4_ barriers and effective listening
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Barriers and Effective ListeningTRANSCRIPT
Barriers To Communication
Javaria SiddiqueWinter 2015
Information is Socially Constructed
• Information is always created, shared and interpreted by people
• Contexts influence meaning
• The messenger and receiver always accompany a message
The effective soft skills/ people skills/ social skills/ life skills/ interpersonal skills
• To ensure that the meaning intended by the speaker/writer does not change when the listener/speaker interprets it
• Outcome: To establish a mutual understanding between the people involved
The Noise (Barriers)
• Semantic Barriers• Emotional/ Psychological Barriers• Physical Barriers• Wrong Channel/Medium• Organizational Barriers • Personal Barriers • Poor Listening Skills • Lack of Feedback
Semantic Barriers
• Muddled messages I will see you tomorrow at 7:30 am I will see you tomorrow around 7:30am
• Language (Specialist’s language)
• Symbols (words, pictures, with different meanings 1. What is the value of computer education these days?2. What is the value of this mobile phone?3. I value our friendship
Emotional/ Psychological Barriers
• Bias and Stereotyping (typifying/ over simplifying person/events/message based on preconceptions)
e.g. Asians are good at math.The elderly have health issues and behave like children.
• Premature Evaluation
• Distrust
Personal Barriers (Organization)
As a Superior: • Fear of challenge to one’s authority• Lack of time• Lack of knowledge
As a Subordinate:• Lack of incentive• Unwillingness/ hesitancy to communicate • Fear of authority
Physical Barriers
• Interruptions and distractions due to the environment
Organization Barriers
• Policies and Regulations
• Status relation
Lack of Feedback
• Asking for repetition• Non verbal gestures
(Agreement/disagreement)• Paraphrasing • Counter Argument
Poor Listening Skills
Hearing vs. Listening
• physical vs. a mental process
• receiving sound vs. perceiving it.
• active vs. passive process.
A person can hear something without listening to it; listening involves comprehending and retaining the message
Types of Listening
• Passive Listening• Selective Listening• Active Listening
Active Listening Skills
LISTENING STRATEGIES
Knowledge of the Content
Critical
Thinking
Displaying Emotional Intelligence (Primary Empathy + Advanced Empathy)
ACTIVE
The HURIER Model
Hearing(paying careful
attention to whatis being said)
Understanding(comprehending
the messagesbeing sent)
Remembering(being able to
recall the messagebeing sent)
Effective Listening
Responding(replying to thesender, lettinghim /her knowyou are paying
attention)
Evaluating(not immediatelypassing judgment
on the messagebeing sent)
Interpreting(not reading anythinginto the message the
sender is communicating)
Non Verbal Signs of Listening
Smile/ Nod (Gestures)Eye ContactPostureMirroring
Verbal Signs of Listening
Positive Reinforcement RememberingQuestioning/ Reflection/ ClarificationSummarization
Guidelines for Effective Listening• Listen Cautiously• Keep an open mind • Concentrate on the message• Determine the purpose of the message• Paraphrase/ Summarize• Minimize note- taking• Create images • Do not talk or interrupt• Analyze the total message• Provide feedback
Purpose
• Listening with your ears to auditory communication.
• Watch with your eyes for visual communication.
• Sense with your intuition the real meaning of the communication. Is their a difference with what they say and mean?
The Keys to Effective ListeningKeys to Effective
ListeningThe Bad Listener The Good Listener
1. Capitalize on thought speed
Tends to daydream Stays with the speaker, mentally summarizes the speaker, weighs evidence, and listens between the lines
2. Listen for ideas Listens for facts Listens for central or overall ideas
3. Find an area of interest
Tunes out dry speakers or subjects
Listens for any useful information
4. Judge content, not delivery
Tunes out dry monotone speakers
Assesses content by listening to entire message before making judgments
5. Hold your fire Gets too emotional or worked up by something said by the speaker and enters into an argument
Withholds judgment until comprehension is complete
The Keys to Effective Listening (cont)Keys to Effective
ListeningThe Bad Listener The Good Listener
6. Work at listening Does not expend energy on listening
Gives the speaker full attention
7. Resist Distractions
Is easily distracted Fights distractions and concentrates on the speaker
8. Hear what is said
Shuts our or denies unfavorable information
Listens to both favorable and unfavorable information
9. Challenge yourself
Resists listening to presentations of difficult subject manner
Treats complex presentations as exercises for the mind
10. Use handouts, overheads, or other visual aids
Does not take notes or pay attention to visual aids
Takes notes as required and uses visual aids to enhance understanding of the presentation