4 loops of quality systems by jamie flinchbaugh
DESCRIPTION
The 4 Loops of Quality define aTRANSCRIPT
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Lean Quality Systems
Control, Containment and Continuous Improvement
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Focus on Root Cause of Variability
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Impact: Cost/Occurrence
Frequency: Problems/Opportunities0
Special Cause Incidents
High Visibility/Containment Actions
Low Occurrence Variability/Durability
Customer Satisfaction Zone
Product/ProcessRobustness
Customer Satisfaction
Source: J.D. Power & Associates
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Quality Systems from Both EndsQuality Systems must work at both ends of the Pareto Chart
1. Problem solving for identified problems2. Filter and correction for thousands of issues
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Quality Loops: Protect the Customer and Feedback for Improvement
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Quality LoopsQuality LoopsZoneZoneWorkstationWorkstation CustomerCustomer
Quality Loop 1
Quality Loop 2
Quality Loop 3
Quality Loop 4
Plant / ProcessPlant / Process
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Quality Loop 4
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CustomerCustomer
Loop 4 – The Customer Filter
Objective – Feedback from the customer for immediate and effective resolution of real issues, and to align product and process to customer needs and wants.
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Quality Loop 4
• Link feedback into Loops 1, 2 and 3• Always based on sampling• Problems have already “escaped”• Customer won’t always tell you clearly what they want• Trouble aligning data to customer behaviors• Very slow, very costly, but like gold, every ounce should be
fully utilized• Use to design filters in Loops 1, 2, and 3
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Quality Loop 3
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Plant / ProcessPlant / Process
Loop 3 – End-of-Process Loop
Objective, Ideal – Act as a rapid representation of customer response.Objective, Pragmatic – Act as a dynamic filter to protect customer
based on Loop 1 and 2 activity.
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Quality Loop 3
• Customer advocate – who will act as customer before the customer does
• Accept feed forward information Loops 1 and 2• Dynamic, not meant to be the permanent solution
• Dynamic checks• Dynamic corrections • Dynamic sampling volumes• Dynamic resources
• The least important Loop to get right if you do the others right; the most important if the other Loops are failing• You can tell the effectiveness of a quality system by how
important Loop 3 is.• Characterized as the quality ‘conscience’ of the organization 8
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Quality Loop 2
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ZoneZone
Loop 2 – Zone Control
Objective – To establish a tight filter of quality issues and fast feedback into workstation issues.
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Quality Loop 2
• Tough question – isn’t focusing on Loop 1 ideal? • No. Pragmatically, Loop 2 a better one to focus on mastering (you
will never master Loop 1).• 1st Line Supervision can focus on a Zone, but not a
Workstation• Must be fast-flowing information
• Problem found – feed back into Loop 1; feed forward into Loop 3• Zone must pay attention to SQDC – where does quality fall at
the Zone level culturally?• In most organizations, zones focus on D before Q
• What’s found in Loop 2 drives 5 Why Problem Solving?10
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Quality Loop 1
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WorkstationWorkstation
Loop 1 – Operating / Workstation
Objective – To prevent defects from reaching the immediate customer, the next step in the process.
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Quality Loop 1
• Design the work to prevent errors and find them if possible• Culture – next workstation is customer, do not let quality
problems pass to customer• Error Proofing
• Shutdown = Normal functions stop when defect is predicted or detected.
• Control = Makes errors impossible or make sure defective items cannot be passed on to the next process.
• Warning = Signals when a defect is predicted or detected.• Standardized Work• Andon or other system – feed
forward to Zone withoutrepercussion
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Key System Wide Issues• Information links between loops is vital
• Should be simple and fast• Loop 1 out to Loop 2• Loop 2 back to Loop 1, forward to Loop 3• Loop 3 back to Loop 2• Loop 4 back to Loops 3 and 1
• Escalation• Lean Rule 2, clearly connect customer and supplier• Who escalates issues, under what conditions, to who, how and what
is the response?• What would your quality system look like if the USDA (or
whoever) were external to your process (Loop 4)? Design it with this in mind.
• Roles and responsibilities – saying “everyone is responsible for quality” is vague and leads to confusion and finger pointing. Design the system, then design clear responsibilities around that.
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Non-Product / Service Processes
• Loop 1 – Remains the same; build quality into the process and look at the next step as the customer
• Loop 2 – What is the end of the process? How are they looking at quality based on the whole process, or part of the processes?
• Loop 3 – Blends with Loop 2 depending on complexity of process. Most processes end with internal customers. Purpose is the same.
• Loop 4 – Much harder to measure than product and less frequent; every ounce is gold. • Look for satisfaction and value-add• Go get the data (very little effort is put in for doing this)
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QualityQualityFilterFilter
QualityQualityFilterFilter
Product Product DesignDesign Process Process
RunningRunning
Customer Requirements: Needs, Perceptions & BehaviorsCustomer Requirements: Needs, Perceptions & Behaviors
Robust and Robust and Capable Capable
LoopLoop
In-Control In-Control LoopLoop
Building a Robust and Capable Model for Meeting Customer Requirements
Quality Response Process
Process Process DesignDesign
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Contact Me
• Jamie Flinchbaugh, Co-founder and Partner, Lean Learning Center
• www.LeanLearningCenter.com• www.JamieFlinchbaugh.com
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