4 community capacity and rural development

Community Design and Planning and Evaluation

Koichi MIYOSHI: Professor (Dr.), Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies,Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University [email protected] OKABE: Bureau Chief,Institute for Community Design

12015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.

mailto:[email protected]

Community Capacity Developmentand Policy Structure Model

Outcomes of Community(Change of

Society)

Functions

Strategic Components

Decentralization

Historical Condition and Context

Intermediate Outcomes(Change of

Target Group)

Outputs Activities Inputs

Community

ImplementationOutcomes

Characteristics of Community Capacity

2015/04 2K. Miyoshi & Y. Okabe

Community Policy Structure

Community Capacity

Community Capacity Developmentand Policy Structure Model

Decentralization

Historical Condition and Context

2015/04 3Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.

Outcomes of Community(Change of

Society)

FunctionsEvaluationPlanning Implementation

Strategic ComponentsHuman Resources: ChampionsLeadership: Community LeadersOrganizations for Collective activitiesNetwork: Relational Capital

Intermediate Outcomes(Change of

Target Groups)

Outputs Inputs

CommunityImplementation

Outcomes

Characteristics of Community CapacitySense of CommunityCommitmentsAbility to Set and Achieve ObjectivesAbility to Recognize and Access to Resources

Community Capacity

EconomicFormal/InformalCollective/Individual

SocialFormal/InformalCollective/Individual

EnvironmentalFormal/InformalCollective/Individual

Political

Formal/InformalCollective/Individual

Activities


Higher Value Added and

Better Well-being Policy Structure

(Collective Activities)

+

Community Capacity


Transition of the Community


Oyama-Machi Stakeholders

6

Inside of Oyama Machi

Oyama Yusen

Broadcast

Oyama Agricultural Cooperativ

e

Committee for Dam

Construction

Oyama Town

Outside of Oyama Machi

Public Market


6

Traditional Farmers



7


Oyama Yusen

Broadcast


e

Committee for Dam

Construction

Young Farmers Study Group

Plum Producers

Oyama Town

Community Center

Softball Teams

Oita Prefecture

Ministry of Agriculture

IsraelMekid


Public Market




8


Oyama Yusen

Broadcast


e

Committee for Dam

Construction

Enoki Mushroo

m Producers

Vegetable Producers

Producer Groups


Plum Producers

Oyama Town

Various Study

Groups

Community Center

Softball Teams

Oita Prefecture


IsraelMekid


Public Market




9


Oyama Yusen

Broadcast

Oyama Agricultur

al Cooperativ

e

Committee for Dam

Construction

Ume-boshi Contest

Enoki Mushroo

m Producers

Vegetable Producers

Producer Groups


Plum Producers

Ogirihata Green Tourism

Study Group

Oyama Town

Konohana Garten

Oyama Cable TV

Co. Ltd.Oyama Yume

Kobo

Hibiki-no-sato

Various Study

Groups

Community Center

Softball Teams

Organic Restaurants

Roadside Station

Mizube-no-Sato

Oita Prefecture


IsraelMekid


Fukuoka CityOyama Life Counsel in

Fukuoka

Antenna Shops

Public Market

Customers of Konohana

GartenCustomers: Consumers

Oyama Dream ClubAntenna Shop




10


Oyama Yusen

Broadcast


e

Committee for Dam

Construction

Ume-boshi Contest

Enoki Mushroo

m Producers

Vegetable Producers

Producer Groups


Plum Producers

Ogirihata Green Tourism

Study Group

Hita-CityOyama Town

Konohana Garten

Hita City Cable TV

Co. Ltd.Oyama Yume

Kobo

Hibiki-no-sato

Various Study

Groups

Community Center

Softball Teams

Organic Restaurants

Roadside Station

Mizube-no-Sato

Oita Prefecture


IsraelMekid


Fukuoka CityOyama Life Counsel in

Fukuoka

Antenna Shops

Public Market

Customers of Konohana

GartenCustomers: Consumers

Oyama Dream ClubAntenna Shop


10

Hita City

Out-side members


Policy Structure


Community Policy Structure Model

12

Outcomes of CommunityChange of Society)

Intermediate OutcomesChange of

target group

Implementation

Outcomes

EconomicFormal,Market/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution

SocialFormal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution

Environmental Formal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution

PoliticalFormal/InformalCommunal/CollectiveIndividual/Institution

Activities

Outputs Inputs



Community, group and individual activities : Collective Activities

Includes production processes, development initiatives, activities, projects, events etc

May be economic, social, political Both informal and formal in nature


Outcome and Output

14

Result : Ends

Indirect ControlOutcome

OutputImplementation ： Means

Direct Control


Policy Structure (Program Theory)

15

End OutcomeIntermediate

Outcome Outputs

Activities Input

Outcomes Implementation



16

Intermediate Outcome Change of

Target Group A


Target Group C


Target Group B

Output A-2

Output B

Output C

Output A-1

End Outcome Change of Society



17


Target Group A


Target Group C


Target Group B

Output A-2

Output B

Output C

Output A-1

End Outcome Change of Society

Intervention from Outside Organization 2015/04 Miyoshi, K. & Okabe, Y.

Policy Structure/Objectives Tree

PolicyEnd OutcomeOverall Goal

ProgramIntermediate Outcome

Project Purpose

ProgramIntermediate Outcome

Project Purpose

ProjectOutputs

ProjectOutputs

ProjectOutputs

ProjectOutputs

ProjectOutputs

ProjectOutputs

18

Breakdown of policy

Higher level of results


Policy Structure (Program Theory Matrix: PTM)

19

Policy(End Outcome)

Program(Intermediate Outcome)

Project

(Output) (Activity) (Input)

PolicyChange of Society-Indictors

Program A Change of Target group (A)-Indicators

Project A-1 Products and Services of ProjectIndicators

A-1 A-1

A-2 A-2 A-1

Program BChange of Target Group (B)-Indicators

B-1 B-1 B-1

B-2 B-2 B-2


Change of PS and CC

20

PolicyEnd Outcome

Program

IntermediateOutcome

ProjectOutput

lActivities

lInput

PolicyEnd Outcome

Program

IntermediateOutcome

ProjectOutput

lActivities

lInput

PolicyEnd Outcome

Program

IntermediateOutcome

ProjectOutput

lActivities

lInput

IVII

PolicyEnd Outcome

Program

IntermediateOutcome

ProjectOutput

lActivities

lInput

PolicyEnd Outcome

Program

IntermediateOutcome

ProjectOutput

lActivities

lInput

I VIII

Low level of Community Capacity High Level of Community Capacity

Towards Higher Value Added and Better Well-being Policy Structure


Elements of Community Capacity


Community Capacity Development Model

22

Outcome of Community

(Change of Society)

Community Capacity

FunctionPlanning ImplementationEvaluation

Strategic ComponentHuman　 ResourcesLeadershipOrganizationNetwork

Decentralization

Historical condition and context


Sense of CommunityCommitmentsAbility to Ｓ et and Ａ chieve objectivesAbility to Recognize and Ａ ccess to Ｒesources


Community Capacity

The ability of a community to produce outcomes in society which organizations and individuals produce as the result of their collective activities by utilizing available resources to them (human resources, physical, social and organizational resources)


Community Capacity

Collective Activities ＋ Individual Activities

24

Supporting System /Supporting Facilities



Sense of community Commitment Ability to set and achieve objectives Ability to recognize and access to

resources


Sense of Community

Reflect a degree of connectedness among members and recognition of mutuality of circumstances.

Common Values Common Norms Common Visions Common Identities


Commitment

The responsibility that particular individuals, groups, or organizations take for what happens in the community.

The recognition of themselves as stakeholders in the collective well-being of the community.

The willingness to participate actively as stakeholders.


Ability to Set and Achieve Objectives

The ability to translate commitment into action.

Existence of objectives setting and achieving mechanisms in the context of the changing environment.


Ability to Recognize and Access to Resources

Resources: human, economic, physical, political, organizational.

Within and beyond the community. Linkages inside and outside the

community.


Strategic Elements of the Community


Strategic Components of Community Capacity

Human resources Leadership Organizations Networks in or related to the community


33

Values

Norms

Rules

Existing Values

Existing Norms

Existing Rules

New Values

New Norms

New Rules

Leader

Role of Leader for Community Change

ReformulationIntroduction

Community Capacity


Networks and Their Interaction

34

Formal NetworkWithin Community

Formal NetworksBeyond Community

Informal NetworksWithin Community

Informal NetworksBeyond Community

Valued, Norms, Rules of Community


Strategic Components of Community Capacity

Human resources

Who is the best in -----? Leadership

Individual Leadership → 　 Community Leadership

Organizations

Support Collective Activities Networks in or related to the community

　 Know Who > Know How


Community Functions


Function of Community Capacity

Planning Implementation Evaluation

Ability to plan, implement and evaluate a community policy structure by focusing community’s collective activities to achieve the expected change of the community .


Group Discussion on Community Capacity


Group Discussion Choose one or two items from each category for group discussion

Strategic Components of Community Capacity Leadership Organizations Networks in or related to the community Human resource

Characteristics of Community Capacity Sense of community Commitment Ability to set and achieve objectives Ability to recognize and access to resources


Role of Leader for Community Change(Group Discussion)

Question 1: What kind of leadership do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?

Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting?

Question 3: How do you utilize such leadership for rural development?


Organizations in Community (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of organization do you

think is interesting for rural development in your target area?


Question 3: How do you utilize such organization for rural development?


Networks and Their Interaction (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of network do you

think is interesting for rural development in your target area?


Question 3: How do you utilize such network for rural development?


Human Resources (Group Discussion)

Question 1: What kind of human resource do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?


Question 3: How do you utilize such human resouce for rural development?


Sense of Community (Group Discussion)

Question 1: What kind of sense of community do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?


Question 3: How do you utilize such sense of community for rural development?


Commitment (Group Discussion)

Question 1: What kind of commitment do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?


Question 3: How do you utilize such commitment for rural development?


Ability to Set and Achieve Objectives (Group Discussion) Question 1: What kind of ability to set and

achieve objectives do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?

Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting? Question 3: How do you utilize such ability to set

and achieve objectives for rural development?


Ability to Recognize and Access to Resources (Group Discussion)

Question 1: What kind of ability to recognize and access to resources do you think is interesting for rural development in your target area?

Question 2: Why do you think it is interesting? Question 3: How do you utilize such ability to

recognize and access to resources for rural development?


THANK YOU


4 community capacity and rural development

Government & Nonprofit

oyamamachi stakeholders

community design

community capacity development

oyama yume kobo hibiki

yumiko okabe

evaluation koichi miyoshi

context intermediate

traditional farmers