbreviate : length :: attenuate : thicknessabbreviate ↔ extend

abdicate v. � � � �

: to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or functionabdicate : throne :: resign : office/workabdicate ↔ constitute abdicate ↔ assumeabdicate ↔ usurp

aberrant adj. � � � � � /� � � : ATYPICAL: straying from the right or normal way: deviating from the usual or natural typeaberration : course :: digression : themeaberrant : standard :: digressive : topicaberrant ↔ typical/normal

abet vt. � � � � / � �

: to assist or support in the achievement of a purposeabet : assistance :: counsel : guidanceabet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarityabet ↔ thwart/impedestymie ↔ abetfrustrate ↔ abetabet ↔ obstruct

abeyance n.( � � � )� � : SUSPENSION: temporary inactivityabeyance ↔ continuance

abhor vt. � � � � : LOATHE: to regard with extreme repugnanceabhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness(>)

abiding adj. � � � � : ENDURING, CONTINUING: lasting for a long timeabiding ↔ evanescent/ephemeral/transient

abject adj. � � � / � � � : SERVILE, SPIRITLESS: cast down in spiritabject ↔ exultant

abject ↔ spirited

abjure vt. ( � � , � � )� � � � � : to renounce upon oath: to reject solemnlyabjure ↔ embrace/espouse/affirm

abnegate vt. (� � , � � )� � � � � : SURRENDER, RELINQUISH: to give up (rights or a claim, for example)abnegate ↔ reaffirm

abolitionism n. � � � � � � �

: principles or measures fostering abolition especially of slaveryanarchist : government :: abolitionist : slaveryabolition ↔ persistence in slavery

aboveboard adj. � � � � �

: in a straightforward mannersurreptitious ↔ barefaced/aboveboard

abrasion n. � � /� �

: a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by frictionabraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydrationscuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporizationabrade ↔ augment

abridge vt. � � � � : CONDENSE: to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of senseabbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essayabbreviation : word :: abridgment : articleabridge ↔ extend in length

abrogate v. ( � � )� � � � � : ANNUL: to abolish by authoritative actionabrogate ↔ embrace/institute/uphold

abscond v. � � � � � �

: to depart secretly and hide oneselfabscond : depart :: pilfer/sneak : takeabscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listenabscond : depart :: shadow : followabscond : depart :: secrete : storefollow : shadow :: leave : abscondlurk : wait :: purloin : appropriatelurk : wait :: abscond : depart

absolve vt. � � � � / � � � �

: to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guiltexculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stirhortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolveabsolve ↔ inculpate

absorb vt. � � � �

: to engage or engross whollyabsorb : sponge :: seal : caulk

abstain vi. � � � �

: to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practicemandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain

abstemious adj. � � � �

: marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcoholabstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : controlreticent : talk :: abstemious : gorgeabstinent ↔ indulging/intemperate/gluttonous

abstract adj/n. � � � � / � � � � � � � � � �

: having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation or narrative content: to draw away the attention of

abstract ↔ elaborateabstraction ↔ attention

abstruse adj. � � � : RECONDITE: difficult to comprehendabstruse ↔ accessible/patentabstruse ↔ manifest

abuse n./v. � � (� � ) : REVILE: to attack in wordsdiatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockerypolemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive

accede v. � � � �

: to express approval or give consent

accelerate v. � � � � / � � � � �

: to move faster : gain speed: to hasten the progress or development ofexpedite : process :: accelerate : paceaccelerate : speed :: prolong : durationaccelerate ↔ retard

accentuate v. � � � � � �

accentuate ↔ underplay

accessible adj. � � � � � � / � � � � � �

: capable of being understood or appreciatedabstruse ↔ accessible/patent

accessory n/adj. � � � /� � � � : ADJUNCT: a thing of secondary or subordinate importance: present in a minor amount and not essential as a constituentaccessory ↔ of primarily importance

accidental adj. � � �

: occurring unexpectedly or by chanceinventiveness : accidental :: effect : casualintentionality : accidental :: effect : casualsafeguard : accident :: hedge : lossintentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble(#)effect : cause(� � )� � � � � , � � .consequence : � � � � � � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � � � � � .result, outcome : effect � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , � �

� � � � � � � � � � .

acclimate vt. � � � � �

: to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situationacclimate ↔ make unfamiliar with

accolade n. � � / � �

: an expression of praiseaccolade ↔ excoriating remarkaccolade ↔ swearword/cutting remarkaccolade ↔ censureaccolade ↔ reproof /reprobation/excoriation/ disapprobation/criticism/denigrationdeplore ↔ accolade/extol

accommodate v. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to provide with something desired, needed, or suited (as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings)obliterate : remove :: accommodate : supply(>) obliterate : remove :: convey : conduct(>)

accomplice n. � � �

: one associated with another especially in wrongdoing

accost vt. � � � � � �

: to approach and speak to often in a challenging or aggressive wayaccost : approach :: ??

accountability n. � �

: an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one's actions

accrete v. � � � � � � : ACCUMULATE: to grow or become attached by accretionaccrete : growth :: erode : destructionaccrete : growth :: inch : advance

accumulate v. � � � /� � � � : AMASS: to gather or pile up especially little by littleaccumulation ↔ dissipation

accuse v. � � � � : BLAME: to charge with a fault or offense

acerbic adj. � � � / � � �

: acid in temper, mood, or toneacerbic ↔ sweetacerbity ↔ saccharine

acme n. � � / � � : apex/culmination/zenith: the highest point or stageacme : surpass :: impossibility : executeacme : mountain :: crest : wavevagary : predict :: acme : surpassacme ↔ nadir

acquiesce v. � � � � � � �

: to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passivelyintransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical(#)acquiesce ↔ defy/resist/refute

acquisition n. � � / � � �

: the act of acquiringdivestiture ↔ acquisition

acquit vt. � � � � � �

: to discharge completely

acrid adj. � � � / � � � : IRRITATING: sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odoracrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)grating/stridency : sound :: acrid : odoracrid ↔ gentle

acrimonious adj. � � � / � � �

: caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manneracrimonious ↔ harmonious

acute adj. � � � � � / � � �

adamant adj. � � � / � � � : UNYIELDING: unshakable or immovable especially in oppositionadamant : flexibility :: refractory : controlimpossible : execute :: adamant : moveadamant : yield :: cautious : gambleadamant ↔ vacillatoryadamant ↔ moved

adapt vt. � � � � � / � � � �

: to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation) often by modificationadapt ↔ remain unchanged

addicted adj. � � � � / � � �

: to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessivelyinured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

ad-hoc adj. � � � � �

: for the particular end or case at hand without consideration of wider application

adherent n. � � �

: a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or churchadherent ↔ dissenter

adjacent adj. � � �

: not distant

adjourn vi. � � � �

: to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or placeconvoke ↔ adjourn

adjudicator n. � �

: one that act as judge

adjunct n. � � � / � � �

: something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of itadjunct ↔ essential element

ad-lib n. � � � � �: somthing spoken, composed, or performed without preparationad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent(=)

admission n. � � / � �

: the act or process of admittinglottery : raffle :: ticket : admission

admonish v. � � � � / � � � �

: to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manneradmonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<)peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprovealibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory

adore vt. � � � � /� � � �

: to regard with loving admiration and devotionabhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness(>)adulate : fawn :: woo : adore(>)apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

adroit adj. � � �

: having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situationsloquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)adroit ↔ ungainly

adulate v. � � � � � �

: to flatter or admire excessively or slavishlyadulate : fawn :: woo : adornaversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter (>)scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore(>)adulate ↔ scorn/excoriate/disparageadulation ↔ obloquy/disdain/vituperationadulation ↔ somber affection

adulterate vt. � � � � � �

: to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element stickleradult : child :: cat : kittenadulterate : pure :: bolster/brace : weakdemand : satisfied :: adulterate : pristineunalloyed ↔ adulterated

adversary n. � : ENEMY, FOE: one that contends with, opposes, or resistsadversary ↔ ally

advertence n. � �

: the action or process of advertingadvertence ↔ inattentionadvertent ↔ inattentive

advertise vt. � � � �

: to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcastadvertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

advocate vt. � � � �

: to plead in favor ofexponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

aerate v. � � � � � : to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respirationaerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water

aerial adj. � � �

: of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphereaerial : air :: aquatic : water

aesthetics n. � �

: a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beautyaesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledgephilistine ↔ aesthete

affable adj. � � �

: characterized by ease and friendlinessaffable ↔ irascibleaffability ↔ surliness

affected adj. � � � � : PRETENDED: assumed artificially or falselyposturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerantaffected ↔ natural

affection n. � � : FONDNESS: tender attachmentapprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)embrace : affection :: shrug : indifferencescowl : displeasure :: kiss : affectionscowl : displeasure :: hurl : disgustswagger : bravado :: caress : affectionantipathy ↔ affectiondisaffected ↔ content

affidavit n. � � / � � �

: a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmationaffidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony

affiliation n. � �

: to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branchaffiliation ↔ dissociation

affinity n. � � � /� � �

: likeness based on relationship or causal connectionaffinity ↔ antipathy/aversion/hideousness

affliction n. � � �

: great suffering

affluent adj. � � �

: having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessionsaffluent ↔ needyimpecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluentpenury ↔ affluenceindigent ↔ affluent

agenda n. � � � �

: a list or program of things to be considered or doneprogram : concert :: agenda : meetingrepertoire : performance :: manifest : cargorepertoire : performance :: agenda : meetingcurriculum : class :: menu : dishcurriculum : course :: agenda : meetingitinerary : travel :: agenda : meeting

aggrandize vt. � � � � / � � � �

: to make appear great or greater : praise highlyaggrandize ↔ disparageaggrandize ↔ undermineeffacing ↔ aggrandizing

aggravate vt. � � � � �

: to make worse, more serious, or more severe ; intensify unpleasantlysuccor ↔ aggravateameliorate ↔ aggravateaggravate ↔ alleviate

aggregate v. � � �

: to collect or gather into a mass or wholecoalesce ↔ disaggregate

aggrieve vt. � � � � / � � � � : DISTRESS: to give pain or trouble toaggrieve ↔ gratifyaggrieve ↔ comfort

agony n. � � � � / � � � : ANGUISH, TORTURE: intense pain of mind or bodyagonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>)painful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<)

agrarian adj. � � �

: of or relating to fields or lands or their tenureagrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade

airtight adj. � � � � � � � � � � / � � � �

: having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loopholeairtight : loophole :: ??

alacrity n. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: promptness in response ; cheerful readinesshusbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)alacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitancealacrity ↔ sluggishness

albino n. � � �

: an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentationalbino : pigment :: prairie : tree

alchemy n. � � � / � �

: a power or process of transforming something common into something special : a medieval chemical science and speculative philosophyalchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatmentastrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistryalchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy

alibi n. � � : an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishmentalibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory

align v. � � � � � / � � � � � � �

: to bring into line or alignmentaligned ↔ askew/improperly adjustedawry ↔ orderly/aligned/planned

allay v. � � � � � : ALLEVIATE: to subdue or reduce in intensity or severityallay ↔ increase the intensity ofallay ↔ excite/galvanize

allegiance n. � �

: devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or causeauthority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans

allegory n. � � : fiction: the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existenceallegory : fiction :: ??allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument

alleviate v. � � � � : RELIEVE, LESSEN: to make (as suffering) more bearableabate : tax :: alleviate : distressalleviate : intensity :: abate : taxalleviate ↔ exacerbate/intensify

alliterate v. � � � � � � �

: to arrange or place so as to make alliterationalliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#)

allude vi. � � � � � � : REFER: to make indirect referenceallude ↔ mention explicitly

aloft adv. � � � �

: at or to a great heightfounder ↔ stay aloftgroundedly ↔ aloft

aloof adj. � � � � / � � �

: removed or distant either physically or emotionallypolitic : offend :: aloof : associatealoof ↔ having affinitygregarious ↔ aloof

alphabetical adj. � � � � �

: arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabetdictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

altruism n. � � � �

: unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of othersaltruism ↔ egocentrism

amalgamate v. � � � � /� � � �

: to unite in or as if in an amalgam; especially : to merge into a single bodyamalgation : disintegrated :: overexposure : jadedamalgamate ↔ separate/isolate/disintegrate/insulateamalgamation ↔ disintegration

amass v. � � � � : ACCUMULATE: to collect into a mass

ambiguous adj. � � � � � / � � � � �

: doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctnessambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truthambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignoreequivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banalwatershed ↔ routine

ambivalent adj. � � � � � : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings (as attraction and repulsion) toward an object, person, or actionambivalent ↔ committed

amble vi. � � � � � � : SAUNTER: to go at or as if at an amble walk : amble :: talk : chat

ambrosial adj. � � � � �

: extremely pleasing to taste or smell in foodmellifluous : music :: ambrosial : foodmellifluous : sound :: savory : taste

ameliorate vt. � � � � : to make better or more tolerableameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation(=)ameliorate ↔ aggravatedamper ↔ ameliorate

amenity n. � � � / � � � � �

: something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoymentamenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful

amenable ↔ inimical

amiable adj. � � � : being friendly, sociable, and congenialinimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicable

amicable adj. � � � � : PEACEABLE: characterized by friendly goodwillamicable : malign :: negligible : elevated(#)inimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicable

amiss adj/adv. � � � / � � � � : IMPERFECTLY: in a faulty way

amorphous adj. � � � � : SHAPELESS: having no definite formamorphous : shape :: errant : course

amphibian n. � � �

eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal

amplify vt. � � � � : INCREASE: to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, or intensity) mute ↔ amplify

amplitude n. � � � : FULLNESS, COPIOUSamplitude ↔ meagerness

amulet n. � �

amulet : evil :: helmet : injury

anaerobic adj. � � � � � � � � � .: living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygenanaerobic ↔ living in oxygenanaerobic ↔ respiring

analgesic adj/n. � � � / � � � : lacking sensibility to pain without loss of consciousnessanalgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensationaseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbspain : analgesic :: sensation : anestheticpain : analgesic :: symptom : palliativeanalgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity(#)tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

analogy n. � � : SIMILARITY

analysis n. � � synthesis ↔ analysis

anarchist n. � � � � � � : one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling poweranarchist : government :: abolitionist : slaveryanarchist : rebel :: apologist : defendanarchy ↔ order

anathema n. � � : CURSE, EXECRATION: a vigorous denunciationanathema ↔ panegyric/blessing

ancestor n. � � heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

anecdote n. � �

: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident

anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction

anemic adj. � � � �

: lacking force, vitality, or spiritanemic : hale :: ??anemic ↔ hale

anesthetic adj/n. � � � / � � �

: lacking awareness or sensitivityanalgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensationaseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbspain : analgesic : sensation : anestheticsensation ↔ anesthesia

anew adv. � � �

angle n. �

anhydrous adj. � � �

: free from water and especially water of crystallization anhydrous ↔ wet

animation n. � � � : ALIVElassitude ↔ vim/animation

animus n. � �

: a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill willanimus ↔ friendly

annals n. � � � �

: historical recordsdictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

annoy vt. � � � � � � / � � � �

testy : annoy :: tractable : control

annul v. � � � � � / � � � � annul ↔ make legalannul ↔ reaffirm

anodyne n. � � �

anomalous adj. � � � : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL: inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual, normal, or expectedanomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless(#)anomalous ↔ typical/conformity to norms

anonymous adj. � � � : not named or identifiedanonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite

antagonize vt. � � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to act in opposition to : to incur or provoke the hostility of cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonizeplacate ↔ antagonizesynergic ↔ antagonisticpropitiate ↔ antagonizemollify ↔ antagonize/ire

antenna n. � � / � � �

antennae : butterfly :: ??

anterior adj. � � � : coming before in time or developmentanterior ↔ ensuing

anthology n. � � � � compendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=)

antic adj. � � �

: odd, extravagant, or eccentric in style or modefacetious : speech :: antic : behavior

anticipatory adj. � � � / � � � �

: to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment toretrospective ↔ anticipatory

antidote n. � � �

: a remedy to counteract the effects of poison

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritationremedy : disease :: antidote : poisoning

antipathy n. � � / � � : DISTASTE: settled aversion or dislikeantipathy ↔ affection

antique adj. � � � : ANCIENT: existing since or belonging to earlier times

antiseptic n. � � �

: opposing sepsis, putrefaction, or decayoil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect

antonym n. � � �

: a word of opposite meaning

anvil n. � � : a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shapedhammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

apathy n. � � / � � � : IMPASSIVENESS: lack of feeling or emotionennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic(#)

apex n. � � � : the highest or culminating point

aphorism n. � � : ADAGE: a terse formulation of a truth or sentimentbrevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricatureeuphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusepithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

apocalyptic adj. � � � � � � / � � � � : CLIMATIC, PROPHETIC: ultimately decisive: forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world apocalyptic ↔ inconsequentialapocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical

apocrypha n. � � � � � � � � / � �: writings or statements of dubious authenticityapocryphal : authentic :: ??

apologize v. � � � � /� � � �

: to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense: to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing

saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defendapologize : regret :: gibe : derisionapologist ↔ critic/detractor

apophasis n. � � � � : allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned, as in I will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings.apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradoxapophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate(#)

apoplectic adj. � � � �

: of a kind to cause or apparently cause stroke ; greatly agitatedapoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin(>) apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature(#)apoplectic ↔ calm

apostasy n. � � / � � : DEFECTION: renunciation of a religious faith: abandonment of a previous loyaltyapostasy : faith :: recantation : heresyapostasy ↔ fidelity

apostrophe n. � � � �

: a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figuresapostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentenceparenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission /ellipsis (―, …, ***) : omission /asterisk(*) : annotation /caret (^) : interpolation

apothecary n. � � � �

: one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposesapothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat

appall vt. � � � � � � : to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismayappall ↔ embolden/nerveencourage ↔ appall

apparel vt/n. � � � � � / � � : DRESSgaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speaktonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

appeal vi. � � � � remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

appealing adj. � � � � : PLEASINGnoisome ↔ appealing

appease vt. � � � /� � � � � : CALMroil ↔ clarify/appeasevex ↔ pacify/appease/sootheappease ↔ rile

appetite n. � � / � �voracity ↔ lack of appetite

applause n. � � � � / � �

mirth : laughter :: approval : applauseapprove : applause :: ??

applicant n. � � � remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

appoint vt. � � � �

appoint : official :: cast : actor

apposite adj. � � � / � � � � : APTapposite : relevant :: ??apposite ↔ extraneous

appreciable adj. � � � � � / � � � � � �

: capable of being perceived or measuredappreciable ↔ imperceptibleponderable ↔ inappreciable

apprehension n. � � � / � � : FOREBODINGapprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)

apprentice n. � � � : NOVICE

approbation n. � � /� � : COMMENDATION, PRAISEpraise : approbation :: demur : objectioncensure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensibleendorse : approbation :: ??

appropriate adj. � � � : FITTINGmeet ↔ inappropriate/unsuitableapt ↔ extremely inappropriate

appropriate v. ( � � � � � )� � ( � � )� � : to take or make use of without authority or rightlurk : wait :: purloin : appropriatelurk : wait :: abscond : departsmuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate

appropriate ↔ surrender

approve vt. � � � � / � � � �

mirth : laughter :: approval : applausesubstantiate ↔ disapprove

approximate adj. � � � paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise(#)stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulteration

apropos adj. � � � : PERTINENTapropos ↔ irrelevant

apt adj. � � � /~� � � : READY, LIKELYapt ↔ extremely inappropriateapt ↔ unlikelyaptness ↔ unsuitability

aquatic adj. � �

aerial : air :: aquatic : water

aqueduct n. � � : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of flowing wateraqueduct : water :: pipeline : gasaqueduct : water :: vessel : blood

aquifer n. � � �

: a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravelshaft : lode :: well : aquifer

arboreal adj. � � �

arboreal : trees :: sidereal : starsarbor � shelter :: hedgerow� fence

arboretum n. � � �: a place where trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are cultivated for scientific and educational purposesarboretum : trees :: aviary : birdsarboretum : wilderness :: ??

archaic adj. � � � : ANTIQUATEDevanescent : permanency :: archaic : currencyarchaic ↔ current

archipelago n. � �: a group of islandsrange : mountain :: chain : linkchain : link :: archipelago : island(X)galaxy : planet :: archipelago : islandsgrove : trees :: archipelago : islandsoasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean

archetype n. � � / � � : PROTOTYPEharbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify(=)

archive n. � � � � � �

archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weaponarchive : records :: museum : artifacts

archness n. � � � / � � �

archness ↔ straightnessarchness ↔ subordinate/obedience

arctic adj. � � � � / � � � : FRIGIDtorrid ↔ arctic

ardor n. � � / � � : INTENSITYassuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor

argot n. � � argot ↔ standard language/common verbalism

arid adj. � � �

marsh : sodden :: desert : arid

arid ↔ damp

armory n. � � � pantry : food :: armory : weapons

arrest vt. ( � � )� � � � �

: to make inactivearrest ↔ vitalize

arresting adj. � � � � � : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVEblatant : arresting :: odious : disgustingarresting ↔ banal

arrhythmic adj. � � � � � �arrhythmic ↔ regular

arrogance n. � � mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance(#)confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<)intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble(#)

arsenal n. � � � archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon

articulate vt. � � � � � �

: to give clear and effective utterance toratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talkingarticulate : clearly :: shout : loudly

artifacts n. � � �

archive : records :: museum : artifacts

artifice n. � � / � �artifice ↔ candor

artless adj. � � � � / � � �

blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)artless ↔ cunning/guileartlessness ↔ duplicitysly ↔ artlessartless ↔ disingenuousartlessness ↔ urbanityaffectation ↔ artlessness

ascendant n. � � : DOMINATION: a state or position of dominant power or importanceascendant ↔ having no influence

ascent n. � � : ACCLIVITY

ascetic adj/n. � � � / � � � � � ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgenceascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusivenessascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-developmentsybarite/sumptuous ↔ asceticvoluptuary ↔ asceticindulgent ↔ ascetic

aseptic adj. � � � aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs

aside n. � �

: a straying from the themeaside : digression :: overture : introductionaside : digression :: summary : excerptad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

askew adj. � � � � : AWRYaligned ↔ askew

asperity n. � � � � � /� � � � : HARSHNESS: roughness of manner or of temperasperity : optimistic :: ??asperity ↔ mildness of temper/amicability/mildness

aspiration n. � �

audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspirationaudacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubilityaspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey

assert vt. � � � � / � � � �

calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)

assess v. � � � �

assess : value :: plumb : depth

asset n. � � asset ↔ liability

assiduous adj. � � � / � � � � � �

: marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent applicationassiduous ↔ indolentassiduous ↔ desultoryassiduous ↔ slipshod

assuage vt. � � � � � : EASEassuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardorassuage ↔ intensify/inflameassuage ↔ exacerbategall ↔ calm/assuage

assume vt. � � � / � � � � : UNDERTAKE, FEIGN: to take to or upon oneself: to pretend to have or beabdicate ↔ assumeassume ↔ refuse/rejectunassuming ↔ overbearing

astounding adj. � � � � �

indelible : forget :: astounding : expect

astute adj. � � � � � /� � � �

asunder adv. � � � / � � �

asymmetrical adj. � � � �

circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid

asylum n. � � � : SANCTUARYrefugee : asylum :: ??

atone v. ( � � )� � � � � / � � � � : EXPIATE

atrocious adj. � � � : BARBARICatrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>)

attentive adj. � � �

: expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gesturesattentive� officious :: refined � snobbish(+: ) attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous

attenuate v. � � � � � : WEAKENattenuate : force :: decelerate : speedattenuate : force :: alleviate : powerattenuate : thickness :: cool : temperatureattenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitalityattenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strengthcollapse : volume :: attenuate : thicknessdebase : value :: attenuate : force

attorney n. � � �

attorney : defendant :: ???

auction n. � �

audacious adj. � � � /� � � � / � � � � � : ADVENTUROUSaudacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspirationaudacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubilityaudacious : cautious :: ??

audacious : caution :: inedible : foodcircumspect ↔ audacious/reckless/direct encounteraudacious ↔ timid

audible adj. � � � audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious(<)

augur n/v. � � � / � � �

: one held to foretell events by omens

augur : predict :: pundit : opineintercessor : mediate :: augur : predictpundit : opinion :: augur : predictionaugur � predict :: pundit� opineworship : sacrifice :: prediction : auguryaugury : appearance :: ??

auspicious adj. � � � : PROPITIOUSauspicious ↔ boding illauspicious ↔ ominousauspicious ↔ unfavorableinauspicious ↔ favorable

austere adj. � � � /� � �abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate(#)embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure(#)baroque ↔ austere

authenticity n. � � � / � � � : REAL, ACTUAL: the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy, or genuineauthenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#)discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authenticdiscompose : pacific :: engage : tediousdisturbing : composure :: tedious : energy discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous(#)genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity

authority n. � �

authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attentionauthoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisansauthority : superiority :: heretic : unconformitycontumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/noveltyauthor : novel :: chef : banquet

avarice n. � � : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY: excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gainavarice : money :: gluttony : foodstoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfyavarice ↔ generosity

aversion n. � �

aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admirationaversion : inclination :: ??affinity ↔ aversionaversion ↔ courtpenchant ↔ aversionpropensity ↔ aversion

avid adj. � � � � / � � � � �

reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)avid ↔ indifferent

avulsion n. � � � �: a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgicallyavulsion ↔ sutureavulse ↔ link

awash adj. � � � � : FLOODEDawash ↔ dry

awe n. � �redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregardawe ↔ irreverence

awkward adj. � � � / � � � �

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)dexterous : awkward ::??lithe ↔ awkwardsvelte ↔ paunchy and awkward

awl n. � �awl : pierce :: pestle : hash

awning n. � � awning : sun :: umbrella : rain

awry adj. � � � � / � � � : ASKEWawry ↔ aligned/orderly

B

babble vt. � � � � � � � � �

: to utter meaningless or unintelligible soundsbabble : sense :: parrot : originalitybabble ↔ express succinctly

backdrop n. � � �

: a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stageplacebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

backhanded adj. � � � � / � � � � : DEVIOUS: not straightforwardbackhanded ↔ forthright

backset n. � � � � / � � : SETBACKbackset ↔ hike

badge n. � � : a device or token especially of membership in a society or groupchevron : badge :: caisson : cart

badger vt. � � � � � � � �

: to harass or annoy persistentlybadger : bother :: belabor : mentionbadger ↔ mollify

badinage n. � � � � � : BANTER: playful reparteebadinage ↔ serious conversation

bait vt. � � � � � � / � � � � : ENTICE, LURE: to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or persistent attacksbait ↔ disarmbait ↔ mollify

baleful adj. � � �

: deadly or pernicious in influencebale ↔ mirth/benefit

balk v. � � � � / � � � � : BLOCK, DEMUR: to stop short and refuse to proceed: to check or stop by or as if by an obstaclebalk ↔ move ahead willingly

balky adj. � � � : refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expectedbalky ↔ tractable/acquiescent/eager

ballad n. � � �

ballad : stanza :: novel : chapterballad : song :: lyric : poem

ballet n. � � �instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet

ballast n. � � � � � �: something that gives stability (as in character or conduct)truss : support :: ballast : stability

ballot n. � � � � �

: a list of candidates running for officeballot : candidates :: ??

balm n. � � /� � �

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritationbalm ↔ irritantinclement ↔ balmybalmy ↔ piquant

bamboozle v. � � � � : DUPE, HOODWINK: to deceive by underhanded methods

ban n. � �

banal adj. � � � /� � � : TRITE: lacking originality, freshness, or noveltyequivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banalarresting ↔ banalbanal ↔ novelbanality ↔ freshnessbanality ↔ ingeniousnesstrite ↔ unbanal

baneful adj. � � � : seriously harmful

banish vt. � � � � : to require by authority to leave a countryevict : residence :: banish : country

banister n. � � � � �staircase : banister :: garden : fence

barb n. � � / � � � � �

: a biting or pointedly critical remark or commentbarb : caustic :: pan : harsh

barbarous adj. � � � � / � � � / � � � �: lacking culture or refinementbarbarous ↔ sophisticated/civilized barbarize ↔ civilizebarbaric ↔ sophisticated

barefaced adj. � � � � � / � � � � : OPEN, UNCONCEALED: lacking scruplesbarefaced ↔ surreptitiousheadlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame(#)

bargain v. � � � � :HAGGLEdebate : issue :: bargain : price

baroque adj. � � � � � � �: characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance in ornamentaionbaroque ↔ austere

barter v/n. � � � � (� � )correspond : letters :: barter : commoditiesjog : exercise :: barter : trade

base adj. � � / � � �debase : value :: attenuate : forcebase ↔ virtuousbase ↔ noble/patriciansublime ↔ basesublime ↔ common

baseboard n. � � � �

veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall

bathetic adj. � � � : TRITENESS

beatitude n. � � � � �beatitude ↔ misery

bedeck vt. � � � � : DECKbedeck ↔ strip

bedlam n. � � � �

tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive

befuddle vt. ( � � )� � � � � � �

befuddlement : understanding :: ??

belabor vt. � � � � � � � � �

: to discuss repeatedly or at lengthbadger : bother :: belabor : mentionassert : belabor :: tend : fuss

beleaguer vt. � � � � : TROUBLE, HARASSbeleaguer : vexation :: ??beleaguer ↔ delight

belie v. � � � � � � � �

belie ↔ affirm/confirm

belittle vt. � � � � � � : DISPARAGE

belletristic n. � � � �

bellicose adj. � � � � imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)bellicose ↔ appeasing/peaceful

belligerence n. � � �

belligerent ↔ peaceful

bellwether n. � � � / � � � : LEADER: one that takes the lead or initiative also : an indicator of trends bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation

bemoan vt. � � � �

bend vi. � � � �

bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant(#) bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble(#)

benediction n. � � curse ↔ benediction

beneficent adj. � � � � / � � � � �: doing or producing good ; performing acts of kindness and charitybeneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#)philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humornoxious ↔ beneficialtoxic ↔ beneficialbenignant ↔ vicious

bequest n. � � : LEGACYheirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

berate v. � � � � � �: to scold or condemn vehemently and at lengthberate ↔ commend

beseech v. � � � � : IMPLOREsupplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

besmirch v. � � � � / � � � � � : SULLY, SOIL: to make dirty ; to stainbesmirch ↔ honor

betray vt. � � � � / � � � �

bibliophile n. � � � : a lover of books especially for qualities of format; also : a book collectorbibliophile : books :: gourmet : food

bigot n. � � � � �: a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudicesbigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancybigot : tolerance :: liar : honestybigot : dedication :: rage : anger(>)poseur : unaffected :: provincial : cosmopolitanbigoted : advice :: conservative : change

bit n. � � � �bit : drill :: blade : razor

blackout n. � � � � /� � � � : SUPPRESSION

bland adj. � � � / � � � � : DULL, INSIPIDpungency ↔ blandnesstangy ↔ bland

blandishment n. � � : ALLUREMENT: something that tends to coax or cajoleblandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impedeblandishment : coax :: medal : honorblandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceiveblandishment : coax :: threat : intimidateblandishment ↔ threat

blase adj. � � � � � / � � �: apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoymentmiser : munificent :: zealot : blase

blaspheme vi. � � � � � � : REVILE, ABUSE

blast n.v. � �

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>)

blatant adj. � � � � / � � � � : BRAZEN: noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive mannerambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignoreblatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting(=)blatant ↔ inconspicuous/unimpressive/unobtrusiveblatant ↔ subtle

blazon n/vt. � � ( � � ) : PROCLAIM: ostentatious display: to publish widelyalliterate : remove :: blazon : effaceblazon : adorn :: pillar : supportblazon ↔ efface

bleach vt. � � � �

blemish n. � / � �blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless

blender v. � � � �

blight n/v. � � /� � � � �

blighted ↔ hale/sound

bliss n. � � � � � � / � �dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss(<)

blithe adj. � � � / � � � � � �

: lacking due thought or considerationblithe ↔ soundblithe ↔ grave

blunder n. � � �: a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessnessprotocol : blunder :: bumper : damage

blunt adj/v. � � /� � � � �

slacken : tention :: blunt : sharpnessblunt ↔ whet

blurb n. � � � �

: a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket)blurb : notice :: gloss : explanationblurb : notice :: cameo : appearanceflit : move :: blurb : utter

blurt v. � � � � �

: to utter abruptly and impulsivelyblurt : utter :: flit : move

blush n/vi. � � / � � � � � �

blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreementblush : embarrassment :: bow : respectblush : embarrassment :: shrug : indifferenceyawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassmentblush : embarrass :: nod : approve

bluster vt. � � � � � / � � � �

: to talk or act with noisy swaggering threatsblustering : speak :: swaggering : walkpontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless

boding n. � � : PORTENT ,FOREBODINGauspicious ↔ boding ill

boggle vi. � � � � : to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruplesboggle ↔ embolden

boisterous adj. � � � � : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS: marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spiritsboisterous ↔ quiet

bolster n/v. � � � /� � � �

: to support with or as if with a bolsterbolster : support :: tackle : hoistadulterant : pure :: bolster : weak

bombast n. � � � � / � �

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombastbombast ↔ down to earth language/understated/unpretentious

bonhomie n. � � � : GENIALITY: good-natured easy friendlinesscongenial : bonhomie :: ??bonhomie : good natured :: ??

bonus n. � � �bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier

boon n. � � / � � : BENEFIT, FAVORboon ↔ misfortune

boor n. � � �

insensitive : boor :: mischievous : impsensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton

bootless adj. � � � : USELESS, UNPROFITABLEbootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendenceinteresting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)

bore vt. � � / � � � � � �

die : shaping :: drill : boringentrance ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore

box vi. � � � � � �

box : fight :: debate : argue

bracing adj. � � � � � �

: giving strength, vigor, or freshnessbracing ↔ vapid

bracket n. ( � � ,� � � � )� � �buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf

brackish adj. � � � : REPULSIVE: not appealing to the taste brackish : repulsive :: ??

braggart n. � � � �

braided adj. (� � � ) � �grooved : striating :: braided : stranded

brake n. � � � �divert : shunt :: retard : brakebrake : decelerate :: clamp : compress

brash adj. � � �: heedless of the consequencesfrivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion

brassy adj. � � � � �: being shamelessly bolddiffident/unassertive ↔ brassyfurtive ↔ open/forthright/brassybrassy ↔ humble/unassertive/reserved

bravura adj. � � � bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance

brazen adj. � � � � � : IMPUDENCE: marked by contemptuous boldnessbrazen : impudent :: deadpan :impassivebrazen ↔ modestbrazen ↔ self efface

breach n/v. � � / � � � � �: a break in accustomed friendly relations : a temporary gap in continuity: to make a breach inbreach ↔ solder

breezeway n. � � � � � �

breezeway : building :: stairway : floor

brevity n. � �brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricatureexaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram

bribe v. � � � � � � �

bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible

bridle v. � � � �

bridled ↔ without restraint

brisk adj. � � � : LIVELYponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/brisk

bristle n/v. ( � � � � � � )� � � � �bristle : anger :: vacillate : unresolutionbristle ↔ cower

brittle adj. � � � � � �

manifest : perceive :: brittle : break

broach v. � � � � � � � � �

: to open for the first timebroach ↔ close off

bromide n. � � � � � �equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyedbromide ↔ unhackneyed speech

browbeat vt. � � � � instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

bruit vt. � � � � � � � : REPORTbruit ↔ keep secret

buck v. � � � � � � � : BALKbuck ↔ assent to

bucolic adj. � � � � / � � �palatial : hovel :: bucolic : citybucolic ↔ urbanbucolic ↔ sophisticated

budge vi. � � � � � � : YIELD: to give waypalter : candor :: budge : diehard

buffer v. (� � � ) � �buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumsance

buffoon n. � � � : CLOWNludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine/humorous : wag

bully n. � � : one habitually cruel to others who are weakerinstigator : incite :: bully : browbeatbully : intimidation :: dupe/stupid : gullibilitybully : scare :: ??underdog ↔ bully

bumper n. � � � � � �

: a device for absorbing shock or preventing damageprotocol : blunder :: bumper : damage

bumptious adj. � � � / � � � : OBTRUSIVE: presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertivedour : geniality :: bumptious : humblenessdour : tractable :: bumptious : humblenessimpetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humblenessbumptious : disrepect :: ??bumptious ↔ humble

bungle v. � � � � � � �

: to act or work clumsily and awkwardlybungle ↔ bring off

buoy vt. � � � / � � � � : SUPPORT, UPLIFTbuoyed ↔ unsupported

buoyant adj. � � � / � � � � � : CHEERFUL, GAY: capable of floatingbend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant/dissolve : insolublebuoyant : float :: heavy : drophangdog ↔ buoyantbuoyant ↔ sinking

burgeon v. � � � / � � � � : FLOURISH: to grow and expand rapidlyburgeon ↔ witherburgeon ↔ subdue

burial n. � � : INTER: the act or process of buryinginter : burial :: obliterate : removal

burlesque n. � � �

: mockery usually by caricature

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockerydoggerel : verse :: burlesque : play

burnish v/n. � � � � /� �: to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbingnumb : insensible :: burnish : lustrousburnish : dull :: mar : flawless

burrow n. ( � � ,� � )�ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<)

buttress n. � � �: a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or buildingstrut : wing :: buttress : wall buttress : wall :: bracket : shelfbuttress : edifice :: splint : limbaegis : protection :: buttress : support

buttress v. � � � � : SUPPORT/STRENGTHEN: to furnish or shore up with a buttressbuttress : edifice :: splint : fractureaegis : protection :: buttress :supportcontravene ↔ buttress

bygone n. � � � � : PAST,OUTMODED

byline n. � � � � � � �

: a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article, or book giving the writer's namearticle : byline :: movie : credits

C

cabal n. � � � � � �

: the artifices and intrigues of a group of persons secretly united to bring about an overturn or usurpation especially in public affairscabal : association :: plot : plan

cacophony n. � � � � : DISSONANCE: harsh or discordant soundcacophony : sound :: malodor : scentcacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skillcacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious

cadet n. � � /� �: one in training for a military or naval commissioncadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog

cadge v. � � � � � � � : BEG, SPONGE: to beg or obtain by begging ; to spongecadge ↔ earn

caisson n. � � � �

chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

cajole v. (� � � � ) � � � ~� � � � : COAX: to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctanceblandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

calamitous adj. � � � � � � �

: being, causing, or accompanied by calamity

calcify vi. � � � � �

: to make inflexible or unchangeablecalcification ↔ flexibility

calibrate vt. � � � � � / � � � � � � � � �

: to ascertain the caliber of : to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining the deviation from a standard so as to ascertain the proper correction factors

measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter/gauge : pressure /plumb : depth calibrated ↔ unstandardized

calligrapher n. � � �

callow adj. � � � � : IMMATURE/GREEHORN: lacking adult sophisticationfrank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity(#)callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced(#)callow : mature :: capricious : deliberate(#)?? :: expertise : greenexperience : green :: pelf : impecuniouscallow ↔ behaving with adult/sophisticatedcallow ↔ mature

callous v/n/adj. � � � � � � � / � / � � �

callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicitygully : erosion :: callous : frictioncallous ↔ sympatheticcallous ↔ compassionate

calorie n. � � �

power : watt :: heat : calorie /decibel : sound /volt : electricity

calumniate v. � � � � /� � � �

: to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations aboutcorroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehoodcalumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)calumny : representation :: perjury : testimonycalumniate ↔ vindicatecalumnious ↔ flatteringcalumny ↔ approbation/eulogy

camaraderie n. � �

camaraderie/comity ↔ enmity

cameo n. � � � � � / � � � � �: a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell: a small theatrical role usually performed by a well-known actor and often limited to a single scenepeccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture(<)blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance

camouflage n. � � / � � �

: behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hidecamouflage ↔ exposurecode : meaning :: camouflage : location

candidate n. � � �

roster : personnel :: slate : candidate

candor n. � � � � / � � : FORTHRIGHTNESS: freedom from prejudice or malice: unreserved, honest, or sincere expressionpalter : candor :: budge : diehardcandor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation(#)artifice ↔ candor

cane n. � � �cane : walk :: glasses : see

canon n. � � / � � � � � � � � � � �: an accepted principle or rule: the authentic works of a writerreligion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxycanonical : conforming :: qualified : limitedcanon ↔ apocryphacanonical ↔ nontraditional

cantankerous adj. � � � � / � � � � � �: difficult or irritating to deal with

canvas n. � �

canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor

canvass v. ( � � )� � � � � : SOLICIT: to seek orders or votesexponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

canyon n. � � � �ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<)

capitulate v. (� � � ) � � � � : ACQUIESCE: to surrender often after negotiation of termsacquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categoricalcapitulate ↔ resistcapitulation ↔ resistance

caprice n. � �caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive/discontent : unsatisfiedcaprice : whimsical :: insight : discerningapophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberationcapricious ↔ steadfastcaprice ↔ confirmation

captivate vt. � � � � � � �

captivate ↔ repulse

caretaker n. � � � � � / � � �

careworn adj. � � � � � � � �: showing the effect of grief or anxietycareworn ↔ lighthearted

caricature n. � � � �

: exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristicsbrevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricatureexaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigrampithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

carouse vi. � � � � � � � �

: to drink liquor deeply or freelyroisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

carp vi. � � � �: to find fault or complain querulouslycaviler : carping :: libertine : licentiouscomplain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)

cartographer n. � � � � �

cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing/lexicographer : dictionary

cast n/v. � � (� � )appoint : official :: cast : actorletter : signature :: playbill : cast

castigation n. � �: to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticismcastigation : disapproval :: misbehavior : crimecastigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial/glorification : merit(>)castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislikepeccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation

castle n. �castle : turret :: sea : beacon

catalyze vt. � � � � � : BRING ABOUT, INSPIREcatalyze ↔ retardenzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe

catastrophe n. � � �catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)

categorical adj. � � � � : ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIEDacquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categoricalcategorical ↔ qualified/conditional

cater vi. � � � � � � �

: to supply what is required or desired

catholic adj. � � � � / � � � � � : UNIVERSAL: broad in sympathies, tastes, or interestscatholic ↔ narrow

caustic adj. � � � / � � �barb : caustic :: pan : harshcaustic : eat away :: desiccant : drycaustic ↔ palliating/genial

cavalier adj. � � � � � � � � / � � � : DEBONAIR: marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful dismissal of important matterscavalierly : deliberation :: ??

caveat n. � � / � �

overture : introductory :: caveat : warning

cavern n. � � �

ditch : canyon :: burrow : caverncavern : spelunker :: ocean : divergrotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel

cavil v. � � � �: to raise trivial and frivolous objectioncavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)caviler : carping :: libertine : licentiousencomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavilnitpick : criticize ::cavil : objectnitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

cavort vi. � � � � � : PRANCEdodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

cede vt. � � � �

cede : possesion :: ??

celebrity n. � � � � celebration : decry :: slight : show respect(#)celebrity ↔ obscurity

cell n. � �cell : membrane :: seed : hull

cement v. � � � �

: to unite or make firm by or as if by cementcement ↔ fracture

censor vt/n. � � � / � � � �

: to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionablecensorship : communication :: preservative : decaycensorship : information :: sanitation : diseasevendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

censorious adj. � � � � � �

: marked by or given to censurepliable : influence :: censorious : condemncensorious : critical :: ??

censure n/v. � � / � � (� � ): to find fault with and criticize as blameworthylamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censureremonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censurecensure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensibleexonerate ↔ censureextol ↔ censure

census n. � � � �

: a usually complete enumeration of a populationcensus : population :: inventory : stock

centrifuge n. � � � � �

centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain

ceremony n. � �affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony

cessation n. � � / � � : STOPcessation ↔ commencement/start

certitude n. � �

: the state of being or feeling certaincertitude ↔ obscurity

chaff n. � �winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

chagrin n. � � � / � �

: disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure chargrin : mind :: grimace : face

chargrin ↔ elation

chamber n. � / � � � � �

chameleon n. � � � �salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

champion vt. � � /� � � � : UPHOLD, ADVOCATEchampion ↔ disparageimpugn ↔ champion

charade n. � � � � � � � � � � � � / � �

: a game in which some of the players try to guess a word or phrase from the actions of another player who may not speak: an empty or deceptive act or pretensecharade : word :: mime : storycharade : dissimulate :: void : empty

charlatan n. � � � / � � � : FRAUD/FAKER

chary adj. � � � / � � � � �

chary ↔ bold/rash

chasm n. � � � : GORGEcleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

check n/v. � � � � � � (� � ): to block the progress ofjolt : move :: check : stoppropagate/hasten ↔ check

chef n. � � �

author : novel :: chef : banquetwriter : novel :: chef : banquet

cherubic adj. � � � � � cherubic ↔ somber

chevron n. � � � � (� � � )chevron : badge :: caisson : cart

chiaroscuro n. � � � � �

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacychiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

chic adj. � � � � : STYLE

chicanery n. � � � / � � : TRICKERY: deception by artful subterfuge or sophistrychicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthfulgullible : chicanery :: servile : dominationchicanery ↔ guilelessnesschicanery ↔ forthrightnesschicanery ↔ honest dealing

chide v. � � � / � � � � � : SCOLD: to voice disapproval to:reproach in a usually mild and constructive mannerchide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)

chip n. � �

chip : stone :: shard : glass

choke vt. � � � � �

smother : choke :: ??

choleric adj. � � � � / � � �

: easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger ; hot-temperedcowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonizecholeric ↔ difficult to provoke/pacificcholeric : rile :: volatile : rousecholeric : rile :: partial : biascholer : antagonize :: ??

chord n. � �: three or more musical tones sounded simultaneouslychord : note :: river : streamchord : note :: grove : treechord : tone :: ode : poemriver : � �stream : river � � � � � � � � � � � �creek : � � � , � � � �

brook, rivulet, streamlet : � � � � � � � � � �

rill : � � � � � �

choreography n. � �: the composition and arrangement of dances especially for balletchoreography : dance :: plot : storychoreographer : movement :: architect : building

chromatic adj. � � �chromatic ↔ colorless

chronic adj. � � � � / � � � : INVETERATE: marked by long duration or frequent recurrencechronic ↔ sporadic

chronicle n. � � �

chronological adj. � � � � dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological

chunk n. � � � �

chunk ↔ flake

churlish adj. � � � � / � � � � : SURLY: marked by a lack of civility or graciousnessannoying : gadfly :: rude : churlcomplaisance ↔ churlishnessgenteel ↔ churlish

cinder n. � � : DROSS

cipher n. � �cipher : cryptic :: precis : concise

circuitous adj. � � � �

: not being forthright or direct in language or actionimmaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness

circumference n. � � border : country :: circumference : circle

circumlocutory adj. � � �

: having use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an ideacircumlocutation ↔ pithy utters

circumspect adj. � � � : PRUDENT: careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequencescircumspect ↔ audacious/recklesstemerity ↔ circumspection

circumvent vt. � � � � � � �

: to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagemtcircumvent ↔ confrontcircumvention ↔ direct encounter

cistern n. � � �cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse

citation n. � � �summons : citation :: ??

civility n. � � � �

: COURTESY, POLITENESScivility ↔ rudeness

clandestine adj. � � � : SURREPTITIOUSclandestine : secretly :: overt : openlyclandestine ↔ open

clarion adj. � � �: brilliantly clear ; loud and clearclarion ↔ soft and indistinct

clarity n. � � � : LUCIDITYambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truthconsensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusionequivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truthequivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense/obfuscation : claritymisunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retractramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarityroil ↔ clarify/appeaseobfuscate/opaque ↔ clarify

clasp n. � �lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

cleft n. � � � � cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

clement adj. � � � � / � � � : LENIENT

cliche n. � � � �hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché : originality

cling vi. � � � �

clique n. � �clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

clog n. � � � : ENCUMBRANCE: something that shackles or impedesclog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations

closet n/adj. � � / � � �

clothing n. � �

pantry : food :: closet/wardrobe : clothes

clot n. � � � � � clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed

cloudburst n. � �: a sudden copious rainfallgust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall

clout n. � � � : PULL, INFLUENCEclout ↔ impuissance

cloying adj. � � � � � � / � �: excessively sweet or sentimentalgarrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet/loquacious : talkative

clumsy adj. � � � � / � �

coagulant n. � � �

coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolvecoagulant ↔ liquefier/dissolvent

coalesce v. � � � � : FUSEcoalesce ↔ disaggregatecoalesce ↔ sunder

coarse adj. � � � / � � � �

: rough, especially to the touch: adjusted or designed for heavy, fast, or less delicate workcoarse : surface :: ??fastidious ↔ coarse

coax vt. � � � � � � � � : CAJOLE: to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flatteryequivocation : coax :: explanation : enlightenblandishment : coax :: medal : honor/prevarication : deceive

coda n. � � � � � �dessert : meal :: epilogue : play/coda : sonatacoda ↔ overture

coeval adj. � � � � � : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or durationcongruent : dimension :: coeval : age

cogent adj. � � � � � : CONVINCING: appealing forcibly to the mind or reasoncogent : convince :: repugnant : repelcogent ↔ unconvincing

cogitate v. � � /� � � �

philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack

cognizant adj. � � � / � � � �

: knowledgeable of something especially through personal experienceincognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy(#)cognizant ↔ oblivious

colander n. � � �: a perforated utensil for washing or draining food

centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain

collapse vt. � � � � �

: to fall or shrink together abruptly and completelycollapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)collapse : implode :: steep : immersecollapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness

collude v. � � � � : CONSPIRE, PLOTcollude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey

colonnade n. � �: a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structurecolonnade : pillar :: queue : person

coltish adj. � � �

: not subjected to disciplinecoltish� discipline :: loutish� grace

coma n. � � � �

coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

combustible adj. � � � �

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape

comely adj. � � � /� � �: having a pleasing appearance ; not homely or plaincomeliness ↔ unattractiveness

commencement n. � � / � � � � �

: an act, instance, or time of beginningcessation ↔ commencementcease ↔ inaugurate/commencecommencement ↔ matriculation

commend vt. � � � � : PRAISEexecrable ↔ commendable/laudable

commensurate adj. � � � / � � � � preponderant ↔ commensuratetantamount ↔ incommensurate

commentary n. � �

commercial n. � �

advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal

commitment n. � � / � �

crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decisiondilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequencedisaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment/convictionambivalent ↔ commitment

committed adj. � � � � profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed

commodious adj. � � � / � � : ROOMY: comfortably or conveniently spacioustaut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieucommodious ↔ constricted/cramped

commonsense n. � �preposterous ↔ commonsensical

commotion n. � � /� � : TO-DOsquall : commotion :: flash : illumination

compendium n. � � : ABSTRACT: a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of knowledgecompendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=)encyclopedia : compendious :: ??

compensate v. � � � � : BALLNCE

complaisance n. � � � / � � � : AFFABILITYcomplaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit complaisance ↔ churlishnesscomplaisance ↔ obstinacy

compliant adj. � � � : SUBMISSIVEcompliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield

compliment vt. � � / � � � �

apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressedvituperative ↔ complimentary

comply vi. � � � � � �

mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain

composed adj. � � � : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED: free from agitationdistraught/frenetic ↔ composed

compress vt. � � � � compression ↔ increase in volume distention ↔ compression

compromise n/v. � � / � � � �

mediation : compromise :: prosecution : convictionimplacable : compromise :: honest : swindleintransigent ↔ open to compromisecompunction n. � � � � �

: anxiety arising from awareness of guiltunrepentant ↔ compunctious

concatenate v. (� � � � � ) � � � �

concatenate ↔ separate

concede v. � � � � / � � � � concede ↔ refuse to grant

concentrate v. � � � � / � � � � � : FOCUSconcentrate ↔ dilute solutiondeploy ↔ concentrate

concerted adj. � � � � �

concerted ↔ individually devised

concerto n. � � �

conciliate v. � � � / � � � �

sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportiveconciliate ↔ vex/nettle/discontentvex ↔ conciliationcontentious ↔ conciliatory

conciseness n. � � �synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity

concord n. � � / � � : HARMONYconcord ↔ dissensiondissonance ↔ concord

concur vi. � � � � / � � � �

concur ↔ naysayconcur ↔ object/dissent

condemn vt. � � � �

countenance ↔ condemnexaltation ↔ condemnationextol ↔ condemn/impugn/detract

condescending adj. � � � � : PATRONIZINGcondescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawnpatronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

condign adj. � � � / � � � : DESERVED, APPROPRIATEcondign ↔ undeserved/unmerited

condolence n. � � / � �

condolence : sympathy/compassion :: gibe : derision

condone vt. � � � � / � � � � � condone ↔ denouncecondone ↔ exact

conducive adj. � � � � / � � � � : tending to promote or assistconducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate

confederacy n. � � : ALLIANCE

confess v. � � � � recantation : error :: confession : crime

confidant n. � � � � �

confident adj. � � � � �

confident : timid :: open : shy(#)confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<)

confine vt. � � � �

loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception

confluence n. � � � /� �confluence : streams :: junction : roadsconfluence ↔ divergence

conform v. � � � � / � � � : to be similar or identical: to be obedient or compliantincongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey

confront vt. � � � : OPPOSEcraven : confront :: honest : deceivecircumvent ↔ confront

congeal v. � � � � � : COAGULATEcongeal ↔ melt/disintegratedcongeal ↔ fail to solidify

congenial adj. � � � � � : SOCIABLE, GENIALdour ↔ genial/congenial

congruent adj. � � � � / � � � �

congruent : dimension :: coeval : ageincongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obeyvariance ↔ congruitycongruent ↔ disagreeable

conjecture n/v. � � (� � )conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculationconjecture ↔ fact

connive v. � � � � : CONSPIRE: to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful actionconnive : coorperate :: spy : watchuncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver

connoisseur n. � � � � �

: one who understands the details, technique, or principles of an art and is competent to act as a critical judgeconnoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisineselflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur

conquest n. � �inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

conscientious adj. � � � � / � � � � � : SCRUPULOUS: thorough and assiduousconscientious ↔ unaware/carelessconscious ↔ unwitting

consensus n. � � / � � : UNANIMITY: general agreement consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#)expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalismlaw : criminality :: consensus : factionalismschism : consensus :: interruption : continuityconsensus ↔ factionalism

conservative adj. � � � � : TRADITIONALbigoted : advice :: conservative : changecontumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/novelty

conservatory n. � � / � � � �

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology/observatory : astronomy

conserve v. � � � � : to avoid wasteful or destructive use ofconserve ↔ waste/squander/exhaust

considerable adj. � � � / � � � : SIGNIFICANTrestive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)

consignment n. � �consignment : invoice :: ??

console v. � � � � : COMFORTembarrass : shame :: console : comfortconsole ↔ aggravate grief

consolidate vt. � � � � /� � � � : UNITE: to join together into one wholeconsolidation ↔ fragmentationconsolidate ↔ dissolve

consonance n. � � consonant ↔ dissentient/dissonant

conspicuous adj. � � � � : STRIKING: attracting attention authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attentionconspicuous : see :: transparent : understandconspicuous : sheltered :: ??blatant ↔ inconspicuousnondescript ↔ conspicuoussalient ↔ unconspicuous

constellation n. � � � : the configuration of stars especially at one's birthconstellation : star :: chord : note

constitute vt. � � � �

abdicate ↔ constitute

constrained adj. � � �

constrain ↔ releaseintemperate ↔ constrained

consultation n. � �

contagious adj. � � � � : CATCHINGsprain : injury :: cold : contagion contagious ↔ incommunicable

contaminate vt. � � � � �

hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination/safeguard : accident

contemplate vt. � � � � � �

contempt n. � � : DISDAINmeasly : contemptibly :: puny : weaklyparagon : admire :: pariah : contemptredoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregardwince : pain :: smile : pleasure/pout : displeasure /sneer : contemptestimable ↔ contemptiblecontemptible ↔ popular

content adj. � � � /� � � �

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : convictiongripe : discontent :: praise : admirationadmiration : praise:: discontent: complaindisaffected ↔ contentrestiveness ↔ contentment

contentious adj. � � � � / � � � � � � �

: exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputescontentious ↔ conciliatorycontention ↔ general agreement

contingent adj. � � � � � � : POSSIBLE: likely but not certain to happen

contradictory adj. � � � paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise

contravene v. � � � � : CONTRADICTcontravene ↔ support

contretemps n. � � � � � / � �

contrite adj. � � � � � �

: grieving and penitent for sin or shortcomingapologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed

contrived adj. � � � / � � : ARTIFICIAL, LABOREDcontrived : design :: ??

contumacious adj. � � � � : REBELLIOUS: stubbornly disobedientcontumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/noveltycontumacious ↔ obedient

conundrum n. � � � �

: an intricate and difficult problem

conundrum : solve :: ??conundrum : confuse :: ??

convalesce vi. � � � � � � � recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

convenience n. � � � � � �opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transienceopportune ↔ inconvenient

convention n. � �overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : conventioneccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiatedoffbeat ↔ conventionalossify ↔ transcend conventions

convergent adj. � � � � : CONVERGING: tending to move toward one point or to approach each otherconverge ↔ spread out/ramifyconvergent ↔ moving apartdiscrepancy ↔ convergence

conversant adj. � � � � � / � � �

: having frequent or familiar association: having knowledge or experienceconversant ↔ unfamiliarconversant ↔ ignorantconversance ↔ lack of familiarity

convert vt. � � � � �

: to bring over from one belief, view, or party to anotherveer : direction :: convert : beliefhunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert

convex n. � � �convex ↔ dent

convey vt. � � � � / � � � �

collude : cooperate :: smuggle : conveysplint : immobilize :: duct : convey

conviction n. � � � � / � �

disaffected : contentment :: dubious : convictionmediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

convivial adj. � � � / � � � �

convivial : social :: ??

convoke v. � � � �

convoke ↔ adjourn

convoluted adj. � � � / � � � : INVOLVED, INTRICATEconvoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience

convulsion n. � � : an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the musclesconvulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion

coop n. � � corral : horses :: coop : chickens

copious adj. � � � � �

copious ↔ sparse

coquette n. � � � �

supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

cord n. � � � � �ream : paper :: cord : wood

cordon n. � � �: a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to prevent passagelevee : river :: cordon : crowd

cornucopia n. � � : ABUNDANCEcornucopia ↔ lack/pittance

coronation n. � � �

coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage

corporeal adj. � � � � : SUBSTANTIAL: not immaterial or intangible: not spiritualcorporeal ↔ intangible/disembodiedspiritual ↔ corporealincorporeal ↔ incarnate

corral n. � �corral : horses :: coop : chickens

corroborate vt. � � � �

: to support with evidence or authority corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehoodcorroboration ↔ lessening of certainty

corrosive n. � � �etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

cosmopolitan adj. � � � � / � � � �

: having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearingbigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan bigot : tolerant :: servile : dominationinsularity ↔ cosmopolitanisminsular ↔ cosmopolitan

cosset v. � � � � � � : PAMPER: to treat as a petcosset ↔ slightcosseted ↔ unspoiled

coterie n. � � � � � ·� � � � � � �: an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose

coterie : group :: ??

countenance v. � � / � � � � : SANCTION: to extend approval or toleration tocountenance ↔ condemn

counterfeit n. � � /� � : FORGED: something made in imitation of something else with intent to deceive

sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money

counterpart n. � � : DUPLICATE

couplet n. 2 � � � : DISTICH: unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unitcouplet : sentence :: ??

court n/v. � � / � � ( � � ): conduct or attention intended to win favor or dispel hostilityaversion ↔ courtcourt ↔ repel intentionally/repulse intentionally/snubspurn ↔ court ,crave, embrace

courtesy n. � �

coven n. 13 � � � � �retainer : retinue :: witch : covenretinue : attendant :: coven : witch /staff : officer

covetous adj. � � � � �: marked by inordinate desire for wealth or possessions or for another's possessionstroubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)

cow v. � � � �

: to destroy the resolve or courage ofcowed ↔ undauntedembolden ↔ abash/faze/cow

cowardice n. � �coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscatepluck ↔ cowardice

cower vi. � � � �

: to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from something that menaces, domineers, or dismaysfear : cower :: anger : rantbristle ↔ cower

craft n. � � : DEXTERITY

cramp adj/v. � � � / � � � � � : CONFINE, RESTRAINcommodious ↔ constricted/cramped

crass adj. � � � � � �

: crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and sensibilitycrass ↔ refined

craven adj. � � � / � � �

: lacking the least bit of couragecraven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthriftcraven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#)heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#)craven : confront :: honest : deceivedastard : craven :: dupe : gullible

craving n. � � � � / � �: an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing

terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)spurn ↔ court/crave/embrace

credence n. � � credence ↔ distrust

creek n. � � �hill : mountain :: creek : river

creep v. � � � � / � � � �

: to go very slowly ; to go timidly or cautiously so as to escape notice: to enter or advance gradually so as to be almost unnoticedcreep ↔ moved swiftly

crescendo n. � � � � � � (� � )

crest n. � � ( � � � � � )crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountain

crestfallen adj. � � � / � � � : DEJECTED: feeling shame or humiliation

criteria n. � �

cronyism n. � � ( � � � � )nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friendnepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud

croon v. � � � � �

: to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring mannercroon : sing :: murmur : speak

crop n. � � � : COLLECTIONcrop ↔ pittance

crouch v. � � � � / � � � � � : CRINGE

crown vt. � � � � � �

inaugurate : president :: install : official/crown : king

crucial adj. � � � � : DECISIVE: important or essential as resolving a crisisrelevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)crucial ↔ inconsequential

crude adj. � � � delicacy ↔ crudity

crutch n. � � / � � �: a support typically fitting under the armpit for use by the disabled in walkingcrutch : walk :: glasses : seecrutch : support :: glasses : see

crux n. (� � � � � ) � �: an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcomecrux ↔ peripheral elementcrux ↔ pettiness

cryptic adj. � � � : MYSTERIOUScipher : cryptic :: précis : concisecryptic : perplex :: ??cryptic ↔ self explanatory

cuisine n. � �

connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine

culpable adj. � � � � � � �: meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmfulexemplary : imitation :: culpable : blameculpable ↔ innocent

cultivate v. � � � � : ENCOURAGEcultivate ↔ impede

cultivated adj. � � � � / � � � : REFINED, EDUCATEDferal ↔ cultivated

cumbersome adj. ( � � � � )� � � � �: unwieldy because of heaviness and bulkcumbersome ↔ easy to handle/handy/wieldy

cunning adj. � � � /� � �

artless ↔ cunning/guileingenuous ↔ cunning

curative adj. � � �

curator n. � � � �

ranger : forest :: curator : museum

curmudgeon n. � � � � �: an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notionscurmudgeon ↔ agreeable person

cursory adj. � � � / � � � � : HASTY: rapidly and often superficially performed or producedcursory ↔ painstakingly thoroughfastidious ↔ easygoing/cursory/uncritical

curt adj. � � � / � � � � : TERSE: sparing of wordscurt : words :: parsimonious : resource/money

curtail vt. � � � �

: to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some partcurtail : period :: enervate : energy protract ↔ curtail

cyclone n. � � � ( � � ) snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

cynical adj. � � � � / � � � � : contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motivesingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness

D

dabble vi. ( � � � � )� � �

: to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interestdabble ↔ dedicate/devotedabbler ↔ specialistdabble : superficial :: ??

daft adj. � � � � / � � � � � : SILLY, INSANEdaft ↔ judiciousdaft : saint :: ??

daguerreotype n. � � � � �

dally vi. � � � � : to act playfullydally : playfull :: ??

damp n/a/v. � � / � � � / � � � � � : MOISTURE,HUMIDITY, DAMPNESStint : suffuse :: damp : quenchdamp ↔ amplifysere ↔ lush/damp

dander n. � : ANGER

dandy n. � � � miser : hoard :: dandy : preen /sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine

dank adj. � � �

dank : moisture :: ??

dapper adj. � � � : NATTY: neat and trim in appearancedapper : fastidious :: ??

dapper/natty↔ frowzy/slovenlyunkempt/slovenly ↔ dapper

dappled adj. � � � � �striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spot

daredevil adj/n. � � � � � � / � � � �: a recklessly bold personprudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpletondaredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction

dart v. � � � � � � �

: to move suddenly or rapidly falldescend : plummet :: move : dart

daunt v. � � � � : COW, SUBDUE: to lessen the courage ofdauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachmentdauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible� restraincowed ↔ undaunteddaunt ↔ embolden/make resolutedaunting ↔ meekdauntless ↔ craven/easily discouraged/pusillanimous

dawdle v. � � � � /� � � � �

hie ↔ dawdle

deactivate vt. � � � � � � /� � � � � �

: to make inactive or ineffectivedeactivate ↔ potentiate

deaden vt. � � � � � � � : BLUNTtonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden

deadpan adj. � � � � � �

impudence : brazen :: deadpan : impassive

dearth n. � � /� � : LACKplethora ↔ dearthspate ↔ dearth

debase v. (� � ,� � )� � � � �

debase : value :: attenuate : forceenervation : vitality :: debasement : valuedebase ↔ ennoble

debilitate vt. � � � � � : ENFEEBLE: to impair the strength ofattenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strengthdebilitate ↔ invigorate/fortify

debris n. � � � �

debris : destroy :: ash : burn

debunk v. (� � )� � � � � � �

debunk ↔ affirm/perpetuate to shamdebunk ↔ unexposuredebunk ↔ shroud

debut n. � �debut ↔ farewell performancedebut : career :: embark : journey

decadence n. � � / � �decadence ↔ wholesomeness

decant vt. (� � � ) � � � � � �

subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour

decentralize v. (� � � � � � )� � � � �

decibel n. � � �decibel : sound :: volt : electricity /watt : power /lumen : light

decipher vt. � � � � �

legible : decipher :: ??decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component

decode vt. � � � � � tacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)

decorum n. � � � / � � � �

: propriety and good taste in conduct or appearancemiscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorumdecorum ↔ improprietymangy ↔ sleek

decrepit adj. � � � / � � �: wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of old agedecrepit ↔ vigorous

dedication n. � � / � �: a devoting or setting aside for a particular purposebigot : dedication :: rage : anger(>)zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest(>)dabble ↔ dedicate/devote

default v. � � � � � � � : a failure to pay financial debtsdefault : pay :: yield : resist(#)

defer v. � � � � / � � �

: to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respectdefer : leader :: admire : herodeferential : offend :: scornful : respectintransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offendfrugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)impudent ↔ deferential/respectfuldeferential ↔ contemptibledeferential ↔ imperious

deficiency n. � � /� � : SHORTAGE: an amount that is lacking or inadequatesurfeit ↔ deficiency

defile v/n. � � � � / � � �: a narrow passage or gorgeprecipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness

defoliant n. � � �: a chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to cause the leaves to drop off prematurely

defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect

defraud vt. � � � � � �: to deprive of something by deception or fraud

deft adj. � � � � � /� � � �

craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)deft ↔ maladroitdeft ↔ clumsy

defuse vt. (� � ) � � � � � �

: to make less harmful, potent, or tensedefuse ↔ foment

defy vt. ( � � � � � ) � � � � : DARE: to challenge to do something considered impossible: to confront with assured power of resistanceacquiesce ↔ defydefy ↔ not challenge/obey

dehydrate vt. � � � � � /� � � �

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydrationdehydrate : water :: wither : vitalitydehydrate : water :: fade : brightnessfatigue : rest/repose :: dehydration : waterdescent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture

dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetationdehydrate : moisture :: attenuate :powerreconstitute ↔ dehydrate

deification n. � � �deification ↔ debasementdeify ↔ speak with contempt

deject vt. � � � � �

mollify : anger :: heart : dejectiondejected : embarrassment :: ??dejected ↔ exultantdeject ↔ gladden

deleterious adj. � � � / � � �

wholesome ↔ deleteriousdeleterious ↔ salutary/salubriousdeleterious ↔ beneficial

deliberate adj. � � � apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberatehasty ↔ characterized by deliberationhasty ↔ deliberateimpetuous ↔ deliberate

delicacy n. � � / � � � : FINENESSingenuous : guile :: delicacy : offensedelicacy ↔ crudityhusky ↔ delicate

delinquent adj. � � �

delirium n. � � � � � / � � : a mental disturbance characterized by confusion, disordered speech, and hallucinationscoma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion

delude vt. � � � / � � � � : DECEIVE, TRICKdelusion : thought :: hallucination : perceptiontransparent ↔ delusive

deluge n. � � � rain : deluge :: wind : hurricanedroplet : deluge :: pebble : landslidedeluge ↔ drizzle

delve v. � � � � � �

: to make a careful or detailed search for informationquaff : sip :: delve : skimscrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim

demagogue n. � � �

demagogue : instruct :: ??

demise n. � � : DIE, DECEASE

demography n. � � �

demography : population :: meteorology : weather

demolition n. � �

recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

demoralize vt. � � � � / � � � � � : DISCOURAGE, DISPIRIT: to weaken the morale of dispirit : morale :: enervate : strengthdemoralize ↔ invigorate

demotic adj. � � �

: of or relating to the common peopledemotic ↔ profound

demur v. � � � � / � � � � � � �

: to voice oppositiondemur : qualms :: waver : irresolutenessdemur ↔ accept

demystify vt. � � � � � � � � / � � � �

den n. �

denigrate vt. � � � / � � � � : DEFAMEdenigrate ↔ honor

denouement n. � � � : the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary workjoke : punch line :: plot : denouement

denounce v. � � � �

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<)admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denialcastigation : reproof :: glorification : meritcondone ↔ denounce

denude v. � � � � �

denude ↔ cover

denunciation n. � � / � � � � � �

castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial (>)

depart vi. � � � : LEAVEabscond : depart :: pilfer : takeabscond : depart :: lurk : wait abscond : depart :: purloin : appropriate

depict vt. � � / � � � �

deplete vt. � � � � �

enrich ↔ deplete

deplore vt. � � � � � /� � � � � � � �

: to feel or express grief for ; to regret strongly: to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecationdeplore ↔ laud/rejoicedeplore ↔ express accolade/extol

deploy v. � � � � /� � � �

deploy ↔ concentrate

deportation n. � � � � deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling

depose vt. � � � �

: to testify to under oath or by affidavitperjure ↔ depose

deposit n. � � �

deposit ↔ process of eroding

depravity n. � � /� �doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue

deprecate vt. � � � � / � � � : BELITTLE, DISPARAGEdepreciation : value :: ossification : flexibilitydeprecate ↔ extolvaunt ↔ deprecate

depreciate v. � � � � � � � �

fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swaggerimperious : fawn :: swagger : self-depreciateimperiousness : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger

depress vt. � � � � / � � � �depressant : mood :: ??protuberant ↔ depressed

deprivation n. � � / � �deprivation ↔ surfeit

deracinate vt. � � � � � : UPROOTderacinate ↔ plant

derelict n/adj. � � � / � � � : VAGRANT, BUMderelict ↔ pillar of societystickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected

deride vt. � � � �

patronize : condescension :: deride : mockeryapologize : regret :: gibe : derisionpontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimlesssmirk : smugness :: sneer : derisionridicule : derision :: ?? deride ↔ praiseveneration ↔ derision

derivative adj. � � � /� � � : BANALprecursory ↔ derivative/sequela

derogatory adj. � � � : DISPARAGING

descendant n. � � forbears ↔ descendants

desecrate vt. � � � � � � : PROFANE: to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageouslydesecrate ↔ sanctify/revere

desert vt. � � �

desiccate vt. � � � � � : DEHYDRATEabraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydrationcaustic : eat away :: desiccant : drydesiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poisondesiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocitycleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture/respite� labor /offbeat : bathetic

designate v. ~� � � �

: to call by a distinctive title, term, or expressionforeword : introductory :: appellation : designate

despair n. � �

abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope

despicable adj. � � � � � : deserving to be despisedredoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregardvenerable : reverence :: despicable : scorndespicable : value :: mulish : flexible

despondent adj. � � � � / � � �

despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)despondent : depressed :: expert : skilledelated ↔ despondentsanguine ↔ despondent

dessert n. � � �dessert : meal :: epilogue : play/coda : sonata

detach vt. � � � �

tether ↔ detach

detain v. � � � � �

detain ↔ manumit

deter vt. � � � � � / � � � �

: to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from actingintrepid : deter :: rapt : distractinducement ↔ deterrencedeter ↔ spur

detestable adj. � � � � � : ABOMINABLE

detract v. � � � �

: to diminish the importance, value, or effectiveness of somethingextol ↔ condemn/impugn/detract

detritus n. � � : DEBRISdebris : destroy :: ash : burndetritus ↔ valuable mass

detour v. � � � �

detour : path :: ??

deviation n. � �

devise vt. � � � � : INVENT

devoted adj. � � � � / � � �

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidiousfanatic : devoted :: prude : properelegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverencedabble ↔ dedicate/devote

devout adj. � � � religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxyimpiety ↔ devoutness

dexterous adj. � � � � /� � � : CLEVERdexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predictdexterous : manipulate :: clairvoyant : overseedexterous : awkward :: ??

diabolic adj. � � � � : DEVILISHdiabolization ↔ benedictiondiabolic ↔ seraphic

diagnose v. � � � �

: to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptomsdiagnose : treat :: proofread : correct

diaphanous adj. � � � � � � / � � � � � � � � : INSUBSTANTIAL, VAGUEdiaphanous ↔ opaquediaphanous ↔ substantial

diatribe n. � �diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockerylullaby : song :: diatribe : discoursedeclamation� grandiloquence :: diatribe� abuse

didactic adj. � � � � didactic : teach :: hortatory/exhortative : urgedidactic : teach :: fantastic : amaze

diehard n. � � � � � � �: one who strongly resist changepalter : candor :: budge : diehard

diffident adj. � � � � / � � �

diffident ↔ brassyexpansive ↔ reserved/diffident

digit n. � (� )� � / � � � � � �

fang : tooth :: finger : digit

dignity n. � � /� � � �

digress v. � � � � � � � �

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundantdigressive : topic/subject :: stray : groupstray : group :: digress : subject

dilapidate v. � � � � �

dilate vt. � � � � � : DISTEND, WIDEN

dilate ↔ contract

dilatory adj. � � � � � : TARDYdilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complainalacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitanceprecipitate ↔ retard/dilatory

dilettante n. � � � � : DABBLERdilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequencedilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias

diligent adj. � � � : PAINSTAKINGprocrastination ↔ diligence

dilute v. � � � � �

slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength/concentration

din n. � � stench : nose :: din : ear

dingus n. � � � : DOODAD

dingy adj. � � � /� � � : DIRTY, DISCOLOREDdingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere

diocesan adj. � � � / � � �diocesan ↔ ecumenical

dire adj. � � � � � / � � � : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVEdire ↔ pleasant

dirge n. � � �

disabuse v. � � � � � � � � � � � �

disabuse : fallacy :: cure : diseaseloose : confinement :: disabuse : misconceptionmislead ↔ disabuse

disaffected adj. � � � � � : REBELLIOUSdisaffected : contentment :: dubious : convictionofficious : meddle :: disaffected : rebeldisaffect ↔ win over/mollifydisaffected ↔ contented

disaggregate vt. � � � �

disaggregate ↔ join togethercoalesce ↔ disaggregate

disagreeable adj. � � � : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVEdisagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal(<)

disarm vi. � � � � � � � / � � � � � �

bait ↔ disarm

disavow vt. � � � � : REPUDIATE: to deny responsibility for ; to refuse to acknowledge :disavow ↔ affirm

discard vt. � � � /� � � �

retain ↔ discard

discerning adj. � � � � � : DISCRIMINATING: showing insight and understandingpalatable : savory :: discerning : manifest(=)myopic ↔ discerning

discharge vt. � � � �

discharge ↔ hire

disclaim v. � � � �

discography n. ( � � ·� � � ·� � � � � )� � � �list : discography :: tool : hoe

discomfit v. � � � � � � : DISCONCERT

: to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment discomfit ↔ mollify

discommode v. � � � � � � : TROUBLE, DISOBLIGE: to cause inconvenience todiscommode ↔ oblige/assistdiscommode ↔ pacificate/ease/mollify

discompose vt. � � � � � �

discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authenticdiscompose : pacific :: engage � odiousdiscompose : pacific :: engage : tediousdisturbing : composure :: tedious : energy discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous(#)

discord n. � � � /� � � �harmony ↔ discord

discourse n. � � lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse

discrepancy n. � � /� � � discrepancy ↔ convergence

discretion n. � � / � �

: the quality of being discreetfoolish : discretion :: impecunious : moneyoverdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

discretionary adj. � � � / � � � � � : exercised at one's own discretiondiscretionary ↔ obligatorydiscretionary ↔ mandatorydiscretionary ↔ preordained

discriminate v. � � � �

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watchingliken : similarity :: discriminate : differencesentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminatingequitable ↔ discriminatory/unfair

discursive adj. � � � / � � � � : RAMBLING: moving from topic to topic without orderdiscursive ↔ keen on titlediscursive ↔ succinct

disdain n. � � : SCORNsnub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyaltyadulation ↔ disdain

disembark vt/vi. � � � �

disembark : ship :: dismount : horsedebark : ship :: unload : truck

disengage vt. � � � � �

disengage ↔ mesh

disgorge v. � � � � : VOMITdisgorge ↔ swallow

disgruntle vt. � � � � � � / � � � � �

: to make ill-humored or discontented -- usually used as a participial adjectivedisgruntle ↔ refreshdisgruntled ↔ contented

disguise n/vi. � � � � / � � � �

padding : damage :: disguise : recognitiondisguise : alter :: cloak : warm

disgust n/v. � � � � � : REPUGNANCEblatant : arresting :: odious : disgustingodious : disgust :: menacing : fearscowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection/hurl : disgustentrancing ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore

dishevel vt. � � � � � �

: to throw into disorder or disarray

disinclination n. � � / � � � � � �aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)aversion : inclination :: ?? leening ↔ disinclination

disinfect vt. � � � � / � � � �

oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect

disinterested adj. � � � � / � � � : UNBIASEDfactional ↔ disinterestediniquity ↔ disinterestedness

disjunctive adj. � � � � nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity

dismantle vt. � � � � dismantle : wholeness :: ??

dismiss vt. � � � �

dismiss ↔ sanction

disparage v. � � � / � � � � : DECRY: to depreciate by indirect means (as invidious comparison) : speak slightingly aboutscorn : reject :: adulate : flatter /disparage : ignoreepithet : disparage :: alias : misleadaggrandize ↔ disparagechampion ↔ disparage extol ↔ disparage

disparate adj. � � � � � � � : containing or made up of fundamentally different and often incongruous elementsdisparate ↔ similar/analogous

dispassionate adj. � � � / � � � � � � � � �

: not influenced by strong feeling ; not affected by personal or emotional involvementdispassionate ↔ partial/responsive

dispatch n/v. � � / � � � � dispatch ↔ leisureliness

disposal n. � � recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

disquiet v. � � � � � � � : DISTURB, ALARM disquiet ↔ put at ease

disrupt vt. � � � � � saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend

dissect v. � � � �

specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse

dissemble v. � � � � / � � � : SIMULATE: to hide under a false appearance ; to put on the appearance ofdissemble : honesty :: snub : politenessdissemble : information :: masquerade : feelingingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen/polite : snub

disseminate vt. � � � � disseminate : information :: foment : discontentmentdisseminate ↔ garner

dissension n. � � � � �

concord ↔ dissension

dissent v. � � � � � � �

dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group

dissertation n. � � � �

dissipate v. � � � � / � � � � husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)accumulation ↔ dissipationdissipate ↔ accumulatedissipate ↔ gatheramass ↔ dissipate

dissociate v. � � � � � : to separate from association or union with anotheraffiliation ↔ dissociation

dissolute adj. � � �libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequiousludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine/humorous : wagvoluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness

dissolve v. � � � � clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersedcoagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve

dissonance n. � � �

dissonance ↔ concord

dissuade vt. � � � � �

: to advise (a person) against something : to turn from something by persuasionremonstrance : dissuade :: reprehensibility : censureremonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appealdissuade ↔ abetdissuade ↔ enhance

distillation n. � � synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : puritydistill : purity :: leaven : volume

distinction n. � � / � �

nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestionnebulous ↔ distinctrepute ↔ lack of distinction

distinguished adj. � � �

eminent ↔ undistinguished

distort vt. � � � � brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

distract vt. � � � � � �

intrepid : deter :: rapt : distractrapt ↔ distracted

distraught adj. � � � � � / � � � � �

: agitated with doubt or mental conflicttroubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)distraught ↔ composed

ditch n. � �ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern

ditty n. � � � � � fable : tale :: ditty : song

diurnal adj. � � �diurnal ↔ nocturnal

diverge vi. � � � � / � � � �

: to move or extend in different directions from a common point: to turn aside from a path or coursead-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

diverge : apart :: traverse : acrossdiverge : apart :: involve : amongconfluence ↔ divergence

divert vt. � � � � � � : DEFLECTdivert : shunt :: retard : brake

divestiture n. � �divestiture ↔ acquisition

divulge vt. � � � � divulge ↔ keep secret

doctrine n. � � / � � : DOGMAdoctrine : heretical :: course : errantdoctrine : heterodox :: course : errant

dodder vi. � � � � �

: to progress feebly and unsteadilydodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

doff vt. � � doff ↔ don

dogged adj. � � � / � � �: marked by stubborn determinationdogged ↔ yieldeddogged ↔ easily discouraged

doggerel n. � �

doggerel : verse :: burlesque : playdoggerel : poem :: sketch : drawing

doggo adv. � � �

: in hidingdoggo : instability :: ??

dogma n. � � / � �dogma ↔ heresy

doldrums n. � � � � � � / � �doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue

dolorous adj. � � � : causing, marked by, or expressing misery or griefdolorous ↔ jubilant

dolt n. � � � wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid

domination n. � �

gullible : chicanery :: servile : dominationimpervious : damaged :: indomitable : subduedinexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

domineering adj. � � �

don vt. � � / � � � � �doff ↔ don

donor n. � � � legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

doodle v. � � � � � � � � � � � �

draw : doodle :: travel : ramblewalk : amble :: draw : doodle

dose n/v. 1� � � � / � � � � �

dose : medicine :: ration : fooddose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

dour adj. � � / � � � / � � � : STERN, HARSH: harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or appearance: stubbornly unyielding

dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness(#)dour : tractable :: bumptious : humbleness(#)dour ↔ congenial/genial

downpour n. � � � � �downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion

doyen n. � � � eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

draconian adj. � � � / � � � : CRUEL, SEVEREdraconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexationpalmy : prosperity :: draconian : severitydraconian ↔ indulgent/mild

drawl v. � � � � � � inch : move :: drawl : speak pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless

drawdrel v. ( � � ,� � ,� � )� � �drawdrel : penchant :: ??

dreary adj. � � � : GLOOMY, DISMALjocund ↔ dreary

drivel vi. � � � � � � � � �

nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

drizzle n. � � � deluge ↔ drizzle

droll adj. � � � � � : having a humorous, whimsical, or odd qualitygrisly : flinch :: droll : laughdroll ↔ grave

droplet n. � � � � �

droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

drudgery n. � �drudgery ↔ rewarding work

dryad n. � � ·� � � � : WOOD NYMPH

dubious adj. � � � � disaffected : contentment :: dubious : convictiondubious ↔ certain

dulcet adj. � � � �

cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphoniousoff-key ↔ dulcet

dull adj. � � / � � �

tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smoothbrilliance ↔ dullnessperspicuous ↔ dullresplendent ↔ dulltrenchant ↔ vague/dull

dullard n. � � �

dupe n. � � � � : FOOLreverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe

dwelling n. � �deportation : country :: eviction : dwellingpotable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

dynamo n. � � �

dynamo : retard :: ??

dyspeptic adj. � � � � : INDIGESTIONgenial ↔ dyspeptic

E

eaglet n. � � � � �

eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal

earnest adj. � � �

facetious ↔ earnest

earplug n. � � �

earplug : noise :: shield : impact

earshot n. � � � �earshot : hear :: ken : see

earsplitting adj. � � � � � � � �: distressingly loud or shrillearsplitting : voice :: ??

ebullience n. � � � � � : EXUBERANCE: the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelingsebullience ↔ impassiveness/lifelessnessebullience ↔ torporebullient ↔ torpid

eccentric n. � � : an eccentric person

hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventionaleccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated

echelon n. � � � �: one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or field of activity echelon : hierarchy :: ??

eclat n. � � �

: brilliant or conspicuous successéclat ↔ fiasco

eclectic adj. � � � � �

: selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines, methods, or styles

eclipse n. � � � � �: a falling into obscurity or declineeclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor

ecumenical adj. � � � � � � � / � � � � : worldwide or general in extent, influence, or applicationecumenical : generality :: entire : integritydiocesan/parochial ↔ ecumenicalprovincial/insular ↔ ecumenical

edifice n. � � � �

tower : edifice :: rampart : barrierbuttress : edifice :: splint : limb

efface v. � � � � � � � �

: to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuousalliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#)blazon ↔ effaceefface ↔ aggrandizeefface ↔ bring to prominentefface ↔ emboss

effervesce vi. � � � � / � � � � �

: to show liveliness or exhilarationeffervescence : feeling :: fury : angereffervesce ↔ be flateffervescent ↔ still/droop

effete adj. � � � �

effete ↔ hale

effluvium n. � � �

effluvia ↔ desired products

effulgent adj. � � � : BRILLIANTbootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)

effusive adj. � � � � � � � � / � � � �

: characterized or formed by a nonexplosive outpouring of lavagush : effusive :: rage : irateemotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious /manner : grandioseeffusive ↔ reticent/listless

egocentric adj. � � � � �

altruism ↔ egocentrism

elaborate adj/v. � � � / � � � � � � �

: marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornateness: to expand something in detailfawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness/elaborate : sketchyabstract ↔ elaborate

elastic adj. � � � � : FLEXIBLEephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretchelastic : expand :: viable : live

elated adj. � � � � � : EXULTANT: marked by high spiritselated ↔ despondentelation ↔ dejectionelate ↔ depresshangdog ↔ elated

eleemosynary adj. � � � philanthropist : eleemosynary :: ??

elegant adj. � � � � : SPLENDIDinsolent ↔ polite elegant

elegy n. � � : a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially for one who is deadsatire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrowelegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence

elephantine adj. � � � : MASSIVEmicroscopic ↔ elephantine

elevate vt. � � � � � : EXALTdebasement ↔ elevation

elicit vt. � � � � �

evoke ↔ fail to elicit

elitism n. � � � � �

ellipsis n. � �

apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence

elliptical adj. � � � � �: of or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literary or conversational style)elliptical ↔ palpable

elongate v. � � � �

elongate ↔ shorten/truncate

elucidate v. � � � � � � � � : to give a clarifying explanationgarble ↔ elucidateobfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly

emanate vi. � � � �

: to come out from a source

emancipate v. � � � � emancipate ↔ shackleemancipattion ↔ bondage

embargo n. � � � �

: a legal prohibition on commerceembargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact

embark vi. � � � �

: to make a startconclude ↔ embark ondebut : career :: embarkment : journey

embarrass vt. � � � � � � �catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)embarrass : shame :: console : comfortunabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcementdisembarrassment : engagement :: ??

embed vt. � � � � � �

: to enclose closely in or as if in a matrixembed ↔ extractwaffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

embolden v. � � � � �

appall ↔ embolden/nerveembolden ↔ abash/faze/cowboggle ↔ emboldenembolden ↔ daunt

embrace n/v. � � / � � � � � : HUG: a close encircling with the arms and pressure to the bosom especially as a sign of affection: to take up especially readily or gladlyembrace : affection :: shrug : indifferenceabrogate ↔ embrace/institute/upholdeschew ↔ embrace/greet/welcomeabjure ↔ embrace/espouseostracize ↔ include/embracespurn ↔ court/crave/embrace

emigrate v. � � � � repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#)

eminence n. � �

master/maven : experience :: luminary : eminenceeminent ↔ undistinguished

emollient n. ( � � )� � �

: something that softens or soothesemollient : soothe :: dynamo : generateemollient : suppleness :: desiccant: dryness

emphasis n. � �underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership

emulate vt. � � � � / � � � � � � �

: strive to equal or excelemulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessaryemulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon

enact vt. � � � � : to establish by legal and authoritative act; specifically :to make (as a bill) into lawrescission ↔ enactment

enamel n. � � � � � � �

enamel : tooth :: bark : treeskin/rind : apple :: bark : treecorn : husk :: orange : rind

enclosure n. � � �

stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

encomium n. � �

encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavilencomium ↔ harsh criticism

encompass v. � � � � : ENCLOSEencompass ↔ exclude

encounter n. � �

circumlocution ↔ direct encounter

encumbrance n. � � � : IMPEDIMENT

encyclopedia n. � � � �

encyclopedia : compendious :: ??

endorse vt. � � � � / � � � � : to approve openly especially :to express support or approval of publicly and definitelyrider : bill :: endorsement : policyendow : income :: endorse : approvalendorse ↔ oppose publiclyimpugn ↔ endorse

enduring adj. � � � � : LASTING, DURABLEephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretchephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : livingtransitory : endure :: immutable : change transitory ↔ enduring

enervate vt. � � � � �

: to lessen the vitality or strength ofenervation : vitality :: debase : valuecurtail : period :: enervate : energyeclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigordispirit : morale :: enervate : strengthenervate ↔ invigorateenervate ↔ fortify/strengthen

enfeeble vt. � � � � �

: to make feeble:deprive of strengtheclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigorenfeeble ↔ invigoratetonic ↔ enfeebling

enfranchise vt. � � � � � � /� � � �

: to set free (as from slavery): to endow with a franchiseenfranchise : vote :: license : practiceenfranchise ↔ enfetterenfranchise ↔ subjugate

engender vt. � � � � � : PRODUCEquash ↔ engender

engross vt. � � � � �

engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close(=)

enigmatic adj. � � � � � � / � � � � � : MYSTERIOUSenigmatic : simplistic :: ??enigmatic ↔ broadly knownenigmatic ↔ readily understandable

enlighten vt. � � � � equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten

ennoble vt. � � � � � � : ELEVATE

ennui n. � � / � � � : BOREDOM: a feeling of weariness and dissatisfactionennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apatheticennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alertennui ↔ energy/enthusiasmennui ↔ keen interestennui ↔ exuberance

enslave vt. � � � � � : SUBJUGATEmanumit ↔ enslave

ensuing adj. � � � � � � �

: to take place afterward or as a resultanterior ↔ ensuing

entangle vt. � � � � � � : to wrap or twist togetherdisentangle ↔ snarl

enthusiasm n. � � ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic(#)enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoiareverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>) ennui ↔ energy/enthusiasm

entice vt. � � / � � � � : TEMPT: to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desirecommand : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>)enticing : tempt :: affectionate : loveformidable ↔ enticing

entrance vt. � � � � � �

: to carry away with delight, wonder, or raptureentrancing ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/boreunprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome

entrap vt. � � � � � � �

: to catch in or as if in a trapvigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

entreaty n. � � / � � : PLEAcommand : entreaty :: goad : enticementprotest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat

entry n. � � � �: a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index)journal : entries :: run : performance

enumerate vt. � � � � : LIST

enunciate v. � � � � � � : ARTICULATEenunciate ↔ mumblewaffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

envision vt. � � � �

ephemeral adj. � � � convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transienceephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretchephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetually(=)repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#)ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#)ephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetual

epic adj. � � � / � � � �

: heroic and impressive in qualityepic ↔ modest

epicure n. � � � epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watchingsentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

epigram n. � � : a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event and often ending with an ingenious turn of thoughtexaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigramparadox : contradictory :: epigram : wise

epilogue n. � � : CODAdessert : meal :: epilogue : play /coda : sonata

terminus : stop :: epilogue : storyepilogue : prose:: finale : musicpreface ↔ epilogue

epistemology n. � � � aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge

epitomize vt. � � � �

equable adj. � � � � : marked by lack of noticeable, unpleasant, or extreme variation or inequalityequable ↔ intemperate

equipoise n. � � equipoise : vacillate :: ??

equity n. � � / � �

illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistributionequitable ↔ discriminatory/unfair

equivocal adj. � � � : subject to two or more interpretations and usually used to mislead or confuseequivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truthequivocation : coax :: explanation : enlightenequivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyedequivocation : truth :: euphemism : offenseequivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarityequivocation : truth :: delicacy : offenceequivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruousequivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : actionequivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banalfawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directnessgrandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceivewaffle ↔ speak unequivocallyeuivocate ↔ communicate straightfowardlyequivocation ↔ clarity

erect adj/vt. � � � � / � � �

suspend ↔ erectprostrate ↔ erectslouch ↔ stand erect

erode v. � � � �

accrete : growth :: erode : destruction downpour : flooding :: wind : erosiongully : erosion :: callus : frictionsinge : incineration :: erode : destructiondeposit ↔ process of eroding

errant adj. � � � / � � � � : deviating from a standard (as of truth or propriety)amorphous : shape :: errant : coursedoctrine : heretical :: course : errant

erratic adj. � � � � /� � � : WANDERINGheroic : craven :: erratic : permanent

erudite adj. � � � :LEARNED: possessing or displaying eruditionerudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglectprescience : future :: erudition : esoterica outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unletterederudite ↔ ignorant/unlettered

escalate v. � � � � � � � � �

escalate ↔ diminish

eschew v. ( � � � � )� � � : SHUNeschew ↔ embrace, greet , welcome

esoteric adj. � � � / � � �

: designed for or understood by the specially initiated aloneesoteric ↔ common accepted

esoteric ↔ generally known

espouse vt. � � � � / � � � �

abjure ↔ embrace/espouse

ecstatic adj. � � � � � �

: of relating to, or marked by ecstasyecstatic ↔ preserved

esteem n. � � / � �esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribestigma ↔ mark of esteemodium ↔ esteem

estimable adj. � � � � �

estimable ↔ contemptible

estrange vt. � � � � � : ALIENATEestrangement ↔ rapprochement etch v. � � (� � )etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive

ethereal adj. � � � / � � � : IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE: lacking material substanceethereal ↔ material/ponderousponderous ↔ ethereal/gossamer/livelyethereal ↔ worldly

ethics n. � � �

logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior

eulogize vt. � � � � : EXTOLencomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavilpanegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirizeeulogy : speak :: ?? eulogize ↔ paneulogy ↔ stricture

euphemism n. � � � �

: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasantequivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense/obfuscation : clarityeuphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injureeuphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse

euphonious adj. � � � �

cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious

euphoria n. � � � : a feeling of well-being or elationsatisfaction : euphoria :: ??

evacuate v. � � � � / � � � � �

evacuate ↔ conquer

evade v. � � � �

: to avoid answering directly ; turn asideevade : answer :: goldbrick : work

evanescent adj. � � � /� � �

evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currencyevanescent : disappear :: pliant : yieldevanescent : disappear :: transparent : penetrateevanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuatecacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphoniousabiding ↔ evanescent

evasive adj. � � � � �

everlasting adj. � � � � : ETERNAL countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number:: everlasting/interminable : duration

evict vt. � � � � � : EXPEL

: to put (a tenant) out by legal processdeportation : country :: eviction : dwellingevict : residence :: banish : country harbor ↔ evict

evoke vt. � � � � � � evoke ↔ fail to elicit

exacerbate vt. � � � �

palliate/mitigate ↔ exacerbate

exacting adj. � � � � � �: tryingly or unremittingly severe in making demands: requiring careful attention and precisionvigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied/wary : gulled

exaggerate v. � � � � : OVEREMPHASIZEanger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperboleexaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigrammalicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbolepithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature

exalt vt. ( � � ,� � ) � � � /� � � � : GLORIFY: to elevate by praise or in estimationexalt : satisfaction :: bore : weariness(=)exaltation ↔ condemnationexalt ↔ pillory

exasperate vt. � � � � � : ENRAGE: to excite the anger of

exceptional adj. � � � �

prosaic ↔ exceptional/imaginary/exciting

excerpt n. � � � : EXTRACTaside : digression :: summary : excerpt

exclaim v. (� � ,� � � � ) � � �

: to express or utter (something) suddenly or vehementlyexclaim : utter :: flare : shine

excoriate v. � � � � � � �

: to censure scathinglyexcoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishly

excrete vt. � � � � / � � � �

excrete ↔ ingeststomach : ingest :: lung : respiration

exculpate vt. � � � � � exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir(=)hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve(=)alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory(=)exculpate ↔ inculpate

excursive adj. � � � � � � �

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant

execrate v. � � � � /� � � � : DENOUNCE: to declare to be evil or detestableexecrable ↔ commendable/laudableexecration ↔ sanction

execute vt. � � � �

impossible : execute :: adamant : movevagary : predict :: impossibility : execute

exemplary adj. � � � � � : COMMENDABLE: deserving imitationemulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessaryexemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame/redoubtable : regard

exempt v. � � � �

exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty

exert vt. � � � / � � � �

exhaust vt. � � � � � / � � � � � � � : USE UPinfinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlapexhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting

exhilarate vt. � � � � � � � �

exhilarate ↔ sadden

exhortation n. � � � � �

exhortation : motivate :: invective : discreditexhortation : motivate :: persiflage : inciteexhortative : urge :: didactic : teach /risible : ridiculeexhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness

exodus vt. � � � :EMIGRATIONexodus ↔ influx

exonerate v. � � � � � � � �

exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarlexonerate ↔ censureexonerate ↔ inculpateincrimination ↔ exoneration

exorbitant adj. � � � / � � � � �

: exceeding in intensity, quality, amount, or size the customary or appropriate limitsexorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty

exotic adj. � � � � / � � � � � � � � � �

: from another part of the world: strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or unusualexotic ↔ indigenous

expansive adj. � � � � : OPEN: characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talkexpansive ↔ reserved/diffidentexpansive ↔ maliciousexpansive ↔ taciturn/withdrawn/limited

expedite vt. � � � � �

expedite : process :: accelerate : paceexpedite ↔ retard

expedition n. � � : SPEEDexpedition ↔ foot dragging

explicate v. � � � � � � � �

: to give a detailed explanation of ; analyze logically

explicit adj. � � � /� � � �

: fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication, or ambiguityexplicit ↔ obscureimmanent ↔ explicit

exponent n. � � �: one that champions, practices, or exemplifies

exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

expurgate v. ( � � � � )� � � �

vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

extant adj. � � � �

extant ↔ extinct/lost/missing/destroyed

extemporize v. � � � � � � �

: to do or perform (something) without prior preparation or practicejuggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous

extenuate vt. � � � � / � � � � � � � : MITIGATE

: to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excusesmoderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousnessbuffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance

exterminate vt. � � � �

extinct adj. � � �

extant ↔ extinctextinct ↔ resuscitatedextinction ↔ perpetuation

extinguish vt. � � : QUENCHextinguish ↔ kindleignite ↔ extinguish

extol v. � � � � : GLORIFYdeprecate ↔ extolexcoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishlyextol ↔ censure/dispise/vilifyextol ↔ disparageextol ↔ condemn/impugn/detractextol ↔ malign

extort vt. � � � � � � � : WRING: to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or undue or illegal powersycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidationextort : obtain :: ??

extraneous adj. � � � � / � � � � / � � � � � � �

apposite ↔ extraneousextraneous ↔ essentialextraneous ↔ intuitive

extravagant adj. � � � � /� � � � � frugality ↔ extravagancyextravagant ↔ parsimonious

extricate v. ( � � )� � � � � �

: to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty

extrovert n. � � � � � �extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting

exuberant adj. � � � / � � � � �

: joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic: produced in extreme abundanceennui ↔ exuberancesoaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy(>)

exude v. � � � � �

exude ↔ absorb

exultant adj. � � � � � � : JUBILANTexult : satisfaction :: crave : longingabject ↔ exultantdejected ↔ exultant

F

fable n. � �

fable : tale :: ditty : song

fabricate vt. � � � �

: to make up for the purpose of deceptiondiscompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic(#)

facetious adj. � � � � � � / � � � � � : WAGGISH: meant to be humorous or funny ; not seriousfacetious : speech :: antic : behaviorfacetious ↔ earnestfacetious ↔ lugubrious

facile adj. � � � � /� � � : SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL: readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity and lack of depth: easily accomplished or attainedfacile : profoundity :: ??facile ↔ profoundshallowness ↔ profundity

facilitate vt. � � � � � �

: to make easier ; help bring aboutfacilitate ↔ impedingobstruct ↔ facilitatehamper ↔ facilitate

faction n. � � : CLIQUE: a party or group (as within a government) that is often contentious or self-seekingexpedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalismconsensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#)factional ↔ disinterested

faint adj. � � � /� � � �

: lacking strength or vigor : performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidlystentorian ↔ faint

fainthearted adj. � � � : TIMID

fallacy n. � � � � � / � �disabuse : fallacy :: cure : diseasefallacy ↔ valid argument

falsehood n. � � corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood

falter vt. � � � � : to hesitate in purpose or actionfalter : act :: stammer : speak

fantasy n. � � / � �nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)

farce n. � � � � �

farce : performance :: limerick : poem

fascinate vt. � � � �

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

fast n/adj. � � / � � � / � �

fast : eat :: respite : laborfast : eat :: moratorium : actfast ↔ loosely attachfastness ↔ unsecured placefastness ↔ deliberate action

fasten vt. � � �lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

fastidious adj. � � � �

: having high and often capricious standards : difficult to please: showing or demanding excessive delicacy or caredevoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<)fastidious : outshine :: recalcitrant : resist dapper : fastidious :: ?? fastidious ↔ coarsefastidious ↔ easygoing/cursory/uncritical

fateful adj. � � � � � � � �

: involving momentous consequencesfateful ↔ inconsequential

fathom v. � � � � / � � � � � : to measure by a sounding line: to penetrate and come to understanderudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect

measurable ↔ unfathomableoccult ↔ bare/patent/readily fathomable

fatigue n. � � fatigue : rest :: dehydration : waterguilt : expiation :: fatigue : reposeindefatigable ↔ soon tired

factitious adj. � � � � �

: produced by humans rather than by natural forces

fatuous adj. � � � / � � � : SILLY: complacently or inanely foolishfatuous ↔ astute

fawn v/n. � � � � � / � � � �: to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner: a young deeradulate : fawn :: woo : adorn(>)condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=)imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swaggerfawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swaggerfawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness /elaborate : sketchymiser : hoard :: dandy : preen/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opineobsequious : fawn :: compliant : yieldparsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawnreprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn

faze vt. � � � � � / � � � � � : DISCONCERT, DAUNTembolden ↔ abash/faze/cowfazed ↔ undisturbed

feckless adj. � � � / � � � � : WEAK, INEFFECTIVE: lacking purpose or vitality: careless and irresponsiblealacrity ↔ fecklessnessfeckless ↔ responsible

fecund adj. � � � : PROLIFIC

feeble adj. � � �

fender n. � � � �

: a device that protects

feral adj. � � � : WILDferal ↔ cultivated

fertilize vt. � � � � � �

fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist

fervid adj. � � � � rfervid ↔ restrained

fervor n. � �ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apatheticfervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthriftzealotry ↔ lack of fervor

fetid adj. � � � � � grating : sound :: fetid : smellfetid : smell :: urgly : appearance

fetter n/v. � � (� � )enfranchise ↔ enfetterliberalistic ↔ enfetterist

fiasco n. � � �fiasco ↔ a notable success/eclat

fictitious adj. � � � : IMAGINARYfictitious ↔ factual

fidelity n. � � / � �

respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity(#)apostasy ↔ fidelity

figurative adj. � � � � : EMBLEMATIC

filibuster n. � � � � � �

: the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative actionfilibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce

filigree n. � � �chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy

filly n. � � � �

filly : horse :: pullet : chicken

filter n. � � �winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities

finesse n. � � / � �

: skillful handling of a situation : adroit maneuveringfinesse ↔ ineptitude

finicky adj. � � � � � � (� � � � � ): extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standardsfluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky(<)

flaccid adj. � � � � / � � �

flaccidity ↔ firmness

flagging adj. � � � � : LANGUID, WEAKflagging ↔ thriving/vibrantflag ↔ wax

flamboyant adj. � � � / � � �: marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behaviorflamboyant ↔ understated/subdued(1 � � )flamboyant ↔ natural(2� � )

flange n. � � � �

flannel n. � � � �flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric

flatter vt. � � � �

: to praise excessively especially from motives of self-interestflattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness(>)sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuationscorn : reject :: adulate : flatter sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidationtoady : flatter :: ??

flaw n. � glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offenseimpeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)

flax n. � � � �

clay : porcelain :: flax : linen

fledge vi. � � � � �

fledging ↔ molt

fleeting adj. � � � �: passing swiftlyfleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise

flexible adj. � � � � � : PLIANTadamant : flexibility :: refractory : controllimber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty(=)static : moving :: pliable : inflexible(#)calcification ↔ flexibilityflexible ↔ mulish

flit v. � � � � �

: to pass quickly or abruptly from one place or condition to anotherflit : move :: blurb : utter

flinch v. � � � � /� � � � � � �

: to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain: to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficultgrisly : flinch :: droll : laughsolicitude : concern :: stoic : flinch

flint n. � � �pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen

flippancy n. � � � /� � �: unbecoming levity or pertness especially in respect to grave or sacred matters

flip : respect :: nonchalant : concernflippancy ↔ seriousness

flirt n. � � � �

flirt : decency :: ??supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious

flit v. � � � � � � � �

flit ↔ plod

flock n. � � � �clique : intimates :: flock : sheep

flounder vi. � � � � /� � � �

: to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectuallyflounder : process :: ??flounder ↔ slide

flourish vi. � � � � : THRIVEflourish ↔ wither/waste away

flout v. � � � � / � � � � : SCORNflout : disregard :: taunt : challenge

fluctuate vi. � � � �

: to shift back and forth uncertainlypristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation

fluent adj. � � � : POLISHEDfluent : glib :: humorous : wryfluent : glib :: meticulous : finickyfluent ↔ halting

flush v. � � � � � � �

: to flow and spread suddenly and freelygalvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush

fluster v. � � � � � : UPSET: to put into a state of agitated confusionflustered ↔ calm

fluvial adj. � � �fluvial : river :: sidereal : star

foible n. � � � � � / � � : WEAKNESSsquabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<)tiff : squabble :: foible : failing(<)

foil n/v. � � / � � � � � foil : metal :: veneer : wood

foliage n. � �plumage : bird :: foliage : bush

folly n. � � � � folly ↔ sagacity

foment vt. � � � � : ROUSE, INCITE: to promote the growth or development ofconducive : foment :: tonic : invigoratedisseminate : information :: foment : discontentmentdefuse ↔ fomentfoment ↔ inhibitquell ↔ foment/instigate/rousesquelch ↔ foment

fondness n. � �

fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)

foolhardy adj. � � � : RASH

footloose adj. � � � �

: having no attachments or tiesdauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachmentfootloose ↔ attached

forebear n. � � forebear ↔ descendants

forbidding adj. � � �

ford n. � � � � � � � �: a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicleford : river :: shore : lakeford : river :: pass : mountain

forestry n. � �

tree : forestry :: flower : horticultureforest : tree :: fur : hair

forgery n. � � : the act of forging, especially the illegal production of something counterfeitplagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

formidable adj. � � � � � /� � � �: causing fear, dread, or apprehension: tending to inspire awe or wonderformidable ↔ comfortingformidable ↔ simpleformidable ↔ reassuringformidable ↔ enticing

forthright adj. � � � / � � �acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guilefurtive ↔ open/forthright/brassyforthright ↔ backhanded

fortify vt. � � � � : ENCOURAGEdebilitated ↔ fortifiedvitiate ↔ fortifyenervate ↔ fortify/strengthen

foster vt. � � � � : ENCOURAGE: to promote the growth and development offoster ↔ stifle

founder vt. � � � � : SINKfoundation : building :: root � treefounder ↔ stay aloftfounder ↔ afloat

foundry n. � � � �

mill : grain :: foundry : metal

fracture v. � � � � : RUPTURE, TEARcement ↔ fracture

fragile adj. � � � � �

fragile : break :: porous : penetrate

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

fraudulent adj. � � � : DECEITFULauthenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#)

freewheel vi. � � � � � � � �

: to move, live, or play freely or irresponsibly

frenetic adj. � � � �

: wildly excited or active; frantic; frenziedenergetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<)frenetic ↔ ?

frenzy n. � � / � � : a violent mental or emotional agitationconvulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotioncalm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous(#)

fresco n. � � � � � �fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor

friable adj. � � � � � �

: easily crumbled or pulverizedfriable : crumble :: malleable : alterimpervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)friable ↔ not easily crumbled/resistance to be pulverized

friction n. � �

abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration

frieze n. ( � )� � � � �frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript

frigid adj. � � � �

sweltering ↔ frigid

frivolous adj. � � � / � � �: lacking in seriousness : marked by unbecoming levityfrivolous : gravity :: brash : discretionfrivolous ↔ somber/grave/lugubrious

frothy adj. � � � / � � � �

frothy ↔ weighty

frowzy adj. � � � � / � � � �dapper ↔ frowzyfrowzy ↔ original/striking

frugal adj. � � � � /� � �

parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic(<)frugality ↔ extravagancy

frustrate v. � � � � �

frustrate ↔ abet

full-bodied adj. � � �

full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound

fulminate v. � � � � � � �

: to send forth censures or invectivesfulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter(>)

fungi n. � �fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

furnace n. �furnace : heat :: generator : electricity

furor n. � � /� �furor ↔ serenity

furtive adj. � � � : SURREPTITIOUS, CLENDESTINEcaprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive

/discontent : unsatisfiedfurtive ↔ open/forthright/brassyfurtively ↔ candidly

fuss v. � � � � � /� � � � � �

: to create or be in a state of restless activity ; to shower flattering attentionsassert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)

fusty adj. � � � �: rigidly old-fashioned or reactionaryfusty ↔ fresh

futility n. � � : USELESSNESSbootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)

G

gadfly n. � � � � /� � � � � � � � �: a person who stimulates or annoys especially by persistent criticismgadfly : goad :: humorist : amuseannoying : gadfly :: rude : churl

gaffe n. � � � � � � /� �: a social or diplomatic blundergaffe : tactless :: ?? miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum

gainsay v. � � / � � � �

: to declare to be untrue or invalidgainsay ↔ affirm

gait n. � � � � : a manner of walking or moving on footgait : walk :: parlance : speak

galaxy n. � � �

galling adj. � � � � � � : VEXINGgall ↔ lullgall ↔ calm/assuagegalling ↔ placating

galvanize v. � � � �

: to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shockgalvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush(>)galvanize ↔ lull

gamble v. � � � � � � � � : to engage in reckless or hazardous behavioradamant : yield :: cautious : gamble

gambol v. � � � � � � � �

gambol ↔ plod

gangling adj. � � � � : LANKY

garble v. � � � �

: to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or change the meaningcorrect : accurate :: garble : unintelligibleramshackle : soundness :: garbled : claritygarble ↔ elucidate

garish adj. � � � � � � �: marked by strident color or excessive ornamentationgarish : color :: ??

garment n. � � hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt/molding : cabinet

garner v. ~ � � � � � �

garrulous adj. � � � �

garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet(>)garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)

gash n. � � � �: a deep narrow depression or cutcleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)

gasification n. � � � gasification/vaporization ↔ solidification

gauche adj. � � � : CRUDE: lacking social experience or grace; also :not tactfulgaucheness ↔ polish

gaudy adj. � � �: ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamentedgaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak

gauge v. � � � � gauge : pressure :: scale : weightmeasure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter/gauge : pressure /plumb : depth

gear n. � �

gear : tooth :: screw : thread

genealogy n. � �

generality n. � � �

ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity

genial adj. � � �

resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : genialitygenial ↔ dyspepticcaustic ↔ palliating/genialdour ↔ congenial/genialmordant ↔ genial

genteel adj. � � � � : POLITE: free from vulgarity or rudenessgenteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : feartruculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorsegenteel ↔ loutishgenteel ↔ churlish

genuine adj. � � � /� � � : ACTUAL, TRUEgenuine : authenticity :: entire : integrityspurious ↔ genuine

germane adj. � � � : FITTING: being at once relevant and appropriategermane ↔ irrelevant

gesture n. � �parody : style :: mime : gesture

ghastly adj. � � � � �

: intensely unpleasant, disagreeable, or objectionableghastly : unpleasant :: ??

giddy adj. � � � / � � : FRIVOLOUSgiddiness ↔ gravenessgiddy ↔ serious

ginger n. � �ginger : spice :: ??

glacier n. � �glacial : cold :: profound : deep(>)glacial : slow :: ?? glacier : ice :: sea : water

glade n. � � � � �: an open space surrounded by woodsoasis : desert :: glade : wood

glamorize vt. � � � � : ROMANTICIZE

glance n. � � � peck : kiss :: glance : look

glaze v. � � � � / � � � � � �

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : woodglaze ↔ rumple

glib adj. � � � � ( � � � � � ): marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful: lacking depth and substancefluent : glib :: humorous : wryfluent : glib :: meticulous : finickyglib ↔ ltaciturnglib ↔ labored

glimmer n/v. � � / � � � � � � �

glisten v. � � � � dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere

glitch n. � � � � � / � �

: a usually minor malfunctionglitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offenseglitch : malfunction/problem :: peccadillo : error

gloat vi. � � � � � � � � �

: to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delightprimp : vain :: gloat : smug

gloomy adj. � � � : MELANCHOLY

glorify vt. � � � � : to cause to be or seem to be better than the actual conditioncastigation : reproof :: denunciation : denialcastigation : reproof :: glorification : merit(>)

gloss n/v. � � (� � ): a brief explanation (as in the margin or between the lines of a text) of a difficult or obscure word or expressionblurb : notice :: gloss : explanationscrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim

glossary n. � � � �

glossary : text :: legend : map

glossy adj. � � � � � varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

glut n. � � � � � : OVERSUPPLY: an excessive quantityglut ↔ dearth

glutinous adj. � � � � / � � � � : GUMMYetch : corrosive :: glue : adhesiveglutinous ↔ non viscous

glutton n. � � �avarice : money :: gluttony : foodglutton : overindulge :: ascetic : self denialgluttonous ↔ abstemious

goad vt. � � � � � � � : SPUR: to incite or rouse as if with a goadcommand : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>)gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse

gobble vt. � � � � � �quaff : sip :: gobble : nibbleswill : sip :: gobble : nibble

goggle n. � � � �

goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands /earmuff : ear

goldbrick vi. � � � � � �

evade : answer :: goldbrick : work

gorge vi. � � � � : GLUT: to stuff to capacityreticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge

gossamer n/adj. � � � � � ( � )gossamer ↔ substance/ponderous

gourmet n. � � � : CONNOISSEUR: connoisseur of fine food and drinkbibliophile : books :: gourmet : foodconnoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisinegourmet : food :: aesthete : art

grandeur n. � � � : MAGNIFICENCE: the quality or state of being grandgrandeur :: mean :: ??

grandiloquent adj. � � � � � �

: a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic style, manner, or quality especially in languagegaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speakgrandiloquent ↔ secretive

grandiose adj. � � � �

: characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or by absurd exaggerationephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#)

grandstand v. � � � � � � � � �

: to play or act so as to impress onlookersgrandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive

grant vt. � � � �

concede ↔ refuse to grantwithhold ↔ grant

gratify vt. � � � � � �

: to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction togratify : desire :: slake : thirstyaggrieve ↔ gratifyirk/rile/nettle ↔ gratify

grating adj. � � � � � �

grating : sound : : acrid : odor/fetid : smell

gratis adj. � � � : FREE

gratuitous adj. � � � / � � � �

: not called for by the circumstancesgratuitous ↔ merited/warranted

gravity n. � � �

: having a serious and dignified quality or demeanorfrivolous : gravity :: brash : discretiondroll ↔ gravegiddiness ↔ gravitygrave ↔ insignificant

gregarious adj. � � � � / � � � � : SOCIALposeur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousnessgregarious ↔ aloof

grievous adj. � � �smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow

solace : grief :: pacification : angergrievous ↔ slight

grimace n. � � � �

: a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval ; a sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, contempt, or disgustcontortion : body :: grimace : facechargrin : mind :: grimace : face

grin vi. � � � � : SMILE: to smile broadly, often baring the teeth, as in amusement, glee, embarrassment, or other strong emotionpout ↔ grin

gripe n. � �gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration

grisly adj. � � � � �

: inspiring horror or intense feargrisly : flinch :: droll : laugh

groove v. � � � � grooved : striating :: braided : strandstriated : groove :: dappled : spot

grotesque adj. � � � : FANCIFUL, BIZARREimperial : significant :: grotesque : fantasy

grovel vi. � � � � � �

: to behave in a servile or demeaning mannerminion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary

grumble n. � �

guarantee vt. � � � � vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee

guffaw v. � � � � � �

guile n. � � � /� � : DUPLICITY: deceitful cunningacrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)guile : artless :: blemish : flawless(#)gullible : chicanery :: servile : dominationguile : naif :: tardy : prompt(#)artless ↔ cunning/guilemanipulative ↔ guileless

guilt n. � � � : SELF-REPROACH: feelings of culpability especially for imagined offenses or from a sense of inadequacynarcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>)

gullible adj. � � �

: easily duped or cheatedcompliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)gullible : chicanery :: servile : dominationvigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied/wary : gulled

gully n. � �gully : erosion :: callus : friction

gum n. � � resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant

gush n. � �blast : whiff :: gush : tricklegush : effusive :: rage : irate

gust n. � �

gust : wind :: cloudburst :: rainfall

/flare : light

guzzle v. � � � � : to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habituallycomplain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)

H

habitable adj. � � � � � �

potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

hack n. � � � � � � � �: a person who works solely for mercenary reasonsmercenary : soldier :: hack : writer

hackneyed adj. � � �

: lacking in freshness or originalitywindy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#)equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed

halcyon adj. � � � /� � � �

: calm and peacefulhalcyon ↔ tempestuous

hale adj. � � � : SOUND: free from defect, disease, or infirmityeffete ↔ halehale ↔ infirmblighted ↔ hale

half-baked adj. � � � / � � � �

: lacking adequate planning or forethoughthalf-baked ↔ well thought of/complete

halfhearted adj. � � � � �

: lacking heart, spirit, or interesthalfhearted ↔ enthusiastic

hallucination n. � � : perception of objects with no reality usually arising from disorder of the nervous system or in response to drugsdelusion : thought :: hallucination : perception

halting adj. � � � � � / � � � � � �

: marked by a lack of sureness or effectivenessfluent ↔ halting

ham-handed adj. � � �: lacking dexterity or graceham-handed ↔ deft/adroit

hammering adj. � � (� � ) � � �

: to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or attitude

hamper vt. � � � � : IMPEDEseminal ↔ hampering further developmenthamper ↔ facilitate

hamstring vt. � � � � � � / � � � � � : CRIPPLE: to make ineffective or powerlesshamstring : effectiveness :: ??hamstring ↔ make efficient

handle vt. � � �

cumbersome ↔ easy to handle

hangdog adj. � � � � � /� � � : SAD, DEJECTED: have a dejected, shamefaced or guiltyhangdog ↔ buoyanthangdog ↔ elated

hankering n. � � / � � : YEARN: a strong or persistent desirehankering ↔ odium

haphazard adj. � � � � � / � � � � � � � � : marked by lack of plan, order, or directionmethodical ↔ haphazardsystematic ↔ haphazard

hapless adj. � � �hapless ↔ fortunatehapless ↔ luckcy

harangue v. � � � � �

: to make a ranting speech or writingharangue ↔ speak temperately

harass v. � � � � / � � � � �

haunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritating

harbinger n. � � � /� � : PROCECUER: one that pioneers in or initiates a major change ; one that presages or foreshadows what is to comeharbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify

harbor v. � � � � � � �

: to provide a place, home, or habitat forharbor ↔ evict

hardheaded adj. � � � : STUBBORN, WILLFUL

hard-liner n. � � � � � � �

: one who advocate or involve a rigidly uncompromising course of actionhard-liner : compromise :: ??

hardy adj. � � � / � � � �hardy ↔ feeble

harebrained adj. � � � : FOOLISH

harmonious adj. � � � �

acrimonious ↔ harmoniousharmony ↔ discord

harness vt. � � � �

harness ↔ fail to utilize

harp n. � �horn : blow :: harp : pluck

harry n/v. � � / � � � �

harry ↔ comfort/untrouble

harsh adj. � � �barb : caustic :: pan : harshencomium ↔ harsh criticismmollycoddle ↔ treat harshlypaean ↔ harshly lampoonharsh ↔ serene

hasten vt. � � � �

: to move or act quicklyhasten ↔ slow the progress ofhasten ↔ check

hasty adj. � � � � / � � �: easily angered: done or made too quickly to be accurate or wisehasty ↔ characterized by deliberationhasty ↔ well considered

haunt vt. � � � � : FREQUENT: to visit oftenhaunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritatingpersecute : injure :: haunt : remember

haunt ↔ shun/infrequencyfrequent ↔ avoid

hauteur n. � � � : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESSfawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swaggerhauteur ↔ humility

havoc n. � � �

havoc ↔ serenity

haze v. � � � � � � / � � � �

: to make hazy, dull, or cloudy: to harass by exacting unnecessary or disagreeable work

headlong adj. � � � �

: lacking in calmness or restraintheadlong ↔ deliberate

headstrong adj. � � �

headstrong : willfulness :: ??

hearken(harken) v. � � � � � �

: to give respectful attentionhearken ↔ ignore

heart vt. � � � � mollify : anger :: heart : dejectiondismay ↔ hearted

heartrending adj. � � � � � � � �: causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathyheartrending : sad :: deafening : loud(>)

hedge n. � � � � �

: a means of protection or defense (as against financial loss)hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

heinous adj. � � � : ABOMINABLEheinous ↔ commendable

heirloom n. � �

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

hem n. � �hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt/molding : cabinet

herald vt. � � � � : ANNOUNCEunabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcementunherald ↔ proclaim

herbicide n. � � �insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide

hereditary adj. � � � : genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to offspringhereditary ↔ acquired

heresy n. � �

: an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth or to generally accepted beliefs or standardsapostasy : faith :: recantation : heresydogma ↔ heresy

heretical adj. � � � : UNORTHODOXdoctrine : heretical :: course : errant

hermit n. � � � : RECLUSE: one that retires from society and lives in solitude especially for religious reasonsvegetarian : meat :: hermit : society

hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous

herpetologist n. � � � �

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

hesitance n. � � � alacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitanceimpetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillation

hidebound adj. � � � / � � � � � �

: having an inflexible or ultraconservative character

contumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/noveltyhidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)

hideous adj. � � � � � � / � � � � �

: offensive to the senses and especially to sight ; exceedingly uglypulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousnessaffinity ↔ aversion/hideousness

hie vt. � � � � : HASTENhie ↔ dawdle

hierarchy n. � � � � echelon : hierarchy : : ??

hike n. � � � � �

: an abrupt increase especially in quantity or amountbackset ↔ hike

hinge n. ( � � � )� �

hint n. � � : CLUEnuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)

histrionic adj. � � � / � � � � : THEATRICAL: of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater: deliberately affectedhistrionic : actor :: ??

hitch v. (� � � � � ) � � / � �

hive n. � � � � �: a place swarming with activitytumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive

hoard v. � � � �

miser : hoard :: dandy : preen /sycophant : fawn /pundit : opinehoard : miser :: shirk : malinger

hoary adj. � � � � � : ANCIENT: extremely oldhoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>)

hodgepodge n. � � � : JUMBLE: a mixture of dissimilar ingredientshodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originalitems : hodgepodge :: people : rabblerioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translaterioter : hodgepodge :: illuminator : instruct homage n. � � : RESPECTcounsel : advice :: laud : homagehomage ↔ disrespect

homily n. � � / � �parable : story :: homily : lecture

homogenize vt. � � � � � � �

stratify ↔ homogenize

hone v. � � � � � : WHEThone ↔ blunt

honorarium n. � � �amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful

horn n. � � � : TRUMPEThorn : blow :: harp : pluck

hortative adj. � � � � : ADVISORYdidactic : teach :: hortatory : urgehortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve

horticulture n. � � �

tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture

hovel n. � � � � : HUTpalatial : hovel :: city : bucolic

hub n. � � spoke : hub :: radius : center

hubris n. � �parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride

humanitarian n. � � � : PHILANTHROPIST

humble adj. � � � dour : geniality :: bumptious : humblenessimpetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humblenesssupercilious ↔ humblebumptious ↔ humblehauteur ↔ humilitypanache ↔ humility

humor vt. � � � � � �

: to comply with the wishes or ideas ofchide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)

hurdle n. � � � : OVERCOME, SURMOUNT

hurl vt. � � � � � scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection/hurl : disgust

hurricane n. � � � �

fire : inferno :: storm : hurricanerain : deluge :: wind : hurricane(<)snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

husbandry n. � � : CONSERVATIONhusbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinatehusband ↔ squanderhusbandry ↔ prodigality

husky adj. � � � � �husky ↔ delicate

hybrid adj. � � � : COMPOSITEhybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction

hymn n. � � �

hypnotic adj/n. � � � � / � � � : SOPORIFIChypnotic/unwitting ↔ conscioushypnotic ↔ stimulant

hyperbole n. � � �

malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbolehyperbolic ↔ factful

hypocritical adj. � � � �

authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocriticalhypocritical ↔ ingenuous/honest

I

ichthyologist n. � � �

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

idiosyncratic adj. � � �

: characteristic peculiarity

idolater n. � � � reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe

ignite vt. � � � � : KINDLEignite ↔ extinguish

ignominy n. � � � / � �: deep personal humiliation and disgraceignominious ↔ loftyignominies ↔ glory/honor/esteem/respect

ignorant adj. � � � subtle : ignore :: salient : observeerudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

ill-bred adj. � � � � � � : IMPOLITE: badly brought up or showing bad upbringingill-bred : impolite :: ??

illiteracy n. � � illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution

illuminati n. � � � � � � [� � � � ] � �: persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightenedinterpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct

illumination n. � � /� � / � � � frieze : building :: illumination : manuscriptstylus : mark :: lamp : illuminationtherapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : schoolobfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly

illusory adj. � � � � � � � : DECEPTIVE: based on or producing illusionmaelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusorynicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)squall : commotion :: flash : illumination

illustrate vt. � � � �

illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details

imbroglio n. � � / � � � � �

: an intricate or complicated situation (as in a drama or novel): a violently confused or bitterly complicated altercation

imitation n. � � exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame

immanent adj. � � � �

: remaining or operating within a domain of reality or realm of discourseimmanent ↔ explicitimmanent ↔ extrinsic

immaterial adj. � � � � � : UNIMPORTANT: of no substantial consequenceimmaterial : relevance :: peripheral : centerimmaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directnessrelevant ↔ immaterial

immemorial adj. � � � �: extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory, record, or traditionimmemorial ↔ recent

imminent adj. � � � � � : ready to take place; especially : hanging threateningly over one's headimminency : forthcoming :: ??

immune adj. � � � fertilize : grow :: immunize : resistsoporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunityvaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded

immure vt. � � � �

: to enclose within or as if within wallsimmure ↔ release

immutable adj. � � � : not capable of or susceptible to changeimmutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#)transitory : endure :: immutable : change(#)immutable ↔ variable

imp n. � � � � � : URCHINinsensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp

impair vt. � � � � �

impassive adj. � � � � / � � �

impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfyimpassive ↔ emotional

impeccable adj. � � � : FLAWLESS: free from fault or blameblemish : impeccable :: guile : artlessimpeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guilerectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuseimpeccable : flaw :: indolent : stirimpeccable ↔ faulty

impecunious adj. � � � � : PENNILESSfoolish : discretion :: impecunious : moneyfrugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<)impecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluent

impede v. � � � �

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impedeabet ↔ thwart/impedefacilitate ↔ impede

impending adj. � � � � � �

: to be about to occurimpending ↔ remote

impenetrable adj. � � � � �

pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolableporous ↔ impenetrable

impenitent adj. � � � � � � : not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offensespenitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)rueful/contrite ↔ impenitent

imperative adj. � � � � � / � � � �

: expressive of a command, entreaty, or exhortation: not to be avoided or evadedquestion : interrogative :: order : imperative

imperceptible adj. � � � / � � � � � �

appreciable ↔ imperceptible

imperial adj. � � � � � / � � �: of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or an emperorimperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)imperial ↔ obedient

imperious adj. � � � : DOMINEERING: marked by arrogant assurancefawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directnessimperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate(#)imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness/elaborate : sketchyimperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swaggerimperious ↔ humble

impertinent adj. � � � � / � � � � �

: not pertinent: given to or characterized by insolent rudenessimpertinence ↔ respect/relevanceobeisant ↔ impertinent

imperturbable adj. � � � : SERENErestive ↔ calm/imperturbableticklish ↔ imperturbableimperturbability ↔ volatility/diffidence

impervious adj. � � � � � /� � � � � �

: not allowing entrance or passage: not capable of being affected or disturbedimpervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#)impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoidimpervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused

impetuous adj. (� � � )� � � / � � �

: marked by impulsive vehemence or passionimpetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humblenessimpetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillationimpetuous ↔ deliberate

impiety n. � � � � : IRREVERENCEimpiety ↔ devoutness

implacable adj. � � � � �

: not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigatedimmutable : altered :: implacable : propitiatedimplacable : compromise :: honest : swindle

implement v. � � � �

implicate vt. � � � � � � : ENTWINE: to bring into intimate or incriminating connection

implode v. � � � �

collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)collapse : implode :: steep : immerse(<)

imposing adj. � � � � / � � � � �

: impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeurimposing ↔ modest

impromptu adj. � � � : IMPROVISEDad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

improvident adj. � � � � � � �

: not foreseeing and providing for the future

improvised adj. � � � �

rite ↔ improvised act

imprudent adj. � � �

impudent adj. � � � � � : INSOLENTimpudence : brazen :: deadpan : impassiveimpudent ↔ deferential/respectful

impugn v. � � � �

: to assail by words or arguments ; oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity

extol ↔ condemn/impugn/detractimpugn ↔ championimpugn ↔ endorseimpugn ↔ vindicate

impuissance n. � � � � : WEAKNESS, POWERLESSNESSclout ↔ impuissance

impulsive adj. � � � �

impute adj. � � � �

imputable : nettle :: ??

inadvertent adj. � � � � : INATTENTIVE: not focusing the mind on a matterinadvertent ↔ intentional

inalienable adj. � � � � � �

inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated

inane adj. � � � /� � � � / � � � � : SILLYinane ↔ substantial/expressive/meaningful/pregnant/significant/weighty

inanimate adj. � � � � � ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living(#)

inaugurate v. � � � � �

inaugurate : president :: install : official/crown : kinginauguration : official :: matriculation : studentcease ↔ inaugurate/commencement

incendiary adj. � � � / � � � �

: tending to excite or inflameinsurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate incendiary ↔ calming/moderating

incense vt. � � � � �

: to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of

propitiate ↔ incense

inception n. � � : COMMENCEMENTinception : termination :: matriculation : graduation

incessant adj. � � � � : UNCEASING

inch vi. � � � ( � � � ) � � � �

: to cause to move slowlyinch : move :: drawl : speak

inchoate adj. � � � /� � � � : FORMLESS: being only partly in existence or operation; especially : imperfectly formed or formulatedimmature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realized(#)inchoate ↔ fully formed/organized/having explicit

incinerate vt. � � � �

singe : incineration :: erode : destruction

incipient adj. � � � / � � �

: beginning to come into being or to become apparentimmature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realizedincipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible(#)incipient ↔ full-blown/full-realized

incisive adj. � � �

incite v. � � � � / � � � � � � �

exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : inciteinstigator : incite :: bully : browbeatincite ↔ pacify

inclement adj. � � � /� � � : STORMYinclemency : evade :: ??inclement ↔ balmy

incogitant adj. � � � � : THOUGHTLESS, INCONSIDERATEincogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm(#)

incongruent adj. � � � � � �

incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#)incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap(#)

inconsequential adj. � � � � � : UNIMPORTANTcrucial/apocalyptic ↔ inconsequential

incontrovertible adj. � � � � � � � : INDISPUTABLEincontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended/ravenous : satisfied /intrepid : fearedcontrovert ↔ substantiate

incorrigible adj. � � � � � / � � � � : UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE: incapable of being corrected or amended ; not reformableincorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood tractability ↔ incorrigibilitytractable ↔ incorrigible

incriminate vt. � � � � �

: to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or faultincrimination ↔ exoneration

inculcate vt. � � � � � � � � �

: to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitionshammering : inculcate :: ??

inculpate vt. � � � � � : INCRIMINATEexonerate ↔ inculpateabsolve ↔ inculpateexculpate ↔ inculpate

incursion n. � � : RAIDincursion ↔ retreat

indecorous adj. � � � �

mangy ↔ sleek

indefatigable adj. � � � � : UNTIRING

indelible adj. � � � � � : UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE: that cannot be removed, washed away, or erasedindelible : forget :: astounding : expectindelibility ↔ erasability

indelicate adj. � � � � � �

indemnity n. � � mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure

indict vt. � � � � : to accuse of wrongdoingindict : accused :: ??

indifferent adj. � � � : APATHETICembrace : affection :: shrug : indifferenceavid ↔ indifferent

indigenous adj. � � � / � � �: having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environmentexotic ↔ indigenousindigenous ↔ nonnative

indigent adj. � � � / � � � : IMPOVERISHEDindigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability(#)indigent ↔ affluent

indigestible adj. � � � � � �

indispensability n. � � � � : ESSENTIALindigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability

indoctrinate v. ( � � ,� � )� � � � : TEACHstickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating

indolent adj. � � � rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stirindolent : chirk :: ??

indubitable adj. � � � � � � � �

indubitable ↔ doubtful

inducement n. � � / � � inducement ↔ deterrence

indulge v. � � � � � �

: to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or considerationembarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle(<)indulgent � adherent :: slovenly� dapper(#)

indulgent adj. � � � : LENIENTabstemious : indulge :: austere : decorateglutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denialspartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxuriousdraconian ↔ indulgent/mild martinet ↔ indulgent personindulgent ↔ ascetic

indurate vt. � � � � � �

indurate ↔ soften

inedible adj. � � � � �

edible : eat :: portable : drinkedible : eat :: admissible : allow

ineluctable adj. � � � � : INEVITABLEimpervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoidineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defendserendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance

ineptitude n. � � � � / � � � / � � � � : INCOMPETENCE: the quality or state of being generally incompetentfinesse ↔ ineptitudeinept ↔ deft/adroit

inert adj. � � � � : deficient in active propertiesephemeral : endure :: inert : reactinertia ↔ activityreactant ↔ inert materialinert ↔ activeinert ↔ dynamic

inequity n. � � �

inequity ↔ rectitude

inestimable adj. � � � � � �

: too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated

inevitable adj. � � � � � ineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend

inexorable adj. � � � / � � � � : RELENTLESS: not to be persuaded or moved by entreatyinexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquestinexorable ↔ relenting

infamy n. � � � infamy ↔ good repute

infatuate vt. � � � � � �

: to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admirationsabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuationodium ↔ infatuation

infer vt. � � � � : GUESS, SURMISE: to derive as a conclusion from facts or premisestacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)

inferno n. � � � � � (� � � � ) : a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell ; intense heatfire : inferno :: storm : hurricane

infinite adj. � � � / � � � : INEXHAUSTIBLEinfinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlapunique : precedent :: infinite : end

infirm adj. � � � hale ↔ infirm

inflame v. � � � � / � � � � �

: to become excited or angeredinflame ↔ assuage/subdue

infelicitous adj. � � � /� � � � �

: not appropriate in application or expression: not happyhappy ↔ infelicitous

influx n. � � exodus ↔ influx

infuse v. � � � � / � � � � : INSPIRE, ANIMATEinspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>)infuse ↔ drain away/refuse/extract

ingenious adj. � � �

ingenuous adj. � � � / � � � � : ARTLESS: showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness: lacking in cunning, guile, or worldlinessimpeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guileingenuous : guile :: delicate : offenseingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen/polite : snubingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceivepernicious : injure :: disingenuous : misleadingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulnesshyporcritical ↔ ingenuous/honestingenuous ↔ cunning

ingrained adj. � � � � /� � �

: forming a part of the essence or inmost beingingrained ↔ easily to change

ingratiating adj. � � � � � : PLEASING: capable of winning favoringratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive

inimical adj. � � � � � : HOSTILE, UNFRIENDLYinimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicableamenable ↔ inimical

inimitable adj. � � � � � � : MATCHLESS: not capable of being imitatedinimitable ↔ commonplaceinimitable ↔ ordinary

iniquity n. � � � � : WICKEDNESSiniquity ↔ rectitude

initial adj. � � � / � � � : FIRST

eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiatedinitial : realized :: irregular : classified(#)/tangible : indefinite /tenable : undefended initial ↔ followinginitiate ↔ follow up

inkling n. � � � � � / � � � � �: a slight indication or suggestion: a slight knowledge or vague notioninkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantityinkling : indication :: lapse : error

innocent adj. � � � : BLAMELESS culpable ↔ innocent

innocuous adj. � � � /� � � : INOFFENSIVE, INSIPIDplacebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuousplacebo : innocuous :: venom : toxiousnoxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

innovation n. � � contumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/novelty

innuendo n. � � � � �: an oblique allusion ; a veiled or equivocal reflection on character or reputation

innuendo : suspicion :: ??

inquiry n. � � confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory

insatiable adj. � � � � � � � : QUENCHLESS: incapable of being satisfiedinsatiate ↔ slakable

insensate adj. � � � � �

: lacking animate awareness or sensationinsensate ↔ concious

instate vt. � � � � �

instate ↔ oust

insipid adj. � � � � / � � � : DULL, FLAT

insolent adj. � � � : IMPUDENTperfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : venerationinsolent ↔ polite/courteous elegant

insouciant adj. � � � : NONCHALANCE: lighthearted unconcerntenacious : yield : : insouciant : worry

inspired adj. � � � �

: outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of divinepedestrian ↔ inspired

instigate vt. � � � � : PROVOKEquell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse

instigator n. � � � instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat

instill v. � � � � � � instill ↔ drain awayinstill ↔ remove

institute vt. � � � � : ORGANIZErescind ↔ instituteabrogate ↔ embrace/institute/uphold

insubordinate adj. � � � �

tractable ↔ insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

insular adj. � � �: being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpointinsular ↔ cosmopolitaninsularity ↔ cosmopolitanism

insulate v. � � � � insulate ↔ expose

insurgent n. � � �: a person who revolts against civil authority or an established government ; a rebel not recognized as a belligerentparsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgentinsurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate

intangible adj. � � � � � � � : IMPALPABLEcorporeal ↔ intangibletangible ↔ unable to perceive

integral adj. � � � � / � � � : CONSTITUENT: essential to completeness: lacking nothing essentialintegral ↔ superfluousintegral ↔ redundantintegral ↔ tangential

integrity n. � � � � : COMPLETENESS: the quality or state of being complete or undivided: an unimpaired conditionecumenical : generality :: entire : integritytaint : integrity :: ??

intelligible adj. � � � �

correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible

intemperate adj. � � � � / � � (� )�equable ↔ intemperateintemperate ↔ constrained

intensify vi. � � � � : STRENGTHENmoderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousnessabate ↔ intensify/promoteassuage ↔ intensify

inter vt. � � � �

inter : burial :: obliterate : removal

intercede vi. � � � � : MEDIATE : to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling differencesintercessor : mediate :: augur : predictionintercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret

interim adj. � � � � : INTERVALinterim ↔ permanent

interlock adj. � � �

: to connect so that the motion or operation of any part is constrained by anotherinterlocking ↔ independent

interloper n. � � � � �

interlude n. � � : INTERVAL

interminable adj. � � � countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number :: everlasting/interminable : duration

intermittent adj. � � � �

intermittent ↔ constant

interrogate vt. � � � � / � � � �

: to question formally and systematicallyinterrogate : probe :: ??

confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatoryquestion : interrogative :: order : imperative

intervene vi. � � � � /� � � � � � � �

intimate n/v. � � � � /� � � � � � � �

: an intimate friend or confidant : to communicate delicately and indirectlyclique : intimates :: flock : sheepintimate : communicate :: allude : infer

intimidate vt. � � � � � / � � � �

sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidationdauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restraincoward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate

intransigent adj. � � � � � : UNCOMPROMISING: refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitudefirm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offendintransigent ↔ open to compromisetractable ↔ insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinatepliant ↔ intransigent/intractable

intrepid adj. � � �

genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract(#)

intricacy n. � � chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy

intriguing adj � � � � � � � : FASCINATINGinteresting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)pall ↔ interest/intrigue

intrinsic adj. � � � / � � �immanent ↔ extrinsic

inure vt. ( � � � � )� � � � �

: to accustom to accept something undesirableinured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency

invective n. � � : insulting or abusive languageexhortation : motivate :: invective : discreditpolemic : disputatious :: invective : abusiveinvective ↔ flattery

inveigh vi. � � � � � � � : RAIL: to protest or complain bitterly or vehementlyinveigh ↔ verbally provide support

inveigle v. � � � � � � � � : ENTICE: to win over by wilesplot : plan :: inveigle : interestinveigle ↔ request directly

inventory n. � � � �

census : population :: inventory : stockinventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo

investigate v. ( � � � � � )� � � �

cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)

inveterate adj. � � � � / � � � �

: firmly established by long persistence : confirmed in a habitinveterate ↔ casualinveterate ↔ one-time

invidious adj. � � � � � � �

: of a kind to cause harm or resentmentinvidious ↔ beneficial

invigorate v. � � � � : STIMULATEconducive : foment :: tonic : invigoratetonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deadendebilitate ↔ invigorateenervate ↔ invigorateenfeeble ↔ invigorate

inviolate adj. � � � : PURE: not violated or profanedpierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolablepenetrate : impermeable :: profane : inviolable/comprehend : obscureinviolable ↔ profane/impure

invoice n. � � � : a consignment of merchandiseconsignment : invoice :: ??

invoke vt. � � � � / � � � � : IMPLEMENT: to put into effect or operation: to call forth by incantationinvoke ↔ suspend

invulnerable adj. � � � �

: incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmedeuphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injureuntenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury

irascible adj. � � �

affable ↔ irascible

irate adj. � � �

gush : effusive :: rage : irate

iridescence n. � � � �

iridescent ↔ monochromatic

irk v. � � � � � � : VEX, IRRITATE: to make weary, irritated, or boredirk : enrage :: suggest : urge(<)irk ↔ make someone pleased

ironclad adj. � � � : BINDING: so firm or secure as to be unbreakablejammed : full :: ironclad : firm(=)

irreducible adj. � � � � � � � �

: impossible to transform into or restore to a desired or simpler conditionfactorable ↔ irreducible

irrelevant adj. � � � � � : INAPPLICABLEimmaterial : relevance :: peripheral : centerimmaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directnessgermane ↔ irrelevantimmaterial ↔ relevant

irresolute adj. � � � � � : VACILLATINGdemur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness

irreverent adj. � � � : SATIRICawe ↔ irreverence

irritate v. � � � � � � : ANNOYantidote : poisoning :: balm : irritationhaunt : familiar/similarity :: harass : irritatingirritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuousbalm ↔ irritant

issue n/v. � � /� / � � � � �

: a point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute: a single copy of a periodical: to appear or become available through being officially put forth or distributeddebate : issue :: bargain : pricerepartee : retort :: debate : issuestanza : line :: volume : issue

issue ↔ withdraw

isthmus n. � �: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areasisthmus : land :: strait : water

J

jabber v. � � � � �

: to speak rapidly or indistinctlyjabber ↔ speak slowly

jaded adj. � � : EXHAUSTED: dulled by experience or by surfeitoverexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

jammed adj. � � jammed : full :: ironclad : firm

jape v. � � � �

revere ↔ jape at

jar vi. � � � � �

jaundice n. � � /� � � � � �

: a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or hostility

jaunty adj. ( � � � )� � � : LIVELYstaid ↔ jaunty

jazz n. � �portrait : painting :: jazz : music

jealousy n. � � attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<)

jejune adj. � � � / � � � : DULLlabyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interestjejune ↔ thought provoking

jerk vi. � � � � � � � �

jest n. � � /� �

jest ↔ solemn speaking

jingoist n. � � � � � � � �

dove ↔ warmonger/jingoist

jitter n. � � � � � � �

: a sense of panic or extreme nervousnessjittery ↔ resolute

jocund adj. � � � jocund ↔ dreary/mormosejocund ↔ dourjocund ↔ serious

jog v. � � � �

jog : exercise :: barter : trade

joke n. � �

joke : punch line :: plot : denouementpun : joke :: supernova : star

jolt vi. � � � � � � �

jolt : move :: check : stop

jot vt. � � � � � � �

nip : eat :: jot : writejot : write :: skim : read

jovial adj. � � � / � � �

jovial ↔ mournful/drab/mormosesaturnine ↔ jovialmaudlin ↔ jovialjoviality ↔ moroseness

jubilant adj. � � � � :EXULTANTdolorous ↔ jubilant

judicious adj. � � � :DISCREETdaft ↔ judicious

juggernaut n. � � � � � � � � � � /� � � �

: a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its pathjuggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrablejuggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneousjuggernaut : crush :: quisling : betraysiren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstopptable

jumble vi. � � � � � � �: to mix into a confused or disordered massmixture : jumble :: ??

justify vt. � � � � �

justify ↔ argue against

juxtapose vt. (� � ,� � � � ) � � � � �

K

kangaroo n. � � �

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent

ken n. � �earshot : hear :: ken : see

kindle vt. � � � � � / � � � � : AROUSE: to stir up

kindred n. � � � � / � � �

kindred ↔ unsimilaritykindred ↔ dissimilar

kink n. � �

kiss vt. � �scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection/hurl : disgust

knack n. � � / � �knack ↔ ineptitude/awkwardness

knave n. � � � � �: a tricky deceitful fellowsage : judgement :: knave : deceitknave : rogue :: jack : dishonest man

knead vt. � � � � knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

knit vi. � � � � /� � � � �

knit : yarn :: study : reconditenessravel ↔ knit

knotty adj. � � � � / � � � � � � � �: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to defy solutionknotty ↔ easyknotty ↔ simple

kudos n. � � / � �

kudos ↔ disparagement

L

labile adj. � � � � / � � � � � : UNSTABLE: readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or biological change or breakdown : readily open to changelabile ↔ stablelabile ↔ immutable

labored adj. ( � � )� � � � � / � � �: lacking ease of expressionglib ↔ labored

labyrinth n. � � / � � � : INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY: something extremely complex or tortuous in structure, arrangement, or characterlabyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest(#)threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness(#)

laconic adj. � � � / � � � �: using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysteriousaudacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspirationlaconic ↔ loquaciouslaconic ↔ volublelaconism ↔ verbosityvoluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

lambaste vt. � � � � � : CENSURE: to scold sharply

lamentable adj. � � : MOURNFULlamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censurecelebration :: lamentful :: slight :: respectful(#)

laminate v. � � � � � � �

: to separate into laminaelaminate : divide :: ??

lampoon n. � � �

: a harsh satire usually directed against an individual

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirizepaean ↔ harshly lampoon

landfill n. � � � � � � cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse

landlord n. � � � �

landslide n. � � � : the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope; also : the mass that moves downdroplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

lane n. � � �

languid adj. (� � , � � )� � � / � � � � : WEAK: sluggish in character or dispositionlanguid ↔ energeticvivacious ↔ languid

languish v. � � �languish ↔ thrive

lank adj. � � � � � : SLENDER, THIN: not well filled out lank ↔ stalwart

lapse n. � � � � �: a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattentionlapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<)misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)inking : indication :: lapse : error(<)

larder n. � � � � � � : PANTRYlarder : food :: wardrobe : clotheslarder : provisions :: vault : valuables

largesse n. � � � � � / � � : liberal giving (as of money) to or as if to an inferiorlargesse ↔ parsimony

lariat n. � � � : LASSOlariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd

lash v. � � � � � � � / � � � �

lash ↔ unbind

lassitude n. � � � : FATIGUElassitude ↔ vim/animation

latent adj. � � � �

latent ↔ manifest

lathe n. � �

: a machine in which work is rotated about a horizontal axis and shaped by a fixed tool

lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten

latitude n. (� � ,� � � � ) � �

: freedom of action or choicelatitude ↔ strict constraint

laudatory adj. � � �

: expressing or conferring praisecounsel : advice :: laud : homageexecrable ↔ commendable/laudablepejorative ↔ laudatorylaud ↔ revile/blame

lavish adj/v. � � / � � � / � � � � � �

excoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishlylavish ↔ mean/hoardlavish ↔ stintpenurious ↔ lavish

leaden adj. ( � � � ) � � � / � � � �

: lacking spirit or animation

leaven vt. � � � � � � � �

: to raise (as bread) with a leavendistill : purity :: leaven : volume

lectern n. � � �

ledger n. � � � : a book containing accounts to which debits and credits are posted from books of original entry

leery adj. � � � � : SUSPICIOUS, WARYleery ↔ showing no doubt

legacy n. � �

legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

legend n. � � /� � � � �

: an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart : a person or thing that inspires legendsglossary : text :: legend : maplegendary ↔ obscure

legible adj. � � � � : PLAINlegible : decipher :: ??

legion n. � �

legion ↔ lack in number

lenient adj. � � � �

lethal adj. � � � � : DEVASTATINGdisagreeable : hateful l:: harmful : lethal(<)

lethargy n. � � � / � � � � � �

: the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferentlethergy : energy :: ??

levee n. � � levee : river :: cordon : crowdrampart : invasion :: levee : flood

levelheaded adj. � � � � : SENSIBLE: having sound judgmentlevelheaded ↔ foolish

leverage n. � � � � �

: the action of a lever or the mechanical advantage gained by itpublicity : attention :: leverage : advantage

lexicographer n. � � � � �

cartographer : map :: weaver : cloth/lexicographer : dictionary

liability n. � � / � �exempt : liability :: pardon : penaltyasset ↔ liability

liaison n. � � / � �

liberal adj. � � / � � � : OPENHANDEDnefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberalityliberal ↔ parsimoniousliberalist ↔ enfetterist

libertine n. � � � : a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality ; one leading a dissolute lifecaviler : carping :: libertine : licentiouslibertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequiousludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine/humorous : wagemotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious /manner : grandiose

libretto n. � � � � �

libretto : opera :: lyrics : song

licentious adj. � � � caviler : carping :: libertine : licentiousvoluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness

lien n. � � � �

: a charge upon real or personal property for the satisfaction of some debt or duty ordinarily arising by operation of lawlien : claim :: subpoena : command

liken vt. � � � � : COMPAREliken : similarity :: discriminate : difference

limber adj. � � � : FLEXIBLElimber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

limerick n. 5� � farce : performance :: limerick : poem

limousine n. � � �

mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile

limp adj. � � � �

limp ↔ firm

limpid adj. � � / � � � : PELLUCIDlimpid ↔ murkylimpid ↔ unclearmurky ↔ clear/pellucid/limpid

linen n. � � �

: thread or yarn spun from flaxclay : porcelain :: flax : linenflannel : cloth :: linen : fabric

linoleum n. � � �

varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

lithe adj. ( � � � � )� � � � � / � � �

: characterized by easy flexibility and gracelithe ↔ awkward

lucid adj. � � � / � � �

lucid ↔ murky/vague

lug v. (� � � � )� � �lug : carry = trudge : walk

lung n. �lung : respire :: tooth : masticate

lush adj. � � � � �: growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliagelush ↔ withered

luxuriant adj. � � � �

luxuriant ↔ spartan

M

magnificent adj. � � � / � � �

magnificent ↔ base

magnanimity n. � � � �: loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a noble generositymagnanimity ↔ grudge

malfunction n. � � � �

: failure to functionfail-safe : malfuntion :: ??

malinger v. � � � � �

: to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or workmalinger : ail :: flatter : appreciateparsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirkhoard : miser :: shirk : malingery

malodorous adj. � � � � �

malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound

management n. � � � � / � �

management ↔ ineffectivenessmanagement ↔ unfettered libertymanageable ↔ intractable/incorrigible

maneuverable adj. � � � � �

maneuverable ↔ intractable

mangle v. � � � � � / � � � � � � �: to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushingmangle ↔ praise extravagantly

mangy adj. � � � /� � �: having many worn or bare spotsmangy ↔ sleekmangy ↔ decorous

manic adj. � � � � � �

: affected with, relating to, or resembling maniahidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)

manumit v. � � � �

manumit ↔ enslave

marshy adj. � �marshy ↔ arid

massive adj. � � � �massive ↔ slight

master n. � � � �masterful ↔ ineptmaster : experience :: luminary : eminence

maudlin adj. � � � � � (� � � � ): weakly and effusively sentimentalmaudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed(=)maudlin ↔ unsentimental

mawkish adj. � � � � � � (� � � � ): sickly or puerilely sentimentalmawkish ↔ unsentimentalmawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarshipmawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative(>)mawkish ↔ unsentimental

meander n. � � � � � / � �

measly adj. � � � � �

: contemptibly smallmeasly : contemptibly :: puny : weaklymeasly ↔ grand

measured adj. � � � � / � � � : DELIBERATE: marked by due proportionmeasured ↔ recklessmeasured ↔ inappropriate measure : dimension :: analyze : nature

meddlesome adj. � � � � � � � �

: inclined to meddle or interfereattentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<)attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt

meld v. � � � �

meld ↔ dividemelded ↔ separate

melodious adj. � � � �

melodious ↔ jarring

mellifluous adj. � � � �

mellifluous : sound :: savory : tastemellifluous ↔ raspy

meliorism n. � � �

: the belief that the world tends to become better and that humans can aid its bettermentmeliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity

membrane n. � � �pore : membrane :: door : roomcell : membrane :: seed : hull

mendacity n. � � / � �mendacity ↔ honesty/truthfulness

mentor n. � � � � � � �: a trusted counselor or guidementor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy

metaphor n. � � �

: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in money);metaphor : literal :: ??(#)?? :: metaphor : description

meteoric adj. � � � �

: resembling a meteor in speed or in sudden and temporary brilliancefleeting : pass :: meteoric : risemeteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency(#)

mettle n. � � : COURAGE: vigor and strength of spirit or temperamentinsight : discern :: mettle : enduremettle ↔ craven

milk v. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to draw or coerce profit or advantage from illicitly or to an extreme degreemilk : extract :: exploit : utilize(>)

mint v/n. � � � � � � / � �: to make (as coins) out of metal: a vast sum or amountstrike : medal :: mint : coinmint ↔ modicum

minuscule adj/n. � � � � / � � �

: very small: a lowercase lettersmall : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<)minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish

minutia n. � � � �

: a minute or minor detailminutia ↔ essential

misanthropy n. � � � � � � / � �: a hatred or distrust of mankindmisanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary

miscreant n. � �

: one who behaves criminally or viciously

miscreant ↔ saint

misbehave vt. � � � � � � castigation : disapproval :: misbehavior : crimelapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<)reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn

mischievous adj. � � � /� � �: able or tending to cause annoyance, trouble, or minor injury ; irresponsibly playfulinsensitive : boor :: mischievous : imptightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy

misdemeanor n. � � � � /� � � crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision(>)misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)

miser n. � � �

miser : munificent :: zealot : blasemiser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigalmiser : hoard :: dandy : preen /sycophant : fawn /pundit : opineparsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgentmiser : stingy :: sage : judiciousspendthrift ↔ miser

misfortune n. � � boon ↔ misfortune

misgiving n. � � /� �misgiving ↔ certainty

mishap n. � � catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)

mislead v. � � � � � �

mislead ↔ disabuse

misnomer n. � �

misrepresent vt. � � � � �

tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate

mite n. � � � � �

mite : creature :: speck : amount

mitigate v. � � � � � : ALLEVIATEmitigate : severe :: qualify : generalmitigate ↔ exacerbate

mnemonics n. � � � hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memoryregimen : health :: mnemonics : memorymnemonics : remember :: staff : walk

mobility n. � � � : MOVABLEsplint : mobility :: ballast : instability splint : mobility :: purchase : slipperysplint : immobilize :: duct : convey

mockery n. � � diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockerypatronize : condescension :: deride : mockery

moderate vt/adj. � � � � /� � � � exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyaltymoderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness

modicum n. � �modicum ↔ mint

molding n. � � � �

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt/molding : cabinet

mollify v. � � � � : APPEASEmollification : soothe :: indemnity : securemollify : anger :: heart : dejectionmollify ↔ rousemollify ↔ vexmollify ↔ ranklevex/rankle ↔ mollifydiscommode ↔ pacificate/ease/mollifymollify ↔ antagonize/irepique ↔ mollifymollify ↔ nettle

mollycoddle vt. � � � � � �

: to surround with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attentionchide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly

molt n. � � � : ECDYSISmolt : feathers :: shed : hairfledging ↔ molt

momentous adj. � � � : IMPORTANT, CONSEQUENTIAL: of utmost importance ; of outstanding significance or consequenceatrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>)

momentum n. � � �

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

monotonous adj. � � � � / � � � � � � �

: uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone : marked by a sameness of pitch and intensity: tediously uniform or unvaryingmonotonous ↔ piebald

monochromatic adj. � � �

iridescent ↔ monochromatic

monopolize vt. � � � � � �

monotone adj. � � � � : MONOTONICvociferous ↔ reticent/monotone

montage n. � � �

: a composite picture made by combining several separate picturesmontage : images :: medley : songszigzag : turns :: montage : images

morass n. � �: something that traps, confuses, or impedesmorass : irritating :: ??

moratorium n. � � � � / � � � �

: a legally authorized period of delay in the performance of a legal obligation or the payment of a debt: a suspension of activityreprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activityfast : eat :: moratorium : act

morbid adj. � � � � / � � �: affected with or induced by diseasemorbid ↔ wholesome

mordant adj. � � � : INCISIVEmordant ↔ genial

moribund adj. � � � � / � � � � �

: being in the state of dying : approaching deathmoribund ↔ beginningmoribund ↔ nascent

morose adj. � � � �

: having a sullen and gloomy dispositionmorose ↔ cheerfulsanguine ↔ morose

mortar n. � � �

hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar

mosaic n. � � � � � �

mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth

mosque n. � � � � �spire : church :: minaret : mosque

mosquito n. � �

mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter

motile adj. � � � �

motility ↔ stasis

motivate v. � � � � � : IMPELexculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stirexhortation : motivate :: invective : discreditfungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

motley adj. � � � / � � � � �

: variegated in color: composed of diverse often incongruous elementsmotley ↔ colorless

motley ↔ unique

mottle vt. � � � � � � � �

striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spotmottle ↔ blanchmottled ↔ homogenous solidary

mournful adj. � � � � � : GLOOMYjovial ↔ mournful

movement n. � �

stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra

muddy adj. � � � � �

: obscure in meaningmuddy ↔ clear

muffle vt. ( � � � � � )� � �plangent ↔ muffled

mulish adj. � � �

: unreasonably and inflexibly obstinatedespicable : value :: mulish : flexibilityflexible ↔ mulishpliant ↔ mulish

mull n. � � � � : PONDER

mumble v. � � � � � �

: to utter with a low inarticulate voiceenunciate ↔ mumble

mundane adj. � � � /� � � : COMMONPLACE: of, relating to, or characteristic of the world: characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinarymundane ↔ exotic

municipality n. � � � � �

munificent adj. � � � � � �

miser : munificent :: zealot : blase

mural n. � �petrography : rock :: mural : wall

murky adj. � � � /� � �

: darkly vague or obscurelimpid ↔ murkymurky ↔ clearpellucid ↔ murky

murmur v. � � � � �

croon : sing :: murmur : speak

mushroom vi. � � � � � � � � � �

: to spring up suddenly or multiply rapidly

mute vt. � � � � � �

mute ↔ amplify

myopia n. � � � � � / � � �

: a lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of somethingmyopic ↔ discerningmyopic ↔ prescience

myriad adj. � � � countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number:: everlasting/interminable : duration

N

nadir n. � �: the lowest pointnadir ↔ summitnadir ↔ acme

naive adj. � � � : CREDULOUSguile : naive :: ?? worldly ↔ naive

narcissism n. � � � � �

: love of or sexual desire for one's own bodynarcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequiousnarcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>)

nascent adj. � � � / � � � : coming or having recently come into existencemoribund ↔ nascent

natty adj. � � � : SMARTnatty ↔ slovenly

nauseate v. � � � � � � �

vertigo : nauseate :: ??

naysayer n. � � �

concur ↔ naysay

nebulous adj. � � � : INDISTINCT, VAGUEnebulous ↔ distinct/unambiguousnebulous ↔ clear

needy adj. � � � : POVERTY-STRICKENaffluent ↔ needy

nefarious adj. � � � : EVIL: flagrantly wicked or impiousnefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberalitynefarious ↔ above reproach/virtuousnefarious ↔ beyond reproachnefarious ↔ exemplary

negative n. � � �

negotiate vi. � � � �

clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiationsnegotiator : agreement :: ??

neophyte n. � � � : PROSELYTEinexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel

nepotism n. � � � �: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinshipnepotism : relative :: cronyism : friendnepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud

nerve vt. � � � � � � �

: to give strength or courage to : supply with physical or moral forceappall ↔ embolden/nerve

nestle v. � � � � � � � �

nestle ↔ flinch/recoil/shrink

nettle v. � � � � � /� � � � � �

imputable : nettle :: ??mollify ↔ nettle

nibble v. � � � � �quaff : sip :: gobble : nibbleswill : sip :: gobble : nibble

nicety n. � � � / � � � � �: careful attention to details : delicate exactness: a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinctionnicety : precision :: illusion : fantasynicety : distinction :: ? : communication

nip v. � � � � � � : TIPPLEnip : drink :: jot : write

nitpick v. � � � � � �: to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant detailsfluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky(<)nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object(<)nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil

nocturnal adj. � � � �

diurnal ↔ nocturnal

noisome adj. � � �

noisome ↔ appealing/beneficial/pleasant/healthy

nomad n. � � �: a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territorynomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer

nominal adj. � � � � / � � � : TRIFLING, INSIGNIFICANT: existing in name only: insignificantly smallnominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity

nonchalant adj. � � � / � � � �

: having an air of easy unconcern or indifferenceanonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite

noncommittal adj. � � � � � �: giving no clear indication of attitude or feelingnoncommittal ↔ confirmable

nondescript adj. � � � � � � � / � � � � : DULL, DRAB: belonging or appearing to belong to no particular class or kind : not easily describednondescript ↔ conspicuous

nonentity n. � � � � � �: a person of little consequence or significance

dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence

nonflammable adj. � � � �

impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible

nonsense n. � � � � � � �nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast

nostrum n. � � � � / � � �

: a medicine of secret composition recommended by its preparer but usually without scientific proof of its effectiveness

notch n. V� � � serrated ↔ without notches/smooth

novelty n. � � �

: something new or unusualthreadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness(#)ballad : stanza :: novel : chapterbanal ↔ noveltimeworn ↔ novel

noxious adj. � � �

noxious ↔ beneficial

nuance n. � � �: a subtle distinction or variationnuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)nuance ↔ patent difference

nuance ↔ lack of subtlenessnuanced ↔ patent

nucleate v. � � � � � � � : CLUSTER: to form into a nucleusnucleate ↔ disseminate/scatter

nudge v. (� � � � )� � � � � / � � � � �

: to touch or push gently; especially : to seek the attention of by a push of the elbow: to prod lightlynudge : push :: ?? butt : head :: nudge : elbowdoze : sleepness :: nudge : prod

nurture vt. � � � � nurture ↔ withhold sustenance fromnurture ↔ disregardnurture ↔ stunt

O

oafish adj. � � � � : BOOB

obdurate adj. � � � � � � � � � / � � � : stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing : resistant to persuasion or softening influencesfirmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulousenergetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<)penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)toward ↔ obdurate

obedient adj. � � � � contumacious ↔ obedientimperial ↔ obedientobedient : � � � � � � � � � � � � � .compliant : � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � .docile : � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

obeisance n. � � / � � : DEFERENCE, HOMAGEobeisant ↔ impertinent

obfuscate v. � � � � � � � : DARKEN: to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understandequivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense/obfuscation : claritycoward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscateobfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearlyobfuscate ↔ clarify

obligatory adj. � � � � / � � � : MANDATORY, REQUIREDelected : obliged :: ?? discretionary ↔ obligatoryselective/elective ↔ obligatory

obliging adj. � � � : ACCOMMODATING: willing to do favorsvisionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

oblique adj. � � � � /� � � � : INDIRECT,OBSCURE: not straightforward: neither perpendicular nor paralleloblique ↔ direct

obliterate v. � � � � � � �

: to remove utterly from recognition or memoryinspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>)inter : burial :: obliterate : removalobliterate : remove :: accommodate : supply /convey : conduct

oblivious adj. � � � /� � � � / � � � � � � �

: lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention: lacking active conscious knowledge or awarenesserudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglectoblivious : attentive :: ??cognizant ↔ obliviousoblivious ↔ vigilantoblivious ↔ mindful

obscure adj. � � � / � � � : MYSTERIOUS: not readily understood or clearly expressed: relatively unknowncelebrity ↔ obscurityexplicit ↔ obscure

obsequious adj. � � � � / � � � � �

: marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentivenesscondescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=)libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequiousfrugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequiousobsequious : attentiveness :: ?? obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yieldobsequious� servile :: belligerent � assertive(>)supercilious ↔ obsequious

observatory n. � � �

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology/observatory : astronomy

obsess vt. � � � � � � � � � � �

: to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind ofagonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>)firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>)

obsolete adj. � � � / � � �: of a kind or style no longer current

obstacle n. � � �

blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede

obstinate adj. � � � / � � � : perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasionobstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offendunflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuadetractable ↔ insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

obstreperous adj. � � � � � � : UNRULY: stubbornly resistant to controlobstreperous ↔ disciplined

obstruct v. � � � � � � � : IMPEDEobstruct : progress :: stunt : growthobstruct ↔ facilitateoccluded ↔ unobstructedobstructed ↔ unocclude

obtuse adj. � � / � � � : INSENSITIVErectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuserestive : calm :: keen : obtuseobtuse ↔ acute/keen

obviate vt. � � � � � � �

: to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action)emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessaryobviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller

occlude vt. � � / � � � � : OBSTRUCToccluded ↔ unobstructedobstructed ↔ unocclude

occult adj. � � � � � : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS: not easily apprehended or understood: not revealed

occult ↔ bare/patent/readily fathomable

occurrence n. � �prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence

ode n. � � chord : tone :: ode : poemode : poetry :: spoof : parady

odious adj. � � � / � � � � �

: exciting or deserving hatred or repugnanceblatant : arresting :: odious : disgustinggrating : sound :: acrid : odorodious : disgust :: menacing : fearodious : repugnance :: menacing : fear/immovable : stabilityhankering ↔ odiumodium ↔ infatuationodium ↔ esteem

offbeat adj. � � � : ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONALoffbeat ↔ conventional/hackneyed

offend v. � � � � � � � � deferential : offend :: scornful : respectequivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense/obfuscation : clarityeuphemism : offend :: invulnerability :injureeuphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuseglitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offenseintransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offendobstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offendpliant : influence :: ticklish : offendpolitic : offend :: aloof : associateremonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprovepeccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture

offhand adj. � � � � : EXTEMPOREoffhand ↔ premeditated

officious adj. � � � � � � � � /� � � � � � � : MEDDLESOME: volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor neededattentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebelvisionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)politic ↔ officious

offish adj. � � � � : STANDOFFISH: somewhat cold and reservedoffish ↔ sociable

opacity n. � � � / � � �

opacity : light :: impermeability : fluidopacity ↔ transparency

opaque adj. � � � � / � � � �

: blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light: hard to understand or explainslack : tension :: opaque : translucencediaphanous ↔ opaque

opine vt. � � � � � �

augur : predict :: pundit : opine

opportune adj. � � � � � / � � � � �

: suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence : occurring at an appropriate timeopportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience(=)opportune ↔ inconvenient

oppose vt. � � � �

oppose : thwart :: treat : cure(<)

oppression n. � �

: unjust or cruel exercise of authority or poweroppression : disagreement :: ??(>)

opprobrious adj. � � � � / � � � � : SCURRILOUS: expressive of opprobriumopprobrious : blameless :: ?? opprobrious ↔ irreproachable

optimization n. � � �

: an act, process, or methodology of making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possibleoptimization : improve :: ??

opulent adj. � � � / � � �

oration n. � � oration : hear :: novel : see

orchestra n. � � � � �orchestra : musician :: pack : wolfpilot : ship :: conductor : orchestrastanza : poem :: movement : orchestrainstrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe

ordinary adj. � � �

ordinary ↔ miraculousinimitable ↔ ordinary

original adj. � � � � babble : sense :: parrot :: originalityhodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché : original(#)

orthodoxy n. � � / � � � religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy(=)dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group

oscillate vt. � � � � /� � � �

oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooteroscillation ↔ imperturbation

ornithology n. � � �

ornithology : eaglet :: astronomy : planet

ossify v. � � � � � � �

: to mold into a rigidly conventional patterndepreciation : value :: ossification : flexible(#)ossify ↔ transcend conventions

ostensible adj. ( � � � � � � � ) � � � �

: being such in appearance : plausible rather than demonstrably true or realostensible ↔ substantial

ostentatious adj. � � � � � � / � � � � �

: marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display

ostracism n. � � / � �: exclusion by general consent from common privileges or social acceptance

pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confineostracize ↔ take inostracize ↔ welcomeostracize ↔ include/embrace

oust v. � � � �

oust ↔ instate

outgoing adj. � � � � : EXTROVERTEDextrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting

outmaneuver v. � � � � � � �

: to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuveringoutmaneuver ↔ yield

outmoded adj. � � � � �outmoded ↔ original

overbearing adj. � � � unassuming ↔ overbearing

overdose n. � � � �: too great a dose (as of a therapeutic agent);overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : conventiondose : medicine :: sentence : punishmentdose : medicine :: current : river

overexposure n. � � � �overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune

overlap vt. � � �

infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap(#)

overt adj. � � � / � � � � : MANIFESTclandestine : secretly :: overt : openly(=)shadowy ↔ overt

overture n. � � � : PROPOSALveto : prohibitive :: overture : introductoryoverture : introductory :: caveat : warning

overwhelm vt. � � � � : to overcome by superior force or numbersusurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat(>)

overwrought adj. � � � � � : AGITATED

oxymoron n. � � � �

: a combination of contradictory or incongruous words, for exemple “open secret”, “young-old man”apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradoxequivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruousoxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic

P

pacify vt. � � � � � : SOOTHE : to allay the anger or agitation ofsolace : grief :: pacification : angerrankle ↔ pacifytantrum ↔ pacificationvex ↔ pacify/appease/soothediscommode ↔ pacificate/ease/mollify

pack n. � � �: group of animals, such as dogs or wolves, that run and hunt togetherorchestra : musician :: pack : wolf

pact n. � � / � � : COMPACT: an international treaty

padding n. � � �

: material with which something is paddedpadding : damage :: disguise : recognitionpadding : damage :: dam : floodpadding : damage :: levee : flooding

paean n. � � : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE: a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumphpaean ↔ harshly lampoon

painstaking adj. � � �: taking pains ; expending, showing, or involving diligent care and effortcursory ↔ painstakingly thorough

palatable adj. � � � � �

: agreeable to the palate or tastepalatable : savory :: discernible : manifest(=)

palatial adj. � � � � /� � � : of relating to, or being a palacepalatial : hovel :: bucolic : city (#)

palette n. � � � � � �

: a particular range, quality, or use of colorpalette : color :: repertoire : play

pall v. � � � � / � � � � �: to lose in interest or attractionpall ↔ interest/intrigue

palliate v. � � � � � � � � � � : ABATE: to reduce the violence of (a disease)pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliativecaustic ↔ palliating/genialpalliate ↔ exacerbate

pallor n. � � : PALENESS: deficiency of color especially of the face

palmy adj. � � � � : FLOURISHING: marked by prosperitypalmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity

palpable adj. � � � /� � � � � � � � : MANIFEST,TANGIBLE: easily perceptible by the mind: capable of being touched or feltelliptical ↔ palpablepalpable ↔ subtlepalpability ↔ intangibility

palter vi. � � � � � � � � : EQUIVOCATE: to act insincerely or deceitfullypalter : candor :: budge : diehardpalter ↔ candor

paltry adj. � � � : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL: lacking in importance or worthpaltry ↔ significant/important

pan n. � �: a harsh criticismrave ↔ pan

panache n. � � : VERVE: dash or flamboyance in style and actionpanache ↔ humilitypanache ↔ unremarkable behavior

pandemonium n. � � � (� � � ) : TUMULT: a wild uproar pandemonium ↔ serenity

pander v. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to act as a pander ; to provide gratification for others' desires

panegyric n. � �

: a eulogistic oration or writing; also :formal or elaborate praisepanegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirizepanegyric : praise :: valediction : farewellpanegyric ↔ anathemapanegyric ↔ condemnationpanegyric ↔ denunciation

panorama n. � � : an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction

panoramic ↔ narrow

pantechnicon n. � � � � �

: a usually enclosed wagon or motortruck used for transportation of goods or animalspantechnicon : furniture :: ??

pantry n. � � � � � �

: a room (as in a hotel or hospital) for preparation of foods on orderpantry : food :: armory : weaponspantry : food :: closet (wardrobe) : clothes

parable n. � �

: a usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral attitude or a religious principleparable : story :: homily : lecture

paradigmatic adj. � � � � : EXAMPLE, PATTERN:an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetypeparadigm : imitate :: reverence : regard

paradox n. � � � � / � � : a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps trueapophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradoxparadox : contradictory :: epigram : wiseparadoxical ↔ congruent/common

paragon n/v. � � /~ � � � � �

: a model of excellence or perfection: to compare with ; to put in rivalryparagon : admire :: pariah : contemptparagon : imitate :: reverence : regardparagon : mediocrity :: ??travesty ↔ paragon

parallel adj. � � �

: extending in the same direction, everywhere equidistant, and not meeting

paramount adj. � � � / � � � : SUPREME: superior to all otherspainful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<)ancillary ↔ paramount

paranoia n. � � � : a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness of othersenthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia

paraphrase v. � � � � � : to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another formparaphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise(#)

parch vi. � � � � �

: to dry or shrivel with coldsteep ↔ parch

pariah n. � � � � �

: a social outcastparagon : admire :: pariah : contemptpariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine

parity n. � � : the quality or state of being equal or equivalentparity ↔ inequality/incommensurateness

parlance n. � � : IDIOM: manner or mode of speechgait : walk :: parlance : speak

parochial adj. � � � / � � �

: confined or restricted as if within the borders of a parish:limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or

region)

parody n. � �

: a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridiculeparody : style :: mime : gestureode : poetry :: spoof : parody

parquetry n. (� � ) � � � � � �: work in the form of usually geometrically patterned wood laid or inlaid especially for floorsfresco : wall :: parquetry : floor

parrot v. � � � � � � � � �

: to repeat by rotebabble : sense :: parrot : originality

parry v. � � � � � / � � � � : to evade especially by an adroit answerduty : shirk :: question : parryparry : question :: deflect : critic

parse v. � � � � � � � : to resolve (as a sentence) into component parts of speech and describe them grammaticallyscan : metrical :: parse : grammaticalspecimen : dissect :: sentence : parse

parsimony n. � � : THRIFT: the quality of being careful with money or resourcescraven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthriftcurt : words :: parsimonious : resourcemiser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigalparsimonious : save :: prodigal : spendparsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirkparsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawnparsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgentparsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (#)parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#)patriot : country :: partisan : courselargesse ↔ parsimonyliberal ↔ parsimoniousparsimonious ↔ wastefulprofligate ↔ parsimoniousparsimonious ↔ prodigal

partiality n. � � : BIAS: the quality or state of being partial

particularize v. � � � � � � : SPECIFY: to state in detailillustrate : pictures :: particularize : details

partisan n. � � �

: a firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person; especially:one exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and unreasoning allegianceauthoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisanspatriot : country :: partisan : course

passionate adj. � � � � / � � � �

: capable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling

pastiche n. � � � �

: a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous workpastiche ↔ original work

patent adj. � � � : OBVIOUS: readily visible or intelligibleabstruse ↔ accessible/patentnuance ↔ patent differenceoccult ↔ bare/patentpatent ↔ not evidentrecondite ↔ patent

pathology n. � � /� � � : something abnormal,deviation from propriety or from an assumed normal state of something nonliving or nonmaterialpathological ↔ normal

patina n. � � � �: a superficial covering or exteriorpatina ↔ essential quality

patriot n. � � � : one who loves his or her country and supports its authority and interestspatriot : country :: partisan : course

patronize vt. � � � � � � � �

: to adopt an air of condescension toward ;treat haughtily or coollycondescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawnpatronize : condescension :: deride : mockerypatronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)

paucity n. � � /� � : FEWNESS: smallness of numberpaucity ↔ slewprofusion ↔ paucity

paunchy adj. � � � � �: having an enlarged, swollen, or protruding abdomensvelte ↔ paunchy and awkward

pauper n. � � � : a person destitute of means except such as are derived from charitypauper : ostracize :: ??

pebble n. � � �

: a small usually rounded stone especially when worn by the action of waterdroplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide

peccadillo n. � � � : a slight offenseglitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offensepeccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpturepeccadillo : offense :: cameo : role

peck n. � � � � �: a quick light kisspeck : kiss :: glance : lookpeck : kiss :: peep : sound

pedagogue n. � � � � � � � � �: a dull, formal, or pedantic teacherstickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate

pedant n. � � � (� � � � � ): one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship ostentatiouslymartinet : discipline :: pedant : learningmawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarshipscholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish(<)moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned(>)outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedanticpedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor

pedestrian adj. � � � / � � � � : COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVEpedestrian ↔ inspiredpedestrian ↔ imaginativepedestrian ↔ uncommon

peep n. � � � �: uttering the slightest soundpeck : kiss :: peep : sound

peeve v. � � � � � � : ANNOY: to make peevish or resentfulpontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed(=)placate ↔ peeve

pejorative adj. � � � � : DEPRECIATORY: having negative connotations; especially :tending to disparage or belittlepejorative ↔ laudatory

pellucid adj. � � � � � � � �

: easy to understandvenial : excuse :: pellucid : understandpellucid ↔ murkymurky ↔ clear/limpid

penalty n. � � / � �: the suffering in person, rights, or property that is annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of a crime or public offenseexempt : liability :: pardon : penalty

penchant n. � � /� � : LIKING: a strong and continued inclinationdrawdrel : penchant :: ??penchant ↔ aversionpenchant ↔ dislike

penetrate vt. � � � �

: to pass into or throughimpervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoidknead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable

pensive adj. � � � � � / � � �

: musingly or dreamily thoughtful

penury n. � � : a cramping and oppressive lack of resources (as money); especially :severe povertyincognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthypenury ↔ affluencepenurious ↔ lavish

perceptible adj. � � � � � � : capable of being perceived especially by the sensesrelevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)

peremptory adj. � � � � / � � � �

: characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assuranceparsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawnperemptory ↔ open to challenge

perennial adj. � � � � � �: lasting or active through the year or through many yearsperennial ↔ fleeting

perfidy n. � � : TREACHERY: the quality or state of being faithless or disloyalexorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)perfidious ↔ faithful/loyal/trustworthful

perforate v. ~� � � � � �: : to pass through or into by or as if by making a holeperforate : hole :: pleat : fold

perfunctorily adv. � � � � /� � � �

: lacking in interest or enthusiasmperfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration

perimeter n. � � : the boundary of a closed plane figurecountry : border :: circle : perimeter

peripatetic adj. � � � � � � : ITINERANT: moving or traveling from place to placeperipatetic ↔ stationary/rooted

peripheral adj. � � � /� � �: of relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or surface partimmaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#)crux ↔ peripheral elementperipheral ↔ central/in essenceperiphery ↔ core

perjury n. � � : the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by swearing to what is untrue or by omission to do what has been promised underoath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition(#)calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)perjure ↔ depose

permanence n. � � : DURABILITY: the quality or state of being permanentevanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency(#)heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#)opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transienceephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetualextinction ↔ perpetuationinterim ↔ permanenttransience ↔ permanence

permeable adj. � � � � : PENETRABLE: capable of being permeated ; especially :having pores or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass throughknead : malleable :: penetrate : permeableopacity : light :: impermeability : fluidwaterproof ↔ permeable

permissivist n. � � � � � � : TOLERANT: granting or tending to grant permission

pernicious adj. � � � � : DEADLY: highly injurious or destructivepernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead

perpetual adj. � � � : EVERLASTING: continuing foreverephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetualextinction ↔ perpetuation

persecute vt. � � � �

: to harass in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict; specifically :to cause to suffer because of beliefpersecute : injure :: haunt : remember

persevere vi. � � � / � � � �

: to persist in a state, enterprise, or undertaking in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragementobstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offendpersevere ↔ give up

persiflage n. � � / � � : BANTER: frivolous bantering talk ; light railleryexhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite

personable adj. � � � � : ATTRACTIVE: pleasant or amiable in personpersonable ↔ unattractive

perspective n. � �

: a mental view or prospect

perspicacious adj. � � � � � : KEEN: of acute mental vision or discernmentperspicacious ↔ obtuse/undiscerned

perspicuity n. � �

: plain to the understanding especially because of clarity

and precision of presentationperspicuous ↔ dull

pertinacious adj. � � � /� � � �

: adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design: stubbornly unyielding or tenaciousinexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractorypertinacious ↔ tractable/pliablepertinacity ↔ vacillationpertinacious ↔ irresolute

pertinent adj. � � � � : having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in handpertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluityimmaterial ↔ pertinent/relevantpertinent ↔ irrelevantpertinence ↔ lack of relevance

perturb vt. � � � � � � / � � � � : DISQUIET: to disturb greatly in mindimpassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfystoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfyperturbation ↔ serenity/equanimity

pervade vt. � � � � � : to become diffused throughout every part ofpervasive ↔ not widely distrubdted

pessimism n. � � � �

: an inclination to emphasize adverse aspects, conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst possible outcome

pesticide n. � � �

: a chemical used to kill pests, especially insectsinsect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide

pestle n. � � � �

: a usually club-shaped implement for pounding or grinding substances in a mortarhammer : anvil :: pestle : mortarpestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen/spice : flavor /whetstone : sharpen /spoon : stirawl : pierce :: pestle : hash

petition v. � � / � � � � : SOLICIT: to make a request tominion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary

petrography n. � � � � �

: the description and systematic classification of rockspetrography : rock :: mural : wall

petulance n. � � � /� � � : PEEVISHNESS: the quality or state of being petulant

phenomenal adj. � � � � � / � � � � : EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLEphenomenal ↔ ordinaryphenomenal ↔ unexceptional/commonplace

philanthropic adj. � � � � � : HUMANITARIAN: of relating to or characterized by philanthropyphilanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humorresourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : genialityphilanthropist : eleemosynary :: ??

philistine n. � � � � / � �

: a smug, ignorant, especially middle-class person who is regarded as being indifferent or antagonistic to artistic and cultural valuesphilistine ↔ aesthete

philosophical adj. � � � / � � � �

phlegmatic adj. � � � / � � � : IMPASSIVE: having or showing a slow and stolid temperamentintractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke

phlegmatic : arouse :: ??phlegmatic ↔ unsettledphlegmatic ↔ spiritedphlegmatic ↔ vivaciousphlegmatic ↔ sprightly

piddling adj. � � � / � � � : TRIVIAL, PALTRYrestive : calmness :: piddling : considerable(#)

pigment n. � �

: a coloring matter in animals and plants especially in a cell or tissuealbino : pigment :: prairie : tree

pilfer v. � � �

: to steal stealthily in small amounts and often again and againabscond : depart :: pilfer : take

pillar n. � � : POST: a slender, freestanding, vertical supportcolonnade : pillar :: queue : personstockade : enclosure :: pillar : supportderelict ↔ pillar of society

pillory v. � � � � � � � / � � � � � � � �: to set in a pillory as punishment: to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn

admonish : denounce :: punish : pillorychide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddlepillory ↔ exalt

pilot n. � � � : HELMSMAN: one employed to steer a shippilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra

pine vi. � � � �

: to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainablelonging : pine :: remorse : rue

pinnacle n. � �

: an upright architectural member generally ending in a small spire and used especially in Gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttresspinnacle ↔ nadir/lowest point

pinpoint n. � � � � / � � � � � : something that is extremely small or insignificant: extremely fine or precise

piquant adj. � � � : SPICY: agreeably stimulating to the palate

pique v. � � � � � / � � � �

: to arouse anger or resentment inpique ↔ mollify

pith n. � � / � �

: the essential partpith ↔ unimportant point/superficial element/insignificant part

pithy adj. � � � � � � � � �

: having substance and point : tersely cogentpithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricaturepithy ↔ prolix

pitiless adj. � � � � : MERCILESS: devoid of pity

pittance n. � � : a small portion, amount, or allowance; also :a meager wage or remunerationpittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream

cornucopia ↔ lack/pittancepittance ↔ crop

placate vt. � � � : APPEASE: to soothe or mollify especially by concessionsinalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiatedgalling ↔ placatingplacate ↔ peeve/rileplacate ↔ antagonizeplacate ↔ disconcertplacate ↔ surprise

placebo n. � � � �

: an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance (as a drug)placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuousplacebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vistaplacebo : innocuous :: venom : toxious

plagiarize v. � � � � / � � � �

: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own ; use (another's production) without crediting the sourceplagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

plangent adj. � � � � � / � � � �: having a loud reverberating soundplangent ↔ muffled

pliant adj. � � � � �: easily influencedpliant : influence :: ticklish : offendpliant ↔ unyielding/mulishpliable ↔ difficult to crumblepliable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended

plod v. � � � � � � � � �

plod ↔ flitplodding ↔ easy and light

pluck n/v. � � /� � / � � � � � � �

: courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds: to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a pick: to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptlypluck ↔ cowardiceplucky ↔ cravenpluck ↔ inserthorn : blow :: harp : pluck

plumb vt. � � � � � / � � � � � � �

: to measure the depth of with a plumb : to examine minutely and criticallyassess : value :: plumb : depthmeasure : dimensions :: calibrate : diametergauge : pressure :: plumb : depthplumb : depth :: survey : poll unplumbed : depth :: vagary : predictionplumb ↔ examine cursorily

plummet v. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to drop sharply and abruptlyfall/descend : plummet :: move : dartplummet : ascend :: ?? plummet ↔ raise rapidly

plump adj. � � � : having a full rounded usually pleasing formsvelte ↔ plump

plurality n. � � � / � � : the state of being numerous

polarize v. � � � � �

: to break up into opposing factions or groupingspolarized ↔ make compatible

polemic n. � �: an aggressive attack on or refutation of the opinions or principles of anotherpolemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive(>)polemical ↔ compromising/conciliatory

polish n/v. � � / � � � � � � /� � � � : PERFECT: highly developed, finished, or refined rustic ↔ polisheduntutored ↔ polishedgaucheness ↔ polish

politic adj. � � � � / � � �

: characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, or dealing: shrewdly tactfulpolitic : offend :: aloof : associatepolitic ↔ unsophisticatedpolitic ↔ officiouspolitic ↔ injudicious

pollster n. � � � � �

: one that conducts a poll or compiles data obtained by a pollexponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass

pollyanna n. � � � � � � � � �

pompous adj. � � � / � � � : ARROGANT: having or exhibiting self-importancenonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombastpontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless

ponderous adj. � � � / � � �

: of very great weight: unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size: oppressively or unpleasantly dullponderous ↔ ethereal/gossamer/livelyslight ↔ ponderousponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/brisklyponderous ↔ graceful and light

pontificate v. � � � � � � � � � � �

: to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic waypontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate:aimless pontificate : speak :: strut : walkpontificate : speak :: swagger : walkpontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)pontificate : dogmatic :: ??pontificate ↔ comment tentatively/suggest diffidentlypontifical ↔ humble/meek

porcelain n. � � clay : porcelain :: flax : linenglaze : porcelain :: varnish : woodglaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture

pore n. � � / � �: a minute opening especially in an animal or plant; especially :one by which matter passes through a membranepore : membrane :: door : room

porous adj. � � � � /� � � �

: capable of being penetrated fragile : break :: porous : penetrateporous : liquid :: transparent : lightporous ↔ impenetrable

portentous adj. � � � � / � � � : PRODIGIOUS: eliciting amazement or wonderportentous ↔ regular

portrait n. � � �

portrait : painting :: jazz : musicportrait : painting :: biography : historyportrait : person :: seascape : ocean

poseur n. � � � � �: a person who pretends to be what he or she is not:an affected or insincere personposeur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousnessposeur ↔ sincere personstickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected

posit v. � � � � : POSTULATE: to assume or affirm the existence ofposit ↔ deny as false

posterity n. � � : the offspring of one progenitor to the furthest generation

postulate v. ~� � � � � � � � : to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary ; depend upon or start from the postulate ofpostulate ↔ deny as false

posture n. � � � � � � : ATTITUDINIZE: an artificial or pretended attitudeposturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerantposture ↔ behave naturally

potable adj. � � � � � �

: suitable for drinkingpotable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling

potentate n. � � � : one who wields great power or swayvirtuoso : skill :: potentate : powerpotentate ↔ subjectpotentate ↔ powerless person

potentiate v. � � � � � �

: to make effective or active or more effective or more activedeactivate ↔ potentiate

pout v. � � � � � � � � �

: to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expressionwince : pain :: smile : pleasure/pout : displeasure /sneer : contemptpout ↔ grin

prairie n. � � � : one of the dry treeless plateaus redominantly in grassalbino : pigment :: prairie : tree

prate vi. � � � � : CHATTER: to talk long and idlypontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimlessprate : speak :: saunter : walk

preach v. � � � �

precarious adj. � � � / � � � � �

: characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with dangerprecarious : stability :: spent : efficacyprecarious ↔ secure/stable/safe

precedent n/adj. � � / � � �

: prior in time, order, arrangement, or significancepreempt : precedence :: acquire : possessionunexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedentunique : precedent :: infinite : end

precipice n. � � / � �: a very steep or overhanging placeprecipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness

precipitate v. � � � �

: to bring about especially abruptlyprecipitate ↔ retard/dilatoryprecipitate ↔ deliberate

precipitation n. � � (� ) �: something precipitated ; as a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snowsnow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone

precipitous adj. � � � � � � / � � � �

: very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fallplateau : precipitous :: ??precipitous ↔ levelprecipitous ↔ gradually sloping

precursor n. � � � / � � : one that precedes and indicates the approach of another precursory ↔ derivativeprecursor ↔ sequelprecursor ↔ sequela

predecessor n. � � / � � � : one that precedes; especially :a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeededlegacy : predecessor :: gift : donor

predilection n. � �

: an established preference for somethingpredilection ↔ propensity to dislike

preeminent adj. � � � � : OUTSTANDING: having paramount rank, dignity, or importancepreeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight

preempt v. � � � �

: take precedence overpreempt : precedence :: acquire : possession

preen v. � � � � / � � � � : PRIMP: to dress or smooth (oneself) upingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen /polite : snubmiser : hoard :: dandy : preen/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opinepreen ↔ ruffle

preface n. � � : the introductory remarks of a speaker or authorpreface ↔ epilogueprefatory ↔ conclusive

pregnant adj. � � � � � / � � � : INVENTIVE: abounding in fancy, wit, or resourcefulness: rich in significance or implicationinane ↔ expressive/meaningful/pregnant/significant/weighty

preliminary adj. � � � � : coming before and usually forming a necessary prelude to something else

premeditated adj. � � � � � : characterized by fully conscious willful intent and a measure of forethought and planningoffhand ↔ premeditatedspontaneous ↔ premeditate

preponderant adj. � � � /� � � �

: having superior weight, force, or influencepreeminence : importance :: preponderance : weightpreponderant ↔ commensurate/secondary

prepossessing adj. � � � � : ATTRACTIVE: tending to create a favorable impression

unprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome

preposterous adj. � � � � � � / � � � � : ABSURD: contrary to nature, reason, or common sensepreposterous ↔ commonsensical

presage vt. � � / � � � � � : FORETELL, PREDICT: to give an omen or warning ofharbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify

prescription n. � �overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention

presentiment n. � � : PREMONITION: a feeling that something will or is about to happen

preservative n. � � � : an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage

censorship : communication :: preservative : decaypreservative� decay :: anchor � drifting

presumptuous adj. � � � � � / � � � � �

: overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy) : taking libertiestransgression : morality :: presumption : propriety presumptuous : unruly :: ??

pretense n. � � / � � �pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove

prevail vi. � � � � : TRIUMPHprevail ↔ yield

prevalent adj. � � � � : WIDESPREADprevalent ↔ unusual

prevaricate vi. � � � � � : EQUIVOCATE: to deviate from the truthblandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceiveequivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth

prime adj/n. � � � / � � � prime ↔ uninitial

primordial adj. � � �: first created or developed ; existing in or persisting from the beginningprimordial ↔ most recent

primp v. � � � � � � � �

: to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky mannerprimp : vain :: gloat : smug

principal adj. � � � : CHIEFprincipal ↔ subordinate

prissy adj. � � � � � : FINICKY

pristine adj. � � � � � � / � � � : PUREpristine : decay :: stable : fluctuationdemanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine(#)squalid ↔ pristinepristine ↔ taint

privilege n. � � : PREROGATIVE

probe v. � � � � � � � : to search into and explore with great thoroughnesscavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)

probity n. � � /� � : UPRIGHTNESSprobity ↔ unscrupulousnessprobity ↔ shiftiness

proclivity n. � �proclivity ↔ aversion

procrastinate v. � � � � � : to put off intentionally the doing of something that should be donedilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complainhusbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)procrastination ↔ diligence

procure vt. � � � � procure ↔ relinquish

prod n/vt. � � � � � /� � � � : STIRdoze : sleepness :: nudge : prodrein ↔ prod

prodigal adj. � � � � : LAVISHmean : prodigality :: meek : arrogancemiser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigalparsimonious : save :: prodigal : spendhusbandry ↔ prodigalityparsimonious ↔ prodigalprodigal ↔ frugal

prodigy n. � � / � � � �

: a highly talented child or youth: something extraordinary or inexplicableprodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence?? :: mediocrity : prodigyprodigious ↔ slight

profane v. � � � � � � : DESECRATE: to treat (something sacred) with abuse, irreverence, or contemptpierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable(#)inviolable ↔ profane/impure

proffer v. � � � � : TENDER, OFFERproffer ↔ retain

profligate adj. � � � / � � � � : PRODIGALprofligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed(#)garrulous : words :: profligate : moneyloquacious : word :: profligate : moneyprofligate ↔ parsimonious/frugalprovident ↔ profligatebarren ↔ profligate

profusion n. � � profusion ↔ paucityprofuse ↔ scanty

proliferate v. � � � �

: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspringproliferate ↔ dwindle

prolix adj. � � � � � /� � �

: marked by or using an excess of wordspithy ↔ prolixprolixity ↔ succinctnesstaciturn ↔ prolix

prolong vt. � � � prolong ↔ truncate

prominent adj. � � � � : CONSPICUOUS

promote vt. � � � � � / � � � � � : FURTHERabate ↔ intensify/promotesubside ↔ promote

propagate vt. � � � � � / � � � : EXTENDpropagate ↔ check

propensity n. � �: an often intense natural inclination or preferencepropensity ↔ aversion

propitious adj. � � � � /� � �

: presenting favorable circumstancespropitious ↔ unfavorable

prophetic adj. � � � � : PREDICTIVE

propitiate vt. � � � /� � � � � : APPEASE, CONCILIATE: to gain or regain the favor or good will ofimmutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#)inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiatedpropitiate ↔ incensepropitiate ↔ antagonizepropitiate ↔ denounce

proposal n. � �

prosaic adj. � � � � / � � � � � : DULL, UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARYprosaic ↔ exceptional/imaginary/excitingprosaic ↔ preternatual

proscribe v. � � � � : PROHIBITproscribed ↔ permittedproscription ↔ permission

prosecution n. � �mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction

proselytize vt. � � � � �

: to induce someone to convert to one's faithhunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convertsalesperson : buy :: proselytizer � convertswindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert

prospect v. ( � � � )� � � � �

: to explore an area especially for mineral depositsprospect : mineral :: investigate : information

prosperous adj. � � � � : PALMYpalmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=)impecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluentprosperous ↔ depressed

prostrate adj. � � � prostrate ↔ erect

protagonist n. � � �

protean adj. � � � � /� � � � � : VERSATILEcircular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid(#)protean ↔ static

protest v. � � � � / � � � �

protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>)

protocol n. � � � �: a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the military services)protocol : blunder :: bumper : damagegrammer : language :: protocol : conduct

protract v. � � � � : CONTINUEprotract : length :: throng : numberprotract ↔ curtailprotract ↔ truncatesummary ↔ protracted

protuberant adj. � � � / � � � : PROMINENTprotuberant ↔ depressed

provident adj. � � � � � � � : FRUGAL, SAVINGprovident ↔ profligate

providential adj. � � � � � / � � �

providential ↔ unfortunate/mishap

provincial adj/n. � � � (� ) : NARROWbigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitanprovincial ↔ ecumenical

provisional adj. � � � � : TEMPORARYdefinitive ↔ provisional

provisory adj. � � � � : CONDITIONALprovisory ↔ unconditional

provoke vt. � � � � : EVOKEcholeric ↔ difficult to provokejejune ↔ thought provokingsuppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke(#)

prowess n. � � / � � � � �prowess ↔ timidity

prude n. � � � � � � � �

fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper

prudent adj. � � � : DISCREETprudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpletonfool ↔ prudent

prudish adj. � � � � � � : PRIGGISHscholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish

prune n. � � � �

prune : plum :: raisin : grape

pry v. � � � � � � �

: to look closely or inquisitively ; to make a nosy or presumptuous inquiryprying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful

psychology n. � � � fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist

puckish adj. � � � � � � : IMPISH, WHIMSICALpuckish ↔ sober/grave

puerile adj. � � � : CHILDISH, SILLYpuerile ↔ sagacious

puissance n. � � / � �clout ↔ impuissance

pulchritude n. � �

pulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousnesspulchritude ↔ homeliness

pullet n. � � filly : horse :: pullet : chicken

pulverize v. � � � � � �: to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very smallpulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehendedpulverize ↔ solidify

punch line n. � � � �: the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes the point

joke : punch line :: plot : denouementpun : joke :: supernova : star

punctilious adj. (� � ,� � � ) � � �

: marked by or concerned about precise accordance with the details of codes or conventionspunctilious ↔ remiss

pundit n. � � � : CRITIC: one who gives opinions in an authoritative manneraugur : predict :: pundit : opineauthoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisansmiser : hoard :: dandy : preen/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opinepundit : opinion :: augur : prediction

pungent adj. � � � / � � � : CAUSTIC: marked by a sharp incisive quality pungency ↔ blandness

puny adj. � � � / � � � : WEAK: slight or inferior in power, size, or importancemeasly : contemptibly :: puny : weaklypuny ↔ enormous

purgatory n. � � � � �

: a place or state of temporary suffering or misery

purity n. � � / � �mosquito : netting :: impurity : filterstickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulterationsynopsis : conciseness :: distillate : puritywinnow : chaff :: filter : impuritieswinnow : grain :: purify : waterdistill : purity :: leaven : volumealloy : purity :: thinness : density(#)inviolable ↔ profane/impure

purlieu n. � � � � � � : HAUNT: a frequently visited placetaut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#)purlieu ↔ infrequent place

purloin v. � � � : to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of trustlurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate/abscond : depart

pursue vt. � � �

purvey v. � � � � vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

pusillanimous adj. � � � : lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timiditydauntless ↔ pusillanimouspusillanimous ↔ stoutheartedtemerity ↔ pusillanimity/circumspectionvaliance ↔ pusillanimity

Q

quaff v. � � � � � �

: to drink deeplyquaff : sip :: stride : mincequaff : sip :: delve : skim

quail vi. � � � : COWERquail ↔ become resolute quaint adj. � � � : ODD

qualified adj. � � � � � / � � � � : having complied with the specific requirements or precedent conditions (as for an office or employment): limited or modified in some way

mitigate : severe :: qualify : generalabsolute/unreserved ↔ qualifiedcategorical ↔ qualified/conditional

qualm n. � � / � �: a sudden access of usually disturbing emotion (as doubt or fear)demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness

quarantine n. � �: a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of disease or pestsembargo : commerce :: quarantine : contacthedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination/safeguard : accident

quarry n/v. � � � /(� � ,� � � )� � � : an open excavation usually for obtaining building stone, slate, or limestone: to dig or take from or as if from a quarrymine : ore :: quarry : rockhunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert

quash v. � � � � / � � � � �

: to suppress or extinguish summarily and completelyquash ↔ engender

quell vt. � � � � / � � � � �

quell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse

quench vt. � � /� � � � � / � � � � tint : suffuse : damp : quench

querulous adj. � � � �: habitually complainingquerulous : complain :: voluble : talk

quest v. � � � �

: to ask forquest : reply :: command : action

questionnaire n. � � � �

queue n. �: a waiting line especially of persons or vehiclescolonnade : pillar :: queue : personperson : queue :: scene : panoramaqueue : people :: chain : link

quibble n/v. � � (� � )/� � � � � � � �

: to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words: to find fault or criticize for petty reasonsencomiast : eulogize :: quibble : cavilnitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavilquibble : failing :: rift : breach

quicksand n. � � � � � � � �

: something that entraps or frustrates

quiescent adj. � � �

tumult ↔ quietude/quiescence

quip n. � � � � � : GIBE: a clever usually taunting remark

quixotic adj. � � � � � �

: foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of idealsquixotic ↔ displaying consistently practical behavior

quota n. � � �

: the number or amount constituting a proportional sharequota ↔ unlimited number

quotidian adj. � � � / � � � � : COMMONPLACE,

ORDINARY: occurring every dayquotidian ↔ remarkablequotidian ↔ striking

R

rabble n. � � : MOB: a disorganized or disorderly crowd of peopleitems : hodgepodge :: people : rabble

rabid adj. � � � / � � � � � : FURIOUS: extremely violentrabid ↔ logical

racketeer n. � � �

raconteur n. � � � �raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing

racy adj. (� � � � ) � � � / � � � : PIQUANT: having a strongly marked qualitytame ↔ racy

raffish adj. � � � / � � �

ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen/polite : snub(#)

raffle n. � � � � � lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission

rafter n. ( � � � )� � �roof : rafter :: table : leg

rage n. � �: violent and uncontrolled angerbigot : dedication :: rage : anger(>)gush : effusive :: rage : irateinfuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity

ragged adj. � � � � �cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety

rail vi. � � �

ramble vi. � � � � � � (� � � � )draw : doodle :: travel : ramblefoot : perambulate :: eye : observe

rambunctious adj. � � � � � � : UNRULY: marked by uncontrollable exuberancerambunctious ↔ quiescent

rampart n. � � : BULWARKtower : edifice :: rampart : barrier

ramshackle adj. � � � � � � : RICKETY: appearing ready to collapseramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity(#)

rancid adj. � � � � � : RANK, FETID

rancor n. � � : bitter deep-seated ill willrancor ↔ good willrancor ↔ charitableness

randomize v. � � � � � � �

randomize ↔ systematize

range n. � �: a series of mountainsrange : mountain :: chain : link

ranger n. � � � � �

ranger : forest :: curator : museum

rank adj. � � � � � � � : RANCID

rankle v. � � � � � � � �

: to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitternessrankle ↔ pacifyrankle ↔ calm

rant v. � � � �

fear : cower :: anger : rant

rapacious adj. � � � � � � �

: excessively grasping or covetoustroubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)

rapport n. (� � � � ) � � : relation marked by harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity

rapport ↔ discord

rapprochement n. � � � � � � estrangement ↔ rapprochement

rapt adj. � � � / � � � : ENGROSSED: wholly absorbedintrepid : deter :: rapt : distractrapt ↔ distracted

rash adj. � � � / � � � � �

: marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or cautionobsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>)loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous(>)

raisin n. � � �

prune : plum :: raisin : grape

raspy adj. � � � � � � � � : HARSH, GRATINGmellifluous ↔ raspy

ratify vt. � � (� � )� � : CONFIRMrepatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#)

ratiocination n. � � / � � : REASONINGratiocination : thinking :: articulateness : talking(>)

ration n. (� � � ) � � �

dose : medicine :: ration : fooddose : medicine :: sentence : punishment

rationalize v. � � � � �

: to provide plausible but untrue reasons for conductrationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : discernible

raucous adj. � � � � � � : HOARSE: disagreeably harsh or strident

ravel vi. (� � � )� � : UNRAVELravel ↔ knit

rave n. � �: an extravagantly favorable criticismrave ↔ pan

ravenous adj. � � � � : very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or gratificationincontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended/ravenous : satisfied(#)

raze vt. � � � � : DEMOLISH

: to destroy to the groundraze ↔ build

reactant n. � � � reactant ↔ inert materialreactive ↔ inert

reactionary adj. � � � � / � � �

: relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction ; ultraconservative in politicscontumacious : authority :: reactionary/hidebound/conservative : change/innovation/noveltyrecalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : change

ream n. � � � � (500� )ream : paper :: cord : wood

reaper n. � � � � �scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter

reassure v. � � � � �

: to restore to confidencefeed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness

rebuff vt. � � � � / � � � � : SNUB: to reject or criticize sharplyrebuff ↔ approve

rebus n. � � � � � �: a riddle made up of such pictures or symbolsrebus : dissimulation :: ??

recalcitrant adj. � � � � / � � � � �: obstinately defiant of authority or restraintincongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#)recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : change(#)

recant vi. ( � � ,� � )� � � � � : RENOUNCE: to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) formally and publicly: to make an open confession of errorapostasy : faith :: recantation : heresyrecantation : error :: confession : crime recantation : confess :: guilt : ?recant ↔ reaffirm

receipt n. � � �

receptacle n. � �bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle

recessive adj. � � �

: of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant alleledominant ↔ recessive

recidivism n. � � � � � recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

reciprocate vi. � � � � � � /� � � �

: to move forward and backward alternately: to make a return for somethingreciprocating ↔ moving unidirectional

reckless adj. � � � � � � / � � �

circumspect/measured ↔ audacious/reckless/unscrupulous

reclaim v. � � � � � /� � � � : REFORM, TAME, SUBDUE

recluse n. � � �: a person who leads a secluded or solitary lifeposeur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousnessrecluse : communicate :: ??roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

turncoat : consistency : recluse : compassionrecluse : society :: shirk : dutyrecluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure

recoil vi. � � � � /� � � � � �

recoil : advanced :: ??

reconcile vt. � � � � � rift ↔ reconciliation

recondite adj. � � � / � � � : DEEPserpentine : directness :: recondite : pellucidityrecondite ↔ widely understoodrecondite ↔ patentrecondite ↔ self explainrespect : baseness :: study : reconditeness

reconnoiter vi. � � � � / � � � �

: to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military informationreconnoiter : information :: prowl : preyreconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes reconstitute vt. � � � � � � � / � � � �

: to constitute again or anew; especially : to restore to a former condition by adding waterreconstitute ↔ dehydrate

rectify v. � � � � : ADJUST: to correct by removing errorsrectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis

rectitude n. � � /� � : RIGHTEOUSNESSrectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)inequity ↔ rectitude

recuperative adj. � � � � � �

recuperative ↔ debilitating

redolent adj. � � � � : AROMATICredolent ↔ unscented

redoubtable adj � � � /� � � � � : FORMIDABLE: causing fear or alarm : worthy of respectexemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame/redoubtable : regardredoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregard

redress v. � � � � : REMEDY

redundant adj. � � � /� � � � : SUPERFLUOUS: exceeding what is necessary or normalindigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability

reel n. � � �reel : winding :: die : shaping

refectory n. � �

refinery n. � � �

refinery : petroleum :: mill : graincrass ↔ refinedrefine ↔ reduce purity

reflective adj. � � � � � � : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE

refractory adj. � � � � � : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE: resisting control or authorityadamant : flexibility :: refractory : control(#)recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionaryy : changerefractory ↔ responsive

refresh vt. � � � � � � : REVIVEdisgruntle ↔ refresh

refugee n. � �

refugee : asylum :: ??

refuse n. � � � : TRASH, GARBAGE

refute vt. � � � � : to prove wrong by argument or evidence ; show to be false or erroneousrefutation ↔ verification

regard n. � � : ESTEEMexemplary : imitation :: culpable :b lame/redoubtable : regardflout : disregard :: taunt : challengeredoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregard

regenerate adj. � � �

truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse(#)

regimen n. � � � / � � �

: a systematic plan (as of diet, therapy, or medication) especially when designed to improve and maintain the health of a patientregimen : health :: mnemonics : memoryregimen : health :: budget : solvency

regression n. � � / � �

regressive ↔ forward

rehabilitation n. � � / � �

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalescerecycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition

reign n. � � : SOVEREIGNTYcoronation : reign :: wedding : marriage

rein n. � � � � � �rein ↔ prod

reiterate v. � � � � � digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant(=)

rejoice n. relapse vi. � � � � � � / � � � �

recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce

release vt. � � � � constrain ↔ releaseimmure ↔ release

relentless adj. � � � / � � � : UNRELENTINGinexorable ↔ relenting

relevant adj. � � � / � � �

: having significant and demonstrable bearing on the matter at handimmaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#)immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directnessrelevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)relevant ↔ immaterial

religion n. � � religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy

relinquish vt. ( � � ,� � )� � � � � : RELEASEprocure ↔ relinquishrelinquish ↔ cling torelinquish ↔ cooperate/reward

relish v. � � � /� � � �

: to be pleased or gratified byrelish ↔ despise

remiss adj. � � � / � � � � : LAX, CARELESS: negligent in the performance of work or duty : showing neglect or inattentionpunctilious ↔ remissremiss ↔ scrupulous /wary

remnant n. � � /� �

shred : remnant :: ??

remodel vt. � � � � : REMAKEconstruct : remodel :: compose : edit

remonstrance n. � � / � �: an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievanceremonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disproveremonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censureremonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal

remorse n. � � � � � : SELF-REPROACH: a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongslonging : pine :: remorse : rue(=)truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse

remote adj. � � � �

: distant in timeremote ↔ impending

remunerate vt. � � � � : RECOMPENSE: to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expenseremuneration : service :: retaliation : injuryremunerative ↔ unrequited

rend v. � � / � � � � �

: to perform an act of tearing or splittingrend : tear :: dissipate : diminishrend ↔ unite/mendrend ↔ repair

renounce vi. � � � �

claim ↔ renounce

renovate vt. � � � � / � � � � � �

renovate ↔ cause to decay

repartee n. � � � � � �: a succession or interchange of clever retortsrepartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)

repatriate v. � � � � � � � �

repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification

repeal v. � � � � / � � � �

: to rescind or annul by authoritative act ; to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactmentrepatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification

repel vt. � � � � / � � � � � � �: to cause aversion incourt ↔ repel intentionally

repellent adj. � � �

repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#)entrancing ↔ disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive

repertoire n. � � / � � � �

: the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or musical works available for performancepalette : color :: repertoire : playrepertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo /agenda : meeting

repine v. � � � �

: to feel or express dejection or discontent

repine ↔ express joy

replete adj. � � � repletion ↔ wantrepletion ↔ emptiness

repose n. � �guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose

reprehensible adj. � � � � � : CULPABLE: worthy of or deserving reprehensionlamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censureremonstrance : dissuade :: reprehensible:censurecensure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible

repressed adj. � � � unrepressed ↔ restrained

reprieve n. � � � � �

: thw act of delaying the punishment of (as a condemned prisoner)reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity

reprimand v. � � � � : to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authorityreprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<)

reprisal n. � �

reproach v/n. � � � � / � �nefarious ↔ above reproach/virtuousscurvy ↔ above reproachopprobrious ↔ irreproachable

reprobate n/a/v. � � � /� � � / � � � �

reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawnreprobate ↔ righteous individualreprobation ↔ acclaim

reproof n. � � : REBUKEcastigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial/glorification : merit

reprove v. � � � pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove(<)reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<)

repudiate vt. � � � � / � � � �

repugnant adj. � � � �

odious : repugnance :: menacing : fearcogent : convince :: repugnant : repel

repulse v. � � � � : REPELcaptivate ↔ repulsecourt ↔ repulse intentionallyentrancing ↔ disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive

rescind v. � � � � / � � � � : REPEALrescind ↔ institute/enactrescission ↔ enactment

resentment n. � �

reserved adj. ( � � � ) � � � �

: restrained in words and actionsexpansive ↔ reserved/diffidentunreserved ↔ qulified

resign v. � � � � : QUITabdicate : throne :: resign : office

resin n. � � � �resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant

resolute adj. � � � � � /� � � : RESOLVED: marked by firm determinationmalleable : shape :: irresolute : opiniondaunt ↔ make resolutejittery ↔ resolute

resonant adj. � � � � � full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : soundresonant ↔ muffled

resourceful adj. � � � �

: able to meet situations : capable of devising ways and meansresourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality

respite n. � � � � � : REPRIEVE: an interval of rest or reliefrespite : labor :: interim : concertfast : eat :: respite : laborplateau : change :: respite : activity

resplendent adj. � � � / � � �

bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearanceresplendent ↔ dull

responsive adj. � � � : SENSITIVE: quick to respond or react appropriately or sympatheticallydispassionate ↔ responsive

restive adj. � � � � � � /� � � � � : FIDGETY, BALKY: stubbornly resisting control : marked by impatienceincogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calmrestive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness(#) restive ↔ calm/imperturbablerestiveness ↔ contentment

restore vt. � � � � / � � � �

dilapidated ↔ restored

restrain vt. � � � � / � � �

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist(=)bridled ↔ without restraintfervid ↔ restrainedunrepressed ↔ restrained

resurgence n. � � � : RENASCENCE

resuscitate v. � � � � � : REVITALIZE extinct ↔ resuscitatedresuscitation ↔ enervation

retainer n. � � : SERVANTretainer: retinue :: witch : covenretinue : attendant :: coven : witch /staff : officer

retaliate v. � � � � � : to repay (as an injury) in kindremuneration : service :: retaliation : injury

retard vt. � � � � � : IMPEDE divert : shunt :: retard : brakecatalyze ↔ retardexpedite ↔ retardprecipitate ↔ retard/dilatory

reticent adj. � � � : RELUCTANT: inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech: restrained in expression, presentation, or appearancereticent : talk :: abstemious : gorgereticent : voluble :: ??reticent ↔ loquacious

reticent ↔ effusivevociferous ↔ reticent/monotonevoluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticentreticent ↔ frank

retinue n. � � �: a group of retainers or attendants

retainer : retinue :: witch : coven

retort n. � � � � � � : RETURNrepartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)retort : response :: ??

retouch v. � � � �

revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

retract v. � � � � / � � � � �: to draw or pull back: to recant or disavow somethingmisunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retractcountermand : order :: revoke : licensefoster ↔ retract

retreat n. � � / � �

incursion ↔ retreat

retrench v. � � � / � � � �

: to curtail expensesretrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speedattenuate : force :: simplify : complexity /retrench : moneyretrench ↔ enlarge

retrospective adj. � � �

retrospective ↔ anticipatory

revenge n. � � mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

revere v. � � � �

: to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honorreverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupevenerable : reverence :: despicable : scornelegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence(=)revere ↔ jape atrevere ↔ disparage

revise vt. � � � �

: to look over again in order to correct or improverevise : manuscript :: retouch : picture

revive vi. � � � � � /� � � � � �

wither ↔ revivelull ↔ revive

revue n. � � � � �

rewarding adj. � � � � : VALUABLE, SATISFYINGdrudgery ↔ rewarding work

ribald adj. � � � � / � � � : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE: characterized by or using coarse indecent humorribald ↔ seemly

rickety adj. � � � � � : SHAKYcloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety

rider n. � � � � : an addition to a document often attached on a separate piece of paperrider : bill :: endorsement : policy

ridicule n/v. � � � / � �

satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrowridicule : derision :: ??sublime ↔ ridiculousreportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist

rife adj. � � � � /� � � : ABOUNDINGsparse ↔ rife

rift n. � � / � : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENTfaultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavilrift ↔ reconciliation

rig vt. � � � � � � �

: to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or dishonest meansrig : contest :: gerrymander : district

rigid adj. � � � / � �circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigidpliable ↔ rigid

rigorous adj. � � � / � � �

rile vt. � � � � � / � � � � � � : UPSETappease ↔ rilecholeric : rile :: volatile : rouserile ↔ conciliate

risible adj. � � � � � � � : LAUGHABLE: arousing or provoking laughter

rite n. � � � � � : a ceremonial act or actionrite ↔ improvised act

rival n. � � �

rive vt. � � � � � � : RENDrive ↔ unite

robust adj. � � �: having or exhibiting strength or vigorous healthrobust ↔ sick

rodent n. � � �

kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent

roil v. � � � � � � � � � /� � � � � �: be in a state of turbulence or agitation : to stir up roil ↔ clarify/appease/settle

roisterer v. � � � � � � � : CAROUSE: to engage in noisy revelryroisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw

riot vi. � � � � � � � sedate ↔ riot

roster n. � � lroster : personnel :: slate : candidateroster : staff :: obituary : death

rosy adj. � � � �

rouse vt. � � � �

: to become stirredmollify ↔ rousequell ↔ foment/instigate/rouserouse ↔ move quietly

rubicund adj. � � � � �

rubicund ↔ palerubicundity ↔ pallor

rudder n. � � �

rue n/v. � � / � � � �

longing : pine :: remorse : ruerue : satisfaction :: ??rue ↔ satisfactionrueful ↔ impenitent

ruffian n. � � : BULLY

ruffle n/v. � � � � / � � � � � �

hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt/molding : cabinetpreen ↔ ruffle

ruminate v. � � � � � �

: to engage in contemplationruminate : decide :: ??

rumple n. � � � : FOLD, WRINKLErumple : shirt :: ??

run n. � � � �

journal : entries :: run : performance

rupture n. � � / � �

rustic adj. � � � � / � � � : RURALrustic ↔ polishedurbane ↔ rude/rustic

rustling n. � � � � �: doing to steal cattleplagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

rostrum n. � � : a stage for public speakingrostrum : orator :: bench : judge

S

sabbatical adj. � � � � sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation

sabotage vt. � � � � � � �

: to commit sabotage againstsaboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defendsabotage� subvertness :: bully : intimidation(=)

saccharine adj. � � �: having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or characteracerbic ↔ saccharine

sacrifice n. � � � � � � �worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

sacrilege n. � � � �

safeguard n. � � � �

: a mechanical device designed to prevent accidentshedge : loss :: quarantine : contaminationsafeguard : accident :: hedge : loss

sagacious adj. (� � ,� � � � ) � � � : DISCERNING: of keen and farsighted penetration and judgmentprudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpletonturncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity puerile ↔ sagacioussagacious ↔ without wisdomsagacity ↔ follysimpleton ↔ sagacity

sage n. � � � / � � � � � � � �

: one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for wisdom: a mature or venerable man of sound judgmentmiser : stingy :: sage : judicioussage : judgement :: knave : deceitsage : wisdom :: philanthropist : benevolence

salient adj. � � � / � � � �

: standing out conspicuouslysalient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understandsubtle : ignore :: salient : observesalient ↔ unconspicuous

salmon n. � �

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

salubrious adj. � � � � �

: favorable to or promoting health or well-beinginstructive : comprehension :: salubrious : healthvirulent ↔ salubriousdeleterious ↔ salutary/salubriousinsalubrious ↔ wholesomesalubrious ↔ banefulhealthy : � � � , � � � � � � .healthful : � � � � � � � � .sound : � � � � � � � � .salutary : � � � � � .wholesome : � � � � � � healthy� � � .

salutary adj. � � � / � � � � � : CURATIVEdeleterious ↔ salutary/salubrious

salvage n/v. � � � � / � � � �

salve n/v. � � / � � /� � � � �

: an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores: a remedial or soothing influence or agencyplacebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuoussalve ↔ irritatesalving ↔ catalyst

sanctify vt. � � � � � � : CONSECRATE: to set apart to a sacred purpose or to religious usedesecrate ↔ sanctify

sanctimonious adj. � � � � � � � � �

: affecting piousness : hypocritically devout ; indicative of affected piousnesssanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest

sanctuary n. � � � � / � � �: a place of refuge and protectionsanctuary : protection :: utopia : perpectionsanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril

sand v. � � � � �

: to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive (as sandpaper)varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth

sanguine adj. � � � /� � � � � / � � � � : CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTICsanguine : blooded :: confident : optimisticsanguine ↔ despondentsanguine ↔ morose

sanitation n. � � � � : the promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of sanitary conditionscensorship : information :: sanitation : diseasenoxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

sapient adj. � � � � : possessing or expressing great sagacitysapient ↔ foolish

sarcastic adj. � � � � / � � � : CAUSTIC

sartorial adj. � � � � tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

satiate v. � � � � � � �

: to satisfy (as a need or desire) fully or to excesssatiated : food :: saturated : moisture

satire n. � � [ � � ] panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirizesatire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow

saturated adj. � � � � : full of moisture : made thoroughly wetsatiated : food :: saturated : moisturesmall : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<)obliterate � remove :: saturate : wet(>)

saturnine adj. � � �: of a gloomy or surly dispositiondespondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)saturnine ↔ jovial

saunter v. � � � � � � : STROLL: to walk about in an idle or leisurely mannerprate : speak :: saunter : walk

savanna n. � � �: a tropical or subtropical grassland containing scattered trees and drought-resistant undergrowth

savanna ↔ slope

savory adj. � � � savory � taste :: melodious � hear

savvy n/adj. � � ( � � ): practical understanding or shrewdness: well informed and perceptivesavvy ↔ simpleton/simplicitysavvy ↔ tactless

scale v/n. � � � � � / � �gauge : pressure :: scale : weightscale : weight :: yardstick : lengthcolor : spectrum :: tone : scale

scalpel n. � � � � �scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer

scan vt. � � � � � � /� � � � � � �

: to analyze verse into metrical patterns: to examine closelyscan : metrical :: parse : grammatical

scanty adj. � � � / � � �scant : considerable :: ??voluminous ↔ scanty/scarceprofuse ↔ scanty

scapegoat n. � � � � � � � � � /� � �

: one that bears the blame for others

scarp n. � � �

scathing adj. � � � � � / � � � : bitterly severescathing ↔ politely cooperative

schematic adj. � � � �

scintillating adj. ( � � � ) � � � � : brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty

schism n. � � / � �

: formal division in or separation from a church or religious bodyschism : consensus :: interruption : continuity(#)schism ↔ unity

scion n. � � : DESCENDANTscion ↔ ancestor

scoff v. � � � /� � � �

pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimlessscoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful

scooter n. � � � oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

score n. � �

director : script :: conductor : scorescore : instrument :: ??script : drama :: score : music

scorn vt. � � � � : to show disdain or derision: to treat with scorn ; reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthydeferential : offend :: scornful : respectredoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : scorn/contempt/disregardscorn : reject :: adulate : flatter(>)venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn(=) adulate ↔ scorn

scour vt. � � � � � : to become clean and bright by rubbingscour : wash :: ??

scowl vi. � � � � � � �

: to contract the brow in an expression of displeasurescowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection/hurl : disgust

scrappy adj. � � � �

: having an aggressive and determined spiritscrappy ↔ timorous

scrawl v. � � � � � � � � � �: to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelesslyscrawl ↔ carefully write

screw n. � �

gear : tooth :: screw : thread

scribble v. � � � � �: to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility or formtinker : adjust :: scribble : write

script n. � � director : script :: conductor : scorescript : drama :: score : music

scrupulous adj. � � � / � � � : CONSCIENTIOUS: having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper: punctiliously exact

scrutable adj. � � � � � � : COMPREHENSIBLE: capable of being decipheredmysterious ↔ scrutable

scrutinize v. � � � � � � / � � � � � � : to examine or observe closely and minutelyscrutinize : gloss :: delve : skimscrutinize : glimpse/glance :: delve : skimscrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought

scuff n. � � �scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization

sculptor n. � � �

canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor

scurrilous adj. � � � �: using or given to coarse languagescurrilous : propriety :: mercurical : constancy

scurvy adj. � � � : DESPICABLE: disgustingly mean or contemptiblescurvy ↔ above reproach

scythe n. � �scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter

secrete vt. � � � �

secrete ↔ absorb

sedate vt/adj. � � � � � /� � �

: keeping a quiet steady attitude or pacesedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbnesssedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilizesedation ↔ riotsedate ↔ flighty

sedentary adj. � � � � : SETTLED: not migratorymigratory ↔ sedentary

seduce vt. � � � �

sedulous adj. � � � � / � � �: diligent in application or pursuit

seemly adj. � � � � : DECOROUS: conventionally properseemly ↔ uncouthribald ↔ seemly

semblance n. � � � / � � : MODICUM: outward and often specious appearance or showsemblance ↔ authentic article

seminal adj. � � � � / � � � � � � � �

: containing or contributing the seeds of later developmentseminal ↔ hampering further development

seminary n. � � � conservatory : music :: seminary : theology/observatory : astronomy

sensation n. � �

analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensationnumb : sensation :: stiff : supplenessnumb : insensible :: burnish : lustrouspain : analgesic :: sensation : anestheticsensation ↔ anesthesia

sensitive adj. � � � / � � �

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offendinsensitive : boor :: mischievous : impsensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpletonsensitive ↔ numb

sentient adj. � � (� � ) � � �

: responsive to or conscious of sense impressionssentient/sentimental ↔ unconscioustactile : touch :: sentient : emotion

sentinel n. � �sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating

sepulchral adj. � � � / � � � : FUNEREAL, MORTUARY

sepulchral ↔ merry

sequester vt. � � � � : to set apartsequester ↔ permit to mingle

sere adj. � � / � � � �

: being dried and witheredsere ↔ lushsere ↔ damp

serendipity n. � � � � � � � � �

: the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought forserendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance

serenity n. � �havoc ↔ serenity

serfdom n. � � � � �

serfdom ↔ lordserfdom ↔ feudal lord

sermon n. � �

serrate adj. � � � � � / � � � � �serrated ↔ without notches/smooth

serried adj. � � � / � � � : COMPACT: crowded or pressed togetherserried ↔ widely separated

servile adj. � � � � : ABJECT: meanly or cravenly submissivecompliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)gullible : chicanery :: servile : dominationimperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

severe adj. � � / � � � : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVEmitigate : severe :: qualify : generalpalmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=)

shackle n/vt. � � / � � � � : IMPEDEemancipate ↔ shackleshackle ↔ loose

shadow vt. � � � � : TRAIL: to follow especially secretlyfollow : shadow :: leave : abscondshadowy ↔ overttrail ↔ lead

shale n. � � �shale : lode :: well : aquifer

shallow adj. � � � � � : SUPERFICIAL: lacking in depth of knowledge, thought, or feelingshallowness ↔ profundity

shard n. (� � � ) � � /� �shard : pottery :: fragment : boneshard � pottery :: morsel� food/tear � clothshard : ceramic :: crumb: cake

shelter v/n. � � � / � � : PROTECTconspicuous : sheltered :: ?? hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter

sheep n. �sheep : ewe :: swan : pen

shiftless adj. � � � � : LAZY: lacking in ambition or incentiveshiftless : ambition :: ingenuous : guile

shirk v. � � � � : to evade the performance of an obligationduty : shirk :: question : parryparsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirkrecluse : society :: shirked :duty

shopworn adj. � � � � � /� � �

shred n. � �

shred : remnant :: ??

shrewd adj. � � � � /� � �

shrewd : naïf :: ??(#)

shrink v. � � � �

shrug v � � � � � � �

: to raise or draw in the shoulders especially to express aloofness, indifference, or uncertaintyembrace : affection :: shrug : indifference

shunt v. � � � � divert : shunt :: retard : brake

shuttle n. � � � � �

sibilant adj. � � � � � : HISSING: having, containing, or producing the sound of or a sound resembling that of the s or the sh in sashhiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous

sidereal adj. � � : ASTRALarboreal : trees :: sidereal : starsstar : sidereal :: emotion : affective

signal adj. � � � / � � � �

signal ↔ unremarkable

simper v. � � � � � � � �: to smile in a silly mannersimper : smile :: babble : talk

simpleton n. � � prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpletonturncoat : constancy :: simpleton : precedentsimpleton ↔ sagacity

simplicity n. � � � : CANDORscrvvy ↔ simplicity

simulate vt. � � � � /� � � � : IMITATE: to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the intent to deceivesimulation ↔ authentic article

sin n. �peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation

sincere adj. � � � : PUREauthenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocriticalposeur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousnessposeur ↔ sincere person

sinew n. � � : POWERtendinous : sinewy :: ??sinew ↔ weakness

singular adj. � � � : UNUSUAL: being out of the ordinary worldly ↔ singular

sinister adj. � � � / � � �

sinuous adj. � � � � � : WINDING

sip vi. � � � � � � � : to drink in small quantitiessip : drink :: mince : walkswill : sip :: gobble : nibblequaff : sip :: stride : mincequaff : sip :: gobble : nibbleswill ↔ sip

siren n. � �

siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstopptable

skeptic adj/n. � � � � / � � � �

: a person disposed to skepticism especially regarding religion or religious principlespenitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)votary ↔ skeptic

sketchy adj. � � � � : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL: wanting in completeness, clearness, or substancefawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy

skimp v. � � � � � �

: to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or effort to or funds forparsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk

skirt vt. � � � �

: to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversyskirt ↔ seek/face

skit n. � � � skit : revue :: ??vignette : scene :: skit : drama

skittish adj. � � � / � � � �

slake vt. � � � / � � � � � : SATISFY, QUENCHgratify : desire :: slake : thirsty

slant v. ~� � � � � � /~ � � � �: to give an oblique or sloping direction to: to interpret or present in line with a special interestslant ↔ assert without bias

slapdash adj. � � � � : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD

slate n. � � � � �

roster : personnel :: slate : candidate

slew n. � �paucity ↔ slew

slight adj/n. � � � / � � � � �grievous ↔ slightprodigious ↔ slightslight ↔ ponderouscelebration :: lamentful :: slight : show respectcosset ↔ slightslight ↔ show respect to

slink v. � � � � � �

: to go or move stealthily or furtively (as in fear or shame)

slippery adj. � � � �dingy : glisten :: slippery : adheresplint : mobility :: ballast : instability /purchase : slippery

slipshod adj. � � � � � : SLOPPYassiduous ↔ slipshod

slogan n. � � �

sloppy adj. � � � �

sloth n. � �

slouch v. � � � � � � �

slouch ↔ stand erect

sloven n. � � � � � � �slovenly ↔ tidy

slumber n. � �

slur v. � � � �

: to cast aspersions onslur : speech :: smudge : writing

sly adj. � � � : DISSEMBLINGsly ↔ artless

smarmy adj. � � � �

: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, or false earnestnesssmarmy ↔ earnest

smart adj/vi. � � � / � � � � � : to feel or have such a painsmart : pain :: grieve : sorrowtatty ↔ smart

smattering n. � � �: superficial piecemeal knowledgeerudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unletteredstare : leer :: peruse : smatter

smirk v. (� � � � ) � � � � � : SIMPER: to smile in an affected or smug mannersmirk : smugness :: sneer : derision

smother vt. � � � � � �

smother : choke :: ??

smug adj. � � � � � /� � � � � : highly self-satisfiedsmirk : smugness :: sneer : derisionprimp : vain :: gloat : smug

smuggle v. � � � �

: to convey or introduce surreptitiouslycollude : cooperate :: smuggle : conveysmuggle ↔ transport openly

snag n. � � � �

snarl v. � � � � � / � � � � � � : TANGLEdisentangle ↔ snarlsnarler ↔ coo

sneer n. � �

smirk : smugness :: sneer : derisionwince : pain :: smile : pleasure/pout : displeasure /sneer : contempt

snob n. � �

: one who has an offensive air of superiority in matters of knowledge or taste

attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)

snub v. � � / � � � �

: to treat with contempt or neglectdissemble : honesty :: snub : politenessingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen/polite : snubsnub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty court ↔ snub

soak v. � � � � � / � � � � �: to lie immersed in liquid (as water) : become saturated by or as if by immersionsoaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy soaked/drenched : wet/damp:: frigid : cooldrenched : wet :: antithetic : indifferent(>)

sober adj. � � � / � � � / � � � �

frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<)puckish ↔ sobersumptuous ↔ sober

sodden adj. � � � �: heavy with or as if with moisture or watermarsh : sodden :: desert : aridmoist : sodden :: surprised : astonished(<)

soggy adj. � � � �

solace n. � �

solace : grief :: pacification : anger

solder n. � �

: a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfacesbreach ↔ solder

solemn adj. � � �

jest ↔ solemnity

solicitous adj. � � � � : APPREHENSIVE: full of concern or fearssolicitous ↔ unconcerned

solvent adj./n. � � � � � � / � �

: able to pay all legal debts: a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or dispersing one or more other substancescoagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolveprofligate : solvent :: mercurial : committedregimen : health :: budget : solvency

somber adj. � � � / � � � : MELANCHOLY, GRAVEcherubic ↔ somber

somnolence n. � � : SLEEPINESS

sonata n. � � �

dessert : meal :: epilogue : play/coda : sonata

sonnet n. � � � 14� �sonnet : poet :: symphony : composersonnet : verse monger :: ??

soothe vt. � � � � � : PLACATE,RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE: to bring peace, composure, or quietudevex ↔ pacify/appease/soothe

sop n. � � � / � �: a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift, or gesturesop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive

sophism n. � �: an argument apparently correct in form but actually invalidsophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money

sophistication n. � � � � � � � � : CULTIVATION, URBANITYingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulnesscallow ↔ behaving with adult sophistication politic ↔ unsophisticated

sophomoric adj. � � � � �

soporific n. � � �

: a soporific agentsoporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunitysoporific : sleep :: inoculation : immunitysoporific ↔ stimulantsoporific ↔ provocative

sordid adj. � � � / � � � : VILE

sound adj. � � � / � � � ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : claritytenable ↔ unjustified/unsound

sparse adj. � � �copious ↔ sparsesparse ↔ rife

spartan adj. � � � � � � � : marked by strict self-discipline or self-denialspartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious

spate n. � �spate ↔ dearth

specialist n. � � �

dabbler ↔ specialist

specificity n. � � �

specious adj. � � � � � � / � � � � : SOPHISTIC, PLAUSIBLE: having deceptive attraction or allurespecious ↔ validveritable ↔ specious

speck n. � � � � / � � � � : BITmite : creature :: speck : amount

spectator n. � � �

epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching

speculate vi. � � � � : REFLECTconjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation

spendthrift n. � � �craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthriftmiser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigalspendthrift ↔ miser

spent adj. � � � � : EXHAUSTED: drained of energy or effectivenessprecarious : stability :: spent : efficacy

spindly adj. � � �

limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty

spiny adj. � � � / � � � � � : THORNY

spire n. � �spire : church :: minaret : mosque

spleen n. � � : feelings of anger or ill will often suppressedspleen ↔ good will

splint n. � � : to support and immobilize (as a broken bone) with a splintsplint : mobility :: ballast : instability/purchase : slipperysplint : immobilize :: duct : conveybuttress : edifice :: splint : limb

spoil vt. � � � � � � : CODDLE: to pamper excessivelycosseted ↔ unspoiled

spoke n. � � �spoke : hub :: radius : center

spontaneous adj. � � � / � � � � : NATURAL: not apparently contrived or manipulatedjuggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneousspontaneous ↔ premeditate

spoof n. � �spoof : parody :: ??

sporadic adj. � � � �

: occurring occasionally, singly, or in scattered instanceschronic ↔ sporadic

sprain n. � �sprain : injury :: cold : contagion

sprightly adj. � � � : SPIRITEDdodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly

spur vt. � � � � : STIMULATEdeter ↔ spur

spurious adj. � � � : FALSE: outwardly similar or corresponding to something without having its genuine qualitiesspurious : authenticity :: ??spurious ↔ genuinespuriousness ↔ authenticity

spurn v. “ � ” � � � � � / � � � � : SCORN: to reject with disdain or contemptspurn ↔ welcome willinglyspurn ↔ court, crave, embracespurned ↔ beloved

squabble n. � � �

squabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<)tiff : squabble :: foible : failing

squalid adj. � � � / � � �

squalid ↔ pristine

squall n. � � � � � �: a short-lived commotionsquall : commotion :: flash : illumination

squalor n. � � � / � � �: A filthy and wretched condition or qualitysqualor ↔ immaculatenesssplendor ↔ squalorsqualor ↔ sinceritysqualor ↔ ceremony

squander vt. � � � � : DISSIPATEhusband ↔ squanderconserve ↔ waste/squander/exhaust

squelch v. � � � � / � � � � : QUELL, SQUASHsquelch/squash ↔ foment

stagnant adj. � � �

stagnant ↔ flowing

staid adj. � � � : SOBER, GRAVE: marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraintstaid ↔ jaunty

stain n. � � / � �dye : stain :: ??

stalemate n. � � � � : DEADLOCK: a drawn contest

clog:drainage::stalemate:negotiations

stalwart adj. � � �lank ↔ stalwart

stammer v. � � � � � � � : HALTfalter : act :: stammer : speak

stanza n. � /� : STROPHEballad : stanza :: novel : chapterstanza : line :: volume : issuestanza : poem :: movement : orchestraprose : paragraph :: poetry : stanza

stark adj. � � � : ABSOLUTE

startle vt. � � � � � startle ↔ lull

static adj. � � � static : movable :: pliable : inflexiblemotility ↔ stasis

stature n. � �

stature : tall :: sound : loud

steadfast adj. � � � � �

capricious ↔ steadfast

stealth n. � � � � �

caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive/discontent : unsatisfied

steep v/adj. ( � � � � )� � � / � � �

: to cover with or plunge into a liquid (as in bathing, rinsing, or soaking): mounting or falling precipitouslycollapse : implode :: steep : immerseprecipice : steepness :: defile : narrownesssteep ↔ parchdip : � � � � � � � � � � � � � .immerse : � � � � � � � � � .plunge : � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � � , � � � � .submerge : � � � � � � � � � � � � .soak, drench, steep : � � � � � � � � � � � . soak, steep� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � .

stench n. � �

stench : nose :: din : ear

stentorian adj. � � � �

audible : stentorian :: discernable : obviousstentorian ↔ faint

sterile adj. � � � / � � �sterile : bacteria :: impeccable :flawsverdant ↔ sterile

stickler n. � � � �: one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of somethingstickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : adulterationstickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinarystickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate

stiff adj. � � � numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness

stipulation n. � � / � �stipulation ↔ tacit requirement

stifle vt. � � � � / � � � � : DETER, DISCOURAGEfoment ↔ stiflefoster ↔ stifle

stigma n. � � : STAIN

stigma ↔ mark of esteem

stilted adj. � � � : POMPOUS, LOFTY

stint v. � � � �

: to be sparing or frugallavish ↔ stint

stingy adj. � � � : not generous or liberalmiser : stingy :: sage : judiciousmiser : stingy :: loner : solitarygenerosity ↔ stinginess

stipple v. � � � �

stipple : dot :: striate : band

stock n/adj. � � /� � �

: repeated regularly without any thought or originalitycensus : population :: inventory : stockstock ↔ unique

stockade n. � � stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support

stodgy adj. � � � � � / � � � � : HIDEBOUND,BORING, DULL: extremely old-fashioned ; having an ultraconservative character

mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy� conservative(>)stodgy ↔ exciting

stoic adj/n. � � � � � /� � � � �

: one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or painstoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfysolicitude : concern :: stoic : flinchstoic ↔ flinch

stoke v. � � � � �stoke : fuel :: irrigate :water

stolid adj. � � � :UNEMOTIONAL stouthearted adj. � � � pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted

straggle vi. � � � � : ROVE, STRAY

strait n. � �isthmus : land :: strait : water

stratify v. � � � � � �

: to divide into a series of graded statusesstratify ↔ homogenize

stray adj. � � � � �: having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended placedigressive : topic/subject :: stray : groupstray : group :: digress : subject

strength n. � �slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength

striate vt. � � � � � �grooved : striating :: braided : strandedstipple : dot :: striate : bandstriated : groove :: dappled : spot

stricture n. � � : an adverse criticism

stride vi. � � � � � �

: to take a very long step

quaff : sip :: stride : mince

strident adj. � � � � � �

stridency : sound :: acridity : odorstridency : sound :: garnishness : appearance

strike vi. � � � � � � �

strike : medal :: mint : coin

stringent adj. � � � : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED: marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standardstringent ↔ lax

strip vt. � � � bedeck ↔ strip

strut v/n. � � � � � / � � �pontificate : speak :: strut : walkstrut : wing :: buttress : wallstrut : wing :: guy : pylon

stubborn adj. � � �

studio n. � � �

studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist

stultify vt. � � � � � � / � � � � �

: to have a dulling or inhibiting effect onstultifying ↔ exciting/stirring

stun vt. � � � � � � � : DAZE

stunt v. � � � � ( � � ) obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth

sturdy adj. � �

stylus n. � �stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination

stymie v. � � � �

stymie ↔ abet

subdue vt. � � � � / � � � �

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#)subdue ↔ inflamesubdued ↔ unrulyflamboyant ↔ subduedburgeon ↔ subdue

subject n. � � � �

potentate ↔ subject

subjugate vt. � � � � � : CONQUERsubjugation ↔ liberation

sublime adj. � � � /� � � � �: lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or mannersublime ↔ ridiculoussublime ↔ base

submerge vt. � � � � �bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant/dissolve : insoluble

submissive adj. � � � �

subordinate adj. � � � � /� � � � : INFERIORprincipal ↔ subordinatetractable ↔ insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate

subpoena n. � � � lien : claim :: subpoena : command

subside v. � � � � subside ↔ promote

subsidiary n. � � � : AUXILIARY

subsidy n. � � � sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive

substantial adj. � � � / � � � / � � �

diaphanous ↔ substantialsubstantive ↔ trivialvaporous ↔ substantial

substantiate vt. � � � � : VERIFY: to establish by proof or competent evidencesubstantiate ↔ disapproveunsubstantiated ↔ verifiedcontrovert ↔ substantiate

subterfuge n. � � / � �: deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evadesubterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour

subtle adj. � � � � � � � / � � � : OBSCURE: difficult to understand or perceivesubtle : ignore :: salient : observesubtle : overlook :: tractable : leadpalpable ↔ subtleblatant ↔ subtle

succinct adj. � � � loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)babble ↔ express succinctlyprolixity ↔ succinctnessverbosity ↔ succinctnessvoluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent

succor vt. ( � � ,� � )� � � � � � : RELIEVE: to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or distresssuccor : relief :: caution : warningsuccor ↔ aggravate

suffuse v. � � � � � �

: to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or lighttint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<)

suite n. � � � / � � �suite : room :: ??

sulky adj. � � / � � �sulky ↔ rejoicing

sullen adj. � � / � � �sullen : levity :: ??

summary n. � � compendium : summary :: anthology : collectionsummary ↔ protraction

summit n. � � / � �

crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountainroof : room :: summit : mountainnadir ↔ summit

summary adj. � � �: done without delay or formality ; quickly executedsummarily ↔ after long deliberation

summon vt. � � � �

command : request :: summon : invite(>)summons : citation :: ?? summon ↔ dismiss

sumptuous adj. � � � �

sumptuous ↔ asceticsumptuousness ↔ sobriety

sunder v. � � � �

: to become parted, disunited, or severedcollapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)sunder ↔ connectsunder ↔ linksunder ↔ combine/yoke/bond

supercilious adj. � � � : coolly and patronizingly haughtysupercilious ↔ obsequioussupercilious ↔ humblesuperciliousness ↔ humilitysupercilious ↔ groveling

superficial adj. � � � � superficial ↔ central

superfluous adj. � � � / � � � � : EXTRA: exceeding what is sufficient or necessary ; not neededpertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluityintegral ↔ superfluoussuperfluous ↔ elementalsuperfluity ↔ scarcity

supple adj. � � � numb : sensation :: stiff : supplenessfirm : obstinate :: supple : spineless

supplement n. � � / � �

supplicate v. � � � � � � � � : to ask for earnestly and humblyprotest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>)supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatioussupplicate ↔ demand

suppress vt. � � � � : SUBDUEsuppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke

surfeit n. � � � � � : EXCESS: an overabundant supplysurfeit ↔ deficiencydeprivation ↔ surfeit

surgeon n. � � � �

scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer

surrender v. � � � �

: to yield to the power, control, or possession of another upon compulsion or demandinalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiatedappropriate ↔ surrender

surreptitious adj. � � � : CLANDESTINEsurreptitious ↔ barefaced/aboveboard

surrogate n. � � �

suspend vi. � � � / � � � �

suspend ↔ erectinvoke ↔ suspend

suspicion n. � � / � � � � : DOUBT: the act or an instance of suspecting something wrong without proof or on slight evidence: a minute amount or slight indicationenthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoiainnuendo : suspicion :: ??(=)

suture n. � � �

: the act or process of sewing with suturessuture ↔ incision

avulsion ↔ suture

svelte adj. � � � : SLENDER, LITHEsvelte ↔ plumpsvelte ↔ paunchy and awkward

swagger v. � � � � � / � � � � �

: to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner; especially : to walk with an air of overbearing self-confidenceblustering : speak :: swaggering : walkfawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swaggerimperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciatepontificate : speak :: swagger : walkimperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger

swamp n. � / � � : a difficult or troublesome situation or subject

sweltering adj. � � � / � � � �sweltering ↔ frigid

swerve v. � � � � � � � : DEVIATE: to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or courseswerve ↔ maintain direction

swill v. � � � � � : GUZZLE: to drink or eat freely, greedily, or to excessswill : sip :: gobble : nibbleswill ↔ sip

swindle v. � � � � �: to obtain money or property by fraud or deceitimplacable : compromise :: honest : swindleswindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert

swing n. � �oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter

sybarite n. � � � � � � � � � � : VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALISTspartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurioussybarite ↔ ascetic

sycophant n. � � �

: a servile self-seeking flattererlibertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequiousmiser : hoard :: dandy : preen/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opinenarcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequiousreprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawnsycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidationsycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain

syllogism n. � � � � �

: deductive reasoningremonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

symbiosis n. � �

: the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organismssymbiosis ↔ agonizig associaton

symphony n. � � � � / � � �instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : balletsonnet : poet :: symphony : composer

synergic adj. � � � : COOPERATING: working togethersynergic ↔ antagonistic

synopsis n. � � : ABSTRACTsynopsis : conciseness :: distillate : puritysynopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementarysynopsis ↔ protraction

synthesis n. � � synthesis ↔ analysis

T

taciturn adj. � � � / � � �: temperamentally disinclined to talktacit : infer :: encoded : decodetaciturn : solemnity :: token : exchangeloquacious ↔ taciturntaciturn ↔ prolixvolubility ↔ taciturnityvoluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticentwindbag ↔ taciturnityexpansive ↔ taciturn/withdrawn/limited

tackle n. � � � � �

bolster : support :: tackle : hoist

tacky adj. � � � � �

: slightly adhesive or gummy to the touchtackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel

tactile adj. � � � / � � � � � � � : TANGIBLE: perceptible by touchtactile : touch :: affective : emotiontactile : touch :: sentient : emotion

tactless adj. � � � � / � � � � � � � �

: marked by lack of tactchicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthfulgaffe : tactless :: ?? obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive :offend

tag n. � � �

tag : identify :: canopy : cover

taint n/vt. � � / � � � � /� � � � � : CORRUPTtaint : integrity :: ??tainted ↔ unspoiled/wholesomepristine ↔ tainttaint ↔ integritytaint ↔ purity

tame adj. � � � /� � � : INSIPIDtame : tractable :: ?? tame ↔ racy

tamper vi. � � � � � � � �

: to tinker with rashly or foolishlytamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate

tangent adj. ( � � ,� � )� � � � � : IRRELEVANT: diverging from an original purpose or coursetangent ↔ essential

tangy adj. � � � � � �tangy ↔ bland

tantalize v. � � � � � � � � �

: to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reachtease : tantalize :: ?? tantalize ↔ comfort/console/solace/alleviate/assuage/ease/relieve

tantamount adj. � � �: equivalent in value, significance, or effecttantamount ↔ incommensurate

tantrum n. � � �

: a fit of bad tempertantrum ↔ pacification

taper vi. � � � � � � � � �

tapestry n. � � � � � �chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy /filigree : delicacy

tardy adj. � � : LATE, SLUGGISH: moving slowly : delayed beyond the expected or proper timeguile : naif :: tardy : prompt(#)

tarnish v. � � � � � / � � � � �

silver : tarnish :: iron : rusttarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth

tarpaulin n. � � � � tarpaulin : protect :: ??

tasty adj. � � � �

: strikingly attractive or interestingtasty ↔ uninteresting

tatty adj. � � � / � � � : SHABBYtatty ↔ smart

taunt v/n. � � � ~� � � � / � �: to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting mannerflout : disregard :: taunt : challengetaunt : provoke :: plot : outwit

taut adj. � � �

: having no give or slack ; tightly drawnslacken : tautness :: dilute : strengthtaut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#)slacken ↔ tautentaut ↔ slacktauten ↔ loosen

tawdry adj. � � � � �: cheap and gaudy in appearance or qualitytawdry ↔ exquisite

taxing adj. � � � � � : ONEROUS, WEARINGtaxing ↔ light

tear v/n. � � /(� � � � � )�: a hole or flaw made by tearingtear ↔ inserttear ↔ tether

tease vt. � � � �

tease : tantalize :: ??

tedious adj. � � � /� � � : BORINGtedious : energy :: disturbing : composuretedious ↔ entertaining

teeter v. � � � � / � � � � / � � � � : WOBBLE: to move unsteadily teeter ↔ stabilize

telling adj. � � � � : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE: carrying great weight and producing a marked effecttelling ↔ not effective

temerity n. � � / � � : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESStemerity ↔ circumspectiontemerity ↔ pusillanimitytemerity ↔ cautious approach

temperate adj. � � � � / � � �

temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persistharangue ↔ speak temperately

tenable adj. � � � � � � : DEFENSIBLE, REASONABLE: capable of being held, maintained, or defendedineluctable/inevitable : avoid:: untenable : defendtenable ↔ unjustified/unsound

tenacious adj. � � � � � � / � � �

: persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitualbeneficent : harm :: tenacious : yieldtemperate : restrain :: tenacious : persisttenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry

tendentious adj. � � � � � [� � ]� � � : BIASED: marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of viewtendencious : objective :: ?? tendentious ↔ unbiasedtendentious ↔ unprejudiced

tendinous adj. � � � : SINEWYtendinous : sinewy :: ??

tepid adj. � � � � /� � � � � � : LUKEWARM: lacking in passion, force, or zesttepid ↔ fevertepid ↔ ardent

terminus n. � � : TERMINALinception : termination :: matriculation : graduation(#)terminus : stop :: epilogue : story

terror n. � � � � � � �

apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)

testator n. � � �heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator

testimony n. � � calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)

testy adj. � � � � /� � � � : IRRITABLE: easily annoyed: marked by impatience or ill humortesty : annoy :: tractable : controltesty� annoy :: tractable : teachtesty ↔ good-humoredtestiness ↔ imperturbability

tether vt. (� � � ) � � � �

: to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tethertether ↔ detachtether ↔ loosetear ↔ tether

theatrical adj/n. � � � � � / � � � � � �

: marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion: stage performances or a stage performance, especially by amateurstheatrical ↔ naturaltheatrical ↔ professional

theology n. � �

conservatory : music :: seminary : theology/observatory : astronomy

therapeutic adj. � � �therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school

thorny adj. � � � � � : full of difficulties or controversial pointsthorny ↔ smooth

threadbare adj. � � �

threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness

thrive vi. � � � � : FLOURISHlanguish ↔ thrivewizened ↔ thrivethrive ↔ fail

throng vi. � � � � � � �

protract : length :: throng : number

thwart v. � � � � : to oppose successfully ; defeat the hopes or aspirations ofoppose : thwart :: treat : cure(=)abet ↔ thwart/impedethwart ↔ support/aid

ticklish adj. � � � � � : requiring delicate handlingpliant : influence :: ticklish : offendticklish ↔ imperturbable

tidy adj. � � �sloven ↔ tidy

tiff n. � � � � � � : SPAT: a petty quarreltiff : squabble :: foible : failing

tightfisted adj. � � �

: reluctant to part with moneytightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=)

timeworn adj. � � � : HACKNEYED, STALEthreadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directnessthreadbare/timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicitytimeworn ↔ novel

timid adj. � � � / � � � �

self-confident : timid :: open : shy(#)

timorous adj. � � � / � � � : FEARFULscrappy ↔ timoroustimorous ↔ intrepid

tinge vt. � � � � � � � : TINTtinged ↔ colorless

tinker v. � � � � � � � : FIDDLE: to repair, adjust, or work with something in an unskilled or experimental mannertinker : adjust :: scribble : write

tint n. � � � � tint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<)

tirade n. � �: a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative, or harshly censorious languageanger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

toady n. � � � : SYCOPHANT: one who flatters in the hope of gaining favorstoady : flatter :: ??

token adj/n. � � � / � �token : exchange :: clamp : compressiontaciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange

tolerance n. � � / � �

: the act of allowing something: capacity to endure pain or hardshipbigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancyinured : tolerance :: addicted : dependencyposturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerantbigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan

tong n/v. � � / � � � � �

: to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs.tong : seize :: ??

tonic n. � � � : REFRESHING: one that invigorates, restores, refreshes, or stimulatesconducive : foment :: tonic : invigoratetonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deadentonic ↔ enfeeblingtonic ↔ draining

tonsorial adj. � � �tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel

topsy-turvy adj. � � � � � � / � � �: totally disorderedtopsy-turvy ↔ tranquil

torpid adj. � � /� � � � �

torpid ↔ responsive

torpor n. � � � / � � �

: a state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or total insensibility : extreme sluggishness or stagnation of functiontorpor : iciness :: ?? torpor ↔ zealtorpor ↔ animationtorpor ↔ alert

torrid adj. � � � : ARDENTtorrid ↔ arctic

tortuous adj. � � � � � � /� � � � : TRICKY, CIRCUITOUS: marked by devious or indirect tacticstortuous ↔ direct/straightforward

tourniquet n. � � � �

: a device (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to check bleeding or blood flowtourniquet : beeding :: brake : motion

tractable adj. � � � � � /� � � � � � : DOCILE: capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled: easily handled, managed, or wroughtcomplaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit(#)subtle : overlook :: tractable : leadtesty : annoy :: tractable : controltame : tractable :: ?? balky ↔ tractablepertinacious ↔ tractabletractability ↔ incorrigibilitytractable ↔ incorrigibletractable ↔ insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinatepliant ↔ intransigence/intractable

train v. � � � � � : DIRECT: to aim at an object or objective trained ↔ ?

trait n. � � : PECULIARITY

transcend vt. � � � � : OVERCOMEossify ↔ transcend conventions

transfigure vt. � � � � � �: to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual appearance totransfer : location :: transfigure : aspecttransfigure : appearance :: transfer : location

transgress vt. � � � : VIOLATErectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtusetransgression : morality :: presumption : propriety

transient adj. � � � / � � � : TRANSITORYopportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience(=)convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience(#)transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuatetransience ↔ permanencetransient ↔ lastingtransient ↔ protracted

transitory adj. � � � � transitory : endure :: immutable : changetransitory ↔ enduringtransient ↔ protracted

translucent adj. � � � � : CLEAR, TRANSPARENTslack : tension :: opaque : translucencetranslucent ↔ opaquetransparent adj. � � � /� � � �

: fine or sheer enough to be seen through: readily understoodconspicuous : see :: transparent : understandmanifest/lucid : perceive :: transparent : understandopacity ↔ transparencytransparent ↔ deceitfultransparent ↔ delusive

traverse vt. � � � � �

diverge : apart :: traverse : across

travesty v. � � � � � � �

: to make a travesty of ; parody or ridiculetravesty ↔ paragon

treacherous adj � � � � � : PERFIDIOUS: likely to betray trusttreacherousness ↔ faithfulness

treaty n. � � rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis

tremendous adj. � � � / � � �

tremulous adj. � � � � � � / � � � � � �

trenchant adj. � � � / � � �

trenchant ↔ vague/dulltrenchant : insipid :: ??

trendsetter n. � � � � � � � � � � �

trepidation n. � � / � � : APPREHENSIONaudacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspirationdauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment

trespass vi. � � � � � � /� � � �

trespass ↔ undotrespass ↔ obey

tribute n. � � : ENCOMIUM: a gift or service showing respect, gratitude, or affectiontribute ↔ reprobation

trickle n. � � � � �

: a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movementblast : whiff :: gush : trickle

trite adj. � � �

trite ↔ unbanal/unhackneyedtrite ↔ freshtrite ↔ original

triumph n. � �

trivial adj. � � � substantive ↔ trivialtrivial ↔ massive

trophy n. � � �trophy : contestant :: honors : student

truant n. � � � � � �: one who shirks duty or work

truant : dutiful :: ??

truculent adj. � � � / � � � � : CRUEL, SAVAGEtruculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorsetruculent ↔ gentletruculent ↔ pacific

trudge vt. � � � � � �

lug : carry :: trudge : walk

truism n. � � � � �

: an undoubted or self-evident truth; especially : one too obvious for mentiontruism ↔ unusual observation

truncate v. � � � / � � �

: to shorten by or as if by cutting offtruncate : extent :: simplify : complexityprolong ↔ truncate

tubby adj. � � � � � � � / � � �: sounding dull and without proper resonance or freedom of sound

tumbler n. � � � : ACROBAT

tumult n. � � : COMMOTIONtumultuous : bedlam :: active : hivecalm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous(#)tumult ↔ quietude/quiescencetumult ↔ tranquility

turbid adj. � � � : FOUL, MUDDY

turbulent adj. � � � � / � � �

maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

turgid adj. � � � : BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS: excessively embellished in style or languageturgid ↔ simple

turmoil n. � � turmoil ↔ tranquility

turncoat n. � � � : TRAITOR : one who switches to an opposing side or partybigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancyturncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacityturncoat : consistency :: recluse : compassion

tutor n. � � � �

typo n. � � �typo : text :: ??

U

ugly adj. � � : HIDEOUSpulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousness

unavailing adj. � � � � : FUTILE/USELESS

unassuming adj. � � � � � � : MODEST, RETIRING: not assuming : not arrogant or presuming unassuming ↔ overbearing

unconventional adj. � � [ � � ]� � � � � � � hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional

uncouth adj. � � �: awkward and uncultivated in appearance, manner, or behavioruncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniverseemly ↔ uncouth

unctuous adj. � � � � � / � � �

: containing or composed of oil or fat: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spiritualityplacebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuoussanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest

underdog n. � �

: a victim of injustice or persecutionunderdog ↔ bully

undermine v. � � � � � / � � � � �

: to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretlyundermine ↔ undergirdaggrandize ↔ undermine

underscore n/v. � � (� � )underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownershipunderscore ↔ de-emphasize

unexceptionable adj. � � � � � � : UNIMPEACHABLE: not open to objection or criticism ; beyond reproachunexceptionable : oppose :: unique : precedent

unexceptional adj. � � � : COMMONPLACE: not out of the ordinary

unflappable adj. � � � : marked by assurance and self-controlunflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuadeunflappable ↔ disturbed

ungainly adj. � � � � / � � � � : CLUMSY: lacking in smoothness or dexterity: having an awkward appearanceloquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainlyadroit ↔ ungainlyungainly ↔ dexterouslissome ↔ ungainly

unimpeachable adj. � � � � � � � �

unkempt adj. � � � � � : deficient in order or neatnessunkempt ↔ dapper

unlettered adj. � � �

erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered

unpalatable adj. � � � / � � � : DISTASTEFUL

unpretentious adj. � � � � � � : MODESTbombastic ↔ unpretentious

unrepentant adj. � � � � � �

: having or exhibiting no remorseunrepentant ↔ remorseful/attritional/compunctious

unrequited adj. � � � � : not reciprocated or returned in kindremunerative ↔ unrequited

unruly adj. � � � � �

: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managedsubdued ↔ unrulyunruly : authority :: refractory : change

untenable adj. � � � � � �

: not able to be defendeduntenable : defense :: invulnerable : injuryincontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended /intrepid : fearedinalienable : surrendered :: untenable : depended

untold adj. � � � � : INCALCULABLE, VASTcountless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number:: everlasting/interminable : durationuntold ↔ able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable

untoward adj. � � � / � � � � / � � � : ADVERSE, UNPROPITIOUS: difficult to guide, manage, or work with: marked by trouble or unhappiness: not favorableuntoward ↔ favorable and anticipateduntoward ↔ fortunatetoward ↔ obdurate

untutored adj. � � � : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED: having no formal learning or traininguntutored ↔ polished

unwonted adj. � � : being out of the ordinaryhabit ↔ unwonted behaviorunwonted ↔ usual

upbraid vt. � � � � � � � �

: to reproach severely ; scold vehementlyupbraid ↔ laud/extol

uphold vt. � � � �

abrogate ↔ embrace/institute/uphold

uproar n. � �

upset v. � � � � � � unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade

urbane adj. � � � : POLISHEDurbane ↔ rude/rustic

urge vi. � � � �

: to present, advocate, or demand earnestly or pressinglydidactic : teach :: hortatory : urge /risible : ridicule

usurp vt. � � � � / � � � � � � � �

: to seize and hold (as office, place, or powers) in possession by force or without rightusurp : take :: overwhelm : defeatimpostor : identity :: usurper : authorization impostor : imitation :: usurper : authentication

V

vacate v. (� ,� ) � � � �

vacate ↔ occupy

vaccinate v. � � � � � �

overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immunesoporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity

vacillate adj. � � � � / � � � �

: FLUCTUATE, OSCILLATE: to waver in mind, will, or feeling ; hesitate in choice of opinions or coursesimpetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious : humblenessvacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant(#)vancilate : persistent :: react : inert

vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contriteadamant ↔ vacillatoryimpetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillationpertinacity ↔ vacillationequipoise ↔ vacillatevacillation ↔ desiciveness

vacuous adj. � � � / � � � : STUPID, INANEvacuous ↔ intelligent/omniscient

vagary n. � � � � / � �: an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notionvagary : predict :: impossibility : executevagary : predict :: acme : surpassunplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary

vagrant n/adj. � � � / � � � � : RANDOM: having no fixed course vagrant ↔ fixed

vague adj. � � � � � / � � � : not clearly defined, grasped, or understoodtrenchant ↔ vaguevague ↔ well defined

valediction n. � � �valediction ↔ greeting

valiant adj. � � � � : COURAGEOUS: possessing or acting with bravery or boldnessvaliance ↔ pusillanimous

valid adj. � � �

specious ↔ valid

vanquish vt. � � � �

: to defeat in a conflict or contestdominate : vanquished :: ??

vapid adj. � � � � : FLAT, DULL: lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or forcebracing ↔ vapidvapid ↔ zealous

vaporize v. � � � � �

scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporizationgasification ↔ solidificationvaporization ↔ solidificationvaporous ↔ substantial

variance n. � � � / � � � : DIFFERENCE, VARIATIONimmutable ↔ variablevariance ↔ congruity

varnish v/n. � � � � � /� �

glaze : porcelain :: varnish : woodvarnish : glossy :: sand : smoothvarnish : wood :: wax : linoleum

vault n. � � � �

larder : provisions :: vault : valuables

vaunt v. � � � � / � � � : BRAG: to call attention to pridefully and often boastfullyvaunt ↔ humblevaunt ↔ seilf-deprecatevaunt ↔ downplayvaunting ↔ meek

veer v. � � � � � �: to turn aside from a course, direction, or purposeveer : direction :: convert : beliefveer ↔ maintain constant

vehement adj. � � � / � � � � : POWERFUL

: intensely emotional: marked by forceful energyvehement ↔ politicvehement ↔ languid

venom n. �placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxious

venal adj. � � � � � � / � � � � : PURCHASABLE: open to corrupt influence and especially briberydisinterested : partisanship :: venal : probityvenal ↔ unsusceptible of bribery

vendor n. � � �vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate

veneer n. � � � (� � )/� � � � �

foil : metal :: veneer : woodveneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall

venerate vt. � � /� � � � perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : venerationvenerable : reverence :: despicable : scornveneration ↔ derisionvenerate ↔ dishonorvenerate ↔ contemptvenerate ↔ disdain/distain

vengeful adj. � � � � : REVENGEFUL demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive

venial adj. � � � � � / � � �

: meriting no particular censure or noticevenial : excuse :: pellucid : understand

ventilate vt. � � � � �

veracious adj. � � � / � � � : TRUTHFUL, HONESTveracious ↔ mendacious

verbatim adj. � � � � � : WORD-FOR-WORD: using exactly the same words; corresponding word for wordparaphrase : verbatim :: approximate : preciseargot ↔ standard language/common verbalism

verbose adj. � � � : WORDYlaconism ↔ verbosityverbosity ↔ succinctness

verdant adj. � � � � � � � /� � �

: green with growing plants: unripe in experience or judgmentverdant ↔ sterile

verdict n. � �

verify vt. � � � � / � � � �

: to confirm or substantiate in law by oathverifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible(#)refutation ↔ verificationunsubstantiated ↔ verified

vermin n. � � � � �

vernacular adj. � � � / � � �: the everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary languagevernacular : place :: jargon : profession

versatile adj. � � � � � / � � � � �

: having many uses or applicationsversatile ↔ having limited application

vertigo n. � � � � vertigo : nauseate :: ??

vessel n. � � aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas/vessel : blood

vestigial adj. � � � / � � �

vestigial ↔ fully developed

veteran n. � � �

veto n. � � � : INTERDICTION: an authoritative prohibitionveto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto ↔ consent

vex vt. � � � � �

: to bring trouble, distress, or agitation toconciliate ↔ vexvex ↔ pacify/appease/soothevex ↔ conciliationvex ↔ mollify

viable adj. � � � � �

: capable of livingelastic : expand :: viable : liveviability ↔ inability to live

vibrant adj. � � �

flagging ↔ vibrantponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/brisk

vicarious adj. � � � : SUBSTITUTIONARY

vicious adj. � � � � � : DEPRAVEDbenign ↔ vicious

vicissitude n. � � /� �

: the quality or state of being changeablevicissitudinous ↔ unchanging

victimize vt. � � � � : SWINDLE: to subject to deception or fraudvictimize ↔ treat fairly

vigilant adj. � � � � / � � � �

: alertly watchful especially to avoid dangervigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfiedvigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulledvigilant : waylaid :: wary : dupedwatchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulledvigilant ↔ obliviousvigilant ↔ unalertvigilant ↔ negligible/supine

vignette n. � � � � �

vignette : scene :: skit : drama

vigor n. � � decrepit ↔ vigorous

vile adj. � � � / � � �

vilify v. � � �vilification ↔ approbationvilification ↔ beautification

vim n. � � lassitude ↔ vim/animation

vindicate v. (� � ,� � � )� � : to free from allegation or blamecalumniate ↔ vindicateimpugn ↔ vindicate

vindictive adj. � � � � : VENGEFUL: disposed to seek revenge

mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge

violate vt. � � � � : RAPE

virility n. � � � �

virtuoso n. � � : a person who has great skill at some endeavorvirtuoso : skill :: potentate : powervirtuoso : mediocre :: ??virtuosity ↔ mediocrityvirtuosity ↔ beginner

virtuous adj. � � � / � � �doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtuebase ↔ virtuousnefarious ↔ above reproach/virtuous

virulent adj. � � � � / � � � �

virulent ↔ salubrious

viscous adj. � � � : VISCIDglutinous ↔ non viscous

visionary adj. � � �

visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

vista n. � � : PROSPECTplacebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista

vitality n. � � � attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitalitydehydrate : water :: wither : vitalityenervation : vitality :: debase : valuearrest ↔ vitalizevitality ↔ enervation

vitiate v. � � � � � / � � � � � : IMPAIR: to debase in moral or aesthetic statusvitiate ↔ fortify/strengthen

vitrify vi. � � � � � � �: to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusiontarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth

vituperative adj. � � � � / � � � vituperative ↔ admirable/complimentaryvituperate ↔ admire

vivacious adj. � � � � /� � � : SPRIGHTLYvivid : intensify :: ??phlegmatic ↔ vivaciousvivacious ↔ languidvivid ↔ weary

vociferous adj. � � � �: marked by or given to vehement insistent outcryvociferous ↔ reticent/monotone/serene/stillvociferous : monotone :: ??

vogue n. � � : POPULARITY

volatile adj. � � � � / � � � �: characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected changecraven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#)volatile : temper :: ready : witvolatile ↔ constant

volition n. � � / � � � : WILL: the power of choosing or determiningvolition ↔ inability to choose

voluble adj. � � � : GLIB, FLUENTvoluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness

maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)volubility ↔ taciturnitylaconic ↔ volublevoluble ↔ taciturn/succinct/reticent

voluminous adj. � � � � /� � �: having or marked by great volume or bulkvoluminous ↔ scanty/scarce

voluptuous adj. � � � � �

: given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or sensual gratificationsvoluptuary ↔ asceticspartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxuriousvoluptuous ↔ self contained/self denying

vomit n. � � �

vomit : disgorge :: ??

voracious adj. � � � � � � : INSATIABLE: excessively eager: having a huge appetiteimpassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfyvoracity ↔ lack of appetite

votary n. � � �

: a staunch believer or advocatevotary ↔ skeptic

vouch vi. � � � �

vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee

vulgar adj. � � � / � � � � : COARSEgenteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)

W

waffle vi. � � � � � � � � � � : BLATHER: to speak or write evasivelywaffle ↔ speak unequivocallywaffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)

wag n. � � � : WIT, JOKERludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine/humorous : wagwag : humorous :: dolt : stupid

wan adj. � � � / � � �

wan ↔ hale

wane v. � � � � / � � � �

burgeoning ↔ waning resurgence ↔ waning vitally

want n. � � repletion ↔ want

wanton adj. � � � � : MISCHIEVOUS

wardrobe n. � � : CLOTHESPRESSlarder : food :: wardrobe : clothes

warmonger n. � � � � � : JINGO: one who urges or attempts to stir up wardove ↔ warmonger/jingoist

warrant vt. � � � � � � gratuitous ↔ warranted/merited

wary adj. � � � � � �

: marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful prudence especially in detecting and escaping dangervigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied

/wary : gulled

wastrel n. � � � : PROFLIGATE: one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-indulgentlyinexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel

waterproof adj. � � �

waterproof ↔ permeable

watershed n. � � � : TURNING POINT: a crucial dividing point, line, or factorwatershed ↔ routine

wax vt/n. ( � � ,� � ) � � � � / � � / � � �

: to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensityvarnish : wood :: wax : linoleumwax ↔ decreasewax ↔ waste awayflag ↔ waxwane ↔ wax

wheedle vt. � � � � � � � � � � � : to obtain through the use of flattery or guilewheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion

whet vt. � � � � � �blunt ↔ whet

whiff n. � � � �

blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>)

whimsical adj. � � � � � caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive/discontent : unsatisfiedmercurial : mood :: whimsical : behaviorwhimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration

wholesome adj. � � � / � � � � �

: promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit decadence ↔ wholesomenesstainted ↔ unspoiled/wholesomewholesome ↔ deleteriousinsalubrious ↔ wholesomemorbid ↔ wholesomenoxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous

wick n. � � � �

wicked adj. � � � : EVILnefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality(=)

welter vi. � � � � � � �: to be in turmoil

wily adj. � � � : CRAFTY

wince v. � � [� � ] � � : FLINCH: to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain)wince : pain :: smile : pleasure/pout : displeasure /sneer : contempt

windbag n. � � � �

windbag ↔ taciturnity

windy adj. � � � � / � � �

windy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#)

winnow v. � � � �

: to remove (as chaff) by a current of airwinnow : chaff :: filter : impuritieswinnow : grain :: purify : water

winsome adj. � � � � : generally pleasing and engaging often because of a

childlike charm and innocenceunprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome

wit n. � � / � � � � � : INGENUITYvolatile : temper :: ready : witwit ↔ dullard

witch n. � � : SORCERESSretainer : retinue :: witch : covenretinue : attendant :: coven : witch /staff : officer

withdraw vi. � � � � /� � � �

: to become socially or emotionally detachedroisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdrawpress ↔ withdrawal

wither vt. � � � /� � � �: to lose vitality, force, or freshnessdehydrate : water :: wither : vitalityburgeon ↔ witherwither ↔ revive

withhold vt. � � � � / � � � �

: to refrain from granting, giving, or allowingwithhold ↔ grant

wizen adj. � � wizened ↔ thriving/blooming

wobble vi. � � � � /� � � � �

wobble ↔ stabilize

woo v. � � � � : COURT: to sue for the affection of and usually marriage withadulate : fawn :: woo : adore

wordsmith n. � � �

raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing

worldly adj. � � � � / � � � : MUNDANE: of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairsworldly ↔ singularworldly ↔ naïve/spiritual

worship n. � �

worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury

wrangler n. � � � � : COWBOYlariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd

writ n. � � /� � � �

wry adj. ( � � � )� � � � / � � �: cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous: having a bent or twisted shape or conditionfluent : glib :: humorous : wrywry ↔ even/straight/true/direct/undeviating

Y

yacht n. � �

yardstick n. � � �

yaw v. � � � � � � � � / � � � �

yield vi. � � � � / � � � � / � � �

beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#)tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry(#)evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield(=)default : pay :: yield : resist(#)

obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yieldadamant : yield :: cautious : gambleacquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categoricalmeek ↔ unyieldingdogged ↔ yieldedoutmaneuver ↔ yield

yoke vt. � � � � � / � � � � sunder ↔ combine/yoke/bond

Z

zeal n. � � : FERVOR: eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of somethingdevoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<)fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthriftmiser : munificent :: zealot : blasézealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest(>)fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent(>)torpor ↔ zealzealotry ↔ lack of fervorvapid ↔ zealous

zest n. � � : RELISH, GUSTO

zigzag n. � � � � �zigzag : turns :: montage : images

zone vi. � � � �

land : zoning :: ??