4. house example 1 agenda for example r 1. customer requirements r 2. create concept r 3. define...
TRANSCRIPT
4. House example1
Agenda for example 1. Customer requirements 2. Create concept 3. Define additional needs 4. Complete design 5. Define lower specs and I/Fs 6. Document design
4. House example2
1. Customer requirements
Problem statement Customer requirements
1. Customer requirements
4. House example3
Problem statement
Build a place to live for a family of four with an income of $80,000 per year
Build on speculation without specific customer in mind
Applying the design process to a define a place to live is a good test for the design process because
construction illustrates many aspects of design
Applying the design process to a define a place to live is a good test for the design process because
construction illustrates many aspects of design
1. Customer requirements
4. House example4
Customer requirements
A place to live for a family of four Costs less then $225,000
1. Customer requirements
Customer requirements are the result of translatingthe customer problem into an agreement about
the final product
Customer requirements are the result of translatingthe customer problem into an agreement about
the final product
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2. Create conceptObjectiveTechniqueDeveloping conceptOutputs of developing
concept
2. Create concept
4. House example6
ObjectiveDefine the design sufficiently that we can
estimate cost and manage project
2. Create concept
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Technique
Answers three questions• What are we going to build?• Can we build it?• Roughly how much will it cost to develop?
Zig-zag back and forth between asking what and then asking how
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (1 of 9)Questions to determine what to build• Why are we building a place to live?• Profit of 20 percent
• What general characteristics must the structure have?• Attractive to customers as determined
by comparison to similar homes
• Who is the customer?• A man, a wife, and two children
Ask and answer high-level question to determine what to build
Ask and answer high-level question to determine what to build
2. Create concept
4. House example9
Developing concept (2 of 9)
• Who is the user?• The family
• What type of structure?• House• Apartment• Hotel• Recreational vehicle
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (3 of 9)
apartment
hotel
house
rv
There are many possible solutionsThere are many possible solutions
2. Create concept
4. House example11
Developing concept (4 of 9)
house
Using the process for creating a solution, choose a single solution
Using the process for creating a solution, choose a single solution
2. Create concept
4. House example12
Developing concept (5 of 9)Questions to determine if we can build the
house and roughly what it will cost• How many square feet are in the
house?• 2500
• How many stories?• Two
• How many bedrooms?• 4
2. Create concept
Ask and answer lower-level question to determine if we can build the house and roughly how much it will cost Ask and answer lower-level question to determine if we can build the house and roughly how much it will cost
4. House example13
Developing concept (6 of 9)
• How many bathrooms?• 3
• Size of garage?• 2 cars
• Bedroom locations?• Downstairs -- master plus one• Upstairs -- two
2. Create concept
4. House example14
Developing concept (7 of 9)• Master bathroom?• Closet 1 -- 100 square
feet• Closet 2 -- 30 square feet• Bathtub• Shower• Enclosed toilet
• Garage-entry?• Rear entry
• Utility room?• Yes
2. Create concept
4. House example15
Developing concept (8 of 9)
• Living areas?• Living room• Family room• Game room
• Lot?• Dimensions• Orientations• Utility• Ally location• Existing landscape• Drainage
2. Create concept
4. House example16
Developing concept (9 of 9)
• Sink in utility room?• Yes
• Storage under stairs?• Yes
• Storage in attic?• 200 square feet, un-air-conditioned
• Trim?• Crown-molding in formal areas
• Appliances?• Middle-of-line, garage door opener
2. Create concept
4. House example17
Outputs of concept (1 of 13)
mid-level questions
fam
ily o
f fo
ur
<$2
25,0
00
<20
% p
rofi
t
attr
acti
ve
ho
use
blu
epri
nt
elec
tric
al
lot
pla
n
2500 square feet X X Xtwo stories X Xfour bedrooms X Xthree bathrooms X X Xtwo-car garage X Xmaster down X Xbedroom 2 down X Xbedroom 3 up X Xbedroom 4 up X Xmaster tub X Xmaster shower X Xmaster enclosed toilet X Xrear-entry garage X Xutility room X Xliving room X Xfamily room X Xgame room X X
2. Create conceptGenerate design spec to capture answers to questions Generate design spec to capture answers to questions
4. House example18
Outputs of concept (2 of 13)
low-level questions
fam
ily o
f fo
ur
<$2
25,0
00
<20
% p
rofi
t
attr
acti
ve
ho
use
blu
epri
nt
elec
tric
al
lot
pla
n
within lot dimensions X Xenergy-efficient orientation X Xaccess to ally X Xaccess to utilities X Xexisting landscape X Xgood drainage X Xutility room sink X Xstorage under stairs X Xstorage in attic X Xgarage door opener X X
2. Create concept
4. House example19
Outputs of concept (3 of 13)BlueprintElevationsLot planPlumbing drawingElectrical drawingHVAC drawing
2. Create concept
Create drawings to capture design Create drawings to capture design
4. House example20
Outputs of concept (4 of 13)
house
framing roofing plumbinglot lot prep found
siding insul drywallHVAC electrical mason
flooring appl landtrim painting cabinet
fence clean up materials
2. Create concept
Identify lower products Identify lower products
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Outputs of concept (5 of 13)
1. Lot2. Lot preparation3. Foundation and concrete4. Framing5. Roofing and gutters6. Plumbing7. Heating, ventilation, and
air conditioning (HVAC)
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (6 of 13)
8. Electrical9. Masonry10. Siding11. Insulation and sound proofing12. Drywall13. Trim14. Painting and wall covering
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (7 of 13)
15. Cabinetry and counter tops16. Flooring, tile, and glazing17. Appliances18. Landscape and sprinkling19. Fence20. Clean up21. Materials
2. Create concept
4. House example24
Outputs of concept (8 of 13)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Product Lo
t
Lo
t p
rep
Fo
un
d
Fra
min
g
Ro
ofi
ng
Plu
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HV
AC
Ele
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Ma
son
Sid
img
Ins
ul
Dyw
all
Tri
m
Pa
inti
ng
Cab
ine
try
Flo
ori
ng
Ap
pl
La
nd
s
Fe
nc
e
Cle
an
up
Ma
teri
al
1 Lot2 Lot prep X3 Found X X X X4 Framing X X5 Roofing X X X X X6 Plumb X X X7 HVAC X X8 Electrical X X X9 Mason X X X
10 Sidimg X X X X11 Insul X X X X12 Dywall X X X X13 Trim X X X X14 Painting X X X15 Cabinetry X X16 Flooring X X17 Appl X X X X X X18 Land X X19 Fence X X20 Clean up X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X21 Material X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Dependencies
2. Create conceptDefine dependencies Define dependencies
4. House example25
Outputs of concept (9 of N)
Plumbing• Below-foundation plumbing• Foundation• Above-foundation plumbing
Electrical• Below-foundation electrical• Foundation• Above-foundation electrical
Errors in dependencies can be worked around
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (10 of 13)
Schedule • Built up on basis of dependencies
2. Create concept
Define schedule Define schedule
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Outputs of concept (11 of 13)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Product Lo
t
Lo
t p
rep
Fo
un
d
Fra
min
g
Ro
ofi
ng
Plu
mb
HV
AC
Ele
c
Ma
son
Sid
img
Ins
ul
Dyw
all
Tri
m
Pa
inti
ng
Cab
ine
try
Flo
ori
ng
Ap
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La
nd
s
Fe
nc
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Cle
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up
Ma
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1 Lot2 Lot prep3 Found4 Framing5 Roofing 6 Plumb7 HVAC8 Electrical9 Mason
10 Sidimg11 Insul12 Dywall13 Trim14 Painting15 Cabinetry16 Flooring17 Appl18 Land19 Fence20 Clean up21 Material
Interfaces with
2. Create conceptDefine internal interfaces Define internal interfaces
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Outputs of concept (12 of 13)
External interfaces• Sewage• Water• Gas • Electrical• Phone• Cable tv
2. Create concept
Define external interfaces Define external interfaces
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Outputs of concept (13 of 13)
STUDYhigh-level questions and solutionslow-level questions and solutions
customer requirements
drawingsdrawings
2. Create concept
Capture studies and trace leading to design Capture studies and trace leading to design
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3. Define additional needsObjectiveTechniqueMake product workMeet requirementsMake usable and meet needsProvide quality and affordability
3. Define additional needs
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Objective
Fill out all the details of the design such that the product can be built
3. Define additional needs
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TechniqueExpand the four areas in the complete-
design step of the design process using models and other idea-solicitation techniques
3. Define additional needs
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Make product workAccess to HVAC equipment
3. Define additional needs
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Meet requirementsCustomerUserEnterpriseDeveloperOther stakeholder; e.g. building
codes, standards, best practices
3. Define additional needs
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Make usable and meet needs
LifestyleTraffic patternsPrivacy
3. Define additional needs
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Provide quality and affordabilityEnergy considerationsReputationCostSalabilityCOTSGood neighborhoodAppearanceFlow of money -- billsEnvironmentConvenienceSite
3. Define additional needs
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4. Complete deign
ObjectiveTechnique
4. Complete design
4. House example38
Objective
Complete the design to the point it can be built
4. Complete design
4. House example39
TechniqueImplement each requirement and
additional needs
4. Complete design
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5. Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)
ObjectiveTechnique(1) Lot(2) Lot preparation(3) Foundation and concrete(4) Framing(5) Roofing and gutters(6) Plumbing(7) Heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC)
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Define lower specs and I/Fs (2 of 3)
(8) Electrical(9) Masonry(10) Siding(11) Insulation and sound proofing(12) Drywall(13) Trim(14) Painting and wall covering
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)
(15) Cabinetry and counter tops(16) Flooring, tile, and glazing(17) Appliances(18) Landscape and sprinkling(19) Fence(20) Clean up(21) Materials
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Objective
Flow requirements to each of the lower products to produce a set of requirements for each
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Technique Flow down requirements to each lower
productDevelop a set of steps for each
implementing each lower product before and after subcontracting
Write a spec that defines the work to be done
Define a set of inspections to be performed on each lower product
Identify the science involved
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
4. House example45
(1) LotRequirements• Lot that satisfies location, orientation,
drainage, flood, location, environment, safety, and dimensions
Special considerations• Purchased separately or provided -- not
part of material
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(2) Lot preparation
Requirements• Land clearing including stumps• Excavation and backfill including
drainage• Marking foundation• Trash receptacle
Special considerations• Excavation paid by hour
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
4. House example47
(3) Foundation and concreteRequirements• Footings, foundation, sidewalks, driveway• Water-proofing and drainage• Temporary sidewalks• Pest control
Special considerations• Full-service foundation company vs
individual subcontractors• Type of concrete and reinforcement• Weather and climate• Interface with plumber and pest control
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(4) FramingRequirements• Framing• Sheathing• Windows and doors• Garage door
Special considerations• Paid by square foot of covered area plus
extras• May use pre-fabricated components
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(5) Roofing and guttersRequirements• Roofing• Gutters including flashing
Special considerations• Roofing cost based on squares; gutter
based on linear foot; usually separate• Gutter goes on after cornice painted
and wall finished• Type of roof -- wood, asphalt, fiberglass,
aluminum, tile, concrete• Type of gutter -- aluminum, vinyl
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(6) Plumbing
Requirements• Water• Sewer• Gas• Vent system
Special considerations• Septic tanks and water wells• Dependent upon local building codes• Material -- cast iron, copper, PVC, CPCV,
polybutylene
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(7) HVAC
Requirements• Air-conditioner and furnace• Ducts and registers• Thermostats, humidifiers, filters
Special considerations• Cost based on capacity of system• Type -- all-electric, heat pump,
combination, alternative heating• Zoned heating
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(8) Electrical
Requirements• Electrical• Telephone• Alarm• Entertainment• Computers• Temporary service
Special considerations• Cost determined by number of outlets• Wire gauges vary with load
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(9) Masonry
Requirements• Bricks and concrete blocks• Stucco• Fireplaces and mail boxes
Special considerations• Type of brick• Type of stucco -- traditional vs artificial
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
4. House example54
(10) Siding
Requirements• Siding• Cornice
Special considerations• Type of siding -- cedar, plywood,
masonite, vinyl, aluminum• Type of cornice -- open vs box
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(11) Insulation and soundproofing
Requirements• Sheathing• Batts• Blown-in• Soundproofing
Special considerations• Insulation type -- fiberglass vs cellulose• Weather exposure -- sunlight, wind
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(12) DrywallRequirements• Drywall• Finishing drywall• Texturing
Special considerations• Dependent upon quality of framing• Extra cost for vaulted ceilings, curved
wall, and high ceilings
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
4. House example57
(13) Trim
Requirements• Doors, windows, sills, and hardware • Molding• Stairway• Fireplaces and mantels• Shelves and hangars
Special considerations• Pay by opening, cut, hour, or job• Quality of interior determined by trim
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
4. House example58
(14) Painting and wall covering
Requirements• Painting• Caulking• Wall covering
Special considerations• Type of paint -- oil, stain, latex• Characteristics of wood • Exterior wood finishes • Suitability of finishing methods • Method of application -- paint, roller, spray
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(15) Cabinetry and countertops
Requirements• Kitchen cabinets• Bathroom cabinets• Countertops and vanity tops
Special considerations• Type -- custom-built vs pre-fabricated
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(16) Flooring, tile, and glazing
Requirements• Carpet• Wood• Vinyl• Tile• Glazing
Special considerations• Type of flooring• Stability of foundation
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(17) Appliances
Requirements• Stoves and microwave• Dish washer• Garbage disposal• Vacuum system• Intercom• Garage door opener
Special considerations• In same category as material
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(18) Landscape and sprinklers
Requirements• Grading and draining• Retaining walls• Lawn• Plants• Sprinkler system
Special considerations• Weather survivability• Energy savings• Erosion protection
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(19) Fence
Requirements• Poles• Fences• Gates• Preservative
Special considerations• Type of pole, material, and fence
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(20) Clean up
Requirements• Make house ready to sell
Special considerations• Disposition of trash
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(21) Materials
Requirements• All material not supplied by a
subcontractor• >400 types of materials
Special considerations• Cost -- bids are better than estimates• Delivery -- just-in-time vs total• Protection -- weather, fire, and theft
5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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6. Document design
ObjectiveTechniqueDocumentation components
6. Document design
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Objective
Capture the design description, the supporting analysis, and the management in written format
6. Document design
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Technique
Capture each design requirementCapture each design studyTrace design requirements to higher
requirements that they verify
6. Document design
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Documentation components (1 of 2)
design
design description
supporting analysis
managementincludingtracing
Design is documented as (1) design description, (2) supporting analysis, and (3) management including
tracing
Design is documented as (1) design description, (2) supporting analysis, and (3) management including
tracing
6. Document design
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Documentation components (2 of 2)Design description• Customer requirements• Design requirements• Drawings• Bill of material
Supporting analysis• All studies• Cost summary
Management• Trace
6. Document design