4 (four) clusters of principles
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
1/14
4 (Four) clusters of principles:
1. Respectfor autonomy
respecting the decision makingcapacities
2. Nonmaleficence
avoiding the causation of harm
3. Beneficence
providing & balancing benefits
against risks & costs
4. Justice
distributing benefits, risks, & costsfairly
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
2/14
1. Autonomy
self-rule (Greek)right ofindividuals to make choices
See that people are different
Personal choices
Respecting people as equal personswith their own set of values
a duty to let people make their ownchoices
corresponding responsibilities ofindividuals towards society
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
3/14
Autonomous action
We analyze autonomous action in terms of
persons who act
Intentionally
With understanding
Without controlling influences that determine
their action
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
4/14
To respect an autonomous agent
is to acknowledge that persons right to hold views, to
make choices, and to take actions based on personal
values and beliefs. Such respect involves respectful
action, NOT merely a respectful attitude. Respect
involves treating persons to enable them to act
autonomously, whereas disrespect for autonomy involves
attitudes and actions that ignore, insult, or demean othersautonomy and thus deny a minimal equity to persons.
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
5/14
Simple
meanings
Self governance
Liberty right Privacy
Individual choice
Freedom of the will
If you visit a doctor do you make treatment decisions on your own or
in discussion with other family member, and the doctor
What factors could we use to make such decisions in ourdaily lives ?
When we make decisions for ourselves do we also have
responsibility for what happens ?
-
8/2/2019 4 (Four) Clusters of Principles
6/14
2. Beneficence
Beneficence attempt to do good
Balance doing good >< risk of doing
harm
Tools: - risk assessment
- cost-benefit analysis
Cases where beneficence >