4 migration models (or laws)
DESCRIPTION
APHGTRANSCRIPT
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Migration
3 Models, 1 Set of Laws
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Rave
nst
ein
’s
Law
sPatterns of Migration
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Rave
nst
ein
’s
Law
s 1. Most migrants only
go a short distance 2. Longer-distance
migrations favor big
city destinations 3. Most migration
proceeds step by step
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Hie
rarc
hal S
tepw
ise
Move
ment
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Vari
ed S
tepw
ise
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Rave
nst
ein
Law
s co
nt.
4. Most migration is
from rural to urban 5. Each migration flow
produces a counterflow
6. Most migrants are
adults; families are less
likely to make international moves
7. Most international
migrants are young males (equal male/female today)
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Zelin
sky’
s M
obili
ty (
or
Mig
rati
on)
Transi
tion
Model Developed by Wilbur
Zelinsky (1921-2013)
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Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel Connection between DTM and Migration
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Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
The type of migration
that occurs within a country depends on how developed it is. A
connection is drawn from migration to the
stages of the Demographic Transition Model.
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Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
Phase 1: Premodern Traditional
Society Before the onset of urbanization. Very little migration.
Natural increase rates
are about zero
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Phase 2:Early traditional societyMassive movement from
countryside to cities. Rapid rate of natural increaseZ
elin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
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Phase 3: Late Transitional Society Urban-to-urban
migration surpasses
rural-to-urban migration. Non-economic migration and circulation begin to
emerge. Natural increase slows
Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
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Phase 4: Advanced society We mostly see
movement from city to
city and within individual urban agglomerations.
There is slight natural
increase—or none at
all
Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
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Phase 5: Nearly all migration is
interurban or intraurban No plausible predictions of fertility
behavior Stable natural increase pattern below
present levels.Zelin
sky’
s M
igra
gio
n
Transi
tion M
odel
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Lee’s
Model o
f M
igra
tionReason for migration. Take Push and Pull factors one step further
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Lee’s
Model o
f M
igra
tion Introduces the idea of
“Intervening Obstacles” that need
to be overcome before
migration takes place
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Lee’s
Model o
f M
igra
tion
Source and destination
are seen as possessing a range of
attributes; each would-be migrant perceives these attributes differently
depending on personal
characteristics, such
as age, sex and marital status
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Lee’s
Model o
f M
igra
tion
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Lee’s
Model o
f M
igra
tion
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Gra
vity
Model Predicts movement (migration)
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Gra
vity
Model
Takes into account the
population size of two
places and their distance. Since larger
places attract more people (and ideas and
commodities) than smaller places, and places closer together
have a greater attraction, the gravity
model incorporates these two features
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Gra
vity
Model
The relative strength
of a bond between two
places is determined
by multiplying the population of place A
by the population of
place B and then dividing the product by the distance between the two places squared
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Gra
vity
Model
Population A x Population
B Distance 2
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Gra
vity
Model
The potential number
of migrants will be large if they are departing from a place
with high population
and moving to another
place with high population The friction of distance
acts as a break
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Thin
gs
to
Rem
em
ber
Economic factors are the
most influential push
and pull factors Individual migrants
weigh up the positives
and negatives (can be
perceived) Policy makers can slow
rural-to-urban migration
through investment and
employment opportunities
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The E
nd